| sorting nexin 3 (snx3) is a component of a tubular endosomal network induced by salmonella and involved in maturation of the salmonella-containing vacuole. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an intracellular pathogen that grows within a modified endomembrane compartment, the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). maturation of nascent scvs involves the recruitment of early endosome markers and the remodelling of phosphoinositides at the membrane of the vacuole, in particular the production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [pi(3)p]. sorting nexins (snxs) are a family of proteins characterized by the presence of a phox homology (px) domain t ... | 2010 | 20482551 |
| structural and genetic evidence for the close relationship between escherichia coli o71 and salmonella enterica o28 o-antigens. | o-antigen is the most variable cell wall constituent of gram-negative bacteria. escherichia coli and salmonella enterica are closely related species. in this work, we present structural and genetic evidence for the close relationship between o-antigens of e. coli o71 and s. enterica o28. the e. coli o71 o-antigen was found to consist of tetrasaccharide-repeating units containing d-galpnac, d-galp, l-rhap, and d-quip3nac, with multiple o-acetyl lateral groups. it is very similar to the known stru ... | 2010 | 20482625 |
| prevalence of salmonella enterica in poultry and eggs in uruguay during an epidemic due to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) is frequently associated with food-borne disease worldwide. poultry-derived products are a major source. an epidemic of human infection with s. enteritidis occurred in uruguay, and to evaluate the extent of poultry contamination, we conducted a nationwide survey over 2 years that included the analysis of sera from 5,751 birds and 12,400 eggs. serological evidence of infection with salmonella group o:9 was found in 24.4% of the birds. all p ... | 2010 | 20484605 |
| carbon metabolism of enterobacterial human pathogens growing in epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (caco-2) cells. | analysis of the genome sequences of the major human bacterial pathogens has provided a large amount of information concerning their metabolic potential. however, our knowledge of the actual metabolic pathways and metabolite fluxes occurring in these pathogens under infection conditions is still limited. in this study, we analysed the intracellular carbon metabolism of enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec hn280 and eiec 4608-58) and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (stm 14028) replicating ... | 2010 | 20485672 |
| live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing swine interferon-alpha has antiviral activity and alleviates clinical signs induced by infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets. | enhancing innate and acquired immunity by cytokines such as ifn-alpha appears to be useful as a first line of defense against viral infection. however, the practical use of cytokines in livestock is not evident due to cost and production issues associated with mass administration. in this study, we tested the efficacy of live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium designed to secrete swine ifn-alpha (swifn-alpha) protein for preventing the clinical signs caused by infection with tran ... | 2010 | 20488264 |
| salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type iii secretion system: role in intestinal colonization of chickens and systemic spread. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) has been identified as a significant cause of salmonellosis in humans. salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (spi-1 and spi-2) each encode a specialized type iii secretion system (t3ss) that enables salmonella to manipulate host cells at various stages of the invasion/infection process. for the purposes of our studies we used a chicken isolate of s. enteritidis (sal18). in one study, we orally co-challenged 35-day-ol ... | 2010 | 20488876 |
| microbiology. salmonella's safety catch. | | 2010 | 20489009 |
| comparative virulence genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of environmental and clinical salmonella enterica from cochin, india. | salmonella enterica serotype newport is an important cause of non-typhoidal salmonellosis, a clinically less severe infection than typhoid fever caused by s. enterica serotype typhi. in this investigation, the virulence genotypes of s. enterica newport isolated from a backwater environment were compared with salmonella typhi from clinical cases in the same region where salmonellosis is endemic. genotyping was done by pcr screening for virulence markers associated with salmonella pathogenicity is ... | 2011 | 20490498 |
| tolc dependency of multidrug efflux systems in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | tolc is a major outer membrane channel and it plays an important role in the excretion of a wide range of molecules, including antibiotics. a recent study has shown that salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has nine functional drug efflux pumps; however, the tolc dependency of these efflux pumps remains to be studied in detail. the aim of this study was to investigate the tolc dependency of multidrug efflux pumps in this organism. | 2010 | 20495209 |
| toll-like receptors 1 and 2 cooperatively mediate immune responses to curli, a common amyloid from enterobacterial biofilms. | responses to host amyloids and curli amyloid fibrils of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium are mediated through toll-like receptor (tlr) 2. here we show that tlr2 alone was not sufficient for mediating responses to curli. instead, transfection experiments with human cervical cancer (hela) cells and antibody-mediated inhibition of tlr signalling in human macrophage-like (thp-1) cells suggested that tlr2 interacts with tlr1 to recognize curli amyloid fibrils. tlr1/tlr2 a ... | 2010 | 20497180 |
| antimicrobial potential of polyphenols extracted from almond skins. | to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of flavonoid-rich fractions derived from natural and blanched almond skins, the latter being a by-product from the almond processing industry. | 2010 | 20497495 |
| salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis tatb and tatc mutants are impaired in caco-2 cell invasion in vitro and show reduced systemic spread in chickens. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis is a leading causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans. this pathogen also colonizes the intestinal tracts of poultry and can spread systemically in chickens. transfer to humans usually occurs through undercooked or improperly handled poultry meat or eggs. the bacterial twin-arginine transport (tat) pathway is responsible for the translocation of folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. in order to study the role of the tat syste ... | 2010 | 20498258 |
| in vitro activity of azithromycin against nontyphoidal salmonella enterica. | the in vitro activity of azithromycin against 1,237 nontyphoidal salmonella enterica isolates collected from finnish patients between 2003 and 2008 was investigated. only 24 (1.9%) of the isolates tested and 15 (5.1%) of the 294 isolates with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility had azithromycin mics of >or=32 microg/ml. these data show that azithromycin has good in vitro activity against nontyphoidal s. enterica, and thus, it may be a good candidate for clinical treatment studies of salmonell ... | 2010 | 20498312 |
