| comparison of the levels of heat resistance of wild-type, cpe knockout, and cpe plasmid-cured clostridium perfringens type a strains. | an enterotoxin (cpe) plasmid was cured from a clostridium perfringens non-food-borne gastrointestinal disease (nfbgid) isolate, and the heat resistance levels of wild-type, cpe knockout, and cpe plasmid-cured strains were compared. our results demonstrated that (i) wild-type cpe has no influence in mediating high-level heat resistance in c. perfringens and (ii) the cpe plasmid does not confer heat sensitivity on nfbgid isolates. | 2005 | 16269817 |
| lung isolation in a child with unilateral necrotizing clostridium perfringens pneumonia. | to describe lung isolation and the selective application of continuous positive airway pressure using an endobronchial blocker in a patient with sickle cell disease and unilateral necrotizing clostridium perfringens pneumonia. | 2005 | 16276197 |
| role of tyrosine-57 and -65 in membrane-damaging and sphingomyelinase activities of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin. | clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin (370 residues) is a major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene. the toxin is composed of an n-terminal domain (1-250 residues) where lies the catalytic site and a c-terminal domain (251-370 residues), the ca(2+)-binding domain, responsible for binding to membranes. the role of tyr-57 and tyr-65 close to the catalytic pocket (site) in the n-domain was investigated. replacement of tyr-57 and -65 with alanine, leucine, or phenylalanine did not aff ... | 2006 | 16278077 |
| aerobic spore-forming bacteria for assessing quality of drinking water produced from surface water. | cryptosporidium and giardia represent a major microbiological issue for drinking water production from surface water. as their monitoring through a treatment process is rather tedious and as low-concentration goals should be reached for drinking water, aerobic spore-forming bacteria (asfb) have been studied as an indicator microorganism for a drinking water treatment plant using surface water. the results reveal that monitoring naturally occurring asfb better highlights daily achievable performa ... | 2005 | 16280148 |
| live attenuated vaccine-based control of necrotic enteritis of broiler chickens. | a vaccine for necrotic enteritis (ne) of chickens would reduce the current need to prevent or treat the disease in broiler chickens with antimicrobial drugs. the objective of this study was to understand aspects of immunity to the disease. the first experiment examined the virulence of six strains of clostridium perfringens isolated from cases of ne in broiler chickens. using a 5-day experimental oral infection of 2-week-old broiler chickens, four of the six strains were found to be virulent. pu ... | 2006 | 16289639 |
| antimicrobial resistance among clostridium perfringens isolated from various sources in thailand. | antimicrobial resistance among clostnridium perfringens isolated from feces of humans and pigs, food and other environmental sources was examined by testing of 201 pcr-confirmed strains for resistance to 7 antimicrobial agents. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined by the agar dilution method. overall, c. perfringens showed the highest resistance to tetracycline (56.2%), followed by imipenem (24.9%), metronidazole (9.5%), penicillin g (9%), vancomycin (4.5%), chloramphenic ... | 2005 | 16295551 |
| transport of ms2 phage, escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, cryptosporidium parvum, and giardia intestinalis in a gravel and a sandy soil. | to define protection zones around groundwater abstraction wells and safe setback distances for artificial recharge systems in watertreatment, quantitative information is needed about the removal of microorganisms during soil passage. column experiments were conducted using natural soil and water from an infiltration site with fine sandy soil and a river bank infiltration site with gravel soil. the removal of phages, bacteria, bacterial spores, and protozoan (oo)-cysts was determined at two veloc ... | 2005 | 16295848 |
| clostridium perfringens enterotoxin damages the human intestine in vitro. | in vitro, clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) binds to human ileal epithelium and induces morphological damage concurrently with reduced short-circuit current, transepithelial resistance, and net water absorption. cpe also binds to the human colon in vitro but causes only slight morphological and transport changes that are not statistically significant. | 2005 | 16299340 |
| suppressive effect of clostridium perfringens-produced heat-stable substance(s) on proliferation of human colon adenocarcinoma ht29 cells in culture. | clostridium perfringens has been regarded as one of the intestinal bacteria increasing colon cancer risk. in previous studies, we have shown that the oral administration of c. perfringens culture medium can inhibit the mutagen-induced formation of pre-neoplastic lesions in rat colon, thus proposing the existence of factor(s) preventing colon tumorigenesis in this culture medium. however, the properties of effective factor(s) and the mechanism of this inhibitory action still remain to be investig ... | 2006 | 16300879 |
| detection and quantification of four species of the genus clostridium in infant feces. | to determine the composition of clostridium in the feces of infants approximately 30 days old, we have developed a detection and quantification method of clostridium paraputrificum, clostridium perfringens, clostridium tertium, and clostridium difficile by species-specific primers. c. perfringens and c. difficile were detected in four fecal samples from 22 infants (18.2%), whereas c. paraputrificum was detected in three samples (16.7%). c. tertium was detected in two samples (9.1%). moreover, th ... | 2005 | 16301809 |
| spontaneous, nontraumatic gas gangrene due to clostridium perfringens. | | 2006 | 16310394 |
| the in-vitro activity of three long-acting cephalosporins against bacteroides fragilis, peptostreptococcus species and clostridium perfringens. | | 1989 | 16312326 |
| a-16686, a new glycopeptide: in vitro evaluation in comparison with other antibiotics. | | 1989 | 16312374 |
