| rapid microassays for clindamycin and gentamicin when present together and the effect of ph and of each on the antibacterial activity of the other. | gentamicin was measured in the presence of clindamycin by using as the assay organism a strain of staphylococcus aureus that was resistant to clindamycin; clindamycin was measured in the presence of gentamicin by using clostridium perfringens as the assay organism. both assays were in agar diffusion systems, were rapid (2 to 4 h), and had errors of less than 10%. neither antibiotic antagonized or synergized with the other against a variety of organisms. the pk of clindamycin was 7.3, and the pk ... | 1974 | 15828171 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria: recent clinical isolates. | minimal inhibitory concentrations of clindamycin, minocycline, metronidazole, penicillin, and carbenicillin were determined by agar dilution against 150 recent clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria. ninety-nine percent of bacteroides fragilis and all b. melaninogenicus, clostridium perfringens, and fusobacterium were inhibited by clindamycin at 3.1 mug/ml. only 58% of other clostridial species were inhibited by this concentration of clindamycin. minocycline at 3.1 mug/ml inhibited 72% of c. pe ... | 1974 | 15830478 |
| the influence of whole wheat feeding on salmonella infection and gut flora composition in broilers. | in an experiment with broilers infected with a rifampicin-resistant salmonella typhimurium strain at 15 days of age, it was demonstrated that whole wheat feeding influenced the course of infection. the ph in the contents of the gizzard decreased as the amount of whole wheat in the diet increased over time. following infection, lower numbers of salmonella typhimurium were found in the gizzard and ileum of birds receiving whole wheat compared to pellet-fed birds. however, there was no difference w ... | 2005 | 15839406 |
| fatal necrotizing colitis following a foodborne outbreak of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a infection. | enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a is the third leading cause of foodborne disease in the united states, resulting annually in an estimated 250,000 cases of a typically mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal illness. | 2005 | 15844055 |
| temperature effect on bacterial growth rate: quantitative microbiology approach including cardinal values and variability estimates to perform growth simulations on/in food. | temperature effect on growth rates of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens and bacillus cereus, was studied. growth rates were obtained in laboratory medium by using a binary dilutions method in which 15 optical density curves were generated to determine one mu value. the temperature was in the range from 2 to 48 degrees c, depending on the bacterial species. data were analysed after a square root transformation. no large difference between the strains of ... | 2004 | 15854703 |
| development of an integrated model for heat transfer and dynamic growth of clostridium perfringens during the cooling of cooked boneless ham. | numerous small meat processors in the united states have difficulties complying with the stabilization performance standards for preventing growth of clostridium perfringens by 1 log10 cycle during cooling of ready-to-eat (rte) products. these standards were established by the food safety and inspection service (fsis) of the us department of agriculture in 1999. in recent years, several attempts have been made to develop predictive models for growth of c. perfringens within the range of cooling ... | 2005 | 15862875 |
| use of conformationally restricted pyridinium alpha-d-n-acetylneuraminides to probe specificity in bacterial and viral sialidases. | investigations into subtle changes in the catalytic activity of sialidases have been performed using enzymes from several different origins, and their results have been compared. this work highlights the potential pitfalls encountered when extending conclusions derived from mechanistic studies on a single enzyme even to those with high-sequence homology. specifically, a panel of 5 pyridinium n-acetylneuraminides were used as substrates in a study that revealed subtle differences in the catalytic ... | 2005 | 15864320 |
| role of n-terminal amino acids in the absorption-enhancing effects of the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | we recently found that a polypeptide, the c-terminal of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe), was a novel type of drug absorption enhancer. the c-terminal of c-cpe is thought to play a role in the binding of c-cpe to its receptor, claudin-4; however, the function of the n-terminal of c-cpe is unclear. in the present study, we evaluated the role of the n-terminal domain of c-cpe in jejunal absorption and claudin-4 binding. the treatment of rat jejunum with c-cpe resulted in enhanced absorp ... | 2005 | 15870390 |
| microarray-based detection of 90 antibiotic resistance genes of gram-positive bacteria. | a disposable microarray was developed for detection of up to 90 antibiotic resistance genes in gram-positive bacteria by hybridization. each antibiotic resistance gene is represented by two specific oligonucleotides chosen from consensus sequences of gene families, except for nine genes for which only one specific oligonucleotide could be developed. a total of 137 oligonucleotides (26 to 33 nucleotides in length with similar physicochemical parameters) were spotted onto the microarray. the micro ... | 2005 | 15872258 |
| the domains of a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin undergo a major fret-detected rearrangement during pore formation. | fret measurements were used to determine the domain-specific topography of perfringolysin o, a pore-forming toxin, on a membrane surface at different stages of pore formation. the data reveal that the elongated toxin monomer binds stably to the membrane in an "end-on" orientation, with its long axis approximately perpendicular to the plane of the membrane bilayer. this orientation is largely retained even after monomer association to form an oligomeric prepore complex. the domain 3 (d3) polypept ... | 2005 | 15878993 |
| multiplex pcr assay for toxinotyping clostridium perfringens isolates obtained from finnish broiler chickens. | the aim of the study was to determine the presence of genes coding for alpha (cpa), beta (cpb), epsilon (etx), iota (ia) and enterotoxin (cpe) from clostridium perfringens broiler chicken isolates, using multiplex pcr assay established in the study. | 2005 | 15892734 |
| removal of micro-organisms in a small-scale hydroponics wastewater treatment system. | aims: to measure the microbial removal capacity of a small-scale hydroponics wastewater treatment plant. methods and results: paired samples were taken from untreated, partly-treated and treated wastewater and analysed for faecal microbial indicators, i.e. coliforms, escherichia coli, enterococci, clostridium perfringens spores and somatic coliphages, by culture based methods. escherichia coli was never detected in effluent water after >5.8-log removal. enterococci, coliforms, spores and colipha ... | 2005 | 15892740 |
