| arsenic contamination in soil-water-plant (rice, oryza sativa l.) continuum in central and sub-mountainous punjab, india. | in the present study, arsenic (as) concentrations in underground water, soil, and plants (rice) and their inter-relationships in central and sub-mountainous punjab, india were studied. approximately, 32% of the tubewell water samples had as concentrations greater than the maximum permissible limit (10 μg as l(-1)) set by the world health organization (who) whereas in hand pump waters, as concentrations were within the safe range (i.e. <10 μg as l(-1)). as concentrations in tubewell waters were s ... | 2012 | 22926503 |
| comparative analysis of swirm domain-containing proteins in plants. | chromatin-remodeling complexes affect gene expression by using the energy of atp hydrolysis to locally disrupt or alter the association of histones with dna. swirm (swi3p, rsc8p, and moira) domain is an alpha-helical domain of about 85 residues in chromosomal proteins. swirm domain-containing proteins make up large multisubunit complexes by interacting with other chromatin modification factors and may have an important function in plants. however, little is known about swirm domain-containing pr ... | 2012 | 22924025 |
| photosynthetic and physiological analysis of the rice high-chlorophyll mutant (gc). | chlorophyll (chl) molecules are essential for harvesting light energy in photosynthesis. a rice high-chlorophyll mutant (gc) with significantly increased chl b was identified previously in zhenshan 97b (oryza sativa indica). however, the mechanism underlying this higher chl b content and its effects on photosynthetic efficiency are still unclear. immunoblot and blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (bn-page) with a second dimension electrophoresis followed by the matrix-assisted laser-d ... | 2012 | 22922107 |
| germination and plantlet regeneration of encapsulated microshoots of aromatic rice (oryza sativa l. cv. mrq 74). | plant tissues such as somatic embryos, apical shoot tips, axillary shoot buds, embryogenic calli, and protocom-like bodies are potential micropropagules that have been considered for creating synthetic seeds. in the present study, 3-5 mm microshoots of oryza sativa l. cv. mrq 74 were used as explant sources for obtaining synthetic seeds. microshoots were induced from stem explants on murashige and skoog (ms) medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l benzylaminopurine (bap). they were encapsulated in 3% ... | 2012 | 22919338 |
| effect of long-term paddy-upland yearly rotations on rice (oryza sativa) yield, soil properties, and bacteria community diversity. | a 10-year-long field trial (between 2001 and 2010) was conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation on rice yield, soil properties, and bacteria community diversity. six types of paddy-upland crop rotations were evaluated: rice-fallow (control; ck), rice-rye grass (rr), rice-potato with rice straw mulches (rp), rice-rapeseed with straw incorporated into soil at flowering (rof), rice-rapeseed incorporated in soil after harvest (rom), and rice-chinese milk vetch (rc). analysis of t ... | 2012 | 22919301 |
| arsenate and arsenite exposure modulate antioxidants and amino acids in contrasting arsenic accumulating rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes. | carcinogenic arsenic (as) concentrations are found in rice due to irrigation with contaminated groundwater in south-east asia. the present study evaluates comparative antioxidant property and specific amino acid accumulation in contrasting rice genotypes corresponding to differential as accumulation during arsenate (as(v)) and arsenite (as(iii)) exposures. the study was conducted on two contrasting as accumulating rice genotypes selected from 303 genotype accessions, in hydroponic conditions. ma ... | 2013 | 22917495 |
| selenium in soil inhibits mercury uptake and translocation in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a great number of studies have confirmed that mercury-selenium (hg-se) antagonism is a widespread phenomenon in microorganisms, fish, poultry, humans, and other mammals. however, by comparison, little attention has been paid to plants. to investigate the influence of se on the uptake and translocation of methylhg/inorganic hg (mehg/ihg) in the rice-soil system, we determined the levels of se, ihg, and mehg in different parts of rice plants (including the root, stem, leaf, husk, and grain (brown ... | 2012 | 22916794 |
| increased leaf photosynthesis caused by elevated stomatal conductance in a rice mutant deficient in slac1, a guard cell anion channel protein. | in rice (oryza sativa l.), leaf photosynthesis is known to be highly correlated with stomatal conductance; however, it remains unclear whether stomatal conductance dominantly limits the photosynthetic rate. slac1 is a stomatal anion channel protein controlling stomatal closure in response to environmental [co(2)]. in order to examine stomatal limitations to photosynthesis, a slac1-deficient mutant of rice was isolated and characterized. a tilling screen of n-methyl-n-nitrosourea-derived mutant l ... | 2012 | 22915747 |
| mil2 (microsporeless2) regulates early cell differentiation in the rice anther. | the formation of diverse, appropriately patterned cell types is critical in the development of all complex multicellular organisms. in flowering plants, anther patterning is a complex process essential for successful sexual reproduction. however, few genes regulating this process have been characterized to date. we report here that the gene microsporeless2 (mil2) regulates early anther cell differentiation in rice (oryza sativa). the anthers of mil2 mutants were characterized using molecular mar ... | 2012 | 22913653 |
| osarf16, a transcription factor, is required for auxin and phosphate starvation response in rice (oryza sativa l.). | plant responses to auxin and phosphate (pi) starvation are closely linked. however, the underlying mechanisms connecting auxin to phosphate starvation (-pi) responses are largely unclear. here, we show that osarf16, an auxin response factor, functions in both auxin and -pi responses in rice (oryza sativa l.). the knockout of osarf16 led to primary roots (pr), lateral roots (lr) and root hair losing sensitivity to auxin and -pi response. osarf16 expression and osarf16::gus staining in pr and lr o ... | 2013 | 22913536 |
| phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated soil by pteris vittata l. ii. effect on arsenic uptake and rice yield. | a greenhouse experiment evaluated the effect of phytoextraction of arsenic from a contaminated soil by chinese brake fern (pteris vittata l.) and its subsequent effects on growth and uptake of arsenic by rice (oryza sativa l.) crop. pteris vittata was grown for one or two growing cycles of four months each with two phosphate sources, using single super phosphate (ssp) and di-ammonium phosphate (dap). rice was grown on phytoextracted soils followed by measurements of biomass yield (grain, straw, ... | 2012 | 22908631 |
| emerging roots alter epidermal cell fate through mechanical and reactive oxygen species signaling. | a central question in biology is how spatial information is conveyed to locally establish a developmental program. rice (oryza sativa) can survive flash floods by the emergence of adventitious roots from the stem. epidermal cells that overlie adventitious root primordia undergo cell death to facilitate root emergence. root growth and epidermal cell death are both controlled by ethylene. this study aimed to identify the signal responsible for the spatial control of cell death. epidermal cell deat ... | 2012 | 22904148 |
| micrornas as promising tools for improving stress tolerance in rice. | rice (oryza sativa) represents one of the most important food crops in the world, since it feeds more than two billion people. the increased rice production can play significant roles in upgrading the economic status of countries like india and china. a great deal of research has been carried out in the recent past on the molecular biology, genomics and biotechnology of rice. by employing recombinant dna technology, remarkable progress had been made towards production of rice plants with increas ... | 2012 | 22902689 |