| lysosomal sialidase (neuraminidase-1) is targeted to the cell surface in a multiprotein complex that facilitates elastic fiber assembly. | we have established previously that the 67-kda elastin-binding protein (ebp), identical to the spliced variant of beta-galactosidase, acts as a recyclable chaperone that facilitates secretion of tropoelastin. (hinek, a., keeley, f. w., and callahan, j. w. (1995) exp. cell res. 220, 312-324). we now demonstrate that ebp also forms a cell surface-targeted molecular complex with protective protein/cathepsin a and sialidase (neuraminidase-1), and provide evidence that this sialidase activity is a pr ... | 2006 | 16314420 |
| [uterine gas gangrene through clostridium perfringens sepsis after uterus rupture postpartum]. | anaerobic infections with clostridium perfringens (cp) occur rarely but are associated with considerable maternal mortality. we report the case of a patient who developed uterine gas gangrene postpartum and discuss the management of this infection. a 28-year-old patient, gii, pii with history of caesarean in 2002, delivered a healthy girl per vacuum extraction. postpartally she presented with an acute abdomen and a laparotomy was performed. the uterotomy suture was intact but a parametrane tear ... | 2005 | 16317627 |
| influence of supplemental high molecular weight pullulan or gamma-cyclodextrin on ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility, fecal characteristics, and microbial populations in the dog. | this study was conducted to determine if supplemental pullulan and gamma-cyclodextrin affect canine nutrient digestibility, microbial populations, and fecal characteristics. ileal cannulated dogs were fed a commercial diet, and treatments were administered daily in a 5 x 5 latin square design: (i) no supplement; (ii) 2 g pullulan; (iii) 4 g pullulan; (iv) 2 g gamma-cyclodextrin; (v) 4 g gamma-cyclodextrin. ileal and fecal samples were collected the last 4 d of each 14-d period. increasing pullul ... | 2005 | 16320814 |
| relative value of surrogate indicators for detecting pathogens in lakes and reservoirs. | this study investigated the relative behavior of pathogens, fecal indicator organisms, and particles of varying size during transport through a reservoir following a storm event inflow in myponga reservoir, south australia. during the inflow, samples were collected from the river and at various locations within the reservoir to determine the fate and transport of microroganisms as they progressed through the water body. microbiological analysis included the indicator organisms escherichia coli, ... | 2005 | 16323754 |
| determination of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in canine clostridium perfringens isolates. | clostridium perfringens is a well documented cause of a mild self-limiting diarrhea and a potentially fatal acute hemorrhagic diarrheal syndrome in the dog. a recent study documented that 21% of canine c. perfringens isolates had mic's indicative of resistance to tetracycline, an antimicrobial commonly recommended for treatment of c. perfringens-associated diarrhea. the objective of the present study was to further evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of these isolates by determini ... | 2006 | 16330169 |
| molecular characterization of clostridium perfringens isolates from humans with sporadic diarrhea: evidence for transcriptional regulation of the beta2-toxin-encoding gene. | clostridium perfringens type a food poisoning is caused by c. perfringens isolates carrying a chromosomal enterotoxin gene (cpe), while non-food-borne gastrointestinal (gi) diseases, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) and sporadic diarrhea (sd), are caused by c. perfringens plasmid cpe isolates. a recent study reported the association of beta2 toxin (cpb2) with human gi diseases, and particularly aad/sd, by demonstrating that a large percentage of aad/sd isolates, in contrast to a smal ... | 2005 | 16332823 |
| quality assessment of composts in the greek market: the need for standards and quality assurance. | an extensive data survey and study of the greek market for composts or products marketed as such was carried out in order to acquire a comprehensive image of the local situation, in view of the proposed operation of large municipal solid waste (msw) composting facilities and eu legislation changes. physical and chemical parameters (moisture, organic matter, electrical conductivity, ph and heavy metals), stability indicators (self-heating potential, germination index) and biological indicators (m ... | 2006 | 16337077 |
| molecular and phenotypical characterization of clostridium perfringens isolates from poultry flocks with different disease status. | due to the diminished use of growth-promoting antibiotics in the european union, clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis and subclinical disease have become important threats to poultry health. a study was set up to genotypically and phenotypically characterise c. perfringens isolates from poultry flocks with different health status. animals from healthy flocks were sampled by cloacal swabs, while intestinal and liver samples of animals suffering from necrotic enteritis were analysed. ... | 2006 | 16337097 |
| enzymatic production of ceramide from sphingomyelin. | due to its major role in maintaining the water-retaining properties of the epidermis, ceramide is of great commercial potentials in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries such as in hair and skin care products. chemical synthesis of ceramide is a costly process, and developments of alternative cost-efficient production methods are of great interest. present study was the first attempt to perform a systematic study on the production of ceramide through enzymatic hydrolysis of sphingomyelin. sphin ... | 2006 | 16337303 |
| responses of broiler chickens orally challenged with clostridium perfringens isolated from field cases of necrotic enteritis. | the present study examines the responses of broiler chickens to oral administration of clostridium perfringens freshly isolated from field cases of necrotic enteritis (ne). the challenge studies included long-term exposure and short-term exposure, factored in with dietary and management variables including high levels of dietary components such as fish meal, meat meal, abrupt change of feed, and fasting. in the long-term exposure trials, the birds were orally inoculated daily, with 1 ml (1.0 or ... | 2006 | 16337982 |