| microbial partitioning to settleable particles in stormwater. | the degree to which microbes in the water column associate with settleable particles has important implications for microbial transport in receiving waters, as well as for microbial removal via sedimentation (i.e. detention basins). the partitioning behavior of several bacterial, protozoan and viral indicator organisms is explored in three urban streams under both storm and dry weather conditions. the fraction of organisms associated with settleable particles in stormwater is estimated through u ... | 2005 | 15899275 |
| overexpression of a hydrogenase gene in clostridium paraputrificum to enhance hydrogen gas production. | a [fe]-hydrogenase gene (hyda) was cloned from clostridium paraputrificum m-21 in escherichia coli using a conserved dna sequence of clostridial hydrogenase genes amplified by pcr as the probe. the hyda gene consisted of an open reading frame of 1749 bp encoding 582 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 64,560 da. it was ligated into a shuttle vector, pjir751, originally constructed for clostridium perfringens and e. coli, and expressed in c. paraputrificum. hydrogen gas productivity o ... | 2005 | 15899410 |
| treatment of chemotherapy-resistant human ovarian cancer xenografts in c.b-17/scid mice by intraperitoneal administration of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the united states. although many patients with advanced-stage disease initially respond to standard combinations of surgical and cytotoxic therapy, nearly 90% develop recurrence and inevitably die from the development of chemotherapy-resistant disease. the discovery of novel and effective therapy against chemotherapy-resistant/recurrent ovarian cancer remains a high priority. using expression profiling, we and others have recently ... | 2005 | 15899825 |
| clostridium perfringens foodborne outbreak due to braised chop suey supplied by chafing dish. | on february 13, 2002, a public health center in hiroshima prefecture, japan, was notified that many individuals living at the japan maritime self-defence force base had symptoms resembling those of food poisoning. self-administered questionnaires requesting information regarding meal consumption and symptoms were distributed to all 281 members at the base. a case of the illness was defined as a member who had had watery or mucousy stool, or loose stool with abdominal cramps, more than twice a da ... | 2005 | 15902996 |
| detection of viral, bacterial, and parasitological rna or dna of nine intestinal pathogens in fecal samples archived as part of the english infectious intestinal disease study: assessment of the stability of target nucleic acid. | fecal samples were collected from cases and controls as part of the infectious intestinal disease (iid) study in england and were stored as frozen suspensions for 8 to 12 years. the purpose of this study was to apply pcr-based procedures to assess the stability of pathogen-specific nucleic acid sequences present in this archive. samples from which cryptosporidium, giardia, salmonella, campylobacter, enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaggec), enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens, rotaviruses ... | 2005 | 15905692 |
| what is your diagnosis? spherical gas opacity indicating emphysematous cholecystitis. | | 2005 | 15906561 |
| development of multiplex pcr for the detection of total coliform bacteria for escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens in drinking water. | multiplex pcr amplification of lacz, uida and plc genes was developed for the simultaneous detection of total coliform bacteria for escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens, in drinking water. detection by agarose gel electrophoresis yielded a band of 876 bp for the lacz gene of all coliform bacteria; a band of 147 bp for the uida gene and a band of 876 bp for the lacz gene of all strains of e. coli; a band of 280 bp for the p/c gene for all strains of c. perfringens; and a negative result f ... | 2005 | 15906661 |
| [relationship between the concentration of different bioaerosol components and the general hygienic condition in two pig fattening houses]. | in the study presented here the relationship between the hygienic condition and the concentration of different air contaminants in two pig fattening houses was investigated. deficiencies in routine cleaning, which were characterized by an increased soiling of animals and stable surfaces with faeces, led to increased concentrations of airborne dust, airborne endotoxins as well as increased numbers of total airborne bacteria and airborne gram-negative bacteria. however these deficiencies were not ... | 2005 | 15918487 |
| potentiation of humoral immune responses to vaccine antigens by recombinant chicken il-18 (rchil-18). | mammalian interleukin-18 (il-18) is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in innate immune responses to microbial infection preceding the induction of both cellular and humoral immune responses. we assessed the potential of escherichia coli-expressed his-tag purified recombinant chicken il-18 (rhis-chil-18) as a potentiator of vaccine-induced immune responses in 3 week-old spf chickens and compared it with several commonly used traditional immunostimulating adjuvants. we found that rhis ... | 2005 | 15919141 |
| a cellular deficiency of gangliosides causes hypersensitivity to clostridium perfringens phospholipase c. | clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (cp-plc), also called alpha-toxin, is the major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene. previously, a cellular udp-glc deficiency was related with a hypersensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of cp-plc. because udp-glc is required in the synthesis of proteoglycans, n-linked glycoproteins, and glycosphingolipids, the role of these gly-coconjugates in the cellular sensitivity to cp-plc was studied. the cellular sensitivity to cp-plc was significa ... | 2005 | 15919667 |
| laminin binding protein, 34/67 laminin receptor, carries stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 epitope defined by monoclonal antibody raft.2. | we previously produced monoclonal antibodies against the detergent-insoluble microdomain, i.e., the raft microdomain, of the human renal cancer cell line achn. raft.2, one of these monoclonal antibodies, recognizes sialosyl globopentaosylceramide, which has the stage-specific embryonic antigen (ssea)-4 epitope. although the mouse embryonal carcinoma (ec) cell line f9 does not express ssea-4, some f9 cells stained with raft.2. western analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time ... | 2005 | 15922307 |
| an italian study on cryptosporidium and giardia in wastewater, fresh water and treated water. | cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cysts has been isolated from waters worldwide. in italy, studies on these parasites in the environment are still limited due to absence of epidemiological evidence and difficulty of adequate methodologies of sampling and analysis. the new drinking water directive 98/83/ce states that cryptosporidium has to be determined in water intended for human consumption if clostridium perfringens is detected. this investigation contributes to the knowledge of both crypto ... | 2005 | 15932003 |
