| High-resolution electron microscopical study of cyst walls of Entamoeba spp. | Knowledge of the fine structural organization, molecular composition and permeability properties of the cell surface of intestinal protozoan cysts is important to understand the biologic basis of their resistance. Recent studies on the biology of the cyst walls of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba invadens have considerably advanced knowledge on the cellular processes involved in the transport and surface deposition of the main cyst wall components. Using transmission electron microscopy, cyto ... | 2011 | 21883633 |
| entamoeba histolytica: cloning, expression and evaluation of the efficacy of a recombinant amebiasis cysteine proteinase gene (acp1) antigen in minipig. | the amebiasis cysteine proteinase gene (acp1) encoding an antigen from entamoeba histolytica, as well as the recombinant acp1, obtained by cloning and expression of the acp1 gene in heterologous host escherichia coli bl-21 (de3), were used to evaluate their ability to induce immune protective responses in minipig against challenge infection in a minipig -e. histolytica model. there was a 64.52% reduction (p<0.001) in the group of recovery of challenged e. histolytica compared with that in the co ... | 2011 | 22154977 |
| evaluation of an immunochromatographic dip strip test for simultaneous detection of cryptosporidium spp, giardia duodenalis, and entamoeba histolytica antigens in human faecal samples. | immunochromatographic (ic) tests may play an important role in the future diagnosis of parasitic diseases because of their speed and simplicity of use. a recently developed test to detect cryptosporidium spp, giardia duodenalis and entamoeba histolytica was evaluated. microscopy and pcr were the "gold standard" reference techniques and the results of this ic test were compared with those obtained with elisa and ic single test for the three parasites. one hundred sixty stool samples were assayed. ... | 2012 | 22262367 |
| direct detection of the acetate-forming activity of the enzyme acetate kinase. | acetate kinase, a member of the acetate and sugar kinase-hsp70-actin (askha) enzyme superfamily(1-5), is responsible for the reversible phosphorylation of acetate to acetyl phosphate utilizing atp as a substrate. acetate kinases are ubiquitous in the bacteria, found in one genus of archaea, and are also present in microbes of the eukarya(6). the most well characterized acetate kinase is that from the methane-producing archaeon methanosarcina thermophila(7-14). an acetate kinase which can only ut ... | 2011 | 22214984 |
| trends and prevalence of intestinal parasites at a tertiary care center in lebanon over a decade. | intestinal parasitic infections or infestation are amongst the most prevalent infections worldwide. this study aimed at revealing the changing trends over a decade duration of intestinal parasites identified at a major tertiary care center in lebanon between 1997-1998 and 2007-2008. the total number of specimens tested were 14,771 for 1997-1998 vs 7477 for 2007-2008. the positive findings for parasites were 2077 (14%) vs 1047 (14%), respectively. the majority of recovered parasites in both study ... | 2011 | 22259902 |
| the patient presenting with acute dysentery - a systematic review. | objectives: the etiologies, clinical presentations and diagnosis of acute pathogen-specific dysentery in children and adults in industrialized and developing regions is described to help develop recommendations for therapy. methods: we conducted a systematic review of literature published between january 2000 and june 2011 to determine the frequency of occurrence of pathogen-specific dysentery. results: shigella, salmonella, and campylobacter remain the most frequent bacterial causes of dysenter ... | 2012 | 22266388 |
| a parasitological survey of natural water springs and inhabitants of a tourist city in southeastern brazil. | abstract the goals of this study were to investigate the occurrence of cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cysts in main springs of campos do jordão, an important tourist city, in brazil and to gather the largest amount of parasitological data from autochthonous population that live in rural areas of this city. the membrane filtration technique followed by direct immunofluorescence assay was employed for concentration and visualization of waterborne protozoa. in the period between june 2003 an ... | 2012 | 22217166 |
| frequency of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar prevalence among patients with gastrointestinal complaints in chelgerd city, southwest of iran(*). | differentiation between entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar is very important for both clinical therapy and epidemiological studies. although these two species are morphologically identical, they have differences in genetic, chemical specifications and pathogenicity. this study was carried out to differentiate e. histolytica from e. dispar and also to find out frequency of the two species. | 2011 | 22973344 |
| high-level parasitic contamination of soil sampled in ibadan metropolis. | soil transmitted helminthes infections are common chronic human infections worldwide, this has been recognized as an important health problem, particularly in developing countries. the study was conducted within ibadan metropolis in oyo state, south western nigeria between september 2008 and march 2009 to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasite in soil samples within the city. a total of 102 soil samples were collected from different sources from five local government areas ranging from ... | 2011 | 22783681 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasites and bacteria among food handlers in a tertiary care hospital. | the aim of this work is to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and bacteria among the food handlers. | 2011 | 22529512 |
| status of intestinal parasitosis among hospital visiting patients in deukhury valley, dang, nepal. | intestinal parasitosis is highly prevalent among the general population in nepal. this study aimed to assess the status of intestinal parasitosis among patients attending deukhury community hospital, lamahi, dang, situated in the mid western region of nepal. a total of 210 stool samples examined by direct smear technique were reported. the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was found to be 21.4% (m = 23.5% vs f = 19.3%). children < 15 yrs age were infected more often as compare ... | 2011 | 22364091 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasites among patients of a tertiary hospital in benin city, nigeria. | intestinal parasitic infections have been described as constituting the greatest single worldwide cause of illness and disease. | 2011 | 22363084 |
| gastrointestinal parasites of captive and free-roaming primates at the afi mountain primate conservation area in calabar, nigeria and their zoonotic implications. | a study on the gastrointestinal parasites among free-living and captive primates at the afi mountain, primate conservation area in calabar, nigeria was undertaken for the first time to ascertain their zoonotic implications. faecal samples were subjected to direct smear, floatation, quantitative estimation of helminth eggs (epg) and oocysts (opg), larval isolation and identification by modified baerman's technique and oocyst sporulation for specie identification. out of the 108 primates examined, ... | 2011 | 22308652 |
