| the high-adhesive properties of the fimh adhesin of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis are determined by a single f118s substitution. | the binding properties of low- and high-adhesive forms of fimh adhesins from salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium (s. enteritidis and s. typhimurium) were studied using chimeric proteins containing an additional peptide that represents an n-terminal extension of the fimf protein. this modification, by taking advantage of a donor strand exchange mechanism, closes the hydrophobic groove in the fimbrial domain of the fimh adhesin. such self-complemented adhesins (scfimh) did not ... | 2010 | 20299404 |
| inhibition of the ptdins(5) kinase pikfyve disrupts intracellular replication of salmonella. | 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides (3-ptdins) orchestrate endocytic trafficking pathways exploited by intracellular pathogens such as salmonella to gain entry into the cell. to infect the host, salmonellae subvert its normal macropinocytic activity, manipulating the process to generate an intracellular replicative niche. disruption of the ptdins(5) kinase, pikfyve, be it by interfering mutant, sirna-mediated knockdown or pharmacological means, inhibits the intracellular replication of salmonella ... | 2010 | 20300065 |
| identification of the regulatory logic controlling salmonella pathoadaptation by the ssra-ssrb two-component system. | sequence data from the past decade has laid bare the significance of horizontal gene transfer in creating genetic diversity in the bacterial world. regulatory evolution, in which non-coding dna is mutated to create new regulatory nodes, also contributes to this diversity to allow niche adaptation and the evolution of pathogenesis. to survive in the host environment, salmonella enterica uses a type iii secretion system and effector proteins, which are activated by the ssra-ssrb two-component syst ... | 2010 | 20300643 |
| expression of the avian-specific toll-like receptor 15 in chicken heterophils is mediated by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, but not tlr agonists. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are a critical component of the innate immune response of mammalian and avian species. while most mammalian tlrs have been well characterized, the chicken-specific tlr15 has not been extensively studied. we recently demonstrated that tlr15 is differentially expressed between salmonella-susceptible-and-resistant chickens, indicating a potential role in the innate immune response to infection with salmonella. the aim of the present study was to gain better insight into t ... | 2010 | 20303182 |
| evaluation of suspension array analysis for detection of egg yolk antibodies against salmonella enteritidis. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) is an important source of food-related diarrhoea in humans, and table eggs are considered the primordial source of contamination of the human food chain. using eggs collected at egg-packing stations as samples could be a convenient strategy to detect colonization of layer flocks. the aim of this study was to evaluate egg yolk anti-salmonella antibody detection using suspension array analysis. an egg yolk panel from contact-infected and non-colonized l ... | 2010 | 20303192 |
| characterisation of multidrug-resistant salmonella typhimurium 4,[5],12:i:- dt193 strains carrying a novel genomic island adjacent to the thrw trna locus. | in 2006, monophasic, multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- strains appeared as a novel serotype in germany, associated with large diffuse outbreaks and increased need for hospitalisation. the emerging 4,[5],12:i:- strains isolated from patients in germany belong mainly to phage type dt193 according to the anderson phage typing scheme for s. typhimurium (stm) and exhibit at least a tetra-drug resistance. the strains have been shown to harbour stm-specific gifs ... | 2010 | 20303825 |
| natural and synthetic compounds such as trimethoprim behave as inhibitors of efflux in gram-negative bacteria. | we hypothesized that small heterocyclic or nitrogen-containing compounds could act as rnd efflux pump inhibitors (epis). to ascertain possible epis, we sought to identify compounds that synergized with substrates of rnd efflux pumps for wild-type bacteria and those that overexpress an efflux pump, but had no synergistic activity against strains in which a gene encoding a component of the acrab-tolc efflux pump had been inactivated. | 2010 | 20304975 |
| thiol peroxidase protects salmonella enterica from hydrogen peroxide stress in vitro and facilitates intracellular growth. | at present, salmonella is considered to express two peroxiredoxin-type peroxidases, tsaa and ahpc. here we describe an additional peroxiredoxin, tpx, in salmonella enterica and show that a single tpx mutant is susceptible to exogenous hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), that it has a reduced capacity to degrade h(2)o(2) compared to the ahpcf and tsaa mutants, and that its growth is affected in activated macrophages. these results suggest that tpx contributes significantly to the sophisticated defense ... | 2010 | 20304995 |
| effect of bovine lactoferrin in salmonella ser. typhimurium infection in mice. | lactoferrin (lf) has in vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria. salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium causes systemic infection and acute diarrhea in humans, mainly in children younger than 2 years of age. the aim of the study was to determine the in vivo effect of bovine lf in salmonella ser. typhimurium infection in mice. 58 balb/c mice were employed. two hours before the infection with 300 microl of 10(7) cfu of salmonella ser. typhimurium, 29 mice recei ... | 2010 | 20306285 |
| fine-tuning synthesis of yersinia pestis lcrv from runaway-like replication balanced-lethal plasmid in a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine induces protection against a lethal y. pestis challenge in mice. | a balanced-lethal plasmid expression system that switches from low-copy-number to runaway-like high-copy-number replication (pya4534) was constructed for the regulated delayed in vivo synthesis of heterologous antigens by vaccine strains. this is an antibiotic resistance-free maintenance system containing the asda gene (essential for peptidoglycan synthesis) as a selectable marker to complement the lethal chromosomal deltaasda allele in live recombinant attenuated salmonella vaccines (rasvs) suc ... | 2010 | 20308296 |
| short n-terminal sequences package proteins into bacterial microcompartments. | hundreds of bacterial species produce proteinaceous microcompartments (mcps) that act as simple organelles by confining the enzymes of metabolic pathways that have toxic or volatile intermediates. a fundamental unanswered question about bacterial mcps is how enzymes are packaged within the protein shell that forms their outer surface. here, we report that a short n-terminal peptide is necessary and sufficient for packaging enzymes into the lumen of an mcp involved in b(12)-dependent 1,2-propaned ... | 2010 | 20308536 |
| the salmonella type iii secretion effector, salmonella leucine-rich repeat protein (slrp), targets the human chaperone erdj3. | effectors of the type iii secretion systems (t3ss) are key elements in the interaction between many gram-negative pathogens and their hosts. slrp is an effector that is translocated into the eukaryotic host cell through the two virulence-associated t3ss of salmonella enterica. we found previously that this effector is an e3 ubiquitin ligase for mammalian thioredoxin. here, we identified erdj3, an endoplasmic reticulum lumenal chaperone of the hsp40/dnaj family, as a new target for slrp. experime ... | 2010 | 20335166 |