| validity of the indicator organism paradigm for pathogen reduction in reclaimed water and public health protection. | the validity of using indicator organisms (total and fecal coliforms, enterococci, clostridium perfringens, and f-specific coliphages) to predict the presence or absence of pathogens (infectious enteric viruses, cryptosporidium, and giardia) was tested at six wastewater reclamation facilities. multiple samplings conducted at each facility over a 1-year period. larger sample volumes for indicators (0.2 to 0.4 liters) and pathogens (30 to 100 liters) resulted in more sensitive detection limits tha ... | 2005 | 15933017 |
| vaccines against the category b toxins: staphylococcal enterotoxin b, epsilon toxin and ricin. | the threat of bioterrorism worldwide has accelerated the demand for the development of therapies and vaccines against the category b toxins: staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb), epsilon toxin (etx) produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d, and ricin, a natural product of the castor bean. the diverse and unique nature of these toxins poses a challenge to vaccinologists. while formalin-inactivated toxins can successfully induce antibody-mediated protection in animals, their usefulness in h ... | 2005 | 15935880 |
| enterotoxaemia involving beta2-toxigenic clostridium perfringens in a white stork (ciconia ciconia). | | 2005 | 15937244 |
| fulminant massive gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens (c.p) gas gangrene is one of the most fulminant infectious diseases. we encountered fulminant massive gas gangrene in a 56- year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. the patient died 14 hours after diagnosis of gas gangrene (54 hours after admission). dramatic changes in abdominal ct imaging revealed development of a massive volume of gas in the intra-portal vein, retroperitoneum and abdominal subcutaneous tissue within 24 hours. we also proved c.p infection by immunoh ... | 2005 | 15942103 |
| protonated structures of naturally occurring deoxyribonucleic acids and their interaction with berberine. | protonation-induced conformational changes in natural dnas of diverse base composition under the influence of low ph, low temperature, and low ionic strength have been studied using various spectroscopic techniques. at ph3.40, 10mm [na+], and at 5 degrees c, all natural dnas irrespective of base composition adopted an unusual and stable conformation remarkably different from the canonical b-form conformation. this protonated conformation has been characterized to have unique absorption and circu ... | 2005 | 15946849 |
| recombinant clostridium perfringens alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase blood group a2 degrading activity. | | 2005 | 15960079 |
| susceptibility of clostridium perfringens to c-c fatty acids. | to determine susceptibility of clostridium perfringens strains ccm 4435(t) and cnctc 5459 to c(2)-c(18) fatty acids, and evaluate influence of ph in cultures grown on glucose. straw particles were added to cultures to simulate the presence of solid phase of the digestive tract milieu. | 2005 | 15960756 |
| necrotizing enterocolitis associated with clostridium perfringens type a in previously healthy north american adults. | necrotizing enteritis associated with clostridium perfringens type c ("pigbel") is a well-known syndrome in severely protein-deprived populations in the pacific. it is exceedingly rare in the developed world. c perfringens type a is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis and, in a handful of infections, has been reported in association with a syndrome resembling necrotizing enteritis. | 2005 | 15978443 |
| clostridium perfringens spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: report of a case and implications for management. | | 2005 | 15986867 |
| [fusion of betal-toxin gene and beta2-toxin gene from clostridium perfringens type c]. | betal-toxin and beta2-toxin genes from chromosomal dna of clostridium perfringens type c were amplified by pcr, pcr products were cleaved with restriction endonucleases and recovered. the recombinant plasmid petxb1-2 containing beta1-beta2 fusion genes was constructed by recombinant technique and then transformed into escherichia coli bl21 (de3). the beta1-beta2 fusion proteins were expressed in recombinant strain bl21 (de3) (petxb1-2), and the expression level of the beta1-beta2 fusion proteins ... | 2005 | 15989261 |
| genetic characterization of the beta-glucuronidase enzyme from a human intestinal bacterium, ruminococcus gnavus. | beta-glucuronidase activity (encoded by the gus gene) has been characterized for the first time from ruminococcus gnavus e1, an anaerobic bacterium belonging to the dominant human gut microbiota. beta-glucuronidase activity plays a major role in the generation of toxic and carcinogenic metabolites in the large intestine, as well as in the absorption and enterohepatic circulation of many aglycone residues with protective effects, such as lignans, flavonoids, ceramide and glycyrrhetinic acid, that ... | 2005 | 16000722 |
| quantitative detection of clostridium perfringens in the broiler fowl gastrointestinal tract by real-time pcr. | strains of clostridium perfringens are a frequent cause of food-borne disease and gas gangrene and are also associated with necrotic enteritis in chickens. to detect and quantify the levels of c. perfringens in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, a quantitative real-time pcr assay utilizing a fluorogenic, hydrolysis-type probe was developed and utilized to assay material retrieved from the broiler chicken cecum and ileum. primers and probe were selected following an alignment of 16s rdna sequenc ... | 2005 | 16000804 |
| effect of relative humidity on preharvest survival of bacterial and viral pathogens on the surface of cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peppers. | the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of humidity on the preharvest survival of microbial pathogens on cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peppers. an additional goal was to evaluate clostridium perfringens as an indicator of fecal contamination on produce. the microorganisms used in this study included escherichia coli, e. coli o157:h7, shigella sonnei, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, clostridium perfringens, hepatitis a virus (hav), feline calicivirus (fcv), and coliphage prd1. t ... | 2005 | 16013370 |
| comparison of the odds of isolation, genotypes, and in vivo production of major toxins by clostridium perfringens obtained from the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome or left-displaced abomasum. | to compare the frequency of isolation, genotypes, and in vivo production of major lethal toxins of clostridium perfringens in adult dairy cows affected with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (hbs) versus left-displaced abomasum (lda). | 2005 | 16013549 |
| massive intravascular hemolysis: a fatal complication of clostridium perfringens septicemia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | | 2005 | 16019522 |