| probing the antiamoebic and cytotoxicity potency of novel tetrazole and triazine derivatives. | a series of compounds bearing a tetrazole and triazine ring motif conjugated with a so(2)nh function were synthesized and investigated for their antiamoebic potency. cytotoxicity of the compounds was checked on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line hepg2. incorporation of triazine ring in place of tetrazole resulted in a precipitous increase in the antiamoebic activity of the compounds. antiamoebic activity of the investigated compounds was found to be position and substituent dependent. in v ... | 2011 | 22236470 |
| intestinal parasitic infestation among children in a semi-urban indian population. | survey on the prevalence of various intestinal parasitic infestations in different geographic regions is a prerequisite to obtain an accurate understanding of the burden and cause of intestinal parasitic infestations in a particular area. the aim of the present study was to determine the intestinal parasitic infestation among children in a semi-urban area. | 2011 | 23508675 |
| a coprological survey for assessing intensity of parasitic infection in school children: cross-sectional study. | intestinal parasitic infections (ipis) are endemic worldwide and have been the cause of illness and disease worldwide. | 2011 | 23507633 |
| profile of catering staff at a tertiary care hospital in mumbai. | food borne illnesses, even today, continue to be a major public health problem in both developing and developed nations. food handlers play an important role in ensuring food safety throughout the chain of production, processing, storage and preparation.health of food handlers is of great importance for maintaining hygienic quality of food prepared and served by them. thus, the present study was conducted to study socio-demographic characteristics, morbidity pattern and immunization status of ca ... | 2011 | 23390464 |
| cloning of a 1.8 kb repeated sequence for the identification and comparison of giardia intestinalis isolates. | restriction enzyme digestion of bulk dna from giardia intestinalis reveals the presence of repeated sequences. a prominent 1.8 kb band in the alu i profile was cloned into the puc8 plasmid (pgi7) and used for comparing strains. when blots of dna of 34 isolates from different geographic areas are probed with pgi7, hybridization with identical intensities can be detected. however, some strains give different hybridization patterns with several restriction enzymes. no hybridization of pgi7 can be d ... | 2011 | 23195568 |
| amebic liver abscess complicated by inferior vena cava thrombosis: a case report. | amebic liver abscess is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of infection with entamoeba histolytica. it is a common disease, especially in endemic areas, but it is a rare cause of inferior vena cava (ivc) obstruction, with only a few cases appearing in the literature. the authors describe a case of amebic liver abscess in a patient who developed a rare vascular complication of inferior vena cava thrombosis. the case responded to conservative treatment and radiological intervention. | 2012 | 23770872 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in certified food-handlers working in food establishments in the city of nairobi, kenya. | most intestinal parasites are cosmopolitan with the highest prevalence in the tropics and subtopics. rural-to-urban migration rapidly increases the number of food eating places in towns and their environs. some of these eating estabishments have poor sanitation and are overcrowded, facilitating disease transmission, especially through food-handling. our investigations in nairobi, therefore, were set to determine the presence of intestinal parasites in food-handlers with valid medical certificate ... | 2012 | 23554735 |
| nested pcr reveals elevated over-diagnosis of e. histolytica in barcelona, venezuela. | the aim of this study was to identify the presence of entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar by nested pcr in children attending the "dr. luis razetti" hospital, barcelona, anzoátegui state. of the 1,141 fecal samples coproparasitologically evaluated by conventional microscopy, 150 were diagnosed positive for e. histolytica in 0-10 year-old-children, of both sexes. the signs, symptoms and a full coproparasitological report were obtained from all of these and nested pcr was performed to identify e. ... | 2012 | 23513487 |
| epidemiological analysis of eosinophilia and elevation of immunoglobulin e as a predictable and relative risk of enteroparasitosis. | among the intestinal parasites, the helminthiasis occupies a prominent position in brazil, since it worsens malnutrition and the gives rise to neurovegetative disorders. helminths like ascaris lumbricoides, enterobius vermicularis, hookworm, trichuris trichiura and strongyloides stercoralis stand out due to several factors that modulate the immune response of individuals. among the protozoa are giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica. e. dispar. parasitic helminth antigens are important to stimul ... | 2012 | 23444622 |
| [second national survey of intestinal parasitic infections in cuba, 2009]. | the intestinal parasitic infections are still endemic in cuba, with a higher frequency in rural and mountain regions. twenty five years after the last national survey, it deemed necessary to carry out a new national survey in order to know the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and to compare the obtained results between both studies. that knowledge would be valuable to work out strategies of health and to design a control program for intestinal parasitic infections in cuba. | 2012 | 23444621 |
| the incidence of feco-oral parasites in street-food vendors in buea, south-west region cameroon. | the street-food industry lacks legal recognition, it operates in unstable and precarious conditions, involving women and men with minimal or no knowledge of hygienic food handling practices. infective eggs, bacteria, toxins and cysts of faecal orally transmissible parasites are common agents responsible for food contamination in developing countries. | 2012 | 23382755 |
| [comparison of individual differences in the direct microscopic examination in the diagnosis of intestinal parasites]. | the aim is to emphasise the importance for intestinal parasites' diagnosis by direct microscopic examination and the discrepancies among results from different microscopists. | 2012 | 23339941 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasites among hiv patients in baringo, kenya. | hiv patients have reduced immune response which makes them more susceptible to different infections. this cross-sectional study was carried out to document the prevalence of intestinal parasites among hiv patients in baringo county, kenya. | 2012 | 23330028 |