| detection and control of a nosocomial outbreak caused by salmonella newport at a large animal hospital. | nosocomial salmonellosis is often assumed to occur because infection control and surveillance practices are inadequate, but published evidence is lacking to support the related contention that rigorous application of these practices can impact the severity of outbreaks. | 2010 | 20337913 |
| reactogenicity and immunogenicity of live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a enteric fever vaccine candidates. | eight salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a strains were screened as candidates to create a live attenuated paratyphoid vaccine. based on biochemical and phenotypic criteria, four strains, rks2900, mgn9772, mgn9773 and mgn9779, were selected as progenitors for the construction of deltaphopq mutant derivatives. all strains were evaluated in vitro for auxotrophic phenotypes and sensitivity to deoxycholate and polymyxin b. all deltaphopq mutants were more sensitive to deoxycholate and polymyxin b ... | 2010 | 20338215 |
| determination of water quality variables, endotoxin concentration, and enterobacteriaceae concentration and identification in southern high plains dairy lagoons. | the objectives of this study were to determine the concentration of endotoxin, determine 20 water quality variables, and identify and enumerate fungal and bacterial pathogens from united states southern high plains dairy lagoons and control lakes during summer and winter. water samples were collected in triplicate from the north, south, east, and west quadrants of each body of water. the mean (+/- sem) winter dairy lagoon endotoxin concentration was significantly higher (9,678+/-1,834 ng/ml) tha ... | 2010 | 20338428 |
| genetic analysis of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovars stanley and typhimurium from cattle. | during 2005-2008, a longitudinal study was conducted in southern japan to detect and characterize multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovars recovered from cattle diagnostic specimens. determination of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes, identification of salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1), detection of virulence genes, plasmid analysis, conjugal transfer experiments, and sequencing of class 1 integrons were conducted. multidrug-resistant salmonella detected were serovars st ... | 2010 | 20338699 |
| [construction and characterization of recombinant salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis vaccine strain expressing heterologous antigen of pasteurella multocida toxin]. | this study was aimed to construct and characterize salmonella vaccine strain c500 expressing the recombinant pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt) antigen by the asd+ balanced-lethal host-vector system. | 2010 | 20344946 |
| reversible n epsilon-lysine acetylation regulates the activity of acyl-coa synthetases involved in anaerobic benzoate catabolism in rhodopseudomonas palustris. | rhodopseudomonas palustris grows photoheterotrophically on aromatic compounds available in aquatic environments rich in plant-derived lignin. benzoate degradation is regulated at the transcriptional level in r. palustris in response to anoxia and the presence of benzoate and/or benzoyl-coa (bz-coa). here, we report evidence that anaerobic benzoate catabolism in this bacterium is also regulated at the post-translational level. in this pathway, benzoate is activated to bz-coa by the amp-forming bz ... | 2010 | 20345662 |
| a soluble form of the pilus protein fima targets the vdac-hexokinase complex at mitochondria to suppress host cell apoptosis. | inhibition of apoptotic response of host cells during an early phase of infection is a strategy used by many enteroinvasive bacterial pathogens to enhance their survival. here, we report the identification of a soluble form of the pilus protein fima from the culture supernatants of e. coli k1, salmonella, and shigella that can potently inhibit bax-mediated release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria. similar to the infected cells, hct116 cells stably expressing fima display a delay in the ... | 2010 | 20347420 |
| 16s rrna methyltransferase rmtc in salmonella enterica serovar virchow. | we screened salmonella and escherichia coli isolates, collected 2004-2008 in the united kingdom, for 16s rrna methyltransferases. rmtc was identified in s. enterica serovar virchow isolates from clinical samples and food. all isolates were clonally related and bore the rmtc gene on the bacterial chromosome. surveillance for and research on these resistance determinants are essential. | 2010 | 20350396 |
| ramr mutations in clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to tigecycline. | five klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with reduced susceptibility to tigecycline (mic, 2 microg/ml) were analyzed. a gene homologous to ramr of salmonella enterica was identified in klebsiella pneumoniae. sequencing of ramr in the nonsusceptible klebsiella strains revealed deletions, insertions, and point mutations. transformation of mutants with wild-type ramr genes, but not with mutant ramr genes, restored susceptibility to tigecycline and repressed overexpression of rama and acrb. thus, this st ... | 2010 | 20350947 |
| peptidomic analysis of the skin secretions of the frog pachymedusa dacnicolor. | high-resolution mass spectrometry-based peptidomics has been used to characterize several components in electro-stimulated skin secretions of the endemic mexican frog pachymedusa dacnicolor. peptide mass screening performed in an orbitrap-xl mass spectrometer showed that p. dacnicolor skin secretions possess 194 different components with molecular masses ranging mainly from 500 to 6,000 da. dozens of molecules were partially sequenced including two novel protease inhibitors. additionally, one po ... | 2011 | 20352461 |
| [construction of a promoter reporter array for antibiotic screening]. | we designed and constructed an antibiotic screening system by using antibiotic responsive genes as reporters. plasmid pcs26 carrying a promoterless luminescence reporter, luxcdabe, was used as the vector and the promoter regions of antibiotic responsive genes/operons from escherichia coli were cloned upstream of the lux reporter to form the first part of the screening reporter array. random promoter library of salmonella enterica and pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for antibiotic responsive ... | 2010 | 20353098 |
| inactivation of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes inoculated on hydroponic tomatoes using chlorine dioxide gas. | the main objective of this study was to determine survivability of a cocktail of three strains of salmonella enterica (montevideo, javiana, and baildon) and two strains of listeria monocytogenes (lcdc 81-861 and f4244) on hydroponic tomatoes after treatment with chlorine dioxide (clo(2)) gas. an initial concentration of 8-9 log cfu/ml of salmonella and listeria cocktails was inoculated individually, in separate experiments, on tomato skin to obtain a population of 7-8 log cfu/cm(2) after drying ... | 2010 | 20353288 |
