| [prognostic factors of mortality during the episode of pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii in patients with hiv infection]. | despite a steady decrease in its incidence, pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii (pcp) are still diagnosed, and they occur frequently in patients unaware of being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). since it is a disease with a high mortality risk, its early diagnosis and therapy would allow these patients to benefit from the advantages afforded pneumocystis carinii, neumonía, infecciones oportunistas relacionadas con el sida, pronóstico.by anti-retroviral therapy. | 2002 | 12199990 |
| antibiotic use in infants hospitalised with hiv-related pneumonia in harare, zimbabwe. | to describe the clinical features of infants admitted with hiv-related pneumonia and to describe antibiotic use in relation to recommended treatment guidelines. | 2001 | 12201021 |
| noninvasive ventilation for treating acute respiratory failure in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to compare noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (nppv) vs. invasive mechanical ventilation in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp)-related acute respiratory failure (arf). | 2002 | 12209270 |
| nonneutropenic febrile episodes associated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy in patients with solid tumors. | docetaxel is associated with severe lymphopenia and increased incidence of nonneutropenic infection. this study investigated the incidence of nonneutropenic infections and/or febrile episodes in patients with solid tumors receiving frontline docetaxel-based chemotherapy. | 2002 | 12216102 |
| the role of person-to-person transmission in an epidemiologic study of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | recent laboratory studies suggest that may be transmitted from person-to-person. recent exposure to persons with pneumonia (pcp) among hiv-infected persons with and without pcp was assessed to evaluate the person-to-person transmission hypothesis. | 2002 | 12218395 |
| aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after allogeneic marrow transplantation. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) poses a serious risk to allogeneic bone marrow transplant (bmt) patients, who are often intolerant of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), the traditional first-line prophylactic agents. there are limited published data supporting the use of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) prophylaxis in the bmt population. we assessed the effectiveness of ap in bmt recipients by reviewing the experience at our center. we divided our review into four time periods from januar ... | 2002 | 12220242 |
| the changing pattern of bronchoscopy in an hiv-infected population. | s: little information exists on the impact of antiretroviral therapies (arts) on hiv-related bronchoscopic activity. this study was performed to identify any changes to our pattern of use of bronchoscopy over the last decade, and how this might relate to the introduction of more effective arts to our center in 1996. | 2002 | 12226027 |
| clinical presentation of pulmonary mycetoma in hiv-infected patients. | s: although pulmonary mycetoma has been well-described in immunocompetent hosts, the only description in hiv-infected patients has been of 10 patients from our institution, from 1992 to 1995. to further investigate the impact of hiv status on the presentation and course of pulmonary mycetoma, we conducted a follow-up study. | 2002 | 12226028 |
| alemtuzumab in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients who also had received fludarabine. | this phase ii pilot study determined the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab (campath-1h; burroughs wellcome, united kingdom) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll), all of whom had previously received fludarabine and other chemotherapy regimens. | 2002 | 12228210 |
| tuberculosis in children dying with hiv-related lung disease: clinical-pathological correlations. | chris hani baragwanath hospital, soweto, south africa. | 2002 | 12234136 |
| united states aids activity. | the tables in this report present data on cases reported to the centers for disease control by may 26, 1986, of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). as of that date, a total of 21,065 cases (20,771 involving adults and 294 involving children under 18 years of age) had been reported. 11,541 (55%) of aids victims have died. the majority of cases in both the adult and pediatric populations have involved pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without kaposi's sarcoma. 47% of aids cases have occurr ... | 1986 | 12267771 |
| aids epidemic sparks campaign to encourage condom use. | the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is fueling a campaign that encourages use of the condom to combat the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. condom use is being advocated even when one partner is practicing another form of contraception. the threat of aids has spread beyond the original risk groups -- homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous drug users, and transfusion recipients -- to include heterosexual men and women. researchers from the centers for disease control said a ... | 1985 | 12280299 |
| the global aids situation -- updated, june 1990. | the global aids and hiv situation, in terms of prevalence, by region and sex, means of transmission, progress in treatment, and the tasks undertaken by the who global programme on aids are summarized as of june 1990. over 250,000 cases of aids had been reported to who from over 150 countries by mid-1990. because of under-reporting who estimates that actually 700,000 cases of aids exist. who predicts 1 million cases by 2000. 6-8 million persons with hiv are estimated, and 15-20 million are pr ... | 1990 | 12283394 |