| [comparison of the detection of anaerobic bacteria in haemoculture systems bactec lytic/10 anaerobic/f, bact/alert fan anaerobic and bact/alert fn anaerobic]. | the purpose of this study is to deal with the problem of anaerobic cultivation of clinical specimens and consider the possibility of using semi-automated blood culture instruments. the bactec lytic, bact/alert fan anaerobic and bact/alert fn anaerobic bottles were inoculated with bacteriodes fragilis, clostridium perfringens, peptostreptococcus anaerobius and feingoldia magna strains. the times to detection (ttd) for positive bottles were evaluated with reference to the number of inoculated bact ... | 2005 | 16025428 |
| an enzyme labelled immunosorbent assay for measuring clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin in gut contents. | | 1985 | 16031142 |
| deaths in yellow-eyed penguins (megadyptes antipodes) on the otago peninsula during the summer of 1990. | about 150 rare, adult, yellow-eyed penguins died over a short period during the summer of 1989-1990 on the otago peninsula. these were from a total mainland population estimated at 240 breeding pairs. penguin chicks and non-breeding birds were not affected, but there were indications of shortages in feed supply for birds that bred successfully. thirteen dead penguins were examined. in ten birds, the cause of death was not established. although it was commonly found that adult birds had little or ... | 1993 | 16031693 |
| a national study on the residential impact of biological aerosols from the land application of biosolids. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the community risk of infection from bioaerosols to residents living near biosolids land application sites. | 2005 | 16033462 |
| clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin increases permeability of single perfused microvessels of rat mesentery. | epsilon-toxin, the primary virulence factor of clostridium perfringens type d, causes mortality in livestock, particularly sheep and goats, in which it induces an often-fatal enterotoxemia. it is believed to compromise the intestinal barrier and then enter the gut vasculature, from which it is carried systemically, causing widespread vascular endothelial damage and edema. here we used single perfused venular microvessels in rat mesentery, which enabled direct observation of permeability properti ... | 2005 | 16041001 |
| bacteriological evaluation of commercial canine and feline raw diets. | twenty-five commercial raw diets for dogs and cats were evaluated bacteriologically. coliforms were present in all diets, ranging from 3.5 x 10(3) to 9.4 x 10(6) cfu/g (mean 8.9 x 10(5); standard deviation 1.9 x 10(6)). escherichia coli was identified in 15/25 (64%) diets; however, e. coli o157 was not detected. salmonella spp. were detected in 5/25 (20%) diets; 1 each of beef-, lamb-, quail-, chicken-, and ostrich-based diets. sporeforming bacteria were identified from 4/25 (16%) samples on dir ... | 2005 | 16048011 |
| acute painful vision loss and acute abdomen: a case of endogenous clostridium perfringens endophthalmitis. | | 2005 | 16049539 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae-binding gangliosides of human respiratory (hep-2) cells have a requisite lacto/neolacto core structure. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are a major cause of human infections. we previously demonstrated high affinity and high specificity binding of nthi to minor gangliosides of human respiratory (hep-2) cells and macrophages, but not to brain gangliosides. we further identified the nthi-binding ganglioside of human macrophages as alpha2,3-sialylosylparagloboside (iv3neuac-nlcose4cer, nlm1), which possesses a neolacto core structure that is absent in brain gangliosides. this supported a hy ... | 2005 | 16051069 |
| microbial quality of runoff following land application of cattle manure and swine slurry. | concentrations of human health-related microorganisms in runoff from agricultural plots (0.75 m x 2 m) treated with fresh and aged cattle manure, swine slurry and no manure (control) were determined. three consecutive simulated rainfall events, producing 35 mm rainfall and separated by 24 h, were carried out for each plot. fecal indicator (escherichia coli, enterococci, clostridium perfringens and coliphage) loads released in rainfall runoff from plots treated with fresh cattle manure, aged catt ... | 2005 | 16075941 |
| regulated expression of the beta2-toxin gene (cpb2) in clostridium perfringens type a isolates from horses with gastrointestinal diseases. | recent epidemiological studies suggested that cpb2-positive clostridium perfringens isolates are associated with gastrointestinal (gi) diseases in horses. these putative relationships, indicated by pcr genotyping, were tested in the present study by further genotyping and phenotyping of 23 cpb2-positive c. perfringens isolates from horses with gi disease (referred to hereafter as horse gi disease isolates). our beta2-toxin (cpb2) western blot analyses demonstrated that all of the tested isolates ... | 2005 | 16081942 |
| bacteriological skin and subcutaneous infections in injecting heroin users-relevance for custody. | forensic medical examiners, custody nurses and police not infrequently come into physical contact with injecting heroin users whose injection sites maybe infected. karch evaluated published reports on bacteriological findings at infected injection sites in drug users in 1996. studies were then 10 years out of date. recent concern has been about unexplained deaths in injecting heroin users, partly attributed to toxins produced by clostridium novyii, clostridium perfringens (welchii) and clostridi ... | 2002 | 16083689 |
| inactivation and activity of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins: what structural studies tell us. | the homologous bacterially expressed cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs) form pores via oligomerization; this must occur preferentially once the target membrane has been engaged. conformational changes in cdcs then drive partition from an aqueous environment to a lipidic one. this review addresses how premature oligomerization is prevented, how conformational changes are triggered, and how cooperativity between subunits brings about new functionality absent from isolated protomers. variation ... | 2005 | 16084382 |
| inhibition of clostridium perfringens by a novel strain of bacillus subtilis isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy chickens. | the objectives of this study were to isolate beneficial strains of microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy chickens and to screen them against clostridium perfringens, a causative agent of necrotic enteritis in poultry. one of the bacteria isolated, a strain of bacillus subtilis, was found to possess an anticlostridial factor that could inhibit the c. perfringens atcc 13124 used in this study. the anticlostridial factor produced by b. subtilis pb6 was found to be fully or part ... | 2005 | 16085801 |
| role of c-terminal regions of the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in its interaction with claudin-4. | claudin family proteins, which contain 4 transmembrane domains, play a pivotal role in the barrier function of tight junctions (tjs) in epithelial sheets. we previously found that a modulator of claudin-4, the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe), is a potent enhancer of jejunal drug absorption in rats. but the effects of c-cpe on the barrier function of tjs have never been fully understood. in the present study, we investigated the effects of c-cpe on the barrier f ... | 2005 | 16091298 |
