| brk1, a bub1-related kinase, is essential for generating proper tension between homologous kinetochores at metaphase i of rice meiosis. | bub1 (for budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1), one of the main spindle checkpoint kinases, acts as a kinetochore scaffold for assembling other checkpoint proteins. here, we identify a plant bub1-related kinase 1 (brk1) in rice (oryza sativa). the brk1 mutants are sterile due to the precocious separation of sister chromatids at the onset of anaphase i. the centromeric recruitment of shugoshin1 and phosphorylation of histone h2a at thr-134 (h2a-pt134) depend on brk1. although the homologs can ... | 2012 | 23243128 |
| persistence and metabolism of fipronil in rice (oryza sativa linnaeus) field. | rice is one of the most important food crops worldwide. however, it is also a valuable tool in assessing toxicity of organic and inorganic compounds. fipronil insecticide has been widely used to control rice pests. the research was conducted to evaluate the fate of fipronil in rice-field. persistence and metabolism of fipronil in rice is studied by applications of regent 0.3g @ 45 and 180 g a.i. ha(-1) was made 7 days after transplanting of paddy. samples of paddy plants were collected at 7, 15, ... | 2013 | 23238826 |
| qtl analysis of na+ and k+ concentrations in roots and shoots under different levels of nacl stress in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the key to plant survival under nacl salt stress is maintaining a low na(+) level or na(+)/k(+) ratio in the cells. a population of recombinant inbred lines (rils, f(2:9)) derived from a cross between the salt-tolerant japonica rice variety jiucaiqing and the salt-sensitive indica variety ir26, was used to determine na(+) and k(+) concentrations in the roots and shoots under three different nacl stress conditions (0, 100 and 120 mm nacl). a total of nine additive qtls were identified by qtl cart ... | 2012 | 23236455 |
| endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase gene families in the grasses: temporal and spatial co-transcription of orthologous genes. | endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase (cellulase) glycosyl hydrolase gh9 enzymes have been implicated in several aspects of cell wall metabolism in higher plants, including cellulose biosynthesis and degradation, modification of other wall polysaccharides that contain contiguous (1,4)-β-glucosyl residues, and wall loosening during cell elongation. | 2012 | 23231659 |
| altered expression of the ptr/nrt1 homologue osptr9 affects nitrogen utilization efficiency, growth and grain yield in rice. | the plant ptr/nrt1 (peptide transporter/nitrate transporter 1) gene family comprises di/tripeptide and low-affinity nitrate transporters; some members also recognize other substrates such as carboxylates, phytohormones (auxin and abscisic acid), or defence compounds (glucosinolates). little is known about the members of this gene family in rice (oryza sativa l.). here, we report the influence of altered osptr9 expression on nitrogen utilization efficiency, growth, and grain yield. osptr9 express ... | 2013 | 23231455 |
| oslec1/oshap3e participates in the determination of meristem identity in both vegetative and reproductive developments of rice. | in the vegetative phase of plant development, the shoot apical meristem (sam) produces leaf primordia in regular phyllotaxy, and transforms to the inflorescence meristem when the plant enters reproductive growth, which will undergo a series of identity differentiations and will finally form a complete and fertile panicle. our previous studies indicated a tissue-specific expression pattern of the oslec1 (leafy cotyledon) gene, which is homologous to the arabidopsis atlec1 gene and belongs to the ... | 2013 | 23230849 |
| variation in heading date conceals quantitative trait loci for other traits of importance in breeding selection of rice. | to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) associated with the primary target traits for selection in practical rice breeding programs, backcross inbred lines (bils) derived from crosses between temperate japonica rice cultivars nipponbare and koshihikari were evaluated for 50 agronomic traits at six experimental fields located throughout japan. thirty-three of the 50 traits were significantly correlated with heading date. using a linkage map including 647 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps), ... | 2012 | 23226082 |
| comparison of phenotypic versus marker-assisted background selection for the sub1 qtl during backcrossing in rice. | marker assisted backcrossing has been used effectively to transfer the submergence tolerance gene sub1 into popular rice varieties, but the approach can be costly. the selection strategy comprising foreground marker and phenotypic selection was investigated as an alternative. the non-significant correlation coefficients between ranking of phenotypic selection and ranking of background marker selection in bc(2)f(1), bc(3)f(1) and bc(3)f(2) generations indicated inefficiency of phenotypic selectio ... | 2012 | 23226081 |