| red strain oryza sativa-unpolished thai rice prevents oxidative stress and colorectal aberrant crypt foci formation in rats. | oxidative stress has been proposed to be involved in colorectal cancer development. many dark pigments of plants have potent oxidative stress preventive properties. in this study, unpolished thai rice was assessed for antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (abts) methods. red strain unpolished thai rice was also administered to rats exposed to azoxymethane (aom) for induction of aberrant crypt foci (acf). serum mal ... | 2012 | 22901149 |
| oscillation regulation of ca2+ /calmodulin and heat-stress related genes in response to heat stress in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the ca ( 2+) /calmodulin (cam) signaling pathway mediates the heat stress (hs) response and acquisition of thermotolerance in plants. we showed that the rice cam1-1 isoform can interpret a ca ( 2+) signature difference in amplitude, frequency, and temporal-spatial properties in regulating transcription of nucleoplasmic small heat-shock protein gene (shspc/n) during hs. ca ( 2+) and a23187 treatments under hs generated an intense and sustained increase in [ca ( 2+) ]cyt and accelerated the expres ... | 2012 | 22899079 |
| dwarf and deformed flower 1, encoding an f-box protein, is critical for vegetative and floral development in rice (oryza sativa l.). | recent studies have shown that f-box proteins constitute a large family in eukaryotes, and play pivotal roles in regulating various developmental processes in plants. however, their functions in monocots are still obscure. in this study, we characterized a recessive mutant dwarf and deformed flower 1-1 (ddf1-1) in oryza sativa (rice). the mutant is abnormal in both vegetative and reproductive development, with significant size reduction in all organs except the spikelet. ddf1 controls organ size ... | 2012 | 22897567 |
| chimeric floral organs1, encoding a monocot-specific mads box protein, regulates floral organ identity in rice. | the control of floral organ identity by homeotic mads box genes is well established in eudicots. however, grasses have highly specialized outer floral organs, and the identities of the genes that regulate the highly specialized outer floral organs of grasses remain unclear. in this study, we characterized a mikc-type mads box gene, chimeric floral organs (cfo1), which plays a key role in the regulation of floral organ identity in rice (oryza sativa). the cfo1 mutant displayed defective marginal ... | 2012 | 22891238 |
| overexpression of rice sphingosine-1-phoshpate lyase gene osspl1 in transgenic tobacco reduces salt and oxidative stress tolerance. | sphingolipids, including sphingosine-1-phosphate (s1p), have been shown to function as signaling mediators to regulate diverse aspects of plant growth, development, and stress response. in this study, we performed functional analysis of a rice (oryza sativa) s1p lyase gene osspl1 in transgenic tobacco plants and explored its possible involvement in abiotic stress response. overexpression of osspl1 in transgenic tobacco resulted in enhanced sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid (aba), and decrea ... | 2012 | 22889013 |
| physiological basis of genetic variation in leaf photosynthesis among rice (oryza sativa l.) introgression lines under drought and well-watered conditions. | to understand the physiological basis of genetic variation and resulting quantitative trait loci (qtls) for photosynthesis in a rice (oryza sativa l.) introgression line population, 13 lines were studied under drought and well-watered conditions, at flowering and grain filling. simultaneous gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were conducted at various levels of incident irradiance and ambient co(2) to estimate parameters of a model that dissects photosynthesis into stomatal co ... | 2012 | 22888131 |
| interdomain disulfide bridge in the rice granule bound starch synthase i catalytic domain as elucidated by x-ray structure analysis. | the catalytic domain of rice (oryza sativa japonica) granule bound starch synthase i (osgbssi-cd) was overexpressed and the three-dimensional structures of the ligand-free and adp-bound forms were determined. the structures were similar to those reported for bacterial and archaeal glycogen synthases, which belong to glycosyltransferase family 5. they had rossmann fold n- and c-domains connected by canonical two-hinge peptides, and an interdomain disulfide bond that appears to be conserved in the ... | 2012 | 22878205 |
| qtl analysis of novel genomic regions associated with yield and yield related traits in new plant type based recombinant inbred lines of rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice is staple food for more than half of the world's population including two billion asians, who obtain 60-70% of their energy intake from rice and its derivatives. to meet the growing demand from human population, rice varieties with higher yield potential and greater yield stability need to be developed. the favourable alleles for yield and yield contributing traits are distributed among two subspecies i.e., indica and japonica of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.). identification of novel fa ... | 2012 | 22876968 |
| reaction specificities of the ε-ionone-forming lycopene cyclase from rice (oryza sativa) elucidated in vitro. | lycopene cyclases responsible for the formation of ε-ionone rings (lcye) mark a plant-specific bifurcation of carotenogenesis. we investigated purified rice lcye (oslcye) in a liposome-based biphasic assay system. oslcye depends on reduced flavin cofactors stabilizing a transient state formed during the non-redox cyclization reaction. in contrast to oslcyb, oslcye produces predominantly monocyclic products and monocyclic carotene intermediates are not suitable substrates. determination of the os ... | 2012 | 22874758 |
| the organelle genomes of hassawi rice (oryza sativa l.) and its hybrid in saudi arabia: genome variation, rearrangement, and origins. | hassawi rice (oryza sativa l.) is a landrace adapted to the climate of saudi arabia, characterized by its strong resistance to soil salinity and drought. using high quality sequencing reads extracted from raw data of a whole genome sequencing project, we assembled both chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) genomes of the wild-type hassawi rice (hassawi-1) and its dwarf hybrid (hassawi-2). we discovered 16 indels (insertions and deletions) but no snp (single nucleotide polymorphism) is present ... | 2012 | 22870184 |
| osdmi3 is a novel component of abscisic acid signaling in the induction of antioxidant defense in leaves of rice. | ca(2+) and calmodulin (cam) have been shown to play an important role in abscisic acid (aba)-induced antioxidant defense. however, it is unknown whether ca(2+)/cam-dependent protein kinase (ccamk) is involved in the process. in the present study, the role of rice ccamk, osdmi3, in aba-induced antioxidant defense was investigated in leaves of rice (oryza sativa) plants. treatments with aba, h(2)o(2), and polyethylene glycol (peg) induced the expression of osdmi3 and the activity of osdmi3, and h( ... | 2012 | 22869603 |
| mapping and characterization of the major quantitative trait locus qss7 associated with increased length and decreased width of rice seeds. | seed shape in rice (oryza sativa) is an important factor that determines grain appearance, cooking quality and grain yield. here, we report a major quantitative trait locus qss7 on the long arm of chromosome 7 for seed length, seed width and the ratio of seed length to width, identified using a segregating population derived from a cross between an indica variety zhenshan97 and a chromosomal segment substitution line of a japonica variety cypress within the genetic background of zhenshan97. the ... | 2012 | 22864386 |