| chicken tlr21 is an innate cpg dna receptor distinct from mammalian tlr9. | tlrs comprise a family of evolutionary conserved sensory receptors that respond to distinct classes of ligands. for one major evolutionary branch of tlrs, the ligands are still largely unknown. here we report the cloning and function of one member of this group, chicken tlr21 (chtlr21). this tlr is absent in the human species but has homologs in fish and frog and displays similarity with mouse tlr13. expression of chtlr21 in hek293 cells resulted in activation of nf-kappab in response to unmethy ... | 2010 | 20498358 |
| intra-abdominal pseudocyst and abscess formation caused by non-typhoid salmonella. | | 2010 | 20500481 |
| contemporary formulation and distribution practices for cold-filled acid products: australian industry survey and modeling of published pathogen inactivation data. | a survey of 12 australian manufacturers indicated that mild-tasting acids and preservatives are used to partially replace acetic acid in cold-filled acid dressings and sauces. in contrast to traditional ambient temperature distribution practices, some manufacturers indicated that they supply the food service sector with cold-filled acid products prechilled for incorporation into ready-to-eat foods. the comité des industries des mayonnaises et sauces condimentaires de la communauté economique eur ... | 2010 | 20501041 |
| structural and genetic characterization of the closely related o-antigens of escherichia coli o85 and salmonella enterica o17. | o-antigen is a part of the lipopolysaccharide present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, which confers major antigenic variability to the cell surface. in this study, we report on a previously undefined pair of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica with closely related o-antigens. the o-polysaccharides were isolated from the lipopolysaccharides of e. coli o85 and s. enterica o17 by mild acid degradation and studied by sugar analysis and nmr spectroscopy. the following structure ... | 2011 | 20501518 |
| visible fluorescence detection of type iii protein secretion from bacterial pathogens. | type iii protein secretion is essential for many gram-negative bacterial infections of host cells and an attractive target for new antibacterial drugs. here, we describe a bacterial protein effector-carboxypeptidase g2 (cpg2) reporter system for fluorescence and visible detection of type iii protein secretion in salmonella typhimurium. this system provides a general method for measuring protein expression and secretion as well as a high-throughput and quantitative assay for analyzing type iii pr ... | 2010 | 20504019 |
| identifying the role of flagella in the transport of motile and nonmotile salmonella enterica serovars. | the influence of bacterial flagella on cell transport has been examined using three salmonella enterica serovars with different motility phenotypes. both a packed bed (pb) column and radial stagnation point flow system (rspf) were employed to investigate bacterial deposition kinetics onto quartz over a range of conditions. the aim of this study was to better understand the role of motility on the deposition behavior of salmonella, an important food- and waterborne pathogen. in both the pb column ... | 2010 | 20504046 |
| changing antibiotic sensitivity pattern and scope of chloramphenicol in the management of hospitalised patients of typhoid fever. | enteric fever is a global health problem and there is emerging drug resistance with some reports of re-emerging sensitivity to previously used antibiotics eg, chloramphenicol. this study was done to compare the drug sensitivity pattern of enteric fever over a decade period. twenty-five culture positive patients for s typhi from one study done between october 1993 to february 1995 and 35 positive patients from another study done between september 2005 and august 2006 in the same hospital were tak ... | 2009 | 20509470 |
| community-acquired bloodstream infections in africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | data on the prevalence and causes of community-acquired bloodstream infections in africa are scarce. we searched three databases for studies that prospectively studied patients admitted to hospital with at least a blood culture, and found 22 eligible studies describing 58 296 patients, of whom 2051 (13.5%) of 15 166 adults and 3527 (8.2%) of 43 130 children had bloodstream infections. 1643 (29.1%) non-malaria bloodstream infections were due to salmonella enterica (58.4% of these non-typhoidal sa ... | 2010 | 20510282 |
| a multiplex single nucleotide polymorphism typing assay for detecting mutations that result in decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a. | decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones has become a major problem for the successful therapy of human infections caused by salmonella enterica, especially the life-threatening typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. | 2010 | 20511368 |
| mutations affecting export and activity of cytolysin a from escherichia coli. | cytolysin a (known as clya, hlye, and shea) is a cytolytic pore-forming protein toxin found in several escherichia coli and salmonella enterica strains. the structure of its water-soluble monomeric form and that of dodecameric clya pores is known, but the mechanisms of clya export from bacterial cells and of pore assembly are only partially understood. here we used site-directed mutagenesis to study the importance of different regions of the e. coli clya protein for export and activity. the data ... | 2010 | 20511497 |
| a 96-well plate fluorescence assay for assessment of cellular permeability and active efflux in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli. | multiply antibiotic-resistant (mar) mutants of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica are characterized by reduced susceptibility to several unrelated antibiotics, biocides and other xenobiotics. porin loss and/or active efflux have been identified as a key mechanisms of mar. a single rapid test was developed for mar. | 2010 | 20513705 |
| elucidation of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and genotyping of salmonella enterica isolates from clinical cases of salmonellosis in new mexico in 2008. | in this study, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the distribution of some well known genetic determinants of virulence in clinical isolates of salmonella enterica from new mexico. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) for various antimicrobials were determined by using the e-test strip method according to clsi guidelines. virulence genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers specific for known virulence genes of salmonella enterica ... | 2010 | 20514366 |
| absence of poly(adp-ribose) polymerase 1 delays the onset of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium-induced gut inflammation. | the immune system comprises an innate and an adaptive immune response to combat pathogenic agents. the human enteropathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium invades the intestinal mucosa and triggers an early innate proinflammatory host gene response, which results in diarrheal disease. several host factors, including transcription factors and transcription coregulators, are involved in the acute early response to salmonella infection. we found in a mouse model of enterocolitis induced by ... | 2010 | 20515923 |