| a risk microbiological profile of the australian red meat industry: risk ratings of hazard-product pairings. | a risk profile of microbial hazards across the supply continuum for the beef, sheep and goat meat industries was developed using both a qualitative tool and a semi-quantitative, spreadsheet tool, risk ranger. the latter is useful for highlighting factors contributing to food safety risk and for ranking the risk of various product/pathogen combinations. in the present profile the qualitative tool was used as a preliminary screen for a wide range of hazard-product pairings while risk ranger was us ... | 2005 | 16099063 |
| incidence and clinical significance of anaerobic bacteraemia in cancer patients: a 6-year retrospective study. | recent studies have shown that anaerobes account for 0.5-9% of all episodes of bacteraemia in hospitalised patients, with variations according to geographical location and demographic characteristics, most notably age, but few data are available for cancer patients. this study investigated retrospectively the incidence of anaerobic bacteraemia in cancer patients who received non-surgical treatment over a 6-year period at a tertiary oncology centre. gastrointestinal (27%) and haematological (29%) ... | 2005 | 16104987 |
| clostridium perfringens type a & antibiotic associated diarrhoea. | clostridium perfringens type a (cpa) isolates produce lethal necrotizing antigens and the heat resistant forms of the organism are associated with pathogenic outcome in humans. cpa has also been implicated in antibiotic associated diarrhoea (aad). we therefore undertook this study to investigate the presence of cpa in stool samples of patients with aad in a tertiary care setting in north india. | 2005 | 16106091 |
| [preparation of alpha-toxin's protective antigen of clostridium perfringens type a and research for its primary immunological protective function]. | induced by 42 degrees c, the recombinant engineering bacterial pbv/cpa408 was highly expressed. after having been pelleted by 80% (nh4)2 so4 and dialysised, the expressed protein was isolated and purified by the gel filtration choromatography. then according to an amount of 1.0 mg/kg, the kunming mice (body weighted 18g) were immuned with the purified protein by intraperitoneal inoculation. one week after the first enhanced immunization, the kunming mice were attacked with an amount of 1.0mld al ... | 2004 | 16108492 |
| decrease of enteric micro-organisms from rural sewage sludge during their composting in straw mixture. | to study the decrease of enteric micro-organisms including viable nematode eggs, enteroviruses, faecal indicators (escherichia coli and enterococci) and pathogenic bacteria (listeria monocytogenes, salmonella sp. and clostridium perfringens) of a rural sewage sludge when it is composted for 7 months in mixture with straw. | 2005 | 16108794 |
| enumeration of specific bacterial populations in complex intestinal communities using quantitative pcr based on the chaperonin-60 target. | we used qpcr and the target gene chaperonin-60 (cpn60) to enumerate clostridium perfringens genomes in dna extracts from contents of the chicken gastrointestinal tract with the aim of optimizing this methodology to enumerate any bacterium of interest. to determine the most accurate protocols for determining target species abundance, we compared various dna extraction methods in combination with four methods for producing standard curves. factors affecting accuracy included the co-purification of ... | 2006 | 16112762 |
| synergy in polymicrobial infections in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. | human diabetics frequently suffer delayed wound healing, increased susceptibility to localized and systemic infections, and limb amputations as a consequence of the disease. lower-limb infections in diabetic patients are most often polymicrobial, involving mixtures of aerobic, facultative anaerobic, and anaerobic bacteria. the purpose of this study is to determine if these organisms contribute to synergy in polymicrobial infections by using diabetic mice as an in vivo model. the model was the ob ... | 2005 | 16113326 |
| evaluation of synthetic dna probes for confirmation of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin gene pcr products. | a new diagnostic reagent was developed that is capable of detecting the presence of clostridium perfringens rapidly and accurately compared to the conventional methods. c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) gene is the gene of interest since it encodes the enterotoxin responsible for food poisoning. two new cpe-specific labeled dna probes were evaluated using southern and dot blot hybridization. bacterial dna was amplified by a duplex pcr procedure. the results showed that 40 enterotoxin producing c. ... | 2005 | 16124435 |
| genomics of clostridial pathogens: implication of extrachromosomal elements in pathogenicity. | the recently decoded genomes of the major clostridial toxin-producing pathogens clostridium perfringens, clostridium tetani, clostridium botulinum and clostridium difficile have provided a huge amount of new sequence data. recent studies have focused on the identification and investigation of pathogenic determinants and the regulatory events governing their expression. the sequence data revealed also the genomic background of virulence genes, as well as the contribution of extrachromosomal eleme ... | 2005 | 16125440 |
| evaluation of bact/alert plastic culture bottles for use in testing pooled whole blood-derived leukoreduced platelet-rich plasma platelets with a single contaminated unit. | in certain countries, whole blood-derived platelet (plt)-rich plasma plts can only be pooled within 4 hours of transfusion. one prerequisite for prestorage pooling is the ability to detect low levels of bacteria from a single unit (approx. 10 colony-forming units [cfus]/ml) once pooled (10/6 approx. 2 cfus/ml). this study evaluated the bact/alert (biomérieux) for detection of bacteria in 1 unit of a 6-unit pool. | 2005 | 16131385 |
| antibiotic-induced expression of a cryptic cpb2 gene in equine beta2-toxigenic clostridium perfringens. | the cpb2 gene of beta2-toxigenic clostridium perfringens isolated from horses, cattle, sheep, human and pigs was sequenced. the cpb2 gene of equine and other non-porcine isolates differed from porcine isolates by the absence of an adenine in a poly a tract immediately downstream of the start codon in all non-porcine c. perfringens strains. this deletion involved formation of a cryptic gene harbouring a premature stop codon after only nine amino acid codons, while the full beta2-toxin protein con ... | 2005 | 16135225 |
| identification and molecular cloning of a novel glycoside hydrolase family of core 1 type o-glycan-specific endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase from bifidobacterium longum. | we found endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase in most bifidobacterial strains, which are predominant bacteria in the human colon. this enzyme catalyzes the liberation of galactosyl beta1,3-n-acetyl-d-galactosamine (galbeta1,3galnac) alpha-linked to serine or threonine residues from mucin-type glycoproteins. the gene (engbf) encoding the enzyme has been cloned from bifidobacterium longum jcm 1217. the protein consisted of 1,966 amino acid residues, and the central domain (590-1381 amino acid resi ... | 2005 | 16141207 |