| high-throughput two-dimensional root system phenotyping platform facilitates genetic analysis of root growth and development. | high-throughput phenotyping of root systems requires a combination of specialized techniques and adaptable plant growth, root imaging and software tools. a custom phenotyping platform was designed to capture images of whole root systems, and novel software tools were developed to process and analyse these images. the platform and its components are adaptable to a wide range root phenotyping studies using diverse growth systems (hydroponics, paper pouches, gel and soil) involving several plant sp ... | 2013 | 22860896 |
| the rice rad51c gene is required for the meiosis of both female and male gametocytes and the dna repair of somatic cells. | the reca/rad51 family of rice (oryza sativa) consists of at least 13 members. however, the functions of most of these members are unknown. here the functional characterization of one member of this family, rad51c, is reported. knockout (ko) of rad51c resulted in both female and male sterility in rice. transferring rad51c to the rad51c-ko line restored fertility. cytological analyses showed that the sterility of rad51c-ko plants was associated with abnormal early meiotic processes in both megaspo ... | 2012 | 22859673 |
| genome-wide identification, evolutionary and expression analyses of putative fe-s biogenesis genes in rice (oryza sativa). | iron-sulfur (fe-s) proteins are ubiquitous in nature and carry fe-s clusters (iscs) as prosthetic groups that are essential in maintaining basic biological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen fixation, and dna repair. in the present investigation, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis was carried out to find all the genes involved in the formation of iscs in rice ( oryza sativa l.) through a systematic est and genomic dna sequence data mining. this analysis profiled 44 rice is ... | 2012 | 22856514 |
| identification and fine mapping of qcth4, a quantitative trait loci controlling the chlorophyll content from tillering to heading in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the chlorophyll content is one of the most important traits selected by breeders, and it is controlled by quantitative trait loci (qtls) derived from natural variations in rice. we analyzed the qtl controlling chlorophyll content by using 94 rils derived from a cross between 2 japonica rice cultivars, lijiangxintuanheigu (lth) and shennong265 (sn265). twenty-two qtls controlling chlorophyll content at tillering stage, heading stage, and maturity stage were detected, respectively. among them, ric ... | 2015 | 22851681 |
| identification of two stably expressed qtls for fat content in rice (oryza sativa). | fat content (fc) is an important component of the nutritional quality of the rice (oryza sativa l.) grain and a partial determinant of grain quality. three fc qtls were identified from an analysis of a set of rice 'kasalath'/'koshihikari' backcross inbred lines, which were grown in three independent environments. two of these qtls (qfc7.1 and qfc7.2) were located on chromosome 7, and they were detected in all three environments. the presence of qfc7.1 and qfc7.2 was further confirmed by testing ... | 2012 | 22849582 |
| rna silencing induced by an artificial sequence that prevents proper transcription termination in rice. | posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs) is a sequence-specific mrna degradation caused by small rna, such as microrna (mirna) and small interfering rna (sirna). mirnas are generated from mirna loci, whereas sirnas originate from various sources of double-stranded rna. in this study, an artificial rna silencing inducible sequence (rsis) was identified in rice (oryza sativa). this sequence causes ptgs of 5' or 3' flanking-sequence-containing genes. interestingly, two target genes can be simultan ... | 2012 | 22843666 |
| agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation of rice using two selectable marker genes derived from rice genome components. | a method for agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation of rice (oryza sativa l.) was developed using rice-derived selection markers. two t-dnas were efficiently introduced into separate loci using selectable marker gene cassettes consisting of the mutated acetolactate synthase gene (mals) under the control of the callus-specific promoter (csp) (csp:mals) and the ferredoxin nitrite reductase gene (nir) under the control of its own promoter (nir p:nir). the csp:mals gene cassette confers sulfonylur ... | 2012 | 22843026 |
| transcriptional network analysis of the tryptophan-accumulating rice mutant during grain filling. | in a previous study, we selected a high tryptophan (trp)-accumulating rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant line by in vitro mutagenesis using gamma rays. to obtain detailed information about the trp biosynthetic pathway during the grain-filling in rice, we investigated the gene expression profiles in the wild-type (cv. dongan) and the high-level trp-accumulating mutant line (mrvii-33) at five different grain-filling stages using microarray analysis. the mutant line showed approximately 6.3-fold higher ... | 2012 | 22836167 |
| a pyramid breeding of eight grain-yield related quantitative trait loci based on marker-assistant and phenotype selection in rice (oryza sativa l.). | 1000-grain weight and spikelet number per panicle are two important components for rice grain yield. in our previous study, eight quantitative trait loci (qtls) conferring spikelet number per panicle and 1000-grain weight were mapped through sequencing-based genotyping of 150 rice recombinant inbred lines (rils). in this study, we validated the effects of four qtls from nipponbare using chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls), and pyramided eight grain yield related qtls. the new lines con ... | 2012 | 22835980 |
| gia roots: software for the high throughput analysis of plant root system architecture. | characterizing root system architecture (rsa) is essential to understanding the development and function of vascular plants. identifying rsa-associated genes also represents an underexplored opportunity for crop improvement. software tools are needed to accelerate the pace at which quantitative traits of rsa are estimated from images of root networks. | 2012 | 22834569 |
| rnai knockdown of rice se5 gene is sensitive to the herbicide methyl viologen by the down-regulation of antioxidant defense. | plant heme oxygenase (ho) catalyzes the oxygenation of heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide (co), and free iron (fe(2+))-and arabidopsis and rice (oryza sativa) hos are involved in light signaling. here, we identified that the rice photoperiod sensitivity 5 (se5) gene, which encoded a putative ho with high similarity to ho-1 from arabidopsis (hy1), exhibited ho activity, and localized in the chloroplasts. rice rnai mutants silenced for se5 were generated and displayed early flowering under long-d ... | 2012 | 22829206 |
| determination of amylopectin structure and physicochemical properties in rice endosperm starch of mutant lines derived from malaysian rice cultivar mr219. | characterization of starch properties and functionality can apply breeding program selection for desirable traits such as eating, cooking and processing qualities to meet consumer preference. low amylose content is generally preferred in malaysia because of cohesive, tender and glossy cooked rice. rice high in short-chain amylopectin has a lower transition temperature of starch gelatinization. in the continuing search for improved starch quality in rice cultivars a study was carried out with new ... | 2013 | 22821180 |