| salmonella enterica replication in hemophagocytic macrophages requires two type three secretion systems. | salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium is a natural pathogen of mice, which acquire the bacteria orally and develop systemic acute infections that can become subacute to chronic infections. s. typhimurium can reside within hemophagocytic macrophages (hms) in sv129s6 mice, an slc11a1/nramp1(+/+) inbred strain. hms are activated macrophages which have ingested viable hematopoietic cells and are a key characteristic of infectious and inflammatory diseases. here we show that modest s. typhimurium ... | 2010 | 20515933 |
| splice-variant 1 of the ancient domain protein 2 (acdp2) complements the magnesium-deficient growth phenotype of salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium strain mm281. | evidence arguing for the existence of genes encoding for proteins directly involved in the transport of mg2+ through the cytoplasmic membrane have accumulated over the last few years. gene acdp2 (ancient conserved domain protein 2; old name cnnm2, cyclin m2) is one such gene. acdp2 is a distant homologue of the bacterial gene corc, which is known to be involved in cobalt resistance. we have previously demonstrated that the over-expression of the human mg2+ carrier slc41a1 partly complements the ... | 2010 | 20519162 |
| plasmid fingerprinting and virulence gene detection among indigenous strains of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is an important frequently reported zoonotic pathogen and a common cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. the highly conserved sero-specific plasmids (ssps) and salmonella plasmid virulence (spy) genes have been shown to mediate extra-intestinal colonization and systemic infection. the objective of current study was to document the presence of ssps and spvb/spvc genes prevailing in the indigenous population of serovar enteritidis. | 2009 | 20524477 |
| use of a mixture of bacteriophages for biological control of salmonella enterica strains in compost. | bacteriophages specific to salmonella strains were isolated from sewage effluent and characterized. a five-strain bacteriophage mixture was applied to dairy manure compost inoculated with salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. bacteriophage treatment resulted in a greater than 2-log-unit reduction of salmonella within 4 h at all moisture levels compared to the controls. | 2010 | 20525859 |
| salmonella-allies in the fight against cancer. | cancer has become the second ranking cause of death in the industrialized world. conventional anti-cancer therapies such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are effective in the treatment of solid tumors only to some extent. furthermore, they are often associated with severe side effects. use of bacteria as alternative cancer therapeutics has sporadically been followed over more than a century. the potential to target and colonize solid tumors could be shown for many different bacteria in ... | 2010 | 20526574 |
| expression of chicken leap-2 in the reproductive organs and embryos and in response to salmonella enterica infection. | in recent years host antimicrobial peptides and proteins have been recognised as key mediators of the innate immune response in many vertebrate species, providing the first line of defense against potential pathogens. in chickens a number of cationic antimicrobial peptides have been recently identified. however, although these peptides have been studied extensively in the avian gastrointestinal tract, little is known about their function in the chicken reproductive organs and embryos. chicken li ... | 2010 | 20526889 |
| tracking salmonella contamination in various watersheds and phenotypic and genotypic diversity. | salmonella enterica is an important foodborne pathogen, and contamination of surface and ground water that may result from various human activities, such as animal production and urbanization, may contribute to the public health burden. the aims of this study was to determine the sources of salmonella contamination in four different types of watersheds and to assess the relative contribution of multidrug-resistant strains. eighty-six water samples collected from four different watershed systems, ... | 2010 | 20528467 |
| successful treatment of late salmonella infections in total hip replacement - report of two cases. | salmonella species can be rarely isolated from periprosthetic joint infections, however when present, are usually part of a severe septic clinical picture. | 2010 | 20529326 |
| mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis protein expression upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide. | salmonella enterica, a common food-borne bacterial pathogen, is believed to change its protein expression profile in the presence of different environmental stress such as that caused by the exposure to hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), which can be generated by phagocytes during infection and represents an important antibacterial mechanism of host cells. among salmonella proteins, the effectors of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (spi-1 and spi-2) are of particular interest since they are expres ... | 2010 | 20529336 |
| phylogenetic incongruence arising from fragmented speciation in enteric bacteria. | evolutionary relationships among species are often assumed to be fundamentally unambiguous, where genes within a genome are thought to evolve in concert and phylogenetic incongruence between individual orthologs is attributed to idiosyncrasies in their evolution. we have identified substantial incongruence between the phylogenies of orthologous genes in escherichia, salmonella, and citrobacter, or e. coli, e. fergusonii, and e. albertii. the source of incongruence was inferred to be recombinatio ... | 2010 | 20534528 |
| copper homeostasis in salmonella is atypical and copper-cuep is a major periplasmic metal complex. | salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium (s. enterica sv. typhimurium) has two metal-transporting p(1)-type atpases whose actions largely overlap with respect to growth in elevated copper. mutants lacking both atpases over-accumulate copper relative to wild-type or either single mutant. such duplication of atpases is unusual in bacterial copper tolerance. both atpases are under the control of merr family metal-responsive transcriptional activators. analyses of periplasmic copper complexes identified ... | 2010 | 20534583 |
| recent advances in the field of salmonella typhi vaccines. | typhoid fever, caused by the bacterium salmonella enterica serovar typhi, remains a significant cause of human death and disease throughout large areas of the world. although there are currently three vaccines available against s. typhi they have a number of significant drawbacks which drive the development of much-needed new and improved versions. here recent advances towards such vaccines, from basic research to human trials, are discussed. | 2010 | 20534981 |