| diagnosing symptomatic hiv infection and aids in adults. | the us centers for disease control in 1982 listed conditions and infections then associated with aids. that case definition, used as a model for many countries, was designed primarily for epidemiologic surveillance and now includes more than 20 conditions. the definition, however, requires diagnostic and laboratory technologies which are not always available in developing countries. the world health organization (who) therefore published the bangui definition in 1985 which uses clinical crite ... | 1993 | 12288934 |
| [characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus infection in the san juan de dios general hospital]. | a prospective clinical study was conducted between january 1991 and june 1992 of 92 hiv seropositive patients attending the adult outpatient clinic of the san juan de dios general hospital in guatemala city. 52 of the patients met the us centers for disease control clinical criteria for aids. limitations in the diagnostic and laboratory facilities of the hospital hampered identification of some opportunistic infections. 74 of the 92 patients were male. 3 of the 18 infected women gave birth du ... | 1992 | 12290621 |
| managing illness. | although most infants infected with hiv manifest no symptoms of their infected status at birth, hiv-infected children usually develop clinical signs of hiv/aids much sooner after infection than do adults. a small percentage of children manifest no signs of hiv infection until reaching age 10 years or older. more than half of all hiv-infected children live for more than 5 years. it is extremely important that hiv-infected children lead normal lives, being allowed to play with friends, go to sc ... | 1998 | 12294836 |
| 20 years, 20 articles: studies to know. | this article presents a compilation of top researches conducted during the past 2 decades by the contraceptive technology update. the following lists offer a brief insight into the breadth of research available to family planners: 1) the multicenter study of the lactational amenorrhea method to test its acceptability and efficacy as an introductory postpartum method; 2) the multinational study of breast cancer and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (dmpa) confirmed the decrease in risk of having ... | 2000 | 12295509 |
| who / unaids hail consensus on cotrimoxazole use for prevention of hiv related infections in africa. | this article reports on the recommendation of the who/joint un program on aids/hiv to promote the use of cotrimoxazole for the prevention of hiv-related infections in africa. several arguments have been raised since the recommendation for its use. controversies lie in its efficacy in treating opportunistic infections despite its use for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. researchers, however, argue that the drug is effective in preventing certain kinds of bacterial pneumonia and diarrheal diseases ... | 2000 | 12295853 |
| [aids complicated by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: report of 20 cases]. | to report our experience in diagnosis and treatment of aids complicated by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and explore the relations between preventive medication and occurrence as well as recurrence of pcp. | 2002 | 12297457 |
| proliferative interstitial pneumonia, pneumocystis carinii infection, and immunodeficiency in an adult paso fino horse. | | 2002 | 12322715 |
| aids and africa. | this article describes the aids situation in africa and pinpoints the differences, so far as they are known, between that continent and the us and europe. there is currently evidence of infection in up to 15% of the general urban population of some african countries, although it is impossible to estimate the total number of cases. among san francisco homosexuals who are sero-positive, about 1/3 are expected to develop aids within 5 years; among infected newborns the development of aids is even ... | 1987 | 12340978 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in critically ill patients with malignancy: a descriptive study. | there are few data on pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in critically ill human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative patients. improved knowledge of the presenting symptoms of and prognostic factors for pcp may help to reduce the high mortality rate associated with pcp in such patients. we retrospectively studied 39 consecutive patients with acute pcp-related respiratory failure and malignancy who were treated at 2 intensive care units (icus) during a 10-year period. univariate logistic regr ... | 2002 | 12355379 |
| presenting syndromes of human immunodeficiency virus. | over the past 2 decades, numerous changes have occurred in the demographics and clinical course of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. since the initial reports of mucosal candidiasis, severe weight loss, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as presenting manifestations of the late stages of immunodeficiency, clinicians have recognized a wide spectrum of manifestations associated with hiv disease. the original reports of severe immunodeficiency were simply the "tip of the iceberg." a ... | 2002 | 12374253 |
| local delivery of the viral interleukin-10 gene suppresses tissue inflammation in murine pneumocystis carinii infection. | the relationship between tissue inflammation and clearance of the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii is poorly understood. we asked whether the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (il-10) is released during the host response to infection with p. carinii and whether local delivery of the il-10 gene could suppress tissue inflammatory responses without compromising clearance of infection. control and cd4-depleted mice were inoculated with p. carinii, and at serial intervals after ino ... | 2002 | 12379687 |