| overcoming the difficulties in collecting apoplastic fluid from rice leaves by the infiltration-centrifugation method. | physiological and biochemical studies on the leaf apoplast have been facilitated by the use of the infiltration-centrifugation technique to collect intercellular washing fluid (iwf). however, this technique has been difficult to implement in rice (oryza sativa l.) for various reasons. we compared the collection efficiency of leaf iwf between two types of rice varieties (indica and japonica), as well as between rice and other species (spinach, snap bean and wheat). although the extraction of iwf ... | 2012 | 22813544 |
| cytokinin activity of cis-zeatin and phenotypic alterations induced by overexpression of putative cis-zeatin-o-glucosyltransferase in rice. | cis-zeatin (cz) is generally regarded as a cytokinin with little or no activity, compared with the highly active trans-zeatin (tz). although recent studies suggested possible roles for cz, its physiological significance remains unclear. in our studies with rice (oryza sativa), cz inhibited seminal root elongation and up-regulated cytokinin-inducible genes, and its activities were comparable to those of tz. tracer experiments showed that exogenously supplied cz-riboside was mainly converted into ... | 2012 | 22811434 |
| availability of rubisco small subunit up-regulates the transcript levels of large subunit for stoichiometric assembly of its holoenzyme in rice. | rubisco is composed of eight small subunits coded for by the nuclear rbcs multigene family and eight large subunits coded for by the rbcl gene in the plastome. for synthesis of the rubisco holoenzyme, both genes need to be expressed coordinately. to investigate this molecular mechanism, the protein synthesis of two subunits of rubisco was characterized in transgenic rice (oryza sativa) plants with overexpression or antisense suppression of the rbcs gene. total rbcs and rbcl messenger rna (mrna) ... | 2012 | 22811433 |
| a two-staged model of na+ exclusion in rice explained by 3d modeling of hkt transporters and alternative splicing. | the hkt family of na(+) and na(+)/k(+) transporters is implicated in plant salinity tolerance. amongst these transporters, the cereal hkt1;4 and hkt1;5 are responsible for na(+) exclusion from photosynthetic tissues, a key mechanism for plant salinity tolerance. it has been suggested that na(+) is retrieved from the xylem transpiration stream either in the root or the leaf sheath, protecting the leaf blades from excessive na(+) accumulation. however, direct evidence for this scenario is scarce. ... | 2012 | 22808069 |
| ap2/erf transcription factor in rice: genome-wide canvas and syntenic relationships between monocots and eudicots. | the transcription factor family intimately regulates gene expression in response to hormones, biotic and abiotic factors, symbiotic interactions, cell differentiation, and stress signalling pathways in plants. in this study, 170 ap2/erf family genes are identified by phylogenetic analysis of the rice genome (oryza sativa l. japonica) and they are divided into a total of 11 groups, including four major groups (ap2, erf, dreb, and rav), 10 subgroups, and two soloists. gene structure analysis revea ... | 2012 | 22807623 |
| overexpression of ospap10a, a root-associated acid phosphatase, increased extracellular organic phosphorus utilization in rice. | phosphorus (p) deficiency is a major limitation for plant growth and development. among the wide set of responses to cope with low soil p, plants increase their level of intracellular and secreted acid phosphatases (apases), which helps to catalyze inorganic phosphate (pi) hydrolysis from organo-phosphates. in this study we characterized the rice (oryza sativa) purple acid phosphatase 10a (ospap10a). ospap10a belongs to group ia of purple acid phosphatases (paps), and clusters with the principal ... | 2012 | 22805094 |
| a transgenic system for generation of transposon ac/ds-induced chromosome rearrangements in rice. | the maize activator (ac)/dissociation (ds) transposable element system has been used in a variety of plants for insertional mutagenesis. ac/ds elements can also generate genome rearrangements via alternative transposition reactions which involve the termini of closely linked transposons. here, we introduced a transgene containing reverse-oriented ac/ds termini together with an ac transposase gene into rice (oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. nipponbare). among the transgenic progeny, we identified a ... | 2012 | 22798058 |
| root attributes affecting water uptake of rice (oryza sativa) under drought. | lowland rice roots have a unique physiological response to drought because of their adaptation to flooded soil. rice root attributes that facilitate growth under flooded conditions may affect rice response to drought, but the relative roles of root structural and functional characteristics for water uptake under drought in rice are not known. morphological, anatomical, biochemical, and molecular attributes of soil-grown rice roots were measured to investigate the genotypic variability and genoty ... | 2012 | 22791828 |
| the role of irrigation techniques in arsenic bioaccumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the bioaccumulation of arsenic compounds in rice is of great concern worldwide because rice is the staple food for billions of people and arsenic is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic elements at even trace amounts. the uptake of arsenic compounds in rice comes mainly from its interaction with system soil/water in the reducing conditions typical of paddy fields and is influenced by the irrigation used. we demonstrate that the use of sprinkler irrigation produces rice kernels with a concentra ... | 2012 | 22765219 |
| simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in rice using solid-phase extraction and rp-hplc with photodiode array detection. | an analytical method based on an optimized solid-phase extraction procedure and followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) separation with diode array detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, 4-hydroxy-benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, and cinnamic acids), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), flavonols (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, quercetin-3-o-glucoside, hyperoside, ... | 2012 | 22761138 |
| identification of osbhlh133 as a regulator of iron distribution between roots and shoots in oryza sativa. | iron (fe) is an essential micronutrient element for plant growth. regulation of fe-deficiency signalling networks is one of the many functions reported for basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors in plants. in the present study, osbhlh133 was found to be induced by fe-deficiency conditions in oryza sativa. insertional inactivation of osbhlh133 (bhlh133) resulted in growth retardation, with enhanced fe concentration seen in shoots, and reduced fe concentration in roots. overexpression ... | 2013 | 22755510 |
| rice heterotrimeric g-protein gamma subunits (rgg1 and rgg2) are differentially regulated under abiotic stress. | heterotrimeric g-proteins (α, β and γ subunits) are primarily involved in diverse signaling processes by transducing signals from an activated transmembrane g-protein coupled receptor (gpcr) to appropriate downstream effectors within cells. the role of α and β g-protein subunits in salinity and heat stress has been reported but the regulation of γ subunit of plant g-proteins in response to abiotic stress has not heretofore been described. in the present study we report the isolation of full-leng ... | 2012 | 22751322 |
| a shrunken-2 transgene increases maize yield by acting in maternal tissues to increase the frequency of seed development. | the maize (zea mays) shrunken-2 (sh2) gene encodes the large subunit of the rate-limiting starch biosynthetic enzyme, adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase. expression of a transgenic form of the enzyme with enhanced heat stability and reduced phosphate inhibition increased maize yield up to 64%. the extent of the yield increase is dependent on temperatures during the first 4 d post pollination, and yield is increased if average daily high temperatures exceed 33 °c. as found in wheat (triticum aestivum) ... | 2012 | 22751213 |