| clinical and microbiological profile of hiv/aids cases with diarrhea in north india. | intestinal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with hiv/aids (plwha) especially in developing countries. the present study was conducted to assess the clinical and microbiological spectrum in hiv/aids cases with diarrhea and to correlate the occurrence of such pathogens with stool characters, hiv seropositivity status, and cd4 counts. stools from 154 hiv seropositive subjects and 50 hiv negative controls were examined by direct microscopy, fecal culture ... | 2012 | 23326669 |
| the calmodulin-like calcium binding protein ehcabp3 of entamoeba histolytica regulates phagocytosis and is involved in actin dynamics. | phagocytosis is required for proliferation and pathogenesis of entamoeba histolytica and erythrophagocytosis is considered to be a marker of invasive amoebiasis. ca²⁺ has been found to play a central role in the process of phagocytosis. however, the molecular mechanisms and the signalling mediated by ca²⁺ still remain largely unknown. here we show that calmodulin-like calcium binding protein ehcabp3 of e. histolytica is directly involved in disease pathomechanism by its capacity to participate i ... | 2012 | 23300437 |
| intestinal protozoan parasitic infection among school children. | intestinal protozoan parasitosis is highly prevalent among general population, majority of them are children. the objective of the study is to find out the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection in school children of sindhuli. | 2012 | 23281452 |
| effect of antimicrobial peptides derived from human cathelicidin ll-37 on entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. | the human cathelicidin hcap18/ll-37 is an antimicrobial protein consisting of a conserved n-terminal prosequence called the cathelin-like domain and a c-terminal peptide called ll-37. this peptide contains 37 amino acid residues, and several truncated variants obtained from natural sources or by chemical synthesis differ in their capability to damage gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as candida albicans. kr-12 is the shortest peptide (12 amino acids) of ll-37 that has conserved an ... | 2012 | 23274811 |
| entamoeba histolytica: the over expression of a mutated ehrabb protein produces a decrease of in vitro and in vivo virulence. | vesicular trafficking, which is implicated in secretion of cytolytic molecules as well as in phagocytosis, plays an important role in the pathogenic mechanism of entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite causative of human amoebiasis. thus, rab gtpases, that are key regulators of vesicle trafficking, should be considered as molecules involved in the parasite virulence. ehrabb is a rab protein located in cytoplasmic vesicles that are translocated to phagocytic mouths during ingestion of targe ... | 2012 | 23268174 |
| the entamoeba histolytica serum-inducible transmembrane kinase ehtmkb1-9 is involved in intestinal amebiasis. | entamoeba histolytica possesses a family of approximately 100 putative transmembrane kinases (tmks), indicating that the parasite has an extensive means of environmental sensing. the tmks have been divided into nine sub-groups based on the sequence composition of their intracellular kinase as well as extracellular cysteine-rich domains. ehtmkb1-9 has been recently shown to be expressed in proliferating trophozoites and induced by serum. interference with ehtmkb1-9 by antisense rna knockdown or e ... | 2012 | 23267432 |
| amoebic toxic colitis: analysis of factors related to mortality. | toxic or fulminant colitis due to entamoeba histolytica infrequently presents but is very serious. unfortunately, there are numerous contradictory factors related to mortality. | 2012 | 23265426 |
| giant liver abscess with bilateral pleural effusion: an unfamiliar association. | amoebic liver abscess is a common problem in tropical countries. however, its protean manifestations sometimes pose diagnostic dilemma leading to delay in starting appropriate therapy. we report here one interesting case of an amoebic liver abscess where the patient developed some uncommon features like bilateral pedal edema and bilateral pleural effusion. although unilateral effusion is well known in such patients, the cause of bilateral involvement of pleura in this patient remained largely un ... | 2012 | 23767022 |
| sexually transmitted infections manifesting as proctitis. | there is a rising incidence of several sexually transmitted infections (stis), many of which can present with proctitis. causative organisms include neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus, treponema pallidum (syphilis), giardia lamblia (giardiasis) and entamoeba histolytica (amoebiasis). this paper outlines important clinical discriminators and key investigations to distinguish these organisms from non-infective pathology that include inflammatory bowel disease, solit ... | 2013 | 23914292 |
| dientamoeba fragilis in gaza strip: a neglected protozoan parasite. | the aim of this study was to detect dientamoeba fragilis by iron haematoxylin stain, as well as its prevalence, and association between d. fragilis infection and diarrhoea among patients attending al-nuseirate refugee camp clinic, gaza strip. | 2013 | 23914238 |
| discovery of ppi-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase genes in eukaryotes and bacteria. | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) is one of the pivotal enzymes that regulates the carbon flow of the central metabolism by fixing co2 to phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) to produce oxaloacetate or vice versa. whereas atp- and gtp-type pepcks have been well studied, and their protein identities are established, inorganic pyrophosphate (ppi)-type pepck (ppi-pepck) is poorly characterized. despite extensive enzymological studies, its protein identity and encoding gene remain unknown. in this stud ... | 2015 | 26269598 |
| transcriptome analysis of encystation in entamoeba invadens. | encystation is an essential differentiation process for the completion of the life cycle of a group of intestinal protozoa including entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. however, regulation of gene expression during encystation is poorly understood. to comprehensively understand the process at the molecular level, the transcriptomic profiles of e. invadens, which is a related reptilian species that causes an invasive disease similar to that of e ... | 2013 | 24040350 |
| the nlrp3 inflammasome is a pathogen sensor for invasive entamoeba histolytica via activation of α5β1 integrin at the macrophage-amebae intercellular junction. | entamoeba histolytica (eh) is an extracellular protozoan parasite of humans that invades the colon to cause life-threatening intestinal and extra-intestinal amebiasis. colonized eh is asymptomatic, however, when trophozoites adhere to host cells there is a considerable inflammatory response that is critical in the pathogenesis of amebiasis. the host and/or parasite factors that trigger the inflammatory response to invading eh are not well understood. we recently identified that eh adherence to m ... | 2015 | 25955828 |