| [bacterial 16s rdna sequence analysis of siberian tiger faecal flora]. | bacterial 16s rdna library of siberian tiger was developed and 15 different clones were obtained using ecor i and hind iii in restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. dna sequencing and similarity analysis showed that 10 clones matched corresponding clostridium sequences, of which 6 sequences had over 99% similarity with clostridium novyi type a, and 4 sequences had 97% similarity with swine manure bacterium rt-18b, which identified as peptostreptococcus spp. the other five 16s rdna se ... | 2005 | 16342753 |
| comparative study of two methods for detection of clostridium perfringens in ground beef. | the tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar pour plate method was superior to selective enrichment in liquid sulfite medium for isolation of small numbers of clostridium perfringens from frozen ground beef. | 1977 | 16345236 |
| induction and purification of endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from arthrobacter protophormiae grown in ovalbumin. | arthrobacter protophormiae produced a high level of extracellular endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase when cells were grown in a medium containing ovalbumin. the enzyme was induced by the glycopeptide fraction of ovalbumin prepared by pronase digestion. production of the enzyme was also induced by glycoproteins such as yeast invertase and bovine ribonuclease b but not by monosaccharides such as mannose, n-acetylglucosamine, and galactose. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity as demonstrated by p ... | 1989 | 16348072 |
| benthic distribution of sewage sludge indicated by clostridium perfringens at a deep-ocean dump site. | clostridium perfringens in sediment samples collected at the deep water municipal sewage sludge disposal site (also called the 106-mile site), off the coast of new jersey, was enumerated. the counts of c. perfringens found in sediment samples collected within and to the southwest of the 106-mile site were significantly elevated (p < 0.01) compared with counts of samples from reference stations of similar depth (2,400 to 2,700 m), topography, and distance from the continental shelf, indicating th ... | 1993 | 16348859 |
| near-bottom pelagic bacteria at a deep-water sewage sludge disposal site. | the epibenthic bacterial community at deep-ocean sewage sludge disposal site dwd-106, located approximately 106 miles (ca. 196 km) off the coast of new jersey, was assessed for changes associated with the introduction of large amounts of sewage sludge. mixed cultures and bacterial isolates obtained from water overlying sediment core samples collected at the deep-water (2,500 m) municipal sewage disposal site were tested for the ability to grow under in situ conditions of temperature and pressure ... | 1993 | 16349073 |
| survival of clostridium perfringens during baking and holding of turkey stuffing. | vegetative cells of three strains of clostridium perfringens were used as inoculum for bread and onion stuffing for eight lightweight and eight heavyweight turkeys. when stuffed turkeys were refrigerated (5 +/- 1 c for 24 +/- 2 hr), a mean count of 580 vegetative cells of c. perfringens per gram of stuffing was reduced to undetectable levels (<6 per gram) in six of the eight. an inoculum of spores of the three strains used in a second series survived refrigerated holding with no change in number ... | 1966 | 16349696 |
| examination of feces from food handlers for salmonellae, shigellae, enteropathogenic escherichia coli, and clostridium perfringens. | duplicate fecal specimens from food handlers were collected in louisiana. one set of specimens was examined immediately for salmonellae and shigellae by the central laboratory of the louisiana state board of health in new orleans; the other set was shipped to the food microbiology unit at the robert a. taft sanitary engineering center in cincinnati, ohio, where it was examined for enteropathogenic escherichia coli (eec) and clostridium perfringens. a total of 219 specimens were examined by both ... | 1966 | 16349698 |
| new quantitative, qualitative, and confirmatory media for rapid analysis of food for clostridium perfringens. | [this corrects the article on p. 501 in vol. 21.]. | 1971 | 16349911 |
| predictive model for clostridium perfringens growth in roast beef during cooling and inhibition of spore germination and outgrowth by organic acid salts. | spores of foodborne pathogens can survive traditional thermal processing schedules used in the manufacturing of processed meat products. heat-activated spores can germinate and grow to hazardous levels when these products are improperly chilled. germination and outgrowth of clostridium perfringens spores in roast beef during chilling was studied following simulated cooling schedules normally used in the processed-meat industry. inhibitory effects of organic acid salts on germination and outgrowt ... | 2005 | 16355831 |
| development of a cell culture assay for the quantitative determination of vaccination-induced antibodies in rabbit sera against clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin and clostridium novyi alpha toxin. | cell culture assays are possible alternatives to replace in vivo neutralization tests currently required for potency testing of clostridial vaccines. cell culture assays based on the mdck cell line and the vero cell line which are sensitive to the clostridium (c.) perfringens type d epsilon toxin and clostridium novyi type b alpha toxin, respectively, were developed, and the test conditions were standardized. the antibody titres of vaccinated rabbits measured in vitro were compared with the resu ... | 2006 | 16361070 |
| antibody responses of mares to prepartum vaccination with clostridium perfringens bacterin and beta2 toxin. | | 2005 | 16361475 |
| radiofrequency ablation of a liver metastasis complicated by extensive liver necrosis and sepsis caused by gas gangrene. | | 2006 | 16364726 |
| evaluation of different methods for nucleic acids quantification. | | 2005 | 16366283 |
| [symptoms of food-borne diseases and gastroenteritis in kyushu, japan]. | in this study we analyzed the symptoms of gastroenteritis or food-borne disease caused by the 10 most prevalent pathogens: norovirus, salmonella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), shigella sonnei/flexneri (shigella), staphylococcus aureus, and emetic-type bacillus cereus. the symptoms diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and headache, and the incubation period in 646 cases i ... | 2005 | 16366357 |