| one-bead-one-inhibitor-one-substrate screening of neuraminidase activity. | given the eminent threat of a 21st century flu pandemic, the search for novel antiviral compounds is an increasingly important area of research. recent developments in antiviral research have established the viability of targeting viral neuraminidase (na), an enzyme that cleaves sialic acid from the cell-surface-mediating passage of the virus in the respiratory tract. n-acetyl neuraminic acid (neuac) is the substrate for na, and analogues of this core structure have been commercialized as antivi ... | 2005 | 16149103 |
| 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based studies of the metabolism of food-borne carcinogen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline by human intestinal microbiota. | 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq) is a mutagenic/carcinogenic compound formed from meat and fish during cooking. following ingestion, iq is metabolized mainly by liver xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, but intestinal bacteria may also contribute to its biotransformation. the aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of iq by the human intestinal microbiota. following incubation of iq (200 microm) under anoxic conditions with 100-fold dilutions of stools freshly collected from ... | 2005 | 16151094 |
| infectious agents associated with epizootic rabbit enteropathy: isolation and attempts to reproduce the syndrome. | epizootic rabbit enteropathy (ere), a highly lethal (30-80% mortality) disease of broiler rabbits aged 6-14 weeks, first appeared in 1997 in french intensive enclosed rabbitries and is of unknown aetiology. bacteriological, virological and parasitical examination of the intestinal contents of rabbits that had died either in spontaneous field cases or after experimental reproduction of ere, were undertaken in an attempt to identify infectious agents that may play a role in the disease. two bacter ... | 2006 | 16154367 |
| unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed konjac glucomannans modulated cecal and fecal microflora in balb/c mice. | the prebiotic role of intact konjac glucomannan (kgm) is contradictory. short-chain glucomannan may cause a greater or faster effect on colonic microflora compared with kgm. therefore, time-course and dose-dependent studies were conducted to examine and compare effects of unhydrolyzed kgm with those of acid-hydrolyzed glucomannan (kh) on cecal and fecal microflora. short-chain fatty acid concentrations in cecal content were also determined. | 2005 | 16157244 |
| [emphysematous cystitis due to clostridium perfringens--a localised infection in a man with generalized melanoma]. | emphysematous cystitis was found at autopsy of a 47-year-old man suffering from generalised malignant melanoma. bacteriological cultures from the urinary bladder showed escherichia coli, klebsiella sp. and clostridium perfringens type a, toxic strain. the histological examination revealed cystic dilatation of lymphatic vessels both in bladder mucosa and muscularis propria. there were multinucleated macrophages in the lining of some of these cystic spaces and a few gram-positive rods inside their ... | 2005 | 16161456 |
| validation of bacon processing conditions to verify control of clostridium perfringens and staphylococcus aureus. | it is unclear how rapidly meat products, such as bacon, that have been heat treated but not fully cooked should be cooled to prevent the outgrowth of spore-forming bacterial pathogens and limit the growth of vegetative cells. clostridium perfringens spores and vegetative cells and staphylococcus aureus cells were inoculated into ground cured pork bellies with and without 1.25% liquid smoke. bellies were subjected to the thermal profiles of industrial smoking to 48.9 degrees c (120 degrees f) and ... | 2005 | 16161681 |
| massive haemolysis because of clostridium perfringens [corrected] liver abscess in a patient on peritoneal dialysis. | | 2005 | 16173955 |
| [deoxyribonuclease activity detection in clostridium chauvoei strains]. | beta toxin of c. chauvoei has desoxiribonuclease (dnase) activity which is regarded as one of its virulence factors. the production of dnase was detected in strains isolated from bovines, using as controls c. chauvoei atcc 10092, and c. perfringens type a and c. septicum, both laboratory isolates. the enzyme activity was made evident on a dna substrate observing the macroscopic degradation. a simple methodology was developed using a commercial medium for dnase test, with the incorporation of ste ... | 2005 | 16178463 |
| preparation of a claudin-targeting molecule using a c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | although most malignant tumors are epithelia-derived carcinomas, methods for specific and effective delivery of antitumor agents to carcinomas have not been developed. recent reports indicate that epithelia overexpress claudin-3 and -4, which are integral membrane proteins of epithelial tight junctions. this suggests that claudins can be targeted for tumor therapy, but there is not currently a method for delivering drugs to claudin-expressing cells. in the present study, we evaluated whether a p ... | 2006 | 16183701 |
| investigation of a syndrome of sudden death, splenomegaly, and small intestinal hemorrhage in farmed deer. | a newly recognized syndrome, characterized by sudden death of farmed deer that are in good to excellent nutritional condition, with lesions of small intestinal mucosal hemorrhage and splenomegaly, is described. other frequently observed lesions were small intestinal mucosal necrosis, abomasal hemorrhage, random hepatic necrosis, and multifocal hepatic congestion. clostridium perfringens type a was isolated in high numbers from the intestines of many of the deer affected by the syndrome; however, ... | 2005 | 16187713 |
| jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in dairy and beef cattle: 11 cases (2001 to 2003). | the medical records of 11 cattle with jejunal hemorrhage syndrome were reviewed. female and male, lactating and pregnant, dairy and beef cattle were affected. decreased feed intake and milk production, reduced amounts of dark feces, and abdominal discomfort were common historical findings. common clinical findings included depressed demeanor, a "ping" and fluid-splashing sounds over the right abdomen, melena, and distended loops of intestine on rectal palpation. surgery was done on 7 cases, 10 c ... | 2005 | 16187715 |
| pharmacodynamics of moxifloxacin against anaerobes studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. | the antibacterial effects of moxifloxacin against bacteroides fragilis, clostridium perfringens, and gram-positive anaerobic cocci (gpac) were studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. initially, a dose-ranging study with area under the concentration-time curve (auc)/mic ratios of 6.7 to 890 was used to investigate the effect of anaerobic conditions on the auc/mic antibacterial effect (abe) relationship with escherichia coli. the auc/mic ratios for 50% and 90% effects, using a log cfu drop a ... | 2005 | 16189103 |