| prevalent and incident hiv diagnoses among entamoeba histolytica-infected adult males: a changing epidemiology associated with sexual transmission--taiwan, 2006-2013. | sexually transmitted entamoeba histolytica infection (ehi) has been increasingly recognized among men who have sex with men (msm). we used the national disease surveillance systems (ndss) to identify prevalent and incident hiv diagnoses among adults with ehi and to determine the associated factors. | 2014 | 25299178 |
| prevalence of anal human papillomavirus infection and risk factors among hiv-positive patients in tokyo, japan. | oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, particularly multiple hpv types, is recognized as a necessary cause of anal cancer. however, a limited number of studies have reported the prevalence of anal hpv infection in asia. we determined the prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors for anal hpv infection in japanese hiv-positive men who have sex with men (msm), heterosexual men, and women. | 2015 | 26368294 |
| discordances between serology and culture for strongyloides in an ethiopian adopted child with multiple parasitic infections: a case report. | infectious diseases screening of international adoptees is complex because of the concurrence of different pathogens in a child at same time. we describe an international adopted child born at ethiopia infected by 5 different pathogens (hymenolepis nana, giardia intestinalis, entamoeba histolytica, strongyloides stercoralis, and trichuris trichiura), 2 of them s. stercoralis and e. histolytica with a capacity to develop severe clinical complications if not detected promptly with appropriate diag ... | 2016 | 26962825 |
| ameboma: an unusual cause of gastrointestinal bleeding during severe leptospirosis. | severe leptospirosis occurs mainly in a tropical environment and includes icterus, acute renal failure and hemorrhages. these bleedings, which are mainly a consequence of acute homeostatic disturbances, can also reveal simultaneous diseases. coinfections with other tropical diseases have been previously reported during leptospirosis. to our knowledge, invasive amebiasis, which can induce gastrointestinal bleedings, has never been described in the course of severe leptospirosis. | 2014 | 24894109 |
| diagnostic microbiologic methods in the gems-1 case/control study. | to understand the etiology of moderate-to-severe diarrhea among children in high mortality areas of sub-saharan africa and south asia, we performed a comprehensive case/control study of children aged <5 years at 7 sites. each site employed an identical case/control study design and each utilized a uniform comprehensive set of microbiological assays to identify the likely bacterial, viral and protozoal etiologies. the selected assays effected a balanced consideration of cost, robustness and perfo ... | 2012 | 23169941 |
| case-control study of the etiology of infant diarrheal disease in 14 districts in madagascar. | acute diarrhea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. its microbiological causes and clinico-epidemiological aspects were examined during the rainy seasons from 2008 to 2009 in 14 districts in madagascar. | 2012 | 23028555 |
| a laboratory-developed taqman array card for simultaneous detection of 19 enteropathogens. | the taqman array card (tac) system is a 384-well singleplex real-time pcr format that has been used to detect multiple infection targets. here we developed an enteric taqman array card to detect 19 enteropathogens, including viruses (adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus gii, rotavirus, and sapovirus), bacteria (campylobacter jejuni/c. coli, clostridium difficile, salmonella, vibrio cholerae, diarrheagenic escherichia coli strains including enteroaggregative e. coli [eaec], enterotoxigenic e. coli [ ... | 2013 | 23175269 |
| identifying etiological agents causing diarrhea in low income ecuadorian communities. | continued success in decreasing diarrheal disease burden requires targeted interventions. to develop such interventions, it is crucial to understand which pathogens cause diarrhea. using a case-control design we tested stool samples, collected in both rural and urban ecuador, for 15 pathogenic microorganisms. pathogens were present in 51% of case and 27% of control samples from the urban community, and 62% of case and 18% of control samples collected from the rural community. rotavirus and shige ... | 2014 | 25048373 |
| evaluation of luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen analyte-specific reagents for high-throughput, simultaneous detection of bacteria, viruses, and parasites of clinical and public health importance. | acute diarrheal disease (add) can be caused by a range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. conventional diagnostic methods, such as culture, microscopy, biochemical assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), are laborious and time-consuming and lack sensitivity. combined, the array of tests performed on a single specimen can increase the turnaround time (tat) significantly. we validated a 19plex laboratory-developed gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp) using l ... | 2013 | 23850948 |
| nif-type iron-sulfur cluster assembly system is duplicated and distributed in the mitochondria and cytosol of mastigamoeba balamuthi. | in most eukaryotes, the mitochondrion is the main organelle for the formation of iron-sulfur (fes) clusters. this function is mediated through the iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery, which was inherited from the α-proteobacterial ancestor of mitochondria. in archamoebae, including pathogenic entamoeba histolytica and free-living mastigamoeba balamuthi, the complex iron-sulfur cluster machinery has been replaced by an ε-proteobacterial nitrogen fixation (nif) system consisting of two componen ... | 2013 | 23589868 |
| prevalence of gastrointestinal infection among international travellers returning to canada. | to describe the prevalence of parasitic and bacterial gastrointestinal infection (excluding enterotoxigenic escherichia coli) among international travellers attending the international travel clinic at the university of calgary. | 1993 | 22346439 |
| oxidative stress resistance genes contribute to the pathogenic potential of the anaerobic protozoan parasite, entamoeba histolytica. | the protozoan parasite, entamoeba histolytica, invades the host colon causing significant tissue destruction and inflammation. upon host infection, the parasite is confronted with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ros/rns) that cause large-scale changes in gene expression profiles, which likely support the parasite's adaptation to the host environment. we have previously identified oxidative and nitrosative stress responsive genes using whole-genome expression profiling. functional studies o ... | 2012 | 23009748 |
| entamoeba moshkovskii is associated with diarrhea in infants and causes diarrhea and colitis in mice. | entamoeba moshkovskii is prevalent in developing countries and morphologically indistinguishable from pathogenic entamoeba histolytica and nonpathogenic entamoeba dispar. it is not known if e. moshkovskii is pathogenic. | 2012 | 22723640 |