| laboratory evaluation of thermophilic-anaerobic digestion to produce class a biosolids. 2. inactivation of pathogens and indicator organisms in a continuous-flow reactor followed by batch treatment. | thermophilic-anaerobic digestion in a single-stage, mixed, continuous-flow reactor is not approved in the united states as a process capable of producing class a biosolids for land application. this study was designed to evaluate the inactivation of pathogens and indicator organisms in such a reactor followed by batch treatment in a smaller reactor. the combined process was evaluated at 53 degrees c with sludges from three different sources and at 51 and 55 degrees c with sludge from one of the ... | 2005 | 16381150 |
| a case of emphysematous cholecystitis managed by laparoscopic surgery. | emphysematous cholecystitis is a rare condition caused by ischemia of the gallbladder wall with secondary gas-producing bacterial proliferation. the pathophysiology and epidemiology of this condition differ from that in gallstone-related acute cholecystitis. this report illustrates a case of emphysematous cholecystitis successfully treated by laparoscopic surgery. | 2005 | 16381372 |
| oligomerization of clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin is dependent upon membrane fluidity in liposomes. | clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin binds to receptors on mdck cells and forms a heptamer in membranes. the mechanism behind the oligomerization of epsilon-toxin was studied using carboxyfluorescein (cf)-loaded liposomes composed of various phosphatidylcholines (pcs). the toxin caused cf to leak from liposomes in a dose-dependent manner. the toxin-induced leakage of cf, binding of the toxin to liposomes, and formation of a functional oligomer increased as the phase-transition temperature (tm) ... | 2006 | 16388606 |
| diarrhea in american infants and young children in the community setting: incidence, clinical presentation and microbiology. | the characteristics and microbiology of the full spectrum of pediatric diarrhea occurring in the u.s. community setting are not well-understood. | 2006 | 16395094 |
| survival of clostridium perfringens during simulated transport and stability of some plasmid-borne toxin genes under aerobic conditions. | clostridium perfringens is a pathogen of great concern in veterinary medicine, because it causes enteric diseases and different types of toxaemias in domesticated animals. it is important that bacteria in tissue samples, which have been collected in the field, survive and for the classification of c. perfringens into the correct toxin group, it is crucial that plasmid-borne genes are not lost during transportation or in the diagnostic laboratory. the objectives of this study were to investigate ... | 2005 | 16398335 |
| ulcerative enteritis (quail disease) in lories. | ulcerative enteritis is found in a wide range of avian hosts but has not been described in psittacine birds. this case report describes ulcerative enteritis in four lories (two trichoglossus sp. and two eos sp.) that were found dead without any previous sign of disease. macroscopically, all four birds showed good body condition. the only remarkable finding was a moderate dilatation of the small intestine with the presence of multiple yellow foci. histologically, multiple ulcers extended into the ... | 2005 | 16405008 |
| antibiotic-associated diarrhoea: an overlooked aetiology? | sixty-three faeces samples from hospital in-patients with probable antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) are investigated. all samples are examined for routine bacterial enteric pathogens, pus cells, red blood cells and parasites. the samples are also screened for clostridium difficile cytotoxin b (cdt), c. perfringens enterotoxin and candida spp. (by microscopy and quantitative culture). faecal samples from two control groups (healthy volunteers and community samples from gp patients) are also ... | 2005 | 16411375 |
| [acquisition and evolution of virulence gene systems in pathogenic bacteria]. | | 2005 | 16411452 |
| influence of four retail food service cooling methods on the behavior of clostridium perfringens atcc 10388 in turkey roasts following heating to an internal temperature of 74 degrees c. | the influence of four food service cooling methods (cm) on growth of clostridium perfringens atcc 10388 in cooked turkey roasts was evaluated. raw whole turkey roasts were inoculated with c. perfringens spores (approximately 4.23 log cfu per roast), vacuum packaged, and heated to an internal temperature of 74 degrees c. the cooked roasts were cooled as follows: whole roast cut into four quarters and held at 4 degrees c (cm1); whole roast held in a blast chiller (cm2); whole roast loosely wrapped ... | 2006 | 16416908 |
| fecal contamination of agricultural soils before and after hurricane-associated flooding in north carolina. | hurricane floyd and other storms in 1999 caused widespread and extensive flooding of eastern north carolina and environmental contamination with fecal wastes from municipal wastewater and livestock operations. because wastewater contains high levels of pathogenic micro-organisms, principal health risks to humans from flooding are consumption of crops grown in fecally contaminated soil and ingestion of contaminated water. flood waters polluted with microbial and other contaminants also may be det ... | 2006 | 16423723 |
| salmonella enterica spvb adp-ribosylates actin at position arginine-177-characterization of the catalytic domain within the spvb protein and a comparison to binary clostridial actin-adp-ribosylating toxins. | the spvb protein from salmonella enterica was recently discovered as an actin-adp-ribosylating toxin. spvb is most likely delivered via a type-iii secretion system into eukaryotic cells and does not have a binding/translocation component. this is in contrast to the family of binary actin-adp-ribosylating toxins from various bacillus and clostridium species. however, there are homologies in amino acid sequences between the c-terminal domain of spvb and the catalytic domains of the actin-adp-ribos ... | 2006 | 16430223 |