| the epidemiology of extraintestinal non-typhoid salmonella in israel: the effects of patients' age and sex. | extraintestinal disease occurs in 5-8% of non-typhoid salmonella enterica (nts) infections and is more likely to be associated with hospitalization and death. the study examined the epidemiology of extraintestinal nts infections in israel and the possible effects of patients' age and sex. nts isolates passively submitted to the national salmonella reference center during 1996-2006 were the source for the study cohort. poisson regression models were used to assess incidence trends over the study ... | 2010 | 20535625 |
| [induction and migration of cryptic/defective salmonella enterica prophages as a consequence of infection with lytic phages is an additional factor in stability of a coevolutionary vector]. | the influence of infection of natural isolates of salmonella enterica with lytic (nonlysogenic) phages on the expression of resident cryptic or defective prophages in host bacteria was studied. the induction of defective/cryptic phages after infection with nonlysogenic phages and packaging of bacterial chromosomal fragments in capsids of defective phages is demonstrated. this may lead to migration and wide distribution of both the genomes of defective phages per se and various fragments of the b ... | 2010 | 20536029 |
| optical imaging of bacterial infection in living mice using deep-red fluorescent squaraine rotaxane probes. | two structurally related fluorescent imaging probes allow optical imaging of bacterial leg infection models in living athymic and immunocompetent mice. structurally, the probes are comprised of a deep-red fluorescent squaraine rotaxane scaffold with two appended bis(zinc(ii)-dicolylamine) (bis(zn-dpa)) targeting ligands. the bis(zn-dpa) ligands have high affinity for the anionic phospholipids and related biomolecules that reside within the bacterial envelope, and they are known to selectively ta ... | 2010 | 20536173 |
| effect of enrichment medium on real-time detection of salmonella enterica from lettuce and tomato enrichment cultures. | three enrichment broths commonly used for detection of salmonella (buffered peptone water [bpw], tryptic soy broth [tsb], and universal preenrichment broth [upb]) were compared for use in real-time sybr green pcr detection of salmonella introduced into enrichment cultures made from store-bought lettuce and tomatoes. the produce served as a source of normal plant microbiota to measure how well dna-based detection methods for salmonella work in a suspension of plant-associated bacteria that may be ... | 2010 | 20537259 |
| structure and gene cluster of the o-antigen of salmonella enterica o60 containing 3-formamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose. | an o-polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella enterica o60 strain g1462, and the following unique structure of the o-unit was determined by chemical analyses along with 2d (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy: where fuc3nfo stands for 3-formamido-3,6-dideoxygalactose. the structure established is in agreement with the o-antigen gene cluster of s. enterica o60, which contains putative genes for the synthesis of gdp-d-man and dtdp-d-fuc3nfo, three gly ... | 2010 | 20538266 |
| prevalence of decreased susceptibility to triclosan in salmonella enterica isolates from animals and humans and association with multiple drug resistance. | previous laboratory studies have implicated triclosan as a possible selective force driving resistance to multiple antibiotics and have identified a number of triclosan resistance mechanisms in salmonella enterica. the aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of decreased susceptibility to triclosan in a panel of human and animal isolates of s. enterica and to identify the mechanisms of triclosan resistance in these strains. over 400 animal and human isolates of non-typhoidal salmonella ... | 2010 | 20541914 |
| bacteriophage tailspike proteins as molecular probes for sensitive and selective bacterial detection. | we report the use of genetically engineered tailspike proteins (tsps) from the p22 bacteriophage for the sensitive and selective detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. high yields of two mutant tsps, one with an n-terminal cysteine (n-cys) and another with a c-terminal cysteine (c-cys), have been obtained using recombinant protein expression and purification in escherichia coli. the mutant tsps did not have the native endorhamnosidase enzymatic activity of intact p22 phage as well ... | 2010 | 20541928 |
| the phosphoinositide phosphatase sopb manipulates membrane surface charge and trafficking of the salmonella-containing vacuole. | shifts in electrostatic surface charge of membranes have recently been highlighted as a significant factor contributing to protein targeting to the plasma membrane and nascent phagosomes. intracellular, vacuole-adapted pathogens may also regulate surface charge of their vacuoles to establish a replicative niche. since salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium controls trafficking of the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv) and inhibits its fusion with lysosomes, we investigated the contribution of ... | 2010 | 20542249 |
| specific and rapid enumeration of viable but nonculturable and viable-culturable gram-negative bacteria by using flow cytometry. | an issue of critical concern in microbiology is the ability to detect viable but nonculturable (vbnc) and viable-culturable (vc) cells by methods other than existing approaches. culture methods are selective and underestimate the real population, and other options (direct viable count and the double-staining method using epifluorescence microscopy and inhibitory substance-influenced molecular methods) are also biased and time-consuming. a rapid approach that reduces selectivity, decreases bias f ... | 2010 | 20543046 |
| hemorrhagic colitis as the onset of wegener's granulomatosis. | | 2011 | 20544207 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistance of recent salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum isolates from chickens in south korea. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum isolates (n=105) from chickens in south korea between 2002 and 2007 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations of 16 antimicrobials, and their predominant resistance profiles were genetically characterized. most isolates (99/105; 94.3%) were resistant to nalidixic acid and resistant/intermediately resistant to fluoroquinolones, and 63.8% (67/105) of the isolates were resistant to three or more antimicrobial ... | 2010 | 20544426 |
| unphosphorylated csgd controls biofilm formation in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the transcriptional regulator csgd of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a major regulator of biofilm formation required for the expression of csgba, which encodes curli fimbriae, and adra, coding for a diguanylate cyclase. csgd is a response regulator with an n-terminal receiver domain with a conserved aspartate (d59) as a putative target site for phosphorylation and a c-terminal luxr-like helix-turn-helix dna binding motif, but the mechanisms of target gene activation ... | 2010 | 20545866 |