| structure-function relationships of human milk oligosaccharides. | human milk contains more than a hundred structurally distinct oligosaccharides. in this review, we provide examples of how the structural characteristics of these human milk oligosaccharides (hmo) determine functionality. specific α1-2-fucosylated hmo have been shown to serve as antiadhesive antimicrobials to protect the breast-fed infant against infections with campylobacter jejuni, one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea. in contrast, α1-2-fucosylation may abolish the beneficial ef ... | 2012 | 22585916 |
| etiology of childhood diarrhea after rotavirus vaccine introduction: a prospective, population-based study in nicaragua. | nicaragua was the first developing nation to implement routine immunization with the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5). in this rv5-immunized population, understanding infectious etiologies of childhood diarrhea is necessary to direct diarrhea treatment and prevention efforts. | 2014 | 24879131 |
| prevalence of enteric pathogen-associated community gastroenteritis among kindergarten children in gaza. | gastroenteritis is considered as one of the leading causes of illness and death in children under 5 years age, especially in developing countries. it is one of the major public health problems among childhood in gaza strip, palestine. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of enteric pathogen-associated community gastroenteritis among kindergarten children in gaza. a total of 150 stool samples were collected and investigated for parasitic, viral and bacterial pathogens at al azhar ... | 2014 | 25745477 |
| crystal structure and putative substrate identification for the entamoeba histolytica low molecular weight tyrosine phosphatase. | entamoeba histolytica is a eukaryotic intestinal parasite of humans, and is endemic in developing countries. we have characterized the e. histolytica putative low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (lmw-ptp). the structure for this amebic tyrosine phosphatase was solved, showing the ligand-induced conformational changes necessary for binding of substrate. in amebae, it was expressed at low but detectable levels as detected by immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting. a mutant lm ... | 2014 | 24548880 |
| microbial aetiology of acute diarrhoea in children under five years of age in khartoum, sudan. | diarrhoea is one of leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. recent estimations suggested the number of deaths is close to 2.5 million. this study examined the causative agents of diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in suburban areas of khartoum, sudan. a total of 437 stool samples obtained from children with diarrhoea were examined by culture and pcr for bacteria, by microscopy and pcr for parasites and by immunoassay for detection of rotavirus a. of the 437 samples analysed, ... | 2015 | 25713206 |
| the 12 gastrointestinal pathogens spectrum of acute infectious diarrhea in a sentinel hospital, shenzhen, china. | acute infectious gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases among all ages, particularly in developing countries. the pathogen spectrum may differ among different regions and seasons. to investigate the etiology of acute diarrhea in shenzhen, a prospective study was conducted from august 2014 to september 2015. stools from 412 patients with diarrhea (286 of whom were adults) including the general epidemiological information of the patients were collected. the 19 pathogens were detected b ... | 2016 | 27965649 |
| a study of parasitic and bacterial pathogens associated with diarrhea in hiv-positive patients. | diarrhea is a common complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), occurring in almost 90% of aids patients in developing countries like india. the present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and microbiological profile of pathogens associated with diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive patients and their relation to cd4 counts. | 2016 | 27795876 |
| evaluation of the nanochip® gastrointestinal panel (gip) test for simultaneous detection of parasitic and bacterial enteric pathogens in fecal specimens. | infectious gastroenteritis is a global health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial to allow appropriate and timely treatment. current laboratory stool testing has a long turnaround time (tat) and demands highly qualified personnel and multiple techniques. the need for high throughput and the number of possible enteric pathogens compels the implementation of a molecular approach which uses multiplex technology, without compromising pe ... | 2016 | 27447173 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of entamoeba histolytica fructokinase. | entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery and liver abscess. the medium for its axenic culture contains glucose as energy source, and we addressed the question whether e. histolytica can also use fructose instead. as the amoebic hexokinases do not phosphorylate fructose, a separate fructokinase is essential. the genome project revealed a single candidate gene encoding an e. histolytica homolog of bacterial fructokinases. this gene was cloned, and the recombinant enzyme ha ... | 2015 | 25700717 |
| evaluation of antigen detection and polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess in patients on anti-amoebic treatment. | diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess (ala) in patients on anti-amoebic drugs is difficult. there is scanty data on this issue using entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica) lectin antigen and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). we studied utility of lectin antigen, pcr, and igg antibody in diagnosis of liver abscess in patients on anti-amoebic treatment. liver aspirate of 200 patients, of which 170 had anti-amoebic drug prior to drainage, was tested for e. histolytica lectin antigen by (elisa), pcr, ba ... | 2012 | 22870930 |
| phenotypic and transcriptional profiling in entamoeba histolytica reveal costs to fitness and adaptive responses associated with metronidazole resistance. | antimicrobial chemotherapy is critical in the fight against infectious diseases caused by entamoeba histolytica. among the drugs available for the treatment of amebiasis, metronidazole (mtz) is considered the drug of choice. recently, in vitro studies have described mtz resistance and the potential mechanisms involved. costs to fitness and adaptive responses associated with resistance, however, have not been investigated. in this study we generated an hm-1 derived strain resistant to 12 μm mtz ( ... | 2015 | 25999919 |
| entamoeba histolytica trophozoites and lipopeptidophosphoglycan trigger human neutrophil extracellular traps. | neutrophil defense mechanisms include phagocytosis, degranulation and the formation of extracellular traps (net). these networks of dna are triggered by several immune and microbial factors, representing a defense strategy to prevent microbial spread by trapping/killing pathogens. this may be important against entamoeba histolytica, since its large size hinders its phagocytosis. the aim of this study was to determine whether e. histolytica and their lipopeptidophosphoglycan (ehlppg) induce the f ... | 2016 | 27415627 |