| fatal sepsis in an aids patient during therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the case of a patient with a newly diagnosed hiv infection and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is presented. despite treatment with high-dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) and prednisone with initial improvement, the patient acutely deteriorated with severe acidosis and died on the 4th day of hospitalization. cryptococcus neoformans grew the next day in broncheoalveolar lavage (bal) and blood culture. as simultaneous presence of more than one opportunistic infection can occur in these p ... | 2002 | 12382094 |
| lung diseases at necropsy in african children dying from respiratory illnesses: a descriptive necropsy study. | accurate information about specific causes of death in african children dying of respiratory illnesses is scarce, and can only be obtained by autopsy. we undertook a study of children who died from respiratory diseases at university teaching hospital, lusaka, zambia. | 2002 | 12383668 |
| ineffectiveness of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis and the importance of bacterial and viral coinfections in african children with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | african human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected children were evaluated to define the burden of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and its interaction with bacterial and viral pathogens. p. carinii was identified in 101 (43.7%) of 231 episodes of pneumonia among 185 hiv-1-infected children (median age, 4.5 months; range, 1.7-27.3 months). receipt of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) prophylaxis was not associated with a significant reduction (36%; 95% confidence interval [ci ... | 2002 | 12384847 |
| [adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma. clinical aspects]. | background data: adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atl) is a malignant proliferation of activated cd4+ t lymphocytes. the disease is almost exclusively found in patients living in retrovirus htlv-1 endemic areas. virology: in atl, monoclonal htlv-1 provirus is integrated into atypical lymphocytes, called clover-leaf lymphocytes. the pathogenic mechanism leading to htlv-1-induced leukemogenesis remains obscure. the disease generally occurs after a long latency period. four clinical subtypes: the di ... | 2001 | 12385062 |
| historical perspective on pneumocystis carinii infection. | | 2002 | 12389819 |
| granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating hematopoietic cell transplantation. | pneumocystis carinii pneunonia (pcp) is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical and histopathological presentations. while granulomatous pcp uncommonly occurs in aids patients, it is extremely rare in other non-aids immunocompromised patients. we identified three patients who developed granulomatous pcp after bone marrow or blood stem cell transplantation. in all cases, fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was non-diagnostic, and an open lung biopsy was required for diagnosis. ... | 2002 | 12389999 |
| establishment of rat model for pneumocystis carinii infection and cloning of the surface glycoprotein a gene of pneumocystis carinii. | to establish a rat model for pneumocystis carinii infection and to clone surface glycoprotein a (gpa) gene of pneumocystis carini. | 2002 | 12390704 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an infant with transient hypogammaglobulinaemia of infancy. | | 2002 | 12390932 |
| diagnosis of diffuse cd8+ lymphocytosis syndrome in hiv-infected patients. | the diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (dils) in hiv-infected persons is characterized by a persistent circulating cd8+ lymphocytosis. certain hiv-infected persons appear to respond to their infection by developing an oligoclonal expansion of cd8+ lymphocytes. these cells infiltrate multiple organs, but the salivary glands and the lung constitute the major sites involved in this process. this infiltrative process resembles in many aspects a sjögren-like syndrome, owing to the visceral l ... | 2002 | 12402804 |
| surveillance for aids-defining opportunistic illnesses, 1992-1997. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-defining opportunistic illnesses (ois) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). as a result of new treatments that reduce mortality for persons with aids, the number of persons living with aids is increasing, and the incidence of aids is decreasing. in 1997, an estimated 271,245 persons were living with aids in the united states and thus were at high risk for ois. in 1997, an estimated ... | 1999 | 12412613 |
| meta-analysis of diagnostic procedures for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-1-infected patients. | sputum induction is a simple and noninvasive procedure for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus-1-positive patients, although less sensitive than bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). in order to obtain an overview of the diagnostic accuracy of sputum induction, a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the comparative sensitivity and specificity of bal (the "gold standard") and sputum induction was performed. the odds ratio and related 95% conf ... | 2002 | 12412693 |
| aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with disappearance of cystic lesions after treatment. | a 21-year-old hemophiliac with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was admitted to our hospital because of bilateral pneumothoraces associated with pneumocysis carinii pneumonia (pcp). he underwent chest tube drainages and intravenous pentamidine therapy, resulting in clinical improvement. two months after treatment for pcp, cystic lesions that had existed before treatment disappeared on chest computed tomography. we concluded that pneumocystis carinii infection might be associated with ... | 2002 | 12413019 |