| dna microarray analysis of salmonella serotype typhimurium strains causing different symptoms of disease. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is one of the leading food-borne pathogens in the usa and european countries. outcome of human salmonella serotype typhimurium infections ranges from mild self-limiting diarrhoea to severe diarrhoea that requires hospitalization. increased knowledge of the mechanisms that are responsible for causing infection and especially the severity of infection is of high interest. | 2010 | 20356366 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis associated to phage typing improves the discrimination of epidemiologically unrelated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates. | a combination of phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of xbal- and blnl-digested chromosomal dna has been used to study 18 epidemiologically unrelated human salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates, which were collected during 2007 within a single romanian county. phage typing could assign only four of the isolates to three definitive phage types (dt41, dt86, and dt116), the rest being untypable by this classical method. pfge analysis of the double enzyme-digested dna ... | 2009 | 20361529 |
| development and validation of a resistance and virulence gene microarray targeting escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. | a microarray was developed to simultaneously screen escherichia coli and salmonella enterica for multiple genetic traits. the final array included 203 60-mer oligonucleotide probes, including 117 for resistance genes, 16 for virulence genes, 25 for replicon markers, and 45 other markers. validity of the array was tested by assessing inter-laboratory agreement among four collaborating groups using a blinded study design. internal validation indicated that the assay was reliable (area under the re ... | 2010 | 20362014 |
| expression of tvia is transiently repressed by hfq in salmonella enterica serovar typhi at hyperosmotic stress. | the putative global post-transcriptional regulator gene hfq was deleted in salmonella enterica serovar typhi (salmonella typhi). genomic dna microarray assay and quantitative real time pcr were used to estimate the level of gene expression. the expression of tvia, the gene required for expression of the vi capsular antigen, was increased in the hfq mutant at 30 min of an up-shift osmotic stress but was not at sustained high or low osmolarity, compared to the wild type strain. in addition, the le ... | 2010 | 20363312 |
| application of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics for differentiation of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage types. | fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy and chemometric techniques were used to discriminate five closely related salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis phage types, phage type 1 (pt1), pt1b, pt4b, pt6, and pt6a. intact cells and outer membrane protein (omp) extracts from bacterial cell membranes were subjected to ft-ir analysis in transmittance mode. spectra were collected over a wavenumber range from 4,000 to 600 cm(-1). partial least-squares discriminant analysis (pls-da) was used t ... | 2010 | 20363777 |
| comparison of genotypes of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 30 and 9c strains isolated during three outbreaks associated with raw almonds. | in 2000 to 2001, 2003 to 2004, and 2005 to 2006, three outbreaks of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis were linked with the consumption of raw almonds. the s. enteritidis strains from these outbreaks had rare phage types (pt), pt30 and pt9c. clinical and environmental s. enteritidis strains were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva), and dna microarray-based comparative genomic indexing (cgi) to evaluate their genetic ... | 2010 | 20363782 |
| a predominant multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar saintpaul clonal line in german turkey and related food products. | recently, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar saintpaul has increasingly been observed in several countries, including germany. however, the pathogenic potential and epidemiology of this serovar are not very well known. this study describes biological attributes of s. saintpaul isolates obtained from turkeys in germany based on characterization of their pheno- and genotypic properties. fifty-five s. saintpaul isolates from german turkeys and turkey-derived food products isolated from 200 ... | 2010 | 20363784 |
| antibiofilm activity of the marine bacterium pseudoalteromonas sp. strain 3j6. | biofilm formation results in medical threats or economic losses and is therefore a major concern in a variety of domains. in two-species biofilms of marine bacteria grown under dynamic conditions, pseudoalteromonas sp. strain 3j6 formed mixed biofilms with bacillus sp. strain 4j6 but was largely predominant over paracoccus sp. strain 4m6 and vibrio sp. strain d01. the supernatant of pseudoalteromonas sp. 3j6 liquid culture (sn(3j6)) was devoid of antibacterial activity against free-living paraco ... | 2010 | 20363799 |
| salmonellosis in garden birds in scotland, 1995 to 2008: geographic region, salmonella enterica phage type and bird species. | salmonellosis was diagnosed in garden birds from 198 incidents in scotland between september 1995 and august 2008. salmonellosis was essentially a disease of finches in the north of scotland, but in the south of scotland it was also a problem in house sparrows. almost all of the incidents were caused by salmonella typhimurium phage types 40 or 56/variant, but regional variation in phage types was observed. in the north of scotland, one phage type (dt 40) predominated, but in the south of scotlan ... | 2010 | 20364008 |
| molecular epidemiology of ampicillin resistance in salmonella spp. and escherichia coli from wastewater and clinical specimens. | molecular epidemiology at local scale in sicily (italy) of ampicillin resistance in salmonella spp. isolates from municipal wastewater (n = 64) and clinical specimens (n = 274) is described in comparison with previously examined escherichia coli isolates (n = 273) from wastewater. high prevalence of antibiotic resistance (28.9%) with highest resistance rates against ampicillin (22.7%) was observed in e. coli isolates. different resistance rates were observed in salmonella according to the serova ... | 2010 | 20367333 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium invades fibroblasts by multiple routes differing from the entry into epithelial cells. | fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells essential to tissue homeostasis. despite their nonphagocytic nature, fibroblasts restrain replication of intracellular bacterial pathogens such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the extent to which the entry route of the pathogen determines this intracellular response is unknown. here, we analyzed s. typhimurium invasion in fibroblasts obtained from diverse origins, including primary cultures and stable nontransformed cell lines derived from normal tiss ... | 2010 | 20368348 |
| rck of salmonella enterica, subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis, mediates zipper-like internalization. | salmonella can invade non-phagocytic cells through its type iii secretion system (t3ss-1), which induces a trigger entry process. this study showed that salmonella enterica, subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis can also invade cells via the rck outer membrane protein. rck was necessary and sufficient to enable non-invasive e. coli and rck-coated beads to adhere to and invade different cells. internalization analysis of latex beads coated with different rck peptides showed that the peptide con ... | 2010 | 20368731 |
| antibacterial effect of the bioactive compound beauvericin produced by fusarium proliferatum on solid medium of wheat. | to obtain the bioactive compound beauvericin (bea), fusarium proliferatum cect 20569 was grown on a solid medium of wheat, utilizing the technique of the solid state fermentation (ssf), being this mycotoxin purified by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with a reverse phase semi-preparative column using as the mobile phase acetonitrile/water in gradient condition. the purity of the bea was verified by analytical hplc and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (lc/ms-ms). the p ... | 2010 | 20371252 |