| comparison of nested-multiplex, taqman & sybr green real-time pcr in diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess in a tertiary health care institute in india. | amoebiasis is a common parasitic infection caused by entamoeba histolytica and amoebic liver abscess (ala) is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of amoebiasis. the aim of this study was to standardise real-time pcr assays (taqman and sybr green) to detect e. histolytica from liver abscess pus and stool samples and compare its results with nested-multiplex pcr. | 2016 | 26997014 |
| multicenter evaluation of the biofire filmarray gastrointestinal panel for etiologic diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis. | the appropriate treatment and control of infectious gastroenteritis depend on the ability to rapidly detect the wide range of etiologic agents associated with the disease. clinical laboratories currently utilize an array of different methodologies to test for bacterial, parasitic, and viral causes of gastroenteritis, a strategy that suffers from poor sensitivity, potentially long turnaround times, and complicated ordering practices and workflows. additionally, there are limited or no testing met ... | 2015 | 25588652 |
| serological investigation to identify risk factors for post-flood infectious diseases: a longitudinal survey among people displaced by typhoon morakot in taiwan. | after typhoon morakot struck taiwan in 2009, thousands of taiwanese citizens were displaced to shelters for several weeks. others were placed in urban communities where they had family members. this study aimed to investigate serological status in both groups and identify risk factors associated with seroconversion of infectious diseases. | 2015 | 25976763 |
| beta carbonic anhydrases: novel targets for pesticides and anti-parasitic agents in agriculture and livestock husbandry. | the genomes of many insect and parasite species contain beta carbonic anhydrase (β-ca) protein coding sequences. the lack of β-ca proteins in mammals makes them interesting target proteins for inhibition in treatment of some infectious diseases and pests. many insects and parasites represent important pests for agriculture and cause enormous economic damage worldwide. meanwhile, pollution of the environment by old pesticides, emergence of strains resistant to them, and their off-target effects a ... | 2014 | 25174433 |
| toll-like receptor signaling activation by entamoeba histolytica induces beta defensin 2 in human colonic epithelial cells: its possible role as an element of the innate immune response. | entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite of humans, produces dysenteric diarrhea, intestinal mucosa damage and extraintestinal infection. it has been proposed that the intestinal microbiota composition could be an important regulatory factor of amebic virulence and tissue invasion, particularly if pathogenic bacteria are present. recent in vitro studies have shown that entamoeba histolytica trophozoites induced human colonic caco2 cells to synthesize tlr-2 and tlr-4 and proinflammatory cytoki ... | 2013 | 23469306 |
| entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar calreticulin: inhibition of classical complement pathway and differences in the level of expression in amoebic liver abscess. | the role of calreticulin (crt) in host-parasite interactions has recently become an important area of research. information about the functions of calreticulin and its relevance to the physiology of entamoeba parasites is limited. the present work demonstrates that crt of both pathogenic e. histolytica and nonpathogenic e. dispar species specifically interacted with human c1q inhibiting the activation of the classical complement pathway. using recombinant ehcrt protein, we demonstrate that crt i ... | 2014 | 24860808 |
| structure of uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase from entamoeba histolytica. | uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (uap) catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of udp-glcnac, which is involved in cell-wall biogenesis in plants and fungi and in protein glycosylation. small-molecule inhibitors have been developed against uap from trypanosoma brucei that target an allosteric pocket to provide selectivity over the human enzyme. a 1.8 å resolution crystal structure was determined of uap from entamoeba histolytica, an anaerobic parasitic protozoan that c ... | 2015 | 25945709 |
| structural insight into dfmo resistant ornithine decarboxylase from entamoeba histolytica: an inkling to adaptive evolution. | polyamine biosynthetic pathway is a validated therapeutic target for large number of infectious diseases including cancer, giardiasis and african sleeping sickness, etc. α-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo), a potent drug used for the treatment of african sleeping sickness is an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (odc), the first rate limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis. the enzyme odc of e. histolytica (ehodc) has been reported to exhibit resistance towards dfmo. | 2013 | 23326423 |
| cultivation of parasites. | parasite cultivation techniques constitute a substantial segment of present-day study of parasites, especially of protozoa. success in establishing in vitro and in vivo culture of parasites not only allows their physiology, behavior and metabolism to be studied dynamically, but also allows the nature of the antigenic molecules in the excretory and secretory products to be vigorously pursued and analyzed. the complex life-cycles of various parasites having different stages and host species requir ... | 0 | 25250227 |
| identification of repressive and active epigenetic marks and nuclear bodies in entamoeba histolytica. | in human hosts, entamoeba histolytica cysts can develop into trophozoites, suggesting that the life cycle of this parasite are regulated by changes in gene expression. to date, some evidence has suggested that epigenetic mechanisms such as dna methylation and histone modification are involved in the regulation of gene expression in entamoeba. some post-translational modifications (ptms) at the n-terminus of e. histolytica's histones have been reported experimentally, including tri-methylation in ... | 2016 | 26767976 |
| ehnpc1 and ehnpc2 proteins participate in trafficking of exogenous cholesterol in entamoeba histolytica trophozoites: relevance for phagocytosis. | entamoeba histolytica, the highly phagocytic protozoan causative of human amoebiasis lacks the machinery to synthesize cholesterol. here, we investigated the presence of npc1 and npc2 proteins in this parasite, which are involved in cholesterol trafficking in mammals. bioinformatics analysis revealed one ehnpc1 and two ehnpc2 genes. ehnpc1 appeared as a transmembrane protein and both ehnpc2 as peripheral membrane proteins. molecular docking predicted that ehnpc1 and ehnpc2 bind cholesterol and i ... | 2016 | 28002502 |