| pneumocystis carinii in a patient with hypercalcemia and renal failure secondary to sarcoidosis. | a case of severe dyspnea, hypercalcemia and renal failure secondary to sarcoidosis is reported. the clinical diagnosis of sarcoidosis in a 48-year-old man was confirmed by histology and cytology. transiently decreased numbers of cd4+ t cells (282/microliter) indicated impaired immunity in the absence of hiv-infection during the acute phase of the disease. surprisingly, numerous "trophozoites" of pneumocystis carinii were detected by immunofluorescence staining and pcr in the bronchoalveolar flui ... | 2002 | 12416284 |
| pneumocystis carinii cell wall beta-glucan induces release of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 from alveolar epithelial cells via a lactosylceramide-mediated mechanism. | infiltration of the lungs with neutrophils promotes respiratory failure during severe pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia. recent studies have shown that alveolar epithelial cells (aecs), in addition to promoting pc attachment, also participate in lung inflammation by the release of cytokines and chemokines. herein, we demonstrate that a pc beta-glucan rich cell wall isolate (pcbg) stimulates the release of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (mip-2) from isolated aecs through a lactosylceramide-d ... | 2003 | 12419803 |
| [the diagnostic value of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of pneumocystis carinii dna from induced sputum samples]. | to evaluate the diagnostic value of pcr for detection of pneumocystis carinii dna from induced sputum samples. | 2002 | 12421494 |
| [clinical characteristics and diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)]. | to explore the clinical characteristics and the diagnostic methods for pcp in patients with aids. | 2002 | 12425833 |
| inhibition by yeast killer toxin-like antibodies of oral streptococci adhesion to tooth surfaces in an ex vivo model. | monoclonal (ktmab) and recombinant (ktscfv) anti-idiotypic antibodies, representing the internal image of a yeast killer toxin, proved to be microbicidal in vitro against important eukaryotic and prokaryotic pathogens such as candida albicans, pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterium tuberculosis, staphylococcus aureus, s. haemolyticus, enterococcus faecalis, e. faecium, and streptococcus pneumoniae, including multidrug-resistant strains. ktmab and ktscfv exerted a strong therapeutic effect in well-e ... | 2002 | 12428062 |
| the role of caspofungin and the echinocandins in the antifungal armamentarium. | the echinocandins are a recently-developed class of antifungal agents that interfere with fungal cell wall synthesis through the inhibition of glucan synthesis. although several intravenous preparations are in various stages of development, caspofungin is the only currently approved agent and no oral echinocandin derivatives are presently available. caspofungin is approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients who are refractory to, or intolerant of, other antifungal therapies. ... | 2002 | 12431014 |
| sitamaquine (glaxosmithkline/walter reed army institute). | sitamaquine (wr-6026) is an orally active 8-aminoquinoline analog in development by the walter reed army institute, in collaboration with glaxosmithkline (formerly smithkline beecham), for the potential treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. phase iii trials for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis had been initiated by march 2002, at which time glaxosmithkline hoped to file an maa in 2003. by 1999, the compound had also undergone phase i trials in hiv-infected individuals for the treatment of ... | 2002 | 12431016 |
| serum immunoglobulin e levels in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with pneumonia. | elevated serum immunoglobulin e (ige) levels have been reported in association with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in adults, but there is little information in children. the aim of the present study was to compare serum ige levels in hiv-positive and -negative children hospitalized with pneumonia in south africa and to investigate whether ige may be useful as a marker of specific infections or prognosis in hiv-infected children. history, examination, blood tests, and induced sputu ... | 2002 | 12431191 |
| effect of race and/or ethnicity in use of antiretrovirals and prophylaxis for opportunistic infection: a review of the literature. | the authors performed a systematic and critical review of published studies investigating potential associations between race and/or ethnicity and use of hiv-related medications, including antiretroviral medications and medications used for prophylaxis of opportunistic infections. | 2002 | 12432135 |
| [late infectious complications after high-dose therapy and autologous blood stem cell transplantation]. | only a few data on frequency and character of late infectious complications after high-dose therapy (hdt) and autologous blood stem cell transplantation (asct) have been published. this prospective study was carried out to identify potential predictive factors for late infections (occurring after discharge following hdt) and to clarify the usefulness of prophylactic measures. | 2002 | 12434273 |
| diagnosis of pulmonary pneumocystosis by microscopy on wet mount preparations. | we have compared the searching of the presence of "honeycomb" structures by direct microscopy on wet mount preparations with the direct immunofluorescence (dif) for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in 115 bronchoalveolar (bal) fluids. the samples belonged to 115 aids patients; 87 with presumptive diagnosis of pcp and 28 with presumptive diagnosis other than pcp. the obtained results were coincident in 114 out of 115 studied samples (27 were positive and 87 negative) with bot ... | 2002 | 12436169 |