| screening for phosphate solubilizing bacteria inhabiting the rhizoplane of rice grown in acidic soil in bangladesh. | the objectives of the research were to isolate phosphate solubilizing bacteria (psb) from the rhizoplane of rice (oryza sativa l.) cv. brridhan 29 cultivated in acidic soils of tangail in bangladesh and evaluate their performances in phosphate solubilization in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. a total of 10 bacterial strains were isolated and purified by repeated streak culture on nutrient agar medium. upon screening, five isolates (os01, os03, os07, os08 and os10) showed varying levels of ... | 2012 | 22750780 |
| can heterotrimeric g proteins help to feed the world? | recently, two important yield quantitative trait loci (qtls), gs3 and dep1, have been cloned in rice (oryza sativa). although their relationship has not been established in the 'rice literature', a recent report identified them as heterotrimeric g protein γ subunits. this identification has profound consequences for our current understanding of both qtls and the plant g protein signaling network and this opinion article discusses how manipulation of g protein signaling may lead to yield improvem ... | 2012 | 22748359 |
| in silico analysis of expression data for identification of genes involved in spatial accumulation of calcium in developing seeds of rice. | the calcium (ca(2+)) transporters, like ca(2+) channels, ca(2+) atpases, and ca(2+) exchangers, are instrumental for signaling and transport. however, the mechanism by which they orchestrate the accumulation of ca(2+) in grain filling has not yet been investigated. hence the present study was designed to identify the potential calcium transporter genes that may be responsible for the spatial accumulation of calcium during grain filling. in silico expression analyses were performed to identify ca ... | 2017 | 22734689 |
| up-regulation of a magnesium transporter gene osmgt1 is required for conferring aluminum tolerance in rice. | magnesium (mg)-mediated alleviation of aluminum (al) toxicity has been observed in a number of plant species, but the mechanisms underlying the alleviation are still poorly understood. when a putative rice (oryza sativa) mg transporter gene, oryza sativa magnesium transporter1 (osmgt1), was knocked out, the tolerance to al, but not to cadmium and lanthanum, was decreased. however, this inhibition could be rescued by addition of 10 μm mg, but not by the same concentration of barium or strontium. ... | 2012 | 22732245 |
| proteomic analysis of salt-responsive ubiquitin-related proteins in rice roots. | ubiquitination of proteins plays an important role in regulating a myriad of physiological functions in plants such as xylogenesis, senescence, cell cycle control, and stress response. however, only a limited number of proteins in plants have been identified as being ubiquitinated in response to salt stress. the relationships between ubiquitination and salt-stress responses in plants are not clear. | 2012 | 22730086 |
| pathways and relative contributions to arsenic volatilization from rice plants and paddy soil. | recent studies have shown that higher plants are unable to methylate arsenic (as), but it is not known whether methylated as species taken up by plants can be volatilized. rice (oryza sativa l.) plants were grown axenically or in a nonsterile soil using a two-chamber system. arsenic transformation and volatilization were investigated. in the axenic system, uptake of as species into rice roots was in the order of arsenate (as(v)) > monomethylarsonic acid (mmas(v)) > dimethylarsinic acid (dmas(v)) ... | 2012 | 22724924 |
| [quantifying rice (oryza sativa l.) photo-assimilated carbon input into soil organic carbon pools following continuous 14c labeling]. | the microcosm experiment was carried out to quantify the input and distribution of photo-assimilated c into soil c pools by using a 14c continuous labeling technique. destructive samplings of rice (oryza sativa) were conducted after labeling for 80 days. the allocation of 14c-labeled photosynthates in plants and soil c pools such as dissolved organic c (doc) and microbial biomass c (mbc) in rice-planted soil were examined over the 14c labeling span. the amounts of rice shoot and root biomass c w ... | 2012 | 22720588 |
| genomic profiling of rice sperm cell transcripts reveals conserved and distinct elements in the flowering plant male germ lineage. | genomic assay of sperm cell rna provides insight into functional control, modes of regulation, and contributions of male gametes to double fertilization. sperm cells of rice (oryza sativa) were isolated from field-grown, disease-free plants and rna was processed for use with the full-genome affymetrix microarray. comparison with gene expression omnibus (geo) reference arrays confirmed expressionally distinct gene profiles. a total of 10,732 distinct gene sequences were detected in sperm cells, o ... | 2012 | 22716952 |
| semi-rolled leaf1 encodes a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein and modulates rice leaf rolling by regulating the formation of bulliform cells. | leaf rolling is an important agronomic trait in rice (oryza sativa) breeding and moderate leaf rolling maintains the erectness of leaves and minimizes shadowing between leaves, leading to improved photosynthetic efficiency and grain yields. although a few rolled-leaf mutants have been identified and some genes controlling leaf rolling have been isolated, the molecular mechanisms of leaf rolling still need to be elucidated. here we report the isolation and characterization of semi-rolled leaf1 (s ... | 2012 | 22715111 |
| inorganic mercury accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.). | to investigate the source and process of inorganic mercury (ihg) accumulation in rice, we monitored the concentrations of ihg in tissues of rice plants (oryza sativa l.) from four experimental plantation plots. biweekly during the rice-growing season, tissues of rice plants, corresponding soil, precipitation, and irrigation water samples were collected. the sampling data support the following: (1) the atmosphere is the principal source of ihg to the aboveground parts of the rice plant; (2) both ... | 2012 | 22707079 |
| thiamine primed defense provides reliable alternative to systemic fungicide carbendazim against sheath blight disease in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a novel pathogen defense strategy by thiamine priming was evaluated for its efficacy against sheath blight pathogen, rhizoctonia solani ag-1a, of rice and compared with that of systemic fungicide, carbendazim (bcm). seeds of semidwarf, high yielding, basmati rice variety vasumati were treated with thiamine (50 mm) and bcm (4 mm). the pot cultured plants were challenge inoculated with r. solani after 40 days of sowing and effect of thiamine and bcm on rice growth and yield traits was examined. hi ... | 2012 | 22705591 |
| molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of the flavonoid, tricin from njavara rice (oryza sativa l.) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: possible role in the inflammatory signaling. | flavonoids are a group of natural substances that are located in sources of vegetal origin and are able to regulate acute and chronic inflammatory responses. the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects corroborate with the preferential use of njavara, a rice variety in indigenous medicine and the phytochemical investigations revealed the occurrence of a flavonoid, tricin at significantly higher levels compared to staple varieties. this study describes the new aspects of inflammatory suppressi ... | 2012 | 22705359 |