| the stability of micro-organisms preserved in lenticule discs, demonstrated by repeat sample distributions of the equal scheme for indicator organisms (water microbiology). | to demonstrate the stability of microorganisms preserved in lenticule discs, employed by the equal scheme for indicator organisms. | 2006 | 16430503 |
| in vitro fermentation of sugar beet arabinan and arabino-oligosaccharides by the human gut microflora. | to determine the fermentation profiles by human gut bacteria of arabino-oligosaccharides of varying degree of polymerization. | 2006 | 16430518 |
| the effect of hen-egg antibodies on clostridium perfringens colonization in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. | we evaluated the ability of hen-egg antibodies (hea) to reduce intestinal colonization by clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens. antibodies against c. perfringens or cholera toxin (negative control) were obtained from the eggs of laying hens hyperimmunized using a c. perfringens bacterin or cholera toxin. eggs were collected, pooled, and egg antibodies were concentrated by polyethylene-glycol precipitation. an initial experiment was conducted to determine the in vivo activity of the admini ... | 2006 | 16430980 |
| an enrichment broth culture-duplex pcr combination assay for the rapid detection of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens in fecal specimens. | an enrichment broth culture-duplex pcr combination assay was devised to identify clostridium perfringens directly from fecal samples. the method consists of a combination of short enrichment of samples in selective media, dna isolation, and performing duplex pcr using two pairs of primers which identify c. perfringens strains that harbor the virulence enterotoxin gene. comparison of two selective enrichment media and two incubation temperatures showed that the reinforced clostridial medium with ... | 2005 | 16438150 |
| fulminant liver failure due to clostridium perfringens sepsis 9 years after liver transplantation. | | 2006 | 16441368 |
| in vitro inhibitory effect of hen egg white lysozyme on clostridium perfringens type a associated with broiler necrotic enteritis and its alpha-toxin production. | clostridium perfringens type a causes both clinical and subclinical forms of necrotic enteritis in domestic avian species. in this study the inhibitory effect of hen egg white lysozyme on the vegetative form of cl. perfringens type a and the production of alpha-toxin in vitro was investigated. | 2006 | 16441378 |
| a randomized controlled trial assessing infectious disease risks from bathing in fresh recreational waters in relation to the concentration of escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci, clostridium perfringens, and somatic coliphages. | we performed epidemiologic studies at public freshwater bathing sites in germany to provide a better scientific basis for the definition of recreational water quality standards. a total of 2,196 participants were recruited from the local population and randomized into bathers and nonbathers. bathers were exposed for 10 min and had to immerse their head at least three times. water samples for microbiological analysis were collected at 20-min intervals. unbiased concentration-response effects with ... | 2006 | 16451859 |
| complete sequencing and diversity analysis of the enterotoxin-encoding plasmids in clostridium perfringens type a non-food-borne human gastrointestinal disease isolates. | enterotoxin-producing clostridium perfringens type a isolates are an important cause of food poisoning and non-food-borne human gastrointestinal diseases, e.g., sporadic diarrhea (spor) and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad). the enterotoxin gene (cpe) is usually chromosomal in food poisoning isolates but plasmid-borne in aad/spor isolates. previous studies determined that type a spor isolate f5603 has a plasmid (pcpf5603) carrying cpe, is1151, and the beta2 toxin gene (cpb2), while type a spo ... | 2006 | 16452442 |
| in search of pigbel: gone or just forgotten in the highlands of papua new guinea? | throughout the 1960s and 1970s, pigbel (enteritis necroticans) was the most common cause of death in children over the age of 1 year in hospitals in the highlands of papua new guinea (png). there has been recent widespread perception that after the successful vaccination program in the 1980s the disease virtually disappeared. a new vaccine is now available, but disease burden information is conflicting: despite almost no pigbel being reported from major hospitals there have been many reports of ... | 2003 | 16454395 |
| retroperitoneal gas gangrene after colonoscopic polypectomy without bowel perforation in an otherwise healthy individual: report of a case. | abdominal gas gangrene caused by clostridia species is rare and usually associated with organ perforation, immune suppression, or advanced malignoma. | 2006 | 16465554 |
| involvement of disulfide bonds and histidine 172 in a unique beta-sheet to alpha-helix transition of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein at the biomembrane interface. | human alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (agp), which is comprised of 183 amino acid residues and 5 carbohydrate chains, is a major plasma protein that binds to basic and neutral drugs as well as to steroid hormones. it has a beta-sheet-rich structure in aqueous solution. our previous findings suggest that agp forms an alpha-helix structure through an interaction with biomembranes. we report herein on a study of the mechanism of alpha-helix formation in agp using various modified agps. the disulfide red ... | 2006 | 16470806 |
| clostridial enteric infections in pigs. | clostridium perfringens types a and c and clostridium difficile are the principal enteric clostridial pathogens of swine. history, clinical signs of disease, and gross and microscopic findings form the basis for a presumptive diagnosis of c. perfringens type-c enteritis. confirmation is based on isolation of large numbers of type-c c. perfringens and/or detection of beta toxin in intestinal contents. diagnosis of c. perfringens type-a infection, however, remains controversial, mostly because the ... | 2005 | 16475510 |
| occurrence of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in retail prepackaged portions of marine fish in spain. | to survey the presence of indigenous and nonindigenous foodborne bacterial pathogens in displayed prepacked portions of fresh marine fish. | 2006 | 16478492 |