| evidence for clostridial implication in necrotizing enterocolitis through bacterial fermentation in a gnotobiotic quail model. | despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) remains elusive. the aim of our work was to investigate the role of bacterial strains involved in nec in gnotobiotic quails as experimental model. six groups of germ-free quails that were fed a lactose diet were associated with klebsiella pneumoniae, clostridium perfringens, c. difficile, c. paraputrificum, or c. butyricum (two strains). implantation level, incidence of cecal lesions, production of short-cha ... | 2005 | 16189185 |
| intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity. | coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis (ne) are globally common, sometimes intercurrent, diseases of poultry. the risk of ne, due to the gram-positive bacterium clostridium perfringens, has increased in recent years because of the voluntary or legally required withdrawal of the use of certain in-feed antibiotic growth promoters with anticlostridial activity. in-feed ionophorous anticoccidial drugs incidentally also possess anticlostridial activity. such ionophores, although not banned, are usually p ... | 2005 | 16191699 |
| metabolic activation of bladder procarcinogens, 2-aminofluorene, 4-aminobiphenyl, and benzidine by pseudomonas aeruginosa and other human endogenous bacteria. | pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen of the human urinary tract, and other selected human endogenous bacteria were investigated for metabolic activation of the bladder procarcinogens, 2-aminofluorene (2-af), 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ab), and benzidine (bz). the cell-free extracts of pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus saprophyticus, klebsiella pneumoniae, and intestinal anaerobes, ... | 2006 | 16203120 |
| concentrations of pathogens and indicators in animal feces in the sydney watershed. | a fecal analysis survey was undertaken to quantify animal inputs of pathogenic and indicator microorganisms in the temperate watersheds of sydney, australia. the feces from a range of domestic animals and wildlife were analyzed for the indicator bacteria fecal coliforms and clostridium perfringens spores, the pathogenic protozoa cryptosporidium and giardia, and the enteric viruses adenovirus, enterovirus, and reovirus. pathogen and fecal indicator concentrations were generally higher in domestic ... | 2005 | 16204506 |
| human parainfluenza virus 3 neuraminidase activity contributes to dendritic cell maturation. | mechanisms of dendritic cells (dcs) immunomodulation by parainfluenza viruses have not been characterized. we analyzed whether the human parainfluenza 3 (hpf3) virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein (hn) might influence dc maturation. hn possesses a receptor binding function and a neuraminidase or desialidating activity. to assess whether the neuraminidase activity of hn affects dc maturation, human myeloid dcs were exposed to either live or uv-inactivated hpf3 viruses containing wild ty ... | 2005 | 16212531 |
| analysis of glycoside hydrolase family 98: catalytic machinery, mechanism and a novel putative carbohydrate binding module. | glycoside hydrolases (ghs) are diverse enzymes of biotechnological and medical importance. bioinformatics contributes to our understanding of gh structure and function in various ways, including dissection of their typically modular structures and detection of the distant evolutionary relationships between families that often allow for prediction of catalytic sites. here these twin strands are applied to the recently described gh98 family, the founder member of which is a blood group glycotope-c ... | 2005 | 16212961 |
| peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite effectiveness in reducing resistant stages of microorganisms. | a comparative study on the efficacy of peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite in inactivating resistant stages of microorganisms such as cryptosporidium, giardia and cl. perfingens was carried out. furthermore the evaluation of the potential reciprocal correlation among the concentrations of the organisms was performed. the results obtained indicate that, at the same experimental conditions, peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite have nearly similar reduction power against the resistant stages o ... | 2005 | 16218334 |
| lesions in the brains of three cattle resembling the lesions of enterotoxaemia in lambs. | a 3-month-old female angus calf was found dead, and two adult friesian dairy cows died soon after developing nervous signs. pathological findings: grossly, bilateral and mostly symmetrical areas of haemorrhage were evident that mainly involved areas of grey matter in the brainstem from the level of the caudal colliculi to the thalamus and, in one, the internal capsule and caudate nucleus. in the occipital and caudal parietal cortex, there was extensive oedema of white matter. histologically, in ... | 2005 | 16220132 |
| modeling and predicting non-isothermal microbial growth using general purpose software. | published experimental isothermal growth curves of clostridium perfringens cells in ground ham were fitted with a modified three-parameter version of the logistic equation as a primary model and the temperature dependence of the three parameters by ad hoc empirical secondary models. these were used to predict the organism's non-isothermal growth curves under three different cooling regimes. the assumption has been that the organism's instantaneous (or momentary) non-isothermal growth rate is the ... | 2006 | 16226331 |
| building a successful structural motif into sialylmimetics-cyclohexenephosphonate monoesters as pseudo-sialosides with promising inhibitory properties. | a variable synthesis of a new class of sialylmimetics which provides access to pseudo-sialosides containing the successful cyclohexene motif in the sialic acid mimicking part has been developed. the d- and l-xylo cyclohexenephosphonate scaffolds allow attachment of selected aglycons or aglycon mimetics via mixed phosphonate diester strategies and some target compounds thus synthesized displayed promising inhibitory properties when tested with parasitic or bacterial sialidases. | 2006 | 16230015 |
| determination of the effect of single abomasal or jejunal inoculation of clostridium perfringens type a in dairy cows. | a randomized study was conducted to determine if inoculation of the abomasum or jejunum with clostridium perfringens type a would induce jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in healthy cows. twelve adult nonlactating dairy cows were inoculated with 10 ml of pure culture broth of c. perfringens type a (beta2 toxin positive) into the abomasum (n = 6) or jejunum (n = 6). on day 6, the cows were euthanized and samples for culture were taken from the abomasum, jejunum, and feces. no cows developed clinical si ... | 2005 | 16231652 |