| a standardized protocol for the treatment of severe pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients. | although the incidence of pneumonia after kidney transplantation is the lowest among all solid organ transplants, it is associated with high mortality rate (40-50%). we evaluated the efficacy of a protocol consisting of bronco-alveolar-lavage (bal) for early microbiological diagnosis, reduction of the immunosuppressive therapy, and prompt administration of standardized antibiotic regimen in renal transplant recipients with severe pneumonia. between 6/1989 and 5/1999, 40 kidney transplant recipie ... | 2002 | 12437626 |
| endoscopic diagnosis of biliary pneumocystis carinii. | | 2002 | 12447320 |
| analysis of variation in tandem repeats in the intron of the major surface glycoprotein expression site of the human form of pneumocystis carinii. | variation in the tandem repeats in the expression site of the human-derived pneumocystis carinii major surface glycoprotein gene was characterized by denaturing gel electrophoresis. the number of repeats in 147 isolates ranged from 2 to 6, with 2, 3, and 4 repeats being the most common. sequence analysis identified 3 types of repeat units that differed by 1 nucleotide, which suggests a hierarchy of evolution of human-derived p. carinii. examination of sequential samples obtained from 6 patients ... | 2002 | 12447742 |
| chronic plasma cell pneumonia in a patient with long-standing hiv infection. | chronic bibasilar alveolar infiltrates existed for more than 2 years in a 25-year-old woman infected with hiv for more than a decade. bronchoscopically, there were copious, purulent secretions that grew methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). transbronchial biopsy specimens demonstrated plasma cell interstitial pneumonia (pcip). focal, transient radiographic improvement occurred after antistaphylococcal antimicrobial therapy. with recurrent and progressive symptoms, sustained clinica ... | 2002 | 12449452 |
| early acquisition of pneumocystis carinii in neonatal rats as evidenced by pcr and oral swabs. | the complete life cycle of pneumocystis carinii has not been defined, but accumulating evidence suggests that the mammalian host may acquire this organism early in life. in the present study, the initial time of p. carinii acquisition was determined in rats by amplification of p. carinii dna in oral swabs from seven sets of pups and dams and from fetal tissue obtained by cesarean section of three gravid female rats. dna extracted from all samples was amplified by using pcr primers directed to th ... | 2002 | 12455989 |
| isolated pleural ptld after cardiac transplantation. | preamble: epstein-barr virus infection (ebv) and immunosuppression promote emergence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (ptld) in patients undergoing organ transplantation. | 2002 | 12459436 |
| surfactant improves oxygenation in infants and children with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. | pneumonia in childhood may be associated with surfactant dysfunction and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of surfactant treatment on oxygenation in 8 infants (age range: 1 mo to 13 y) with severe respiratory failure owing to viral, bacterial or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 2002 | 12463314 |
| synthesis of new 2,4-diaminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine and 2,4-diaminopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and mycobacterium avium dihydrofolate reductase. | a concise new route allowing easy access to five previously unreported 2,4-diamino-6-(substituted benzyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines (2a-e) was developed, involving condensation of 2,4-dipivaloylamino-5-bromopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (6) with an organozinc halide in the presence of a catalytic amount of [1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(ii).ch(2)cl(2), followed by removal of the pivaloyl groups with base. also prepared via a scheme based on the taylor ring expansion/ring annulat ... | 2003 | 12467708 |
| lethal t cell immunodeficiency induced by chronic costimulation via cd27-cd70 interactions. | it has been proposed that hiv-1, in addition to directly infecting and killing cd4+ t cells, causes t cell dysfunction and t cell loss by chronic immune activation. we analyzed the effects of chronic immune activation in mice that constitutively expressed cd70, the ligand for the tumor necrosis factor receptor family member cd27, on b cells. cd70 transgenic (cd70 tg) mice showed a progressive conversion of naive t cells into effector-memory cells, which culminated in the depletion of naive t cel ... | 2003 | 12469117 |
| evidence for the requirement of t cell costimulation in the pathogenesis of natural pneumocystis carinii pulmonary infection. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a frequent and serious opportunistic infection in immunocompromized patients. although the pathogenesis of pcp-mediated lung injury is poorly understood, a central involvement of host inflammatory responses has been implicated. we have found that while the loss of specific t cell costimulatory signals increases susceptibility to the spontaneous pneumocystis infection, pcp-induced pulmonary injury (and subsequent morbidity and mortality) involves other inta ... | 2002 | 12473434 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)]. | the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) may rise due to a more extensive use of immunosuppressive therapy. information and guidelines in the last decade regarding prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease were based upon data collected in patients with acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (aids). however, scientific data regarding risk factors, clinical manifestations and treatment of pcp in patients without aids is accumulating. the major risk factors for acquiring pcp are ... | 2002 | 12476635 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with stage iv ovarian cancer. | immunocompromised persons are considered to be at risk of developing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, although the incidence of this condition is much lower compared to the human immunodeficiency virus-positive group. it is important to identify specific individuals at high clinical risk to guide the chemoprophylaxis of p. carinii pneumonia. | 2002 | 12477458 |