| mtr1 encodes a secretory fasciclin glycoprotein required for male reproductive development in rice. | in flowering plants, formation of the haploid male gametophytes in anthers requires the interaction between reproductive cells and the neighboring somatic cells, yet the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. here, we reveal the crucial role of a fasciclin glycoprotein, microspore and tapetum regulator1 (mtr1), in controlling the development of sporophytic and reproductive cells in rice (oryza sativa). mtr1 is specifically expressed in the male reproductive cells, yet its mutant exhibit ... | 2012 | 22698279 |
| the c2h2-type zinc finger protein zfp182 is involved in abscisic acid-induced antioxidant defense in rice. | c(2) h(2) -type zinc finger proteins (zfps) are thought to play important roles in modulating the responses of plants to drought, salinity and oxidative stress. however, direct evidence is lacking for the involvement of these zfps in abscisic acid (aba)-induced antioxidant defense in plants. in this study, the role of the rice (oryza sativa l. sub. japonica cv. nipponbare) c(2) h(2) -type zfp zfp182 in aba-induced antioxidant defense and the relationship between zfp182 and two rice mapks, osmpk1 ... | 2012 | 22693960 |
| evidence of iron cyanides as supplementary nitrogen source to rice seedlings. | the effect of iron cyanides on activities of nitrate reductase (nr) and glutamine synthetase (gs) of plants was investigated. young rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv. xzx 45) were grown in the nutrient solutions containing kno(3) or nh(4)cl and treated with ferro-cyanide [k(4)fe(cn)(6)] or ferri-cyanide [k(3)fe(cn)(6)]. total cyanide and free cyanide in solutions and in plant materials were analyzed. activities of nr and gs in different parts of plants were assayed in vivo. results indicated th ... | 2012 | 22684732 |
| expression analysis of a type s2 eul-related lectin from rice in pichia pastoris. | rice (oryza sativa) expresses different putative carbohydrate-binding proteins belonging to the class of lectins containing an euonymus lectin (eul)-related domain, one of them being orysaeuls2. the orysaeuls2 sequence consists of a 56 amino acid n-terminal domain followed by the eul sequence. in this paper the original sequence of the eul domain of orysaeuls2 and some mutant forms have been expressed in pichia pastoris. subsequently, the recombinant proteins were purified and their carbohydrate ... | 2012 | 22684190 |
| identification of qtls with main, epistatic and qtl × environment interaction effects for salt tolerance in rice seedlings under different salinity conditions. | salt tolerance of rice (oryza sativa l.) at the seedling stage is one of the major determinants of its stable establishment in saline soil. one population of recombinant inbred lines (rils, f (2:9)) derived from a cross between the salt-tolerant variety jiucaiqing and the salt-sensitive variety ir26 was used to determine the genetic mechanism of four salt tolerance indices, seedling height (sh), dry shoot weight (dsw), dry root weight (drw) and na/k ratios (na/k) in roots after 10 days in three ... | 2012 | 22678666 |
| regeneration of plantlets from mature embryo calli of western ghats land race cultivar of rice, oryza sativa l. | the malnad region located in the western ghats of karnataka is known for the cultivation of indigenous rain fed land race cultivar of rice. the present study was to investigate the callogenic and caulogenic potentialities of the two indigenous rice cultivar namely karimundaga and kanadatumba using dehusked mature embryo explants. for callus and shoot bud differentiation, the explants were cultured on murashige and skoog (ms) medium supplemented with 2,4-d (1-3 mg/l), iaa (1-2 mg/l), kn (1-4 mg/l ... | 2012 | 22670480 |
| evolution and association analysis of ghd7 in rice. | plant height, heading date, and yield are the main targets for rice genetic improvement. ghd7 is a pleiotropic gene that controls the aforementioned traits simultaneously. in this study, a rice germplasm collection of 104 accessions (oryza sativa) and 3 wild rice varieties (o.rufipogon) was used to analyze the evolution and association of ghd7 with plant height, heading date, and yield. among the 104 accessions, 76 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and six insertions and deletions were foun ... | 2012 | 22666315 |
| the effects of biochars from rice residue on the formation of iron plaque and the accumulation of cd, zn, pb, as in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | a historically multi-metal contaminated soil was amended with biochars produced from different parts of rice plants (straw, husk and bran) to investigate how biochar can influence the mobility of cd, zn, pb and as in rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.). rice shoot concentrations of cd, zn and pb decreased by up to 98%, 83% and 72%, respectively, due to biochar amendment, though that of as increased by up to 327%. biochar amendments significantly decreased pore water concentrations (c(pw)) of cd and ... | 2012 | 22664390 |
| effect of variations in the redox potential of gleysol on barium mobility and absorption in rice plants. | two assays were designed to obtain information about the influence of redox potential variations on barium mobility and bioavailability in soil. one assay was undertaken in leaching columns, and the other was conducted in pots cultivated with rice (oryza sativa) using soil samples collected from the surface of gleysol in both assays. three doses of barium (100,300 mg kg(-1) and 3000 mg kg(-1)-soil dry weight) and two redox potential values (oxidizing and reducing) were evaluated. during the incu ... | 2012 | 22652443 |
| carbohydrate content and antioxidative potential of the seed of three edible indica rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars. | rice (oryza sativa l.) grains or seeds are known to lose much of their nutrient and antioxidant contents, following polishing. the current study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the carbohydrate content and antioxidant parameters in the unpolished and polished seeds of three edible indica rice cultivars, namely swarna (sw), the most popular indica rice cultivar in india and aromatic or scented cultivars gobindobhog (gb) and pusa basmati (pb). while both the sucrose and starch content was t ... | 2012 | 22650009 |
| recent and projected increases in atmospheric co2 concentration can enhance gene flow between wild and genetically altered rice (oryza sativa). | although recent and projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide can alter plant phenological development, these changes have not been quantified in terms of floral outcrossing rates or gene transfer. could differential phenological development in response to rising co(2) between genetically modified crops and wild, weedy relatives increase the spread of novel genes, potentially altering evolutionary fitness? here we show that increasing co(2) from an early 20(th) century concentration (300 ... | 2012 | 22649533 |
| ricerbp: a resource for experimentally identified rna binding proteins in oryza sativa. | rna binding proteins (rbps) play an important role not only in nuclear gene expression, but also in cytosolic events, including rna transport, localization, translation, and stability. although over 200 rbps are predicted from the arabidopsis genome alone, relatively little is known about these proteins in plants as many exhibit no homology to known rbps in other eukaryotes. furthermore, rbps likely have low expression levels making them difficult to identify and study. as part of our continuing ... | 2012 | 22645600 |