| a characterization of anaerobic colonization and associated mucosal adaptations in the undiseased ileal pouch. | the resolution of pouchitis with metronidazole points to an anaerobic aetiology. pouchitis is mainly seen in patients with ulcerative colitis pouches (ucp). we have recently found that sulphate reducing bacteria (srb), a species of strict anaerobe, colonize ucp exclusively. herein, we aimed to correlate levels of different bacterial species (including srb) with mucosal inflammation and morphology. | 2005 | 16232236 |
| a new type of beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from hydrogen-producing clostridium paraputrificum m-21. | a beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase gene (nag84a) was cloned from clostridium paraputrificum m-21 in escherichia coli. the nag84a gene consists of an open reading frame of 4647 by encoding 1549 amino acids, with a deduced molecular weight of 174,311, which have a catalytic domain belonging to family 84 of the glycoside hydrolases. nag84a was purified from a recombinant e. coli and characterized. although nag84a exhibited high homology to the hyaluronidase from clostridium perfringens, it did not degr ... | 2003 | 16233520 |
| electrotransformation of clostridium paraputrificum m-21 with some plasmids. | clostridium paraputrificum m-21 was transformed with several shuttle plasmids constructed for clostridium acetobutylicum-escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens-e. coli by electroporation. the clostridium stercorarium xylanase gene xyn10b was successfully expressed in c. paraputrificum m-21 and the expressed protein did not suffer from proteolysis by host protease(s). this system will provide us with a genetic tool for genetic and metabolic engineering of this bacterium. | 2003 | 16233526 |
| epsilon-toxin is required for most clostridium perfringens type d vegetative culture supernatants to cause lethality in the mouse intravenous injection model. | clostridium perfringens type d enterotoxemias have significant economic impact by causing rapid death of several domestic animal species. consequently, domestic animals are commonly vaccinated, at varying efficacy, with inactivated type d vegetative supernatants. improved type d vaccines might become possible if the lethal toxins produced by type d isolates were characterized and the contributions of those toxins to supernatant-induced lethality were established. therefore, the current study eva ... | 2005 | 16239541 |
| helical crystallization on nickel-lipid nanotubes: perfringolysin o as a model protein. | to facilitate purification and subsequent structural studies of recombinant proteins the most widely used genetically encoded tag is the histidine tag (his-tag) which specifically binds to n-nitrilotriacetic-acid-chelated nickel ions. lipids derivatized with a nickel-chelating head group can be mixed with galactosylceramide glycolipids to prepare lipid nanotubes that bind his-tagged proteins. in this study, we use his-tagged perfringolysin o (pfo), a soluble toxin secreted by the bacterial patho ... | 2005 | 16242343 |
| chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from the leaves of sesuvium portulacastrum. | sesuvium portulacastrum has long been used as a remedy for fever and scurvy. hydrodistillation was used to extract the essential oil from the fresh leaves of sesuvium portulacastrum. the essential oil yield obtained was 0.15%. using gc-ms analysis, alpha-pinene, camphene, beta-pinene, alpha-terpinene, o-cymene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, alpha-terpinene, bornyl acetate, tridecane, trans-caryophyllene and alpha-humulene were identified. the hole plate diffusion method was used for antibacterial testi ... | 2006 | 16243465 |
| [study of real-time pcr assays for rapid detection of food-borne pathogens]. | a duplex real-time sybr green lightcycler pcr (lc-pcr) assay with dna extraction using qiaamp dna stool minikit was evaluated for detection of 8 of 19 species of food-borne pathogens, including plesiomonas shigelloides, providencia alcalifaciens, in five stool specimens. the time frame was within 2h or less. the protocol used the same lc-pcr with 22 pairs of specific primers. the rapid amplification and reliable detection of specific genes were determined by this lc-pcr assay from 10 cases of fo ... | 2005 | 16248373 |
| sublumbar abscess and diskospondylitis in a cat. | diskospondylitis is uncommon in cats. we describe a cat with diskospondylitis of the l7-s1 intervertebral disk, and a concurrent sublumbar abscess. radiographic, computed tomographic and ultrasonographic findings are presented. aerobic and anaerobic cultures of blood and spinal fluid yielded no growth. aerobic and anaerobic urine cultures resulted in growth of an enterococcus sp. and clostridium perfringens, respectively. the cat was successfully treated with enrofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavula ... | 2005 | 16250397 |
| prevalence of clostridium difficile toxins a and b and clostridium perfringens enterotoxin a in stool samples of patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. | antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) is a major nosocomial as well as a community health problem. clostridium difficile toxins (cdt) can be detected in only 10-25% of patients with aad. the role of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin a (cpent) as a cause of aad remains to be elucidated. we, therefore, prospectively investigated the prevalences of both cpent and cdt in stool samples of patients with aad. | 2005 | 16258864 |
| clostridium perfringens toxin-types in lambs and kids affected with gastroenteric pathologies in italy. | a study was carried out in the south of italy to assess the role of clostridia in neonatal diseases of lambs and kids. eighty-seven lambs and 15 kids belonging to 25 flocks were examined and clostridium perfringens was the microorganism most commonly identified. c. perfringens isolates were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), in order to determine the prevalence of the genes cpa, cpb, cpb2, etx, iap and cpe. the most prevalent toxin-type of c. perfringens was found to be type a found in ... | 2005 | 16266848 |
| use of active substances of plant origin in chicken diets based on maize and locally grown cereals. | 1. a total of 336 hubbard hi-y broiler hybrids were fed from d 1-41 on diets based on maize or wheat and barley which were supplemented (or not) with 100 mg/kg plant extract consisting of capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol. 2. body weight was not enhanced, but feed conversion improved by 4.2% on the maize diet and 2.0% on the wheat and barley diet. 3. plant extract addition enhanced the breast muscle proportion of empty body weight by 1.2% in comparison to control birds. 4. the apparent ile ... | 2005 | 16268107 |
| construction of an alpha toxin gene knockout mutant of clostridium perfringens type a by use of a mobile group ii intron. | in developing clostridium perfringens as a safe vaccine vector, the alpha toxin gene (plc) in the bacterial chromosome must be permanently inactivated. disrupting genes in c. perfringens by traditional mutagenesis methods is very difficult. therefore, we developed a new strategy using group ii intron-based target-tron technology to inactivate the plc gene in c. perfringens atcc 3624. western blot analysis showed no production of alpha toxin protein in the culture supernatant of the plc mutant. a ... | 2005 | 16269799 |