| improved survival with highly active antiretroviral therapy in hiv-infected patients with severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | although the incidence of pneumonia (pcp) has declined, mortality of patients who require intensive care for this disease remains high. highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) might alter the course of pcp either via effects on the immune system or through anti- actions; however, haart has not been studied in patients acutely ill with pcp. | 2003 | 12478071 |
| discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis and the risk of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 2003 | 12478087 |
| ribozyme-catalyzed excision of targeted sequences from within rnas. | we demonstrate that a group i intron-derived ribozyme from the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii can bind an rna in trans and excise from within it an internal segment, resulting in the splicing of the remaining ends of the rna back together (the trans excision-splicing reaction). the reaction is intramolecular with regard to substrate. the ribozyme targets its substrate by base pairing with two or three noncontiguous regions on the substrate, and the reaction occurs through a nucleoti ... | 2002 | 12484771 |
| rituximab for refractory childhood autoimmune hemolytic anemia. | chronic childhood autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an uncommon disorder that is associated with significant morbidity. treatment with high dose steroids, splenectomy and frequent blood transfusions results in a myriad of complications including growth failure, bone demineralization, cushing's syndrome, immunosuppression, and transfusional hemosiderosis. | 2002 | 12489491 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients in the developing world who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we review pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients in the developing world (i.e., africa, asia, the philippines, and central and south america) who have acquired immunodeficiency disease (aids). during the first decade of the aids pandemic, pcp rarely occurred in african adults. more recent reports have noted that pcp comprises a significantly greater percentage of cases of pneumonia than it did in the past. this trend dramatically contrasts with that observed in industrialized nations, ... | 2003 | 12491205 |
| natural history of human immunodeficiency virus disease in southern india. | there are few reports of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection from asia. in a retrospective analysis of 594 patients (72.9% male; baseline cd4 cell count, 216 cells/microl) receiving care at yrg center for aids research and education, a tertiary hiv referral center in southern india, the mean duration of survival from serodiagnosis was 92 months. ninety-three percent of the patients acquired infection through heterosexual contact. the most common acquired immune de ... | 2003 | 12491206 |
| prevention of human immunodeficiency virus-related opportunistic infections in france: a cost-effectiveness analysis. | a simulation model of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease, which incorporated french data on the progression of hiv disease in the absence of antiretroviral therapy and on cost, was used to determine the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of different strategies for the prevention of opportunistic infections in french patients who receive highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). compared with use of no prophylaxis, use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) increased per-pers ... | 2003 | 12491207 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a previously healthy infant. | | 2002 | 12491228 |
| prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for hiv-exposed infants in africa. | | 2002 | 12493279 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an untreated hiv-infected patient. | | 2002 | 12494907 |
| diversity at the locus associated with transcription of a variable surface antigen of pneumocystis carinii as an index of population structure and dynamics in infected rats. | pneumocystis carinii expresses a surface glycoprotein called msg. different isoforms of msg are encoded by a gene family spread over at least 15 telomeric sites. only one locus, called ucs, supports the production of msg mrna. previous studies showed that p. carinii populations from individual rats exhibited high degrees of diversity with respect to the msg genes attached to the ucs locus. this diversity could have been generated primarily in the rats studied. alternatively, the rats may have be ... | 2003 | 12496148 |
| a single-copy gene encodes kex1, a serine endoprotease of pneumocystis jiroveci. | we have cloned and characterized the kex1 gene of pneumocystis jiroveci. unlike the case for pneumocystis carinii, in which the homologous prt-1 genes are multicopy, kex1 is a single-copy gene encoding a protein homologous to fungal serine endoproteases, which localize to the golgi apparatus. thus, substantial biological differences can be seen among pneumocystis species. | 2003 | 12496214 |