| morphostructural characterization of rice grain (oryza sativa l.) variety morelos a-98 during filling stages. | the morphostructure of grain rice morelos a-98 was characterized in five stages of physiological maturation, in order to generate morphometric information during the filling process. micrographic images from optical and scanning electron microscopy coupled to a digital capture system were used. images were digitally processed to measure different descriptors such as shape, fractal dimension, and surface texture. results showed that, two weeks after anthesis, an accelerated grain filling was obse ... | 2012 | 22645473 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of oschr4, a rice chromatin-remodeling factor required for early chloroplast development in adaxial mesophyll. | mi-2 protein, the central component of the nurd nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complex, plays a role in transcriptional repression in animals. mi-2-like genes have been reported in arabidopsis, though their function in monocots remains largely unknown. in the present study, a rice mi-2-like gene, oschr4 (oryza sativa chromatin remodeling 4, loc_os07g03450), was cloned from a rice mutant with adaxial albino leaves. the oschr4 mutant exhibited defective chloroplasts in adaxial mesop ... | 2012 | 22644768 |
| functional identification of oshk6 as a homotypic cytokinin receptor in rice with preferential affinity for ip. | cytokinins are involved in key developmental processes in rice (oryza sativa), including the regulation of cell proliferation and grain yield. however, the in vivo action of histidine kinases (oshks), putative cytokinin receptors, in rice cytokinin signaling remains elusive. this study examined the function and characteristics of oshk3, 4 and 6 in rice. oshk6 was highly sensitive to isopentenyladenine (ip) and was capable of restoring cytokinin-dependent arr6 reporter expression in the ahk2 ahk3 ... | 2012 | 22642989 |
| activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in rice seedlings during cyanide metabolism. | a study was conducted to investigate activities of nitrate reductase (nr) and glutamine synthetase (gs) in plants during cyanide metabolism. young rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv. xzx 45) were grown in the nutrient solutions containing kno(3) or nh(4)cl and treated with free cyanide (kcn). cyanide in solutions and in plant materials was analyzed to estimate the phyto-assimilation potential. activities of nr and gs in different parts of rice seedlings were assayed in vivo. seedlings grown on n ... | 2012 | 22633925 |
| development of a deletion and genetic linkage map for the 5a and 5b chromosomes of wheat (triticum aestivum). | the aims of the present study were to provide deletion maps for wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) chromosomes 5a and 5b and a detailed genetic map of chromosome 5a enriched with popular microsatellite markers, which could be compared with other existing maps and useful for mapping major genes and quantitative traits loci (qtl). physical mapping of 165 gssr and est-ssr markers was conducted by amplifying each primer pair on chinese spring, aneuploid lines, and deletion lines for the homoeologous grou ... | 2012 | 22624876 |
| transcription factor oshsfc1b regulates salt tolerance and development in oryza sativa ssp. japonica. | salt stress leads to attenuated growth and productivity in rice. transcription factors like heat shock factors (hsfs) represent central regulators of stress adaptation. heat shock factors of the classes a and b are well established as regulators of thermal and non-thermal stress responses in plants; however, the role of class c hsfs is unknown. here we characterized the function of the oshsfc1b (os01g53220) transcription factor from rice. | 2012 | 22616023 |
| the effect of in vitro digestion on steryl ferulates from rice (oryza sativa l.) and other grains. | polished and cargo rice, wild rice, rice bran, corn bran, and wheat bran were subjected to a static in vitro digestion model, to monitor changes in their steryl ferulate content and composition. free sterols, possible hydrolysis products of steryl ferulates, were also measured. additionally, steryl ferulate bioaccessibility was calculated as the percentage of steryl ferulates liberated from the grain matrix into the digestive juice. steryl ferulate content ranged between 6.1 and 3900 μg/g and de ... | 2012 | 22607464 |
| characterization of high-value bioactives in some selected varieties of pakistani rice (oryza sativa l.). | the present study reports the composition and variation of fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols and γ-oryzanol among selected varieties namely basmati super, basmati 515, basmati 198, basmati 385, basmati 2000, basmati 370, basmati pak, ksk-139, ks-282 and irri-6 of pakistani rice (oryza sativa l). oil content extracted with n-hexane from different varieties of brown rice seed (unpolished rice) ranged from 1.92% to 2.72%. total fatty acid contents among rice varieties tested varied between 18240 an ... | 2012 | 22605998 |
| recent retrotransposon insertions are methylated and phylogenetically clustered in japonica rice (oryza sativa spp. japonica). | in plants, the genome of the host responds to the amplification of transposable elements (tes) with dna methylation. however, neither the factors involved in te methylation nor the dynamics of the host-te interaction are well resolved. here, we identify 5,522 long terminal repeat retrotransposons (ltr-rt) in the genome of oryza sativa ssp. japonica and then assess methylation for individual elements. our analyses uncover three strong trends: long ltr-rts are more highly methylated, the insertion ... | 2012 | 22593226 |
| nramp5 is a major transporter responsible for manganese and cadmium uptake in rice. | paddy rice (oryza sativa) is able to accumulate high concentrations of mn without showing toxicity; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying mn uptake are unknown. here, we report that a member of the nramp (for the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein) family, nramp5, is involved in mn uptake and subsequently the accumulation of high concentrations of mn in rice. nramp5 was constitutively expressed in the roots and encodes a plasma membrane-localized protein. nramp5 was polarly ... | 2012 | 22589467 |
| quantifying atp turnover in anoxic coleoptiles of rice (oryza sativa) demonstrates preferential allocation of energy to protein synthesis. | oxygen deprivation limits the energy available for cellular processes and yet no comprehensive atp budget has been reported for any plant species under o(2) deprivation, including oryza sativa. using 3-d-old coleoptiles of a cultivar of o. sativa tolerant to flooding at germination, (i) rates of atp regeneration in coleoptiles grown under normoxia (aerated solution), hypoxia (3% o(2)), and anoxia (n(2)) and (ii) rates of synthesis of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and cell walls, as well as k( ... | 2012 | 22585748 |
| overexpression of the qc-snare gene ossyp71 enhances tolerance to oxidative stress and resistance to rice blast in rice (oryza sativa l.). | ossyp71 is an oxidative stress and rice blast response gene that encodes a qc-snare protein in rice. qc-snare proteins belong to the superfamily of snares (soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors), which function as important components of the vesicle trafficking machinery in eukaryotic cells. in this paper, 12 qc-snare genes were isolated from rice, and expression patterns of 9 genes were detected in various tissues and in seedlings challenged with oxidative stres ... | 2012 | 22583826 |
| a large increase in iaa during development of rice grains correlates with the expression of tryptophan aminotransferase ostar1 and a grain-specific yucca. | the indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) content of developing grains of oryza sativa subsp. japonica was measured by combined liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry in multiple-reaction-monitoring mode. the increase from 50 ng g(-1) fresh weight to 2.9 µg g(-1) fresh weight from 1 to 14 days after pollination was much larger than that previously reported by enzyme-linked immunoassay methods. the largest increase in iaa content coincided with the start of the major starch deposition phase of grai ... | 2012 | 22582989 |