| dietary glycine concentration affects intestinal clostridium perfringens and lactobacilli populations in broiler chickens. | previous studies have reported that intestinal populations of clostridium perfringens, the causative agent of necrotic enteritis (ne), are correlated with diets high in glycine. to establish a direct causative link, 3 trials were conducted to examine the effect of dietary glycine levels on gut populations of c. perfringens, alpha-toxin production, and ne lesion scores in broiler chickens. in trials 1 and 2, 12 groups of 4 birds were fed 4 different ideal protein-balanced diets formulated to cont ... | 2005 | 16479944 |
| inactivation of the putative tetracycline resistance gene hp1165 in helicobacter pylori led to loss of inducible tetracycline resistance. | tetracycline has been used with other antibiotics in treatment of helicobacter pylori infection. however, tetracycline resistance has developed in h. pylori clinical isolates, rendering treatment failure. mutations in 16s rrna genes have been reported to mediate tetracycline resistance in some isolates. the diversity of tetracycline resistance cases suggests multiple genes are involved. hp1165, a putative tetracycline resistance gene in h. pylori 26695, displays 49.8% identity to the tetracyclin ... | 2006 | 16482431 |
| analysis of core housekeeping and virulence genes reveals cryptic lineages of clostridium perfringens that are associated with distinct disease presentations. | clostridium perfringens is an important human and animal pathogen that causes a number of diseases that vary in their etiology and severity. differences between strains regarding toxin gene composition and toxin production partly explain why some strains cause radically different diseases than others. however, they do not provide a complete explanation. the purpose of this study was to determine if there is a phylogenetic component that explains the variance in c. perfringens strain virulence by ... | 2006 | 16489222 |
| identification of bilirubin reduction products formed by clostridium perfringens isolated from human neonatal fecal flora. | urobilinoids belong to the heterogenous group of degradation products of bilirubin formed in the gastrointestinal tract by intestinal microflora. among them urobilinogen and stercobilinogen with their respective oxidation products, urobilin and stercobilin, are the most important compounds. the aim of present study was to analyze the products of bacterial reduction of bilirubin in more detail. the strain of clostridium perfringens isolated from neonatal stools, capable of reducing bilirubin, was ... | 2006 | 16504607 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in new zealand: 1999-2003. | routine susceptibility testing of all anaerobic organisms is not advocated, but it is useful for laboratories to test periodically for anaerobic organisms and provide local susceptibility data to guide therapy. this study reports the national trend of antibiotic susceptibility of clinically significant anaerobes in new zealand. | 2006 | 16507560 |
| cloning, recombinant production, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of a family 84 glycoside hydrolase from clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is a ubiquitous environmental organism that is capable of causing a variety of diseases in mammals, including gas gangrene and necrotic enteritis in humans. the activity of a secreted hyaluronidase, attributed to the nagh protein, contributes to the pathogenicity of this organism. the family 84 catalytic module of one of the three homologues of nagh found in c. perfringens (atcc 13124) has been cloned. the 69 kda catalytic module of nagj, here called gh84c, was overproduc ... | 2005 | 16511172 |
| association of genes encoding beta2 toxin and a collagen binding protein in clostridium perfringens isolates of porcine origin. | clostridium perfringens is a cause of economically significant enteritis in livestock. beta2 toxin, encoded by one of two cpb2 alleles, is implicated as a virulence factor in this disease. previous studies determined that the consensus cpb2 allele is preferentially associated with c. perfringens isolated from pigs. in c. perfringens strain 13, the consensus cpb2 allele is found on the plasmid pcp13, which also carries cna, encoding a putative collagen binding protein, cpcna. this protein was sho ... | 2006 | 16513295 |
| aqueous two-phase systems extraction of alpha-toxin from clostridium perfringens type a. | two sequential half-fraction designs were applied to studying the alpha-toxin partition produced by clostridium perfringens type a in aqueous two phase systems (atps), as a function of four factors: peg molar mass and concentration, phosphate concentration and ph. the highest purification factor, yield and partition coefficient results were obtained with peg 8000 (15%, w/w), phosphate at 20% (w/w) and ph 8.0. this system allows, in a single step, an alpha-toxin purification of 4.6-fold with fina ... | 2006 | 16513438 |
| marked spherocytosis in clostridal sepsis. | | 2006 | 16513538 |
| molecular subtyping of poultry-associated type a clostridium perfringens isolates by repetitive-element pcr. | clostridium perfringens strains (type a) isolated from an integrated poultry operation were subtyped using repetitive-element pcr with dt primers. isolates were obtained from fecal, egg shell, fluff, and carcass rinse samples as part of a previously reported temporally linked epidemiological survey. a total of 48 isolates of c. perfringens were obtained from different stages of the broiler chicken production chain from two separate breeder farms that supplied a single hatchery that in turn provi ... | 2006 | 16517895 |
| cloning of alpha-beta fusion gene from clostridium perfringens and its expression. | to study the cloning of alpha-beta fusion gene from clostridium perfringens and the immunogenicity of alpha-beta fusion expression. | 2006 | 16534876 |
| a method for purification of clostridium perfringens phospholipase c from recombinant bacillus subtilis cells. | we developed a method to purify clostridium perfringens phospholipase c from a culture of recombinant bacillus subtilis cells. this method consists of three purification steps, and it allowed us to obtain 6.2 mg of pure phospholipase c from 800 ml of culture. | 1995 | 16535170 |