| proteins from latex of calotropis procera prevent septic shock due to lethal infection by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the latex of calotropis procera has been used in traditional medicine to treat different inflammatory diseases. the anti-inflammatory activity of latex proteins (lp) has been well documented using different inflammatory models. in this work the anti-inflammatory protein fraction was evaluated in a true inflammatory process by inducing a lethal experimental infection in the murine model caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. | 2010 | 20371281 |
| oral vaccination with attenuated salmonella enterica strains encoding t-cell epitopes from tumor antigen ny-eso-1 induces specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses. | bacterial fimbriae can accept foreign peptides and display them on the cell surface. a highly efficient gene replacement method was used to generate peptide vaccines based on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sl3261. the t-cell epitopes (ny-eso-1 p157-165 and p157-167) from ny-eso-1, which is a promising target antigen in patients for the specific immune recognition of cancer, were incorporated into the gene encoding agfa (the major subunit protein of thin aggregative fimbriae of salmonell ... | 2010 | 20375244 |
| safety and immunogenicity of salmonella typhimurium expressing c-terminal truncated human il-2 in a murine model. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium preferentially colonizes tumors in vivo and has proven to be an effective biologic vector. the attenuated s. enterica typhimurium strain chi4550 was engineered to express truncated human interleukin-2 and renamed salpil2. previously, we observed that a single oral administration of salpil2 reduced tumor number and volume, while significantly increasing local and systemic natural killer (nk) cell populations in an experimental metastasis model. here we repo ... | 2010 | 20376175 |
| functional dissection of translocon proteins of the salmonella pathogenicity island 2-encoded type iii secretion system. | type iii secretion systems (t3ss) are essential virulence factors of most gram-negative bacterial pathogens. t3ss deliver effector proteins directly into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic target cells and for this function, the insertion of a subset of t3ss proteins into the target cell membrane is important. these proteins form hetero-oligomeric pores acting as translocon for the delivery of effector proteins. salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen that uses the salmonella pathog ... | 2010 | 20377892 |
| use of ionic liquid-based extraction for recovery of salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes from food matrices. | methods for rapid separation (<5 h) and concentration of bacteria based on solubilization of complex food matrices have been developed recently to facilitate rapid molecular detection methods. however, a major disadvantage of these protocols is the resulting lack of viability of the microorganisms under study due to extensive use of chemicals and enzymes, which can inhibit subsequent quantitative microbiological analyses. in this study, a new class of organic salts, ionic liquids, were used for ... | 2010 | 20377956 |
| rapid detection and identification of bacterial pathogens by using an atp bioluminescence immunoassay. | rapid identification of viable bacterial contaminants in food products is important because of their potential to cause disease. this study examined a method for microbial detection by using a combined atp bioluminescence immunoassay. escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were selected as target organisms because of their implication in foodborne illness. various matrices containing the target cells were examined, including ground beef homogenate, apple juice, milk ... | 2010 | 20377965 |
| development of a novel multiplex pcr for the detection and differentiation of salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a. | in this study, we developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr) assay for pan-salmonella detection as well as for specific detection of serovars typhi and paratyphi a. the assay detects members of the salmonella genus by amplifying the outer membrane protein c (ompc). the presence of either salmonella serovar typhi or paratyphi a is indicated by amplification of the putative regulatory protein gene sty4220, which is common to both serovars. further differentiation of the serovars was ac ... | 2010 | 20381608 |
| thiamine biosynthesis can be used to dissect metabolic integration. | the emergence of systems biology has re-emphasized the advantages of understanding biological processes with a global perspective. one biological process amenable to global approaches is microbial metabolism. this review describes a model system that contributes to the goals of systems biology by experimentally defining metabolic integration found in a bacterial cell and thus providing data needed for implementation and interpretation of systems approaches. we have taken a largely unbiased in vi ... | 2010 | 20382023 |
| study of matrix additives for sensitive analysis of lipid a by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been widely used for structural characterization of bacterial endotoxins (lipid a). however, the mass spectrometric behavior of the lipid a molecule is highly dependent on the matrix. furthermore, this dependence is strongly linked to phosphorylation patterns. using lipid a from escherichia coli o116 as a model system, we have investigated the effects of different matrices and comatrix compounds on th ... | 2010 | 20382818 |
| multidrug resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | | 2009 | 20387369 |
| typhoid in kenya is associated with a dominant multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi haplotype that is also widespread in southeast asia. | in sub-saharan africa, the burden of typhoid fever, caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi, remains largely unknown, in part because of a lack of blood or bone marrow culture facilities. we characterized a total of 323 s. typhi isolates from outbreaks in kenya over the period 1988 to 2008 for antimicrobial susceptibilities and phylogenetic relationships using single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) analysis. there was a dramatic increase in the number and percentage of multidrug-resistant (mdr ... | 2010 | 20392916 |
| increased detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing salmonella enterica and escherichia coli isolates from poultry. | to gain more information on the genetic basis of the rapid increase in the number of isolates exhibiting non-wild type minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) for cefotaxime observed since 2003, beta-lactamase genes of 22 salmonella enterica and 22 escherichia coli isolates from broilers in 2006 showing this phenotype were characterized by miniaturized micro-array, pcr and dna-sequencing. presence and size of plasmids were determined by s1-digest pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and further cha ... | 2010 | 20395076 |