| drug resistance in natural isolates of leishmania donovani s.l. promastigotes is dependent of pgp170 expression. | resistance of pathogens to drugs is a growing concern regarding many diseases. parasites like leishmania, plasmodium and entamoeba histolytica; and neoplastic cells, present the multidrug-resistant phenotype rendering chemotherapy ineffective. the acquired resistance of leishmania to antimony has generated intense research on the mechanisms involved but the question has not yet been resolved. to test the hypothesis that drug efflux in leishmania, as measured by flow cytometry using the fluoresce ... | 2013 | 23776486 |
| the effects of phosphanegold(i) thiolates on the biological properties of acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the t4 genotype. | gold compounds have shown promise in the treatment of non-communicable diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer, and are considered of value as anti-microbial agents against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and have anti-parasitic properties against schistosoma mansoni, trypanosoma brucei, plasmodium falciparum, leishmania infantinum, giardia lamblia, and entamoeba histolytica. they are known to affect enzymatic activities that are required for the cellular respiration processes ... | 2017 | 28366172 |
| anaerobic respiration: in vitro efficacy of nitazoxanide against mitochondriate acanthamoeba castellanii of the t4 genotype. | acanthamoeba is an opportunistic protist pathogen that is responsible for serious human and animal infection. being one of the most frequently isolated protists from the environment, it is likely that it readily encounters microaerophilic environments. for respiration under anaerobic or low oxygen conditions in several amitochondriate protists, decarboxylation of pyruvate is catalyzed by pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase instead of pyruvate dehydrogenase. in support, nitazoxanide, an inhibitor ... | 2015 | 26297676 |
| amoebozoa possess lineage-specific globin gene repertoires gained by individual horizontal gene transfers. | the amoebozoa represent a clade of unicellular amoeboid organisms that display a wide variety of lifestyles, including free-living and parasitic species. for example, the social amoeba dictyostelium discoideum has the ability to aggregate into a multicellular fruiting body upon starvation, while the pathogenic amoeba entamoeba histolytica is a parasite of humans. globins are small heme proteins that are present in almost all extant organisms. although several genomes of amoebozoan species have b ... | 2014 | 25013378 |
| structure and function of a unique pore-forming protein from a pathogenic acanthamoeba. | human pathogens often produce soluble protein toxins that generate pores inside membranes, resulting in the death of target cells and tissue damage. in pathogenic amoebae, this has been exemplified with amoebapores of the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. here we characterize acanthaporin, to our knowledge the first pore-forming toxin to be described from acanthamoebae, which are free-living, bacteria-feeding, unicellular organisms that are opportunistic pathogens of increasing i ... | 2013 | 23143413 |
| a comparative study of bacterial and parasitic intestinal infections in india. | infectious diarrhea causes a major health problem in developing countries with significant morbidity and mortality. very often, rehydration therapy alone does not suffice, mandating the use of antimicrobial agents. however, rapidly decreasing antimicrobial susceptibility is complicating the matters. | 2015 | 25954615 |
| acute diarrhea among military recruits. | there is a considerable amount of speculations concerning the presence of symptoms mainly diarrhea in various bacterial and parasitic infections. among a youth group with acute diarrhea, many bacterial and parasitic diseases were detected. the bacterial causes were campylobacter jejuni, shigella sp. entero-toxigenic, escherichia coli, salmonella sp. and aeromonas hydrophila. the parasitic causes were cryptosporidium parvum, entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and strongyloides stercoralis. ma ... | 2012 | 23214210 |
| diagnosis of intestinal parasites in a rural community of venezuela: advantages and disadvantages of using microscopy or rt-pcr. | a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and diagnostic performance of microscopy and real time pcr (rt-pcr) for 14 intestinal parasites in a venezuelan rural community with a long history of persistent intestinal parasitic infections despite the implementation of regular anthelminthic treatments. a total of 228 participants were included in this study. a multiplex rt-pcr was used for the detection of dientamoeba fragilis, giardia intestinalis, cryptosporidium sp. and ... | 2017 | 28007484 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among patients in local public hospitals of hail, northwestern saudi arabia. | to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among patients in hail, northwestern saudi arabia. | 2016 | 26851785 |
| multi-parallel qpcr provides increased sensitivity and diagnostic breadth for gastrointestinal parasites of humans: field-based inferences on the impact of mass deworming. | although chronic morbidity in humans from soil transmitted helminth (sth) infections can be reduced by anthelmintic treatment, inconsistent diagnostic tools make it difficult to reliably measure the impact of deworming programs and often miss light helminth infections. | 2016 | 26813411 |
| identification of human intestinal parasites affecting an asymptomatic peri-urban argentinian population using multi-parallel quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. | in resource-limited countries, stool microscopy is the diagnostic test of choice for intestinal parasites (soil-transmitted helminths and/or intestinal protozoa). however, sensitivity and specificity is low. improved diagnosis of intestinal parasites is especially important for accurate measurements of prevalence and intensity of infections in endemic areas. | 2015 | 26183074 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasites and its impact on nutritional status among preschool children living in damanhur city, el-behera governorate, egypt. | this cross sectional study was done in damanhur city, the capital of el-behera governorate to detect the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among preschool aged children and to find out its effect on their nutritional status. five-hundreds children aged between 2-6 years were enrolled; a detailed questionnaire, complete clinical and anthropometric assessment as well as complete stool analysis and blood picture were done. the study revealed that 51.8% preschool children were infected; c ... | 2014 | 25597166 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among kigali institute of education students in kigali, rwanda. | intestinal parasitic infections (ipis) are a significant public health problem in sub- saharan africa (ssa) and rwanda is not spared. while eradication programs towards preschool-aged and school-aged children are undertaken, important gaps regarding ipis among students attending tertiary learning institutions remain. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ipis and associated risk factors among kigali institute of education (kie) students who attended its medical clinic for stoo ... | 2013 | 24522143 |