| multiresistant salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- in europe: a new pandemic strain? | a marked increase in the prevalence of s. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- with resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracyclines (r-type assut) has been noted in food-borne infections and in pigs/pig meat in several european countries in the last ten years. one hundred and sixteen strains of s. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- from humans, pigs and pig meat isolated in england and wales, france, germany, italy, poland, spain and the netherlands were further subtyped by phage typ ... | 2010 | 20546690 |
| enterobacterial tumor colonization in mice depends on bacterial metabolism and macrophages but is independent of chemotaxis and motility. | despite promising results and increasing attention in bacterial cancer therapy, surprisingly little is known about initial tumor colonization and the interaction between bacteria and surrounding tumor tissue. here, we analyzed the role of chemotaxis, motility, and metabolism both in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains upon intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice. in contrast to previous models, we found that chemotaxis and motility do not play a significant ... | 2010 | 20547100 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel analyte from bacillus subtilis sc-8 antagonistic to bacillus cereus. | in this study, an effective substance was isolated from bacillus subtilis sc-8, which was obtained from traditionally fermented soybean paste, cheonggukjang. the substance was purified by hplc, and its properties were analyzed. it had an adequate antagonistic effect on bacilluscereus, and its spectrum of activity was narrow. when tested on several gram-negative and gram-positive foodborne pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella enterica, salmonella enteritidis, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria ... | 2010 | 20547349 |
| antimicrobial resistance and subtyping of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis isolated from human outbreaks and poultry in southern brazil. | to investigate antimicrobial resistance, 96 salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis strains isolated from salmonellosis outbreaks and poultry-related products obtained in southern brazil were analyzed. macrorestriction patterns, obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and phage types, were assessed. although 43.75% of samples were sensitive to all drugs tested, resistance to sulfonamide (34.37%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (25.00%), nalidixic acid (14.58%), streptomyc ... | 2010 | 20548083 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of n,n'-bis(2-hydroxylbenzyl)-1,2-ethanediamine derivatives. | a series of n,n'-bis(2-hydroxylbenzyl)-1,2-ethanediamine derivatives and its schiff bases were synthesized, characterized and screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella enterica. result indicated that the ethylenediamine derivatives, n,n'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-bromobenzyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (21), and n,n'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (22) showed the most favorable antimicrobial activity exhibiting lc(50) of 11.6 ... | 2010 | 20548968 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhi has a 4.1 kb genetic island inserted within the sapabcdf operon that causes loss of resistance to the antimicrobial peptide protamine. | to investigate the association between the presence of a genetic island inserted within the sapabcdf operon of salmonella typhi and the susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides. | 2010 | 20551214 |
| antimicrobial properties of prunin, a citric flavanone glucoside, and its prunin 6″-o-lauroyl ester. | to determine the antimicrobial potential of prunin (p), a flavanone glucoside resulting from the hydrolysis of naringin present in grapefruit, and of its prunin 6″-o-lauroyl ester (pl), synthesized by enzymatic catalysis. | 2010 | 20553344 |
| epidemiology and interaction of salmonella enterica serovar derby, infantis and typhimurium with porcine alveolar macrophages. | in this study we were interested in the serovars which are frequently isolated from pigs, i.e. s. typhimurium, s. derby and s. infantis. first we collected different isolates of s. infantis and s. derby and compared them by macrorestriction analysis. in the second part of the study we infected porcine alveolar macrophages (pams) with representative strains of these serovars and s. typhimurium and determined intracellular survival, cytotoxicity and cytokine response. in s. derby, 17 different pro ... | 2010 | 20554127 |
| deletion of a prophage-like element causes attenuation of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and promotes protective immunity. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) is a wide host range serovar belonging to the s. enterica genus. worldwide, it is one of the most frequent causes of food borne disease. similar to s. typhimurium, some virulence genes of s. enteritidis are located in pathogenicity islands and prophages. in this study we have generated a mutant strain of s. enteritidis lacking a prophage-like element, denominated varphise12. the resulting mutant strain was attenuated and promoted protectiv ... | 2010 | 20558245 |
| the cyclotide cycloviolacin o2 from viola odorata has potent bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria. | to determine the antibacterial activity of small cyclic plant proteins, i.e. cyclotides, and the importance of the surface exposed charged residues for activity. | 2010 | 20558471 |
| substitution of the arginine/leucine residues in apidaecin ib with peptoid residues: effect on antimicrobial activity, cellular uptake, and proteolytic degradation. | several aspects of the mechanism of action of pro-rich antimicrobial peptides, together with their low toxicity in mammalian cells, make them good candidates for the development of new antibiotic agents. we investigated the effect induced in the insect antimicrobial peptide apidaecin ib by the replacement of a single arginine/leucine residue with a n-substituted glycine. the resulting peptoid-peptide hybrids are more resistant to proteolysis and devoid of any significant cytotoxic activity, but ... | 2009 | 20560644 |
| influence of temperature and predation on survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and expression of inva in soil and manure-amended soil. | the effects of three temperatures (5, 15, and 25 degrees c) on the survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in topsoil were investigated in small microcosms by three different techniques: plate counting, inva gene quantification, and inva mrna quantification. differences in survival were related to the effect of protozoan predation. tetracycline-resistant salmonella serovar typhimurium was inoculated into soil and manure-amended soil at 1.5 x 10(8) cells g soil(-1). population densiti ... | 2010 | 20562283 |
| transcriptomic responses of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium to chlorine-based oxidative stress. | salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium are the leading causative agents of salmonellosis in the united states. s. enteritidis is predominantly associated with contamination of shell eggs and egg products, whereas s. typhimurium is frequently linked to tainted poultry meats, fresh produce, and recently, peanut-based products. chlorine is an oxidative disinfectant commonly used in the food industry to sanitize the surfaces of foods and food processing facilities (e.g., shell eggs ... | 2010 | 20562293 |