| inactivation of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and clostridium perfringens spores by a mixed-oxidant disinfectant and by free chlorine. | volume 63, no. 4, p. 1600: the caption to table 2 should read as follows: "inactivation of clostridium perfringens spores by 5-mg/liter doses of mixed oxidants or free chlorine in buffer at ph 7 at 25(deg)c." [this corrects the article on p. 1598 in vol. 63.]. | 1997 | 16535745 |
| structural insights into the mechanism and inhibition of eukaryotic o-glcnac hydrolysis. | o-linked n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac) modification of specific serines/threonines on intracellular proteins in higher eukaryotes has been shown to directly regulate important processes such as the cell cycle, insulin sensitivity and transcription. the structure, molecular mechanisms of catalysis, protein substrate recognition/specificity of the eukaryotic o-glcnac transferase and hydrolase are largely unknown. here we describe the crystal structure, enzymology and in vitro activity on human su ... | 2006 | 16541109 |
| [microbial indicators and fresh water quality assessment]. | traditionally, the microbiological quality of waters has been measured by the analysis of indicator microorganisms. the article reviews the sanitary significance of traditional indicators of faecal contamination (total coliforms, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci) and points out their limits. for some characteristics escherichia coli may be considered a more useful indicator then faecal coliforms and recently it has been included in all recent laws regarding fresh, marine and drinking wat ... | 2005 | 16552126 |
| effect of intramuscular or intrahepatic injections of clostridium perfringens on rabbit serum lactate dehydrogenase. | serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity, ldh isoenzyme pattern, phospholipase c activity, phosphorous level, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte osmotic fragility were followed in rabbits after intramuscular (im) or intrahepatic (ih) injections of clostridium perfringens. on the first day after im injection, there was a drop in ldh activity; this was followed by an increase of ldh activity on the third and sixth day. on the seventh day, ldh activity began to decline, and by the ninth day it had almos ... | 1970 | 16557808 |
| mechanism of action of the enteropathogenic factor of clostridium perfringens type a. | cell extract of an enteropathogenic strain of clostridium perfringens type a was administered intravenously to lambs, rabbits, and guinea pigs. lambs developed transitory diarrhea, lacrimation, salivation, nasal discharge, lassitude, and dyspnea in 1 to 5 hr after inoculation. large doses of the inoculum caused rapid onset of the clinical signs and subsequent death. examination of dead animals revealed intensely hyperemic small intestinal mucosa and some congestion in the liver, lungs, spleen, a ... | 1971 | 16557924 |
| clostridium perfringens type a food poisoning i. response of the rabbit ileum as an indication of enteropathogenicity of strains of clostridium perfringens in monkeys. | diarrhea and vomiting have been experimentally produced in monkeys after oral challenge with viable cells or culture filtrates of certain strains of clostridium perfringens that previously had been shown to produce either fluid accumulation in the ligated ileum or overt diarrhea in the nonligated ileum of the rabbit, or both. strains (or their culture filtrates) which did not produce a response in the rabbit likewise produced no symptoms in monkeys. | 1971 | 16557936 |
| clostridium perfringens type a food poisoning ii. response of the rabbit ileum as an indication of enteropathogenicity of strains of clostridium perfringens in human beings. | the effect of feeding human beings individual strains of clostridium perfringens or culture filtrates thereof was examined. the strains selected for challenge included both those which had previously been shown to produce fluid accumulation in the ligated ileum or overt diarrhea when injected into the nonligated ileum of the rabbit, or had produced both, and those which did not regularly produce these responses. challenge doses prepared by allowing each strain to grow in beef stew for 3 hr at 46 ... | 1971 | 16557937 |
| intestinal strangulation in clostridium perfringens-monocontaminated rats. | ischemic and hemorrhagic strangulation of closed intestinal segments was studied in germ-free rats individually contaminated with one of seven separate strains of clostridium perfringens type a. the principal findings were that (i) the monocontaminated rats with ischemic or hemorrhagic intestinal strangulation died at the same rapid rate; (ii) intraintestinal blood did not augment the action of c. perfringens in the presence of ischemic strangulation; (iii) although some strains were more toxic ... | 1971 | 16557999 |
| in vivo effects of clostridium perfringens enteropathogenic factors on the rat ileum. | an experimental model was established using the terminal ileum of the rat for characterizing and studying the effects of crude cell-free extract from clostridium perfringens upon physiological and histological parameters involved in the transport process. further work was done with the model system using purified enterotoxin (protein) from the cell extract. using an in vivo perfusion technique it was found that crude extract induces a reversal of net transport, from absorption in controls to sec ... | 1974 | 16558104 |
| serological types of clostridium perfringens. | | 1940 | 16560361 |
| a chemical and immunological study of the capsular polysaccharide of clostridium perfringens. | | 1944 | 16560816 |
| human food poisoning due to growth of clostridium perfringens (c. welchii) in freshly cooked chicken: preliminary note. | | 1945 | 16560992 |
| the occurrence of vegetative cells of clostridium perfringens in soil. | | 1949 | 16561800 |
| mucopolysaccharides produced by a strain of clostridium perfringens. | izumi, kunihiko (kanazawa university, kanazawa, japan). mucopolysaccharides produced by a strain of clostridium perfringens. j. bacteriol. 83:956-959. 1962.-a new series of mucopolysaccharides was isolated from the culture medium of clostridium perfringens and partially purified by the use of a column of anion-exchange resin. a large part of the substance was composed of neutral sugars, amino sugars, uronic acids, and oligopeptides, suggesting a structure analogous to that of bacterial cell wall ... | 1962 | 16561945 |