| ph sensing by intracellular salmonella induces effector translocation. | salmonella enterica is an important intracellular bacterial pathogen of humans and animals. it replicates within host-cell vacuoles by delivering virulence (effector) proteins through a vacuolar membrane pore made by the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) type iii secretion system (t3ss). t3ss assembly follows vacuole acidification, but when bacteria are grown at low ph, effector secretion is negligible. we found that effector secretion was activated at low ph from mutant strains lacking ... | 2010 | 20395475 |
| a mutation in tdca attenuates the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the salmonella tdc operon encodes enzymes belonging to a metabolic pathway that degrades l-serine and l-threonine. the upregulation of the tdc operon and increased virulence of salmonella grown under oxygen-limiting conditions prompted us to investigate the role of the tdc operon in the pathogenesis of salmonella typhimurium. a salmonella strain carrying a null mutation in tdca, which encodes the transcriptional activator of the tdc operon, was impaired in mice infected intraperitoneally with th ... | 2010 | 20396961 |
| transfer of enteric pathogens to successive habitats as part of microbial cycles. | escherichia coli o157:h7 gfp and salmonella enterica typhimurium gfp passed through six successive habitats within a microbial cycle. pathogen cultures were introduced into cow dung or fodder. microscopically observed cells and cfus were monitored in fodder, dung, dung-soil mix, rhizosphere and phyllosphere of cress or oat plants grown in infested dung-soil mix, and in excrements of snails or mice fed with contaminated cress or oat shoots. both methods were sensitive enough to monitor cells and ... | 2010 | 20397013 |
| an antisense rna that governs the expression kinetics of a multifunctional virulence gene. | genome-wide transcriptome analyses of several bacterial species have recently uncovered a hitherto unappreciated amount of antisense transcription. however, the physiological role, regulation and significance of such antisense transcripts are presently unclear. we now report the identification of a cis-encoded 1.2 kb long antisense rna - termed amgr - that is complementary to the mgtc portion of the mgtcbr polycistronic message from salmonella enterica. the mgtcbr mrna specifies the mgtc protein ... | 2010 | 20398218 |
| salmonella enterica bacteraemia: a multi-national population-based cohort study. | salmonella enterica is an important emerging cause of invasive infections worldwide. however, population-based data are limited. the objective of this study was to define the occurrence of s. enterica bacteremia in a large international population and to evaluate temporal and regional differences. | 2010 | 20398281 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistant salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium isolates from animal and food in southern italy. | in the last two decades, the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, among them salmonella, has become a serious health hazard worldwide, and specifically the high incidence of multidrug resistance has been encountered widely in many european countries. this study examines the antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella enterica strains typhimurium and enteritidis isolated in campania and calabria region (southern italy) from animal and food of animal origin. the relationship o ... | 2010 | 20401533 |
| assays of sensitivity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to hydrogen peroxide and measurement of catalase activity. | bacteria, in common with other organisms that take advantage of aerobic respiration, generate and accumulate reactive oxygen species (ros) that damage dna, fatty acids, and proteins. in addition, intracellular pathogens like salmonella enterica are exposed to an oxidate burst produced by host macrophages. the relative ability of aerobically growing bacteria to withstand oxidative stress and eliminate ros has a large impact of their fitness in vitro and in vivo. methods are described here to meas ... | 2010 | 20401588 |
| measurements of heme levels and respiration rate in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | this chapter describes assays for the measurement of heme levels and the rate of respiration in bacteria. an assay of ala supplementation is described, in which the effect of exogenous ala in reversing sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide is an indication of a reduced flow through the heme biosynthesis pathway. a protocol for measurement of the relative amount of heme by a fluorescence assay, based on stripping the iron from the heme moiety, leaving a protoporphyrin molecule which fluoresces followi ... | 2010 | 20401589 |
| a fast and highly sensitive blood culture pcr method for clinical detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | salmonella typhi causes an estimated 21 million new cases of typhoid fever and 216,000 deaths every year. blood culture is currently the gold standard for diagnosis of typhoid fever, but it is time-consuming and takes several days for isolation and identification of causative organisms. it is then too late to initiate proper antibiotic therapy. serological tests have very low sensitivity and specificity, and no practical value in endemic areas. as early diagnosis of the disease and prompt treatm ... | 2010 | 20403166 |
| investigation of an outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar hadar food illness in the abruzzi region of italy. | a comparative study was made of 22 strains of salmonella hadar isolated from victims of an outbreak of food illness in the abruzzi region of italy in 2000 and 21 strains of the same serotype isolated from poultry meat and human stool samples in the abruzzi and molise regions between 2000 and 2001. the aim of the investigation was to provide an epidemiological interpretation of the food illness outbreak to establish the degree of similarity between the s. hadar strains isolated from victims of th ... | 2008 | 20405442 |
| isolation of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona aestiva). | avian salmonellosis is a disease caused by bacteria of the genus salmonella that can cause three distinct diseases in birds: pullorum diseases, fowl typhoid, and paratyphoid infection. various wildlife species are susceptible to infections by salmonella, regardless of whether they live in captivity or freely in the wild. the present study verified the presence of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in three captive specimens of amazona aestiva. the study involved a total of 103 birds undergo ... | 2010 | 20408416 |
| cholinergic stimulation of the immune system protects against lethal infection by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | summary: the cholinergic nervous system has been demonstrated to attenuate the inflammatory response during sepsis via the inhibitory action of acetylcholine (ach) on macrophages. these findings were largely based on experimental sepsis models using endotoxin as the inducing agent. herein, however, we report that the specific inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (ache) renders animals more resistant to infection by a virulent strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, a gram-negative enter ... | 2010 | 20408892 |
| evidence for a second genomic island conferring multidrug resistance in a clonal group of strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and its monophasic variant circulating in italy, denmark, and the united kingdom. | during the 2000s, a new clonal group with resistances to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline (assut) emerged in italy among strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and its monophasic variant, salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-. the pulsenet europe database allowed us to identify assut strains of both s. typhimurium and its monophasic variant, isolated in denmark and the united kingdom, with the same or very closely related pulsed-field ge ... | 2010 | 20410351 |