| cyclic di-gmp signaling regulates invasion by ehrlichia chaffeensis of human monocytes. | cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) is a bacterial second messenger produced by ggdef domain-containing proteins. the genome of ehrlichia chaffeensis, an obligatory intracellular bacterium that causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis, encodes a single protein that contains a ggdef domain, called pled. in this study, we investigated the effects of c-di-gmp signaling on e. chaffeensis infection of the human monocytic cell line thp-1. recombinant e. chaffeensis pled showed diguanylate cyclase activity as it gener ... | 2010 | 20562302 |
| [evaluation of premitest salmonella kit for identification of not-typable by conventional methods salmonella]. | despite the downward trend, salmonella is still one of the most important bacterial intestinal infections agents. for example, in 2007 y. in poland over 14 thousands human salmonelosis cases were notified, in 2008 y.--over 10 thousands. among all salmonella isolated from human source, most common (more then 80%) are two serotypes--s. enteritidis and s. typhimurium, but every year the number of non-typable (because of the lack i or ii phase flagellar antigens, autoagglutinative or non-motility pr ... | 2010 | 20564968 |
| evaluation of the widal tube agglutination test for the diagnosis of typhoid fever among children admitted to a rural hdospital in tanzania and a comparison with previous studies. | the diagnosis of typhoid fever is confirmed by culture of salmonella enterica serotype typhi (s. typhi). however, a more rapid, simpler, and cheaper diagnostic method would be very useful especially in developing countries. the widal test is widely used in africa but little information exists about its reliability. | 2010 | 20565990 |
| in vitro synergism of ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime against nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica serotypes paratyphi a and paratyphi b. | paratyphoid fever is considered an emerging systemic intracellular infection caused by salmonella enterica serotypes paratyphi a, b, and c. we performed in vitro time-kill studies on three clinical isolates of nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella serotype paratyphi (narsp) with different concentrations of ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime to identify combinations of antibiotics with synergistic activity against paratyphoid fever. furthermore, we identify the frequency of mutations to ciprofloxacin, ce ... | 2010 | 20566759 |
| chromosomally encoded blacmy-2 located on a novel sxt/r391-related integrating conjugative element in a proteus mirabilis clinical isolate. | integrating conjugative elements (ices) are mobile genetic elements that can transfer from the chromosome of a host to the chromosome of a new host through the process of excision, conjugation, and integration. although sxt/r391-related ices, originally demonstrated in vibrio cholerae o139 isolates, have become prevalent among v. cholerae isolates in asia, the prevalence of the ices among gram-negative bacteria other than vibrio spp. remains unknown. in addition, sxt/r391-related ices carrying g ... | 2010 | 20566768 |
| cation selectivity by the cora mg2+ channel requires a fully hydrated cation. | the cora mg(2+) channel is the primary uptake system in about half of all bacteria and archaea. however, the basis for its mg(2+) selectivity is unknown. previous data suggested that cora binds a fully hydrated mg(2+) ion, unlike other ion channels. the crystal structure of thermotoga maritima cora shows a homopentamer with two transmembrane segments per monomer connected by a short periplasmic loop. this highly conserved loop, (281)efmpelkws(289) in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium cora, ... | 2010 | 20568735 |
| development and evaluation of multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis for fine typing and phylogenetic analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | we identified 16 variable number tandem repeat (vntr) loci for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. these vntrs were evaluated with panels of 183 diverse isolates, 203 closely related isolates and 54 isolates from seven outbreaks. the evaluations revealed that five of the 16 vntrs had diversity values greater than 0.5, and three (sttr5, sttr6 and sttr10) were hypervariable. the results obtained from the outbreak isolates suggested that the 16 vntrs were considerably stable in isolates recove ... | 2010 | 20573417 |
| emergence and characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage type dt191a. | the emergence of a previously undefined phage type of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, designated dt191a, occurred in england and wales in july 2008. the new strain exhibits a number of distinctive phenotypic and genotypic features. this report provides the tools necessary to track s. typhimurium dt191a globally. | 2010 | 20573861 |
| characterization of anti-salmonella enterica serotype typhi antibody responses in bacteremic bangladeshi patients by an immunoaffinity proteomics-based technology. | salmonella enterica serotype typhi is the cause of typhoid fever and a human-restricted pathogen. currently available typhoid vaccines provide 50 to 90% protection for 2 to 5 years, and available practical diagnostic assays to identify individuals with typhoid fever lack sensitivity and/or specificity. identifying immunogenic s. typhi antigens expressed during human infection could lead to improved diagnostic assays and vaccines. here we describe a platform immunoaffinity proteomics-based techno ... | 2010 | 20573880 |
| glycomimicry: display of the gm3 sugar epitope on escherichia coli and salmonella enterica sv typhimurium. | oligosaccharides present on the surface of pathogenic bacteria play an important role in their interaction with their host. bacteria with altered cell surface structures can be used to study these interactions, and glycoengineering represents a tool to display a glycoepitope on a different bacterium. here, we present non-pathogenic escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing the sialyllactose oligosaccharide epitope of the ganglioside gm3. by expression of the galacto ... | 2010 | 20574043 |
| new approach to study the mechanism of antimicrobial protection of an active packaging. | this article reports on the antimicrobial efficiency of a new active packaging concept based on the use of two essential oils (cinnamon and oregano) and their chemical descriptors (cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and carvacrol) against the gram-positive bacterium listeria monocytogenes, the gram-negative bacterium salmonella choleraesuis, the yeast candida albicans, and the mold aspergillus flavus. complete inhibition of these microorganisms with either bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect has been dem ... | 2010 | 20575672 |
| enteric bacterial pathogens with zoonotic potential isolated from farm-raised deer. | the raising of captive white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) is a growing agricultural industry in ohio as it is in several other areas of the united states and around the world. pooled fecal samples were collected from 30 white-tailed deer confinement facilities. samples were cultured for five enteric bacterial pathogens. premise prevalence rates were as follows: escherichia coli o157, 3.3%; listeria monocytogenes, 3.3%; salmonella enterica, 0%; yersinia enterocolitica, 30%; and clostridiu ... | 2010 | 20575673 |