| isolation of clostridium perfringens type d from a case of gas gangrene. | | 1965 | 16562090 |
| a case study of negative pressure wound therapy to manage acute necrotizing fasciitis. | acute necrotizing fasciitis is a devastating infectious process that requires immediate surgical debridement. intravenous antibiotic treatment, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and wound management are considered the standard of care. subsequent wound closure is achieved with split-thickness skin grafting, delayed surgical closure, or healing by secondary intention. when a patient refuses additional surgical treatment or is no longer a surgical candidate, as was the case with a patient who presented w ... | 2006 | 16565526 |
| clostridium septicum infections in children: a case report and review of the literature. | clostridium myonecrosis is a rare and deadly infection that progresses very rapidly; thus, prompt diagnosis and treatment is vital. in adults, clostridial myonecrosis used to be a well-known complication of war wounds. today, it is usually seen in settings of trauma, surgery, malignancy, skin infections/burns, and septic abortions. more recently, cases of nontraumatic or spontaneous clostridial myonecrosis have been reported in both adults and children. clostridium perfringens and clostridium se ... | 2006 | 16567392 |
| a "fishy" cough: hepatobronchial fistula due to a pyogenic liver abscess. | a hepatobronchial fistula is an anatomic communication between the liver parenchyma and the bronchial tree. major causes of such fistulae include inflammatory conditions resulting from obstruction of the biliary tract and infectious processes, such as pyogenic liver abscesses, amoebiasis, and hydatid cysts. we report a rare case of a patient (with a chronic, recurrent hepatic abscess) who suffered a persistent, productive cough resulting from a hepatobronchial fistula. | 2006 | 16582969 |
| clostridium perfringens phospholipase c-induced platelet/leukocyte interactions impede neutrophil diapedesis. | clostridium perfringens gas gangrene is a fulminant necrotizing infection in which inflammatory cells are notably absent from infected tissues but are often massed within adjacent vessels. it has been shown that c. perfringens phospholipase c (plc) stimulates formation of large intravascular platelet/leukocyte complexes and that plc-induced activation of platelet gpiibiiia plays a major role. in vivo, such aggregates contribute to microvascular thrombosis and ischaemic necrosis of tissue. howeve ... | 2006 | 16585634 |
| selection of potentially probiotic lactobacillus strains towards their inhibitory activity against poultry enteropathogenic bacteria. | lactobacilli were isolated from chicken gastrointestinal tract and examined for their potentially probiotic properties towards their inhibitory activity against poultry enteropathogenic bacteria. biochemical tests, its-pcr and cell wall protein analysis were used to characterize the lactobacillus isolates. the identification of isolated lactobacillus strains based on phenotypic properties was not always satisfactory. its-pcr together with protein profile were found to be helpful in strain identi ... | 2005 | 16599299 |
| evaluation of acid phosphatase as a confirmation test for clostridium perfringens isolated from water. | to evaluate testing for acid phosphatase as an alternative method for the confirmation of clostridium perfringens isolated from water. | 2006 | 16599998 |
| effects of a campylobacter jejuni infection on the development of the intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. | the effect of a campylobacter jejuni colonization on the development of the microflora of the cecum and the ileum of broiler chickens was studied using molecular methods. the infection did affect the development and complexity of the microbial communities of the ceca, but we found no permanent effect of a c. jejuni infection on the ileal microflora of the broilers. in addition, denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) profiles generated from cecal and ileal contents revealed several dgge b ... | 2006 | 16615340 |
| evaluation of an alternative method for the enumeration and confirmation of clostridium perfringens from treated and untreated sewages. | clostridium perfringens is recommended as a suitable indicator bacterium for human enteric viruses, giardia cysts and cryptosporidium oocysts in finished water and in the assessment and evaluation of water treatment. several agars and confirmation procedures were evaluated in parallel with the australian/new zealand standard (as/nz) method for the enumeration of cl. perfringens from treated and untreated sewage samples. | 2006 | 16620200 |
| comparison of agar plate and real-time pcr on enumeration of lactobacillus, clostridium perfringens and total anaerobic bacteria in dog faeces. | to compare agar plate and real-time pcr methods on enumeration of total anaerobic bacteria, lactobacillus and clostridium perfringens in dog faeces. | 2006 | 16620208 |
| signal transduction mechanism involved in clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin-induced superoxide anion generation in rabbit neutrophils. | clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin induces the generation of superoxide anion (o2(-)) via production of 1,2-diacylglycerol (dg) in rabbit neutrophils. the mechanism of the generation, however, remains poorly understood. here we report a novel mechanism for the toxin-induced production of o2(-) in rabbit neutrophils. treatment of the cells with the toxin resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of a protein of about 140 kda. the protein reacted with anti-trka (nerve growth factor high-affinity recep ... | 2006 | 16622226 |
| acute diarrhea in the adult horse: case example and review. | | 2006 | 16627106 |
| [topics on anaerobic bacteria and anaerobic infection]. | considerable information has been accumulated in the field of anaerobic bacteria and anaerobic infections in the last ten years. here we tried to briefly introduce several selected topics of clinical importance in this field: proposal of the term "nanaerobe", changes of classification and nomenclature of anaerobes, anaerobic bacteremia, lemierre's syndrome as a revival anaerobic infection, atopobium vaginae as bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria, and new actions of the clostridium perfringen ... | 2006 | 16629490 |