| a purified mutant hema protein from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lacks bound heme and is defective for heme-mediated regulation in vivo. | archaea, plants, and most bacteria synthesize heme using the c5 pathway, in which the first committed step is catalyzed by the enzyme glutamyl-trna reductase (glutr or hema). in some cases, an overproduced and purified hema enzyme contains noncovalently bound heme. the enteric bacteria salmonella enterica and escherichia coli also synthesize heme by the c5 pathway, and the hema protein in these bacteria is regulated by proteolysis. the enzyme is unstable during normal growth due to the action of ... | 2010 | 20412302 |
| antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy using a highly pure chlorin e6. | the aim of the present study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy (pdt) using a highly pure chlorin e(6) (ce(6)), against various pathogenic bacteria. to examine the antimicrobial effect of ce(6)-mediated pdt against staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, inhibition zone formation, cfu quantification, and bacterial viability were evaluated. inhibition zone analysis showed that ce(6)-mediated pdt is ... | 2010 | 20414708 |
| high bacterial contamination of pig tonsils at slaughter. | food-borne zoonoses have a major health impact in industrial countries. campylobacter spp., salmonella enterica, yersinia enterocolitica and listeria monocytogenes are high-risk food-borne zoonotic hazards in finishing pigs. the objectives of this work were (1) to study the isolation rate of pathogenic y. enterocolitica, salmonella spp., campylobacter spp. and l. monocytogenes in the tonsils and feces and (2) to determine the number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (mab) and escherichia coli in th ... | 2009 | 20416719 |
| safety and quality of ready-to-eat dry fermented sausages subjected to e-beam radiation. | the inactivation kinetics in the death of listeriainnocua ntc 11288 (more radioresistant than five different strains of listeriamonocytogenes) and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and s. enterica serovar typhimurium by e-beam irradiation has been studied in two types of vacuum-packed rte dry fermented sausages ("salchichon" and "chorizo") in order to optimize the sanitation treatment of these products. a treatment of 1.29kgy was calculated to reach the food safety objective (fso) accordin ... | 2009 | 20416723 |
| culture-independent quantification of salmonella enterica in carcass gauze swabs by flotation prior to real-time pcr. | to facilitate quantitative risk assessment in the meat production chain, there is a need for culture-independent quantification methods. the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of flotation, a non-destructive sample preparation method based on traditional buoyant density centrifugation, for culture-independent quantification of intact salmonella in pig carcass gauze swabs (100 cm(2)) prior to quantitative pcr (qpcr). a novel approach was investigated, excluding the homogenization step prio ... | 2011 | 20417982 |
| structural insight into the regulatory mechanisms of interactions of the flagellar type iii chaperone flit with its binding partners. | for self-assembly of the bacterial flagellum, most of the flagellar component proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm are exported by the flagellar type iii export apparatus to the growing, distal end. flagellar protein export is highly organized and well controlled in every step of the flagellar assembly process. flagellar-specific chaperones not only facilitate the export of their cognate proteins, as well as prevent their premature aggregation in the cytoplasm, but also play a role in fine-tuni ... | 2010 | 20421493 |
| effect of translesion dna polymerases, endonucleases and rpos on mutation rates in salmonella typhimurium. | it has been suggested that bacteria have evolved mechanisms to increase their mutation rate in response to various stresses and that the translesion dna polymerase pol iv under control of the lexa regulon and the alternative sigma factor rpos are involved in regulating this mutagenesis. here we examined in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 the rates for four different types of mutations (rifampicin, nalidixic acid, and chlorate resistance and lac(+) reversion) during various growth con ... | 2010 | 20421601 |
| detection, amplification & sequence homology of sodc in clinical isolates of salmonella sp. | periplasmic copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (cu,zn-sod or sodc) is an important component of the antioxidant shield which protects bacteria from the phagocytic oxidative burst. cu,zn-sods protect gram-negative bacteria against oxygen damage which have also been shown to contribute to the pathogenicity of these bacterial species. we report the presence of sodc in drug resistant salmonella sp. isolated from patients suffering from enteric fever. further sodc was amplified, cloned into escheri ... | 2010 | 20424309 |
| predation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by the rumen protozoon entodinium caudatum studied in vitro by fluorescence emission. | predation of bacteria by protozoa has important implications on rumen metabolism and bacterial populations. protozoa can also restrict the passage of pathogenic bacteria to the host's lower gastrointestinal tract. this work aimed to evaluate the predation by entodinium caudatum (ec) and the intraprotozoal survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. ec cells from a monofaunated sheep were incubated for up to 105 min with a s. enterica strain producing a green fluorescent protein. rumen f ... | 2010 | 20427163 |
| production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies specific for escherichia coli o157:h7. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for escherichia coli o157:h7, one of the major causes of haemorrhagic colitis in humans, were produced by immunising balb/c mice with the strain e. coli o157:h7. these monoclonal antibodies do not cross-react with other bacteria such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, e. coli o14, e. coli jm109, s. enterica serovar enteritidis, s. panama, s. saintpaul, s. derby, s. muenchen, s. bredeney, s. hadar, yersinia enterocolitica, proteus vulgaris, shi ... | 2006 | 20429059 |
| genetic control of resistance to salmonellosis and to salmonella carrier-state in fowl: a review. | salmonellosis is a frequent disease in poultry stocks, caused by several serotypes of the bacterial species salmonella enterica and sometimes transmitted to humans through the consumption of contaminated meat or eggs. symptom-free carriers of the bacteria contribute greatly to the propagation of the disease in poultry stocks. so far, several candidate genes and quantitative trait loci (qtl) for resistance to carrier state or to acute disease have been identified using artificial infection of s. ... | 2010 | 20429884 |
| infected subdural haematoma due to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in an adult. | a 65-year-old man with a history of alcoholism and gastrectomy was diagnosed with an infected subdural haematoma due to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. he was successfully treated with surgical drainage and intravenous ceftriaxone. to our knowledge, there has been no detailed case report in english of infected subdural haematoma or subdural empyema due to salmonella typhimurium in adults. | 2010 | 20430901 |