| bronchiolitis obliterans and lung transplantation: evidence for an infectious etiology. | bronchiolitis obliterans (ob) or bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (bos) remains a major hurdle in the long-term survival of lung transplant recipients. the pathogenesis of ob or bos remains to be fully discerned, but it is hypothesized that allogenic or nonallogenic insults result in the release of chemokines and t lymphocytes propagating the injury and ultimately recruiting fibroblasts culminating in intraluminal proliferation. infectious agents, with or without other exogenous factors, have b ... | 2002 | 12497548 |
| hiv, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and pneumothoraces. | | 2002 | 12497549 |
| aetiology and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia in children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit. | to determine the aetiological agents and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia (scap) in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (picu) at kalafong hospital, pretoria. | 2002 | 12506595 |
| utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in immunosuppressed patients. | to evaluate the utility of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in immunocompromised patients. | 2002 | 12516691 |
| pneumocystis jiroveci internal transcribed spacer types in patients colonized by the fungus and in patients with pneumocystosis from the same french geographic region. | pneumocystis jiroveci (human-derived pneumocystis) infections can display a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, of which pulmonary colonization with the fungus may represent an important part, occurring frequently in patients with various underlying diseases and presenting alternative diagnoses of acute pneumocystosis (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [pcp]). there are few data concerning the p. jiroveci genotypes involved in pulmonary colonization, whereas several genotypes responsible for ... | 2003 | 12517845 |
| il-10 modulates host responses and lung damage induced by pneumocystis carinii infection. | host responses to pneumocystis carinii infection mediate impairment of pulmonary function and contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumonia. il-10 is known to inhibit inflammation and reduce the severity of pathology caused by a number of infectious organisms. in the present studies, il-10-deficient (il-10 knockout (ko)) mice were infected with p. carinii to determine whether the severity of pathogenesis and the efficiency of clearance of the organisms could be altered in the absence of il-10. the ... | 2003 | 12517967 |
| pneumonia due to candida krusei. | a case of post-transplantation pneumonia due to candida krusei is reported. a 42-year-old man was admitted 28 days after heart transplantation with cough, pleuritic pain and fever. a chest computed tomograph showed multiple alveolar infiltrates bilaterally. he received broad-spectrum antibiotics, fluconazole for oral candidiasis, and cotrimoxazole for possible pneumocystis carinii. a short-lived period of improvement was followed by respiratory failure. cultures of bronchial washings grew c. kru ... | 2002 | 12519355 |
| [hiv screening in pregnancy--too many failures?]. | danish official guidelines recommend that women belonging to risk groups should be offered hiv testing during pregnancy. universal hiv testing during antenatal care is not required. we describe three infants with vertically acquired hiv infection born to mothers, who, despite belonging to high-risk groups (one from thailand, two from sub-saharan africa), had not been offered an hiv test during pregnancy. the infants, born within a one-year period, presented with aids-defining symptoms during the ... | 2002 | 12523030 |
| the first isolation of nocardia nova from an hiv-1 infected individual in japan. | nocardia species are opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised patients. we report a case of nocardia nova infection complicating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in an hiv-1 infected individual. a 27-year-old man with hemophilia a was admitted on october 17, 2000, with fever and dyspnea. cd4 cell counts were 5/microl on admission. prophylaxis against pcp was administered by inhalation of pentamidine isethionate because he was allergic to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (smz-tmp). he was di ... | 2002 | 12525899 |
| chronic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with extensive pneumatocele formation in a child with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | we describe a 12-year-old boy with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicated by extensive pneumatocele formation as the presenting manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. this report emphasizes the importance of considering pneumocystis carinii infection in the differential diagnosis of pneumonia associated with pneumatocele formation in children. | 2003 | 12526077 |
| risk for pneumocystis carinii transmission among patients with pneumonia: a molecular epidemiology study. | we report a molecular typing and epidemiologic analysis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) cases diagnosed in our geographic area from 1990 to 2000. our analysis suggests that transmission from patients with active pcp to susceptible persons caused only a few, if any, pcp cases in our setting. | 2003 | 12533297 |