| intestinal parasitic infection in bhil tribe of rajasthan, india. | a total of 224 bhil tribal individuals (115 males and 109 females) of different age groups inhabiting tribal rural areas of udaipur district of rajasthan, india were investigated for the prevalence of intestinal parasitic (protozoan and helminths) infections. fresh stool samples of these tribal subjects were examined microscopically by direct wet smear with saline and 1 % lugol's iodine and formaline ether concentration. of these 116 (51.78 %) were found to be infected with diverse species of in ... | 2012 | 24082517 |
| a novel, multi-parallel, real-time polymerase chain reaction approach for eight gastrointestinal parasites provides improved diagnostic capabilities to resource-limited at-risk populations. | diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites has traditionally relied on stool microscopy, which has low diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. we have developed a novel, rapid, high-throughput quantitative multi-parallel real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) platform. species-specific primers/probes were used for eight common gastrointestinal parasite pathogens: ascaris lumbricoides, necator americanus, ancylostoma duodenale, giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium spp., entamoeba histolytica, trichu ... | 2013 | 23509117 |
| parasitic diseases of the pleura. | parasitic infections are prevalent in certain parts of the world and may cause pleural involvement, which often goes unrecognized. common parasites involving the pleura include entamoeba histolytica, echinococcus granulosus and paragonimus westermani. amebiasis can cause empyema with "anchovy sauce" pus, reactive pleural effusions and bronchopleural fistula with hydropneumothorax. echinococcosis may result in pleural thickening, pneumothorax, secondary pleural hydatidosis and pleural effusions. ... | 2013 | 22990049 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among school children in baglung districts of western nepal. | this study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among school-going children of the baglung municipality from december 2010 to january 2011. | 2012 | 22971852 |
| parasitoses of the human central nervous system. | cerebral involvement in parasitoses is an important clinical manifestation of most of the human parasitoses. parasites that have been described to affect the central nervous system (cns), either as the dominant or as a collateral feature, include cestodes (taenia solium (neurocysticerciasis), echinococcus granulosus (cerebral cystic echinococcosis), e. multilocularis (cerebral alveolar echinococcosis), spirometra mansoni (neurosparganosis)), nematodes (toxocara canis and t. cati (neurotoxocarias ... | 2013 | 23046708 |
| geospatial distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in rio de janeiro (brazil) and its association with social determinants. | intestinal parasitic infections remain among the most common infectious diseases worldwide. this study aimed to estimate their prevalence and provide a detailed analysis of geographical distribution of intestinal parasites in the metropolitan region of rio de janeiro, considering demographic, socio-economic, and epidemiological contextual factors. | 2017 | 28273080 |
| epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminth and intestinal protozoan infections in preschool-aged children in the amhara region of ethiopia. | intestinal parasites are important contributors to global morbidity and mortality and are the second most common cause of outpatient morbidity in ethiopia. this cross-sectional survey describes the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and intestinal protozoa in preschool children 0-5 years of age in seven communities in the amhara region of ethiopia, and investigates associations between infection, household water and sanitation characteristics, and child growth. stool samples were collected ... | 2017 | 28167597 |
| prevalence and seasonal variation of human intestinal parasites in patients attending hospital with abdominal symptoms in northern jordan. | this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their seasonal variation in northern jordan. a total of 21 906 stool samples were collected over a period of 4 years (2009- 2013) from 5 government hospitals in 3 cities. samples were processed and examined microscopically and by concentration methods. parasitic infection was found in 9611 samples (44%). giardia lamblia was the most prevalent parasite (41%) followed by entamoeba histolytica (31%) and ent. coli (13 ... | 2017 | 28134428 |
| migrant workers in malaysia: current implications of sociodemographic and environmental characteristics in the transmission of intestinal parasitic infections. | a cross-sectional study of intestinal parasitic infections amongst migrant workers in malaysia was conducted. a total of 388 workers were recruited from five sectors including manufacturing, construction, plantation, domestic and food services. the majority were recruited from indonesia (n = 167, 43.3%), followed by nepal (n = 81, 20.9%), bangladesh (n = 70, 18%), india (n = 47, 12.1%) and myanmar (n = 23, 5.9.2%). a total of four nematode species (ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, ente ... | 2016 | 27806046 |
| seroprevalence of five parasitic pathogens in pregnant women in ten caribbean countries. | to date, published epidemiological studies of parasitic infections in humans in the caribbean region are very limited. here, we report the seroprevalence of five parasitic pathogens, including ascaris lumbricoides, entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia, schistosoma mansoni, and toxocara canis in 435 serum samples collected between 2008 and 2011 from pregnant women in ten caribbean islands. we tested the serum samples for igg antibodies against the five parasites by enzyme-linked immunosorbent a ... | 2017 | 27778108 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care center at felege hiwot referral hospital, northwest ethiopia. | parasitic infections affect tens of millions of pregnant women worldwide, and directly or indirectly lead to a spectrum of adverse maternal and fetal/placental effects. the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care center in felege hiwot referral hospital, bahir dar city, northwest ethiopia. | 2016 | 27716099 |
| parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables sold at central markets in khartoum state, sudan. | fresh vegetables are considered as vital nutrients of a healthy diet as they supply the body with essential supplements. the consumption of raw vegetables is the main way for transmission of intestinal parasitic organisms. this study was aimed at detecting the parasitic contamination in fresh vegetables sold in two central open-aired markets in khartoum state, sudan. | 2016 | 26968696 |