| the biofilm architecture of sixty opportunistic pathogens deciphered using a high throughput clsm method. | this study proposes a high throughput method based on confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm) combined with the use of 96-wells microtiter plates compatible with high resolution imaging for the study of biofilm formation and structure. as an illustration, the three-dimensional structures of biofilms formed by 60 opportunistic pathogens were thus observed and quantified. the results revealed the diversity of biofilm architectures. specific spatial arrangement such as the mushroom-like structure ... | 2010 | 20433880 |
| electronic tongue for simultaneous detection of endotoxins and other contaminants of microbiological origin. | endotoxins, also referred to as pyrogens, are lipopolysaccharides (lps) present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and represent one of the most dangerous microbiological contaminants in water for hemodialysis and intravenous infusion. a method is presented for the simultaneous detection of endotoxins and other bacterial lysis contaminating species in purified water for parenteral formulations. the technique used is electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, with data interpretation u ... | 2010 | 20434900 |
| surveillance system and rapid tracing of primary sources in food-borne outbreaks by salmonella spp. part ii: molecular characterisation of some strains of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium. | salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium are the serotypes most frequently isolated from human cases. traditional surveillance systems, based on serological characterisation and epidemiology, are not able to identify these common strains that cause outbreaks in humans. innovative techniques are therefore necessary to accurately characterise these serotypes and hence accelerate the identification of the primary sources. within a larger study, the goal of which was to develop an ac ... | 2005 | 20437381 |
| a case report of thrombocytopenia-associated multiple organ failure secondary to salmonella enterica serotype typhi infection in a pediatric patient: successful treatment with plasma exchange. | a high proportion of the patients with salmonella enterica serotype typhi infection develop severe sepsis. the mortality rate is high despite aggressive antimicrobial therapy in these patients. the case of a 10-year-old boy who developed thrombocytopenia-associated multiple organ failure (tamof) secondary to s. typhi infection is reported. the patient did not respond to antimicrobial treatment, including ciprofloxacin, in addition to conventional supportive measures, so plasma exchange was perfo ... | 2010 | 20438547 |
| real-time pcr detection of salmonella species using a novel target: the outer membrane porin f gene (ompf). | to evaluate the outer membrane porin f gene (ompf) for the specific detection of salmonella species by real-time pcr assay. | 2010 | 20438619 |
| mutations in the lipid a deacylase pagl which release the enzyme from its latency affect the ability of pagl to interact with lipopolysaccharide in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | pagl, a lipid a deacylase, is unique in that it is latent in the outer membrane of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. several point mutations in the extracellular loops of pagl, which do not affect its enzymatic activity, release it from this latency. precipitation analysis revealed that latent wild-type pagl associated with lipopolysaccharide, but non-latent pagl mutants did not. in contrast, non-latent pagl mutants preferentially associated with some membrane proteins. precipitation anal ... | 2010 | 20438711 |
| serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonella isolates from pigs at slaughter in kenya. | salmonellosis is considered one of the most widespread food-borne zoonoses in industrialized as well as developing countries. the presence of salmonella in food animals at slaughter and the consequent cross-contamination of edible carcass tissues present a significant food safety hazard. | 2010 | 20440063 |
| genome-wide analysis of the h-ns and sfh regulatory networks in salmonella typhimurium identifies a plasmid-encoded transcription silencing mechanism. | the conjugative inchi1 plasmid psfr27 from shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t encodes the sfh protein, a paralogue of the global transcriptional repressor h-ns. sfh allows psfr27 to be transmitted to new bacterial hosts with minimal impact on host fitness, providing a 'stealth' function whose molecular mechanism has yet to be determined. the impact of the sfh protein on the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium transcriptome was assessed and binding sites for sfh in the salmonella typhimurium g ... | 2010 | 20444106 |
| expression and crystallization of sedsba, sedsbl and sesrga from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | pathogens require protein-folding enzymes to produce functional virulence determinants. these foldases include the dsb family of proteins, which catalyze oxidative folding in bacteria. bacterial disulfide catalytic processes have been well characterized in escherichia coli k-12 and these mechanisms have been extrapolated to other organisms. however, recent research indicates that the k-12 complement of dsb proteins is not common to all bacteria. importantly, many pathogenic bacteria have an exte ... | 2010 | 20445269 |
| spread of a multiresistant ctx-m-9-producing salmonella enterica serotype virchow phage type 19 in spain. | the purpose of this study was to survey salmonella enterica serotype virchow phage type 19 (s. virchow pt19) strains submitted to the spanish national reference laboratory for salmonella (snrls) from 2002 to 2006 in order to determine the rate type and genetic background of beta-lactam resistance and to further identify the associated resistances. ninety-nine s. virchow pt19 strains were analysed. antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method using mueller-hinton agar ... | 2010 | 20446012 |
| population impact of vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine. | development of a safe and efficacious vaccine against typhoid fever has been the mainstay of enteric vaccinology since production of the first parenteral whole-cell typhoid vaccine in 1896. the new-generation vi polysaccharide single-dose injectable typhoid vaccine developed in the 1980s is widely used in countries where it is locally produced, such as china, and in travelers from industrialized countries to typhoid-endemic settings. however, vi vaccine use is limited to private practice at a sm ... | 2010 | 20450323 |
| investigation of risk factors for salmonella on commercial egg-laying farms in great britain, 2004-2005. | in 2004/05, all european union member states were required to carry out standardised prevalence surveys to establish the baseline prevalence of salmonella in commercial laying flocks. as part of the survey in great britain, additional data were collected from 380 of the enrolled laying hen holdings to investigate risk factors for salmonella at farm level. stratified, simple random sampling was used to select holdings from which dust and boot swab samples were collected and tested for salmonella ... | 2010 | 20453235 |
| characterization of arsenic-resistant bacteria from the rhizosphere of arsenic hyperaccumulator pteris vittata. | arsenic hyperaccumulator fern pteris vittata l. produces large amounts of root exudates that are hypothesized to solubilize arsenic and maintain a unique rhizosphere microbial community. total heterotrophic counts on rich or defined media supplemented with up to 400 mmol/l of arsenate showed a diverse arsenate-resistant microbial community from the rhizosphere of p. vittata growing in arsenic-contaminated sites. twelve bacterial isolates tolerating 400 mmol/l of arsenate in liquid culture were i ... | 2010 | 20453910 |