| qtl analysis of percentage of grains with chalkiness in japonica rice (oryza sativa). | appearance quality of rice grains is a major problem for rice production in many areas of the world. we conducted a molecular marker-based genetic analysis of percentage of grains with chalkiness (pgwc), which is a determining factor for appearance quality; it strongly affects milling, eating and cooking quality. an f(8) recombinant inbred line population, which consists of 261 lines derived from a cross between koshihikari (japonica) and c602 (japonica), was used for qtl mapping. three qtls rel ... | 2012 | 22576829 |
| a pcr-based marker for a locus conferring the aroma in myanmar rice (oryza sativa l.). | aromatic rice is an important commodity for international trade, which has encouraged the interest of rice breeders to identify the genetic control of rice aroma. the recessive os2ap gene, which is located on chromosome 8, has been reported to be associated with rice aroma. the 8-bp deletion in exon 7 is an aromatic allele that is present in most aromatic accessions, including the most popular aromatic rice varieties, jasmine and basmati. however, other mutations associated with aroma have been ... | 2012 | 22576235 |
| dwarf50 (d50), a rice (oryza sativa l.) gene encoding inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase, is required for proper development of intercalary meristem. | rice internodes are vital for supporting high-yield panicles, which are controlled by various factors such as cell division, cell elongation and cell wall biosynthesis. therefore, formation and regulation of the internode cell-producing intercalary meristem (im) are important for determining the shape of internodes. to understand the regulation of internode development, we analysed a rice dwarf mutant, dwarf 50 (d50). previously, we reported that parenchyma cells in the elongated internodes of d ... | 2012 | 22574770 |
| inflorescence meristem identity in rice is specified by overlapping functions of three ap1/ful-like mads box genes and pap2, a sepallata mads box gene. | in plants, the transition to reproductive growth is of particular importance for successful seed production. transformation of the shoot apical meristem (sam) to the inflorescence meristem (im) is the crucial first step in this transition. using laser microdissection and microarrays, we found that expression of panicle phytomer2 (pap2) and three apetala1 (ap1)/fruitfull (ful)-like genes (mads14, mads15, and mads18) is induced in the sam during meristem phase transition in rice (oryza sativa). pa ... | 2012 | 22570445 |
| rice choline monooxygenase (oscmo) protein functions in enhancing glycine betaine biosynthesis in transgenic tobacco but does not accumulate in rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica). | glycine betaine (gb) is a compatible quaternary amine that enables plants to tolerate abiotic stresses, including salt, drought and cold. in plants, gb is synthesized through two-step of successive oxidations from choline, catalyzed by choline monooxygenase (cmo) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh), respectively. rice is considered as a typical non-gb accumulating species, although the entire genome sequencing revealed rice contains orthologs of both cmo and badh. several studies unraveled ... | 2012 | 22569963 |
| genetic diversity in basmati rice (oryza sativa l.) germplasm as revealed by microsatellite (ssr) markers. | genetic diversity among rice genotypes, including 15 indica basmati advance lines and 5 basmati improved varieties were investigated by 28 ssr markets including one indel marker. the ssrs covered all the 12 chromosomes that distributed across the rice genomes. the mean number of alleles per locus was 3.60, showing average number of polymorphism information content was 0.48. a total of 101 alleles were also identified from the microsatellite marker loci. a number of ssr markers were also identifi ... | 2012 | 22567855 |
| posttranscriptional control of photosynthetic mrna decay under stress conditions requires 3' and 5' untranslated regions and correlates with differential polysome association in rice. | abiotic stress, including drought, salinity, and temperature extremes, regulates gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. expression profiling of total messenger rnas (mrnas) from rice (oryza sativa) leaves grown under stress conditions revealed that the transcript levels of photosynthetic genes are reduced more rapidly than others, a phenomenon referred to as stress-induced mrna decay (smd). by comparing rna polymerase ii engagement with the steady-state mrna level ... | 2012 | 22566494 |
| rubisco activase is a key regulator of non-steady-state photosynthesis at any leaf temperature and, to a lesser extent, of steady-state photosynthesis at high temperature. | the role of rubisco activase in steady-state and non-steady-state photosynthesis was analyzed in wild-type (oryza sativa) and transgenic rice that expressed different amounts of rubisco activase. below 25°c, the rubisco activation state and steady-state photosynthesis were only affected when rubisco activase was reduced by more than 70%. however, at 40°c, smaller reductions in rubisco activase content were linked to a reduced rubisco activation state and steady-state photosynthesis. as a result, ... | 2012 | 22563799 |
| phosphate solubilizers enhance npk fertilizer use efficiency in rice and legume cultivation. | it has been reported that phosphate solubilizing bacteria (psb) are the most promising bacteria among the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr); which may be used as biofertilizers for plant growth and nutrient use efficiency. moreover, these soil micro-organisms play a significant role in regulating the dynamics of organic matter decomposition and the availability of plant nutrients such as nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p), potassium (k) and other nutrients. through this study, the management ... | 2011 | 22558541 |
| chemical composition, nutritional and toxicological evaluation of rice (oryza sativa) grown in fly ash amended soils. | the purpose of the present study was to evaluate nutritional and toxicological aspects of rice grown in fly ash amended soils. rice was grown on soils with fly ash (200 t ha(-1) ) and without fly ash at two different geographical locations of india. | 2012 | 22549902 |
| characterization of an abc1 kinase family gene osabc1-2 conferring enhanced tolerance to dark-induced stress in rice. | leaf senescence is a complex and highly organized process resulting in numerous changes of gene expression and metabolic procedures. however, the exact mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood. in this study, we reported a rice (oryza sativa) t-dna insertion mutant impaired in an abc1 kinase family gene with a dwarf and pale-green phenotype. the mutant showed reduced pigment content and photosynthetic efficiency and increased superoxide dismutase activity in leaves. the mutate ... | 2012 | 22548231 |
| molecular evaluation of genetic diversity and association studies in rice (oryza sativa l.). | in the present study, we tested rice genotypes that included un(der)exploited landraces of tamil nadu along with indica and japonica test cultivars to ascertain their genetic diversity structure. highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were used for generating marker segregation data. a novel measure, allele discrimination index, was used to determine subpopulation differentiation power of each marker. phenotypic data were collected for yield and component traits. pattern of molecular differen ... | 2012 | 22546822 |
| differential regulation of aquaporins, small gtpases and v-atpases proteins in rice leaves subjected to drought stress and recovery. | mechanisms of drought tolerance are complex, interacting, and polygenic. this paper describes patterns of gene expression at precise physiological stages of drought in 35-day-old seedlings of oryza sativa cv. nipponbare. drought was imposed gradually for up to 15 days, causing abscisic acid levels to rise and growth to cease, and plants were then re-watered. proteins were identified from leaf samples after moderate drought, extreme drought, and 3 and 6 days of re-watering. label-free quantitativ ... | 2012 | 22539437 |