| interleukin-17a is required to suppress invasion of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to enteric mucosa. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) causes a localized enteric infection and its elimination is dependent on a t helper type 1 immune response. however, the mechanism of the protective immune response against the pathogen in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (galt) at an early stage of the infection is not yet clarified. here, we show that interleukin-17a (il-17a) was constitutively expressed in galt; it was also detected on crypt and epithelial cells of the small intestine. ne ... | 2010 | 20575990 |
| nationwide outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype 4,12:i:- infections in france, linked to dried pork sausage, march-may 2010. | in may 2010, a nationwide excess of infections with the specific monophasic variant salmonella enterica serotype 4,12:i:- was investigated in france. subtyping with multilocus variable number of tandem repeats analysis revealed a distinct epidemic strain within this excess. epidemiological investigations identified a dried pork sausage sold by a particular chain of supermarkets as the likely vehicle of transmission. the suspected batches have been withdrawn and recalled. | 2010 | 20576238 |
| comparison of vi serology and nested pcr in diagnosis of chronic typhoid carriers in two different study populations in typhoid endemic area of india. | for detection of chronic typhoid carriers, nested pcr targeting flagellin the gene of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype typhi was carried out on dna extracted from hepatobiliary specimens from 424 autopsies which were apparently free from gallbladder pathology on postmortem examination. the second study population was 508 healthy volunteers, who did not suffer from typhoid fever during the preceding year and whose sera were subjected to detection of carriage by estimation of vi an ... | 2010 | 20578552 |
| transferable class 1 and 2 integrons in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica isolates of human and animal origin in lithuania. | antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli (n = 191) and salmonella enterica (n = 87) isolates of human and animal origin obtained in lithuania during 2005-2008 were characterized for the presence and diversity of class 1 and 2 integrons. e. coli isolates were obtained from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) (n = 59) and both healthy and diseased farm animals, including poultry (n = 54), swine (n = 35), and cattle (n = 43). isolates of non-typhoidal s. enterica were recovered from salmonel ... | 2010 | 20578916 |
| salmonellae in food stuffs of plant origin and their implications on human health. | salmonella enterica is one of the most common causes of food-borne infection in human beings. cases of salmonella infection have been decreasing in europe in the last ten years, yet, salmonella infections are still the main cause of acute diarrhea syndrome. globalization has caused the international food industry to increase the production of collective nutrition produce and products. this has intensified the need for authorized and accredited laboratories to monitor microbiological food safety. ... | 2010 | 20582445 |
| outbreak of salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica serovar newport mdr-ampc in a large animal veterinary teaching hospital. | nosocomial salmonellosis is an important problem for large animal veterinary teaching hospitals (vths). | 2010 | 20584143 |
| plasmid-mediated resistance to cephalosporins in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | this study characterized a cephalosporin-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolate. the organism possessed a plasmid encoding the ctx-m-15 extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase. this plasmid is the determinant for the phenotype of cephalosporin resistance and is transferrable among enterobacteriaceae. | 2010 | 20585124 |
| live recombinant salmonella typhi vaccines constructed to investigate the role of rpos in eliciting immunity to a heterologous antigen. | we hypothesized that the immunogenicity of live salmonella enterica serovar typhi vaccines expressing heterologous antigens depends, at least in part, on its rpos status. as part of our project to develop a recombinant attenuated s. typhi vaccine (rastyv) to prevent pneumococcal diseases in infants and children, we constructed three rastyv strains synthesizing the streptococcus pneumoniae surface protein pspa to test this hypothesis. each vector strain carried ten engineered mutations designed t ... | 2010 | 20585446 |
| engineering of glycerol dehydrogenase for improved activity towards 1, 3-butanediol. | the objective of this study was to use protein engineering techniques to enhance the catalytic activity of glycerol dehydrogenase (glydh) on racemic 1, 3-butanediol (1, 3-bdo) for the bioproduction of the important pharmaceutical intermediate 4-hydroxy-2-butanone. three glydh genes (glda) from escherichia coli k-12, salmonella enterica, and klebsiella pneumoniae mgh78578 were shuffled to generate a random mutagenesis library. the nitroblue tetrazolium/phenazine methosulfate high throughput scree ... | 2010 | 20585771 |
| acc-1 beta-lactamase-producing salmonella enterica serovar typhi, india. | | 2010 | 20587199 |
| salmonella enterica enteritidis arthritis following trauma in a child with thalassemia major. | osteoarticular infections caused by non-typhi salmonella are exceptionally encountered. we report a case of a bacteriologically documented knee joint infection due to salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis, following trauma in a child with thalassemia major. emergency arthrotomy combined with antimicrobial therapy was helpful in eradication of infection. physicians should be aware of this rare manifestation of non-typhi salmonella infections in thalassemic patients. | 2010 | 20589479 |
| perceptions regarding workplace hazards at a veterinary teaching hospital. | objective: to assess perceptions of personnel working at a veterinary teaching hospital regarding risks of occupational hazards and compare those perceptions with assessments made by occupational safety experts. | 2010 | 20590501 |
| functional analysis of the c-terminal domain of the wbap protein that mediates initiation of o antigen synthesis in salmonella enterica. | wbap catalyzes the transfer of galactose-1-phosphate onto undecaprenyl phosphate (und-p). the enzyme belongs to a large family of bacterial membrane proteins required for initiation of the synthesis of o antigen lipopolysaccharide and polysaccharide capsules. previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that the last transmembrane helix and c-terminal tail region of wbap (wbap(ct)) are sufficient for enzymatic activity. here, we demonstrate the cytoplasmic location of the wbap c-terminal tail an ... | 2010 | 20591829 |