| follicular bronchiolitis (fbb) associated with legionella pneumophilia infection. | an 8-month-old girl with respiratory distress and stridor was admitted to the authors' hospital. two days later, she died of respiratory insufficiency due to pneumonia. autopsy confirmed the presence of follicular bronchiolitis (fbb) in both lungs. after considering her clinical course, the authors focused on three pathogens: legionella pneumophilia, pneumocystis carinii, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. only legionella pneumophilia was detected by both immunohistochemistry and pcr. | 2002 | 12537768 |
| prediction of dihydrofolate reductase inhibition and selectivity using computational neural networks and linear discriminant analysis. | a data set of 345 dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors was used to build qsar models that correlate chemical structure and inhibition potency for three types of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr): rat liver (rl), pneumocystis carinii (pc), and toxoplasma gondii (tg). quantitative models were built using subsets of molecular structure descriptors being analyzed by computational neural networks. neural network models were able to accurately predict log ic(50) values for the three types of dhfr to within ... | 2003 | 12543137 |
| epidemiology and outcome of clostridium difficile infection and diarrhea in hiv infected inpatients. | clostridium difficile causes diarrhea in hiv infected patients but reports of prevalence, risk factors, and outcome vary. we studied the impact of c. difficile in 161 hiv infected inpatients admitted to cook county hospital. patients with c. difficile had more hospital admissions in the previous 6 months (p =.04), spent more days in the hospital in the previous 3 months (p =.02), more often had previously received h2 blockers or treatment for pneumocystis carinii (p <.05), and had a more frequen ... | 2002 | 12543536 |
| pathology and causes of death in a series of human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative pediatric referral hospital admissions in botswana. | little is known about causes of death among children seriously affected by the aids epidemic in southern african countries. | 2003 | 12544408 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pleurisy, platypnoea and orthodeoxia. | we present a patient who collapsed with chest pain and dyspnoea on a transatlantic flight. she was found to have pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and human immunodeficiency virus infection. platypnoea and orthodeoxia, which have not been previously reported in association with pcp, were major features of her illness. the pcp predominantly affected her lung bases and it is likely that gravity increased intrapulmonary blood flow through poorly ventilated lung bases with failure of pulmonary va ... | 2003 | 12554907 |
| occurrence of pneumocystis carinii in hiv-positive patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in ethiopia. | to investigate the prevalence of pneumocystis carinii in consecutive hiv-positive patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) attending a university hospital in ethiopia. | 2003 | 12556698 |
| regional and temporal changes in aids in europe before haart. | in a prospective observational study 4,485 patients from 46 clinical centres in 17 european countries were followed between april 1994 and november 1996. information on aids-defining events (ades) were collected together with basic demographic data, treatment history and laboratory results. the centres were divided into four geographical regions (north, central, south-west and south-east) so that it was possible to identify any existing regional differences in ades. the regional differences that ... | 2002 | 12558340 |
| the reliability of passively collected aids surveillance data in massachusetts. | to determine the reliability of demographic, clinical, and treatment information collected during routine aids surveillance. | 2003 | 12559668 |
| [immune response in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats]. | to study the inflammatory immune response to pneumocystis canii pneumonia(pcp) in rats induced by glucocorticoid(gc). | 2000 | 12567474 |
| the role of cd8+ t cells in the pathogenesis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mice depleted of cd4+ t cells. | to define the cell populations contributing to inflammation-associated respiratory impairment in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 2000 | 12567660 |
| [pathological charges induced by the growth of pneumocystis carinii in rat lungs]. | | 2000 | 12567674 |
| [preliminary observation on pneumocystis carinii infection in lung cancer patients]. | | 2002 | 12567983 |
| [susceptibility and immune responses to pneumocystis carinii infection in different strains of mice by contagious transmission]. | to explore the susceptibility of different strains of mice to p. carinii infection and the host immune response to the organism. | 2002 | 12568024 |
| [one case of pneumocystis carinii infection after renal transplantation]. | | 2002 | 12568025 |
| [pathological changes of diffuse pneumocystis carinii infection in the liver of an aids patient]. | to examine the pathological changes in the liver of an aids patient with complicated infection of pneumocystis carinii(pc). | 2001 | 12571974 |
| early-onset pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating norwood ii operation in a 3-month-old patient. | | 2002 | 12583383 |
| utility of high-resolution ct for management of diffuse lung disease: results of a survey of u.s. pulmonary physicians. | this study was performed to determine how u.s. pulmonologists rate the clinical contributions of high-resolution computed tomography (ct) in patients with diffuse lung disease, to ascertain how the technique affects management decisions, and to determine the effect of three physician characteristics on these attitudes. | 2003 | 12583568 |
| causes of lower respiratory infection in hiv-infected ugandan adults who are sputum afb smear-negative. | mulago national referral and teaching hospital. | 2003 | 12588011 |