| the utility and application of real-time pcr and fish in the detection of single-copy gene targets in escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium. | the ultimate specificity in molecular-based assays for pathogen detection relies on the design of the primers and probes. their ability to hybridize to dna sequences found only in pathogens can be realized by designing primers and probes that are complementary to pathogen-specific virulence genes. this study evaluates the detection and enumeration strengths of real-time pcr (qpcr) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) for selected waterborne pathogens and their ultimate applicability with ... | 2010 | 20453912 |
| overexpression of the reca gene decreases oral but not intraperitoneal fitness of salmonella enterica. | transcription of the salmonella enterica reca gene is negatively controlled by the lexa protein, the repressor of the sos response. the introduction of a mutation (recao6869) in the lexa binding site, in the promoter region of the s. enterica atcc 14028 reca gene, allowed the analysis of the effect that reca protein overproduction has on the fitness of this virulent strain. the fitness of orally but not intraperitoneally inoculated recao6869 cells decreased dramatically. however, the sos respons ... | 2010 | 20457791 |
| direct and indirect transmission of four salmonella enterica serotypes in pigs. | feed-borne spread of salmonella spp. to pigs has been documented several times in recent years in sweden. experiences from the field suggest that feed-associated serotypes might be less transmittable and subsequently easier to eradicate from pig herds than other serotypes more commonly associated to pigs. four salmonella serotypes were selected for experimental studies in pigs in order to study transmissibility and compare possible differences between feed-associated (s cubana and s yoruba) and ... | 2010 | 20459711 |
| experimental identification and characterization of 97 novel npcrna candidates in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | we experimentally identified and characterized 97 novel, non-protein-coding rna candidates (npcrnas) from the human pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhi (hereafter referred to as s. typhi). three were specific to s. typhi, 22 were restricted to salmonella species and 33 were differentially expressed during s. typhi growth. we also identified salmonella pathogenicity island-derived npcrnas that might be involved in regulatory mechanisms of virulence, antibiotic resistance and pathogenic spe ... | 2010 | 20460466 |
| salmonella enterica serovar virchow bacteremia presenting as typhoid-like illness in an immunocompetent patient. | we report a typhoid-like illness with fever and altered consciousness in a 22-year-old man with growth of salmonella enterica serovar virchow in blood and stool culture. bacteremia and invasive disease due to non-typhoid salmonellae (nts) are known in severely immunocompromised patients, but so far have not been described in immunocompetent adults. | 2010 | 20463163 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing salmonella enterica serovar oranienburg (ctx-m-2 group) in a pediatric hospital in tucumán, argentina. | salmonella sp infections have been reported over recent years in hospitals in argentina and other countries due to multiresistant strains. the aim of this study was to characterize the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in third-generation cephalosporin-resistant strains of salmonella enterica serovar oranienburg. | 2010 | 20464138 |
| salmonellosis outbreak due to chicken contact leading to a foodborne outbreak associated with infected delicatessen workers. | salmonella is the most common bacterial cause of foodborne outbreaks in the united states. starting in june 2007, investigation of a cluster of salmonella montevideo cases with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns resulted in the identification of an outbreak associated with contact with chickens purchased from a single hatchery. nine minnesota cases from may through august 2007 were part of this outbreak. cases with the outbreak pfge pattern of salmonella montevide ... | 2010 | 20470192 |
| pork contaminated with salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-, an emerging health risk for humans. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- is a monophasic variant of s. enterica serovar typhimurium (antigenic formula 4,[5],12:i:1,2). worldwide, especially in several european countries and the united states, it has been reported among the 10 most frequently isolated serovars in pigs and humans. in the study reported here, 148 strains of the monophasic serovar isolated from pigs, pork, and humans in 2006 and 2007 in germany were characterized by various phenotypic and genotypic ... | 2010 | 20472721 |
| down-regulation of the escherichia coli k-12 nrf promoter by binding of the nsrr nitric oxide-sensing transcription repressor to an upstream site. | fnr-dependent activation of the escherichia coli k-12 nrf promoter is downregulated by the nitric oxide-sensitive nsrr protein together with the nucleoid-associated protein ihf, which bind to overlapping targets adjacent to the dna site for fnr. the nsrr target is inactivated by mutation at the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium nrf promoter. | 2010 | 20472787 |
| a salmonella enterica serovar typhi plasmid induces rapid and massive apoptosis in infected macrophages. | pr(st98) is a chimeric plasmid isolated from salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) that mediates the functions of drug resistance and virulence. previously, we reported that salmonella plasmid virulence (spv) genes were present in s. typhi. in our current study, we investigated whether plasmid pr(st98) exhibits significant cytotoxicity in macrophages. pr(st98) was transferred into the avirulent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) strain ria to create the transconjugan ... | 2010 | 20473323 |
| human infection with salmonella choleraesuis in hong kong. | | 1967 | 20475876 |
| the effect of long-term propionate adaptation on the stress resistance of salmonella enteritidis. | adaptive phenotypes of enteric bacterial pathogens in response to in vivo-mimicking stress conditions are important because of their potentiality to enhance stress resistance and ameliorate measures intended to control transmission and infectivity. salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (s. enteritidis) encounters a variety of such environments throughout its infection cycle, including high concentrations of the short-chain fatty acid, propionate (pa), during food processing and within the gut ... | 2010 | 20477896 |
| in vitro efficacy of the combination of ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime against nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhi. | typhoid fever is a systemic intracellular infection caused by salmonellaenterica serotype typhi. the emergence and spread of nalidixic acid-resistant s. typhi (narst) is challenging for clinicians in many countries owing to the lack of suitable treatment options. the aim of this study was to identify in vitro synergistic combinations of antibiotics against s. typhi. in vitro time-kill studies were performed on three clinical narst isolates and one type strain of nalidixic acid-susceptible s. typ ... | 2010 | 20478696 |