| ribonucleotide reductases of salmonella typhimurium: transcriptional regulation and differential role in pathogenesis. | ribonucleotide reductases (rnrs) are essential enzymes that carry out the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by reducing ribonucleotides. there are three different classes of rnrs (i, ii and iii), all having different oxygen dependency and biochemical characteristics. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) harbors class ia, class ib and class iii rnrs in its genome. we have studied the transcriptional regulation of these three rnr classes in s. typhimurium as well as the ... | 2010 | 20593029 |
| salmonella-regulated lipopolysaccharide modifications. | salmonella enterica are gram-negative enteric pathogens that cause typhoid fever and gastroenteritis in humans. many bacteria, including salmonella, use signal transduction cascades such as two-component regulatory systems to detect and respond to stimuli in the local microenvironment. during infection, environmental sensing allows bacteria to regulate gene expression to evade host immune defenses and thrive in vivo. activation of the salmonella two-component regulatory systems phop-phoq and pmr ... | 2010 | 20593264 |
| the o-antigen of salmonella enterica o13 and its relation to the o-antigen of escherichia coli o127. | the following structure of the o-polysaccharide (o-antigen) of salmonella enterica o13 was established by chemical analyses along with 2d (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy: -->2)-alpha-l-fucp-(1-->2)-beta-d-galp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-galpnac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-glcpnac-(1--> the o-antigen of s. enterica o13 was found to be closely related to that of escherichia coli o127, which differs only in the presence of a galnac residue in place of the glcnac residue and o-acetylation. the location of the o-acetyl gro ... | 2010 | 20594547 |
| complete genome sequence of the incompatibility group i1 plasmid r64. | a streptomycin and tetracycline resistance plasmid r64 isolated from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium belongs to the incompatibility group i1 (inci1). the dna sequence of the r64 conjugative transfer region was described previously (komano et al., 2000). here, we report the complete genome sequence of r64. in the circular double-stranded r64 genome with 120,826bp, 126 complete orfs are predicted. in addition, 2 and 6 different kinds of proteins are produced by translational reinitiation a ... | 2010 | 20594994 |
| fine mapping of the chicken salmonellosis resistance locus (sal1). | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a gram-negative bacterium that has a significant impact on both human and animal health. it is one of the most common food-borne pathogens responsible for a self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans and a similar disease in pigs, cattle and chickens. in contrast, intravenous challenge with s. typhimurium provides a valuable model for systemic infection, often causing a typhoid-like infection, with bacterial replication resulting in the destruction of the ... | 2009 | 20597881 |
| regulated delayed expression of rfc enhances the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a heterologous antigen delivered by live attenuated salmonella enterica vaccines. | the salmonella rfc gene encodes the o-antigen polymerase. we constructed three strains in which we replaced the native rfc promoter with the arabinose-dependent arac p(bad) promoter so that rfc expression was dependent on exogenously supplied arabinose provided during in vitro growth. the three mutant strains were designed to synthesize different amounts of rfc by altering the ribosome-binding sequence and start codon. we examined these strains for a number of in vitro characteristics compared t ... | 2010 | 20599580 |
| positive autoregulation shapes response timing and intensity in two-component signal transduction systems. | positive feedback loops are regulatory elements that can modulate expression output, kinetics and noise in genetic circuits. transcriptional regulators participating in such loops are often expressed from two promoters, one constitutive and one autoregulated. here, we investigate the interplay of promoter strengths and the intensity of the stimulus activating the transcriptional regulator in defining the output of a positively autoregulated genetic circuit. using a mathematical model of two-comp ... | 2010 | 20600106 |
| evaluation of the humoral immune response in mice orally vaccinated with live recombinant attenuated salmonella enterica delivering a secreted form of yersinia pestis psaa. | yersinia pestis psaa is an adhesin that is synthesized inside macrophages. here, we evaluated the immune profile of codon-optimized y. pestis psaa synthesized in a live recombinant attenuated salmonella vaccine (rasv) strain chi9558. oral immunization of balb/c mice with chi9558(pya3705) delivering a secreted form of psaa, elicited a systemic psaa-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) response but offered limited protection against lethal challenge with the intranasally introduced y. pestis co92 strai ... | 2010 | 20600475 |
| evaluation of antimicrobial activity of probiotic bacteria against salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium 1344 in a common medium under different environmental conditions. | the importance of probiotics in human nutrition has been gaining recognition in recent years. these organisms have been shown to promote human health by enhancing immunological and digestive functions and fighting respiratory tract infections. we propose an improved in vitro model for the study of probiotic antimicrobial activity against enteropathogens, by attempting to re-create, in a common culture medium, environmental growth conditions comparable to those present in the small intestine. a p ... | 2010 | 20600855 |
| trends in salmonella enteric serovar typhi in nairobi, kenya from 2004 to 2006. | typhoid fever is a global health problem. the world health organization (who) estimates that the current annual global burden of typhoid is approximately 22 million new cases, 5% of which are fatal. | 2010 | 20601792 |
| influence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection on intestinal goblet cells and villous morphology in broiler chicks. | live broiler chickens are important in the transmission of salmonella to humans. reducing salmonella levels in the intestine of broiler chickens, in part, requires understanding of the interactions between salmonella and the intestinal barriers that represent the first line of defense. such barriers include the mucus layer (composed of mucins secreted by goblet cells) and the underlying epithelium. two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of salmonella typhimurium infection on intes ... | 2010 | 20608528 |
| the ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase uch-l1 promotes bacterial invasion by altering the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. | invasion of eukaryotic target cells by pathogenic bacteria requires extensive remodelling of the membrane and actin cytoskeleton. here we show that the remodelling process is regulated by the ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase uch-l1 that promotes the invasion of epithelial cells by listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica. knockdown of uch-l1 reduced the uptake of both bacteria, while expression of the catalytically active enzyme promoted efficient internalization in the uch-l1-negative hela ... | 2010 | 20608941 |