| comparison of pyrolytic products produced from inorganic-rich and demineralized rice straw (oryza sativa l.) by fluidized bed pyrolyzer for future biorefinery approach. | the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of inorganic constituents on the fast pyrolysis of the biomass and to determine the yields as well as physicochemical properties of pyrolytic products. the pyrolytic products were obtained from raw and demineralized rice straw using a fluidized bed type pyrolyzer at different temperatures. as pyrolysis temperature increased, total biooil yield gradually decreased from 46.6 to 29.6 wt.% for the raw-straw, and from 55.4 to 35.3 wt.% for ... | 2013 | 23220113 |
| genetic bases of rice grain shape: so many genes, so little known. | rice (oryza sativa) grain shape is a key determinant of grain yield and market values. facilitated by advancements in genomics and various molecular markers, more than 400 quantitative trait loci (qtls) associated with rice grain traits have been identified. in this review, we examine the genetic bases of rice grain shape, focusing on the protein products of 13 genes that have been cloned and the chromosome locations of 15 qtls that have been fine mapped. although more genes affecting grain trai ... | 2013 | 23218902 |
| internal aeration of paddy field rice (oryza sativa) during complete submergence---importance of light and floodwater o2. | flash floods can submerge paddy field rice (oryza sativa), with adverse effects on internal aeration, sugar status and survival. here, we investigated the in situ aeration of roots of rice during complete submergence, and elucidated how underwater photosynthesis and floodwater po(2) influence root aeration in anoxic soil. in the field, root po(2) was measured using microelectrodes during 2 d of complete submergence. leaf gas films that formed on the superhydrophobic leaves were left intact, or e ... | 2013 | 23215967 |
| a 286 bp upstream regulatory region of a rice anther-specific gene, osipp3, confers pollen-specific expression in arabidopsis. | osipp3 gene (coding for pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein) was isolated from a pre-pollinated inflorescence-specific cdna library by differential screening of stage-specific libraries from oryza sativa. osipp3 is present in the genome of rice as a single copy gene. osipp3 gene was expressed exclusively in the pre-pollinated spikelets of rice. upstream regulatory region (urr) of osipp3 was isolated and a series of 5'-deletions were cloned upstream of gus reporter gene and were used to trans ... | 2013 | 23208453 |
| [major domestication traits in asian rice]. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is an excellent model plant in elucidation of cereal domestication. loss of seed shattering, weakened dormancy, and changes in plant architecture were thought to be three key events in the rice domestication and creating the high-yield, uniform-germinating, and densely-planting modern rice. loss of shattering is considered to be the direct morphological evidence for identifying domesticated rice. two major shattering qtls, sh4 and qsh1, have displayed different domesticati ... | 2012 | 23208135 |
| confirming stereochemical structures of strigolactones produced by rice and tobacco. | major strigolactones (sls) produced by rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. michinoku no. 1) were purified and their stereochemical structures were determined by comparing with optically pure synthetic standards for their nmr and cd data and retention times and mass fragmentations in esi-lc/ms and gc-ms. sls purified from root exudates of rice plants were orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, and ent-2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol. in addition to these sls, 7-oxoorobanchy ... | 2013 | 23204500 |
| transposon-mediated alteration of tamate1b expression in wheat confers constitutive citrate efflux from root apices. | the tamate1b gene (for multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) from wheat (triticum aestivum) was isolated and shown to encode a citrate transporter that is located on the plasma membrane. tamate1b expression in roots was induced by iron deficiency but not by phosphorus deficiency or aluminum treatment. the coding region of tamate1b was identical in a genotype showing citrate efflux from root apices (cv carazinho) to one that lacked citrate efflux (cv egret). however, sequence upstream of the co ... | 2013 | 23204428 |
| oryspssp: a comparative platform for small secreted proteins from rice and other plants. | plants have large diverse families of small secreted proteins (ssps) that play critical roles in the processes of development, differentiation, defense, flowering, stress response, symbiosis, etc. oryza sativa is one of the major crops worldwide and an excellent model for monocotyledonous plants. however, there had not been any effort to systematically analyze rice ssps. here, we constructed a comparative platform, oryspssp (http://www.genoportal.org/pssp/index.do), involving >100 000 ssps from ... | 2013 | 23203890 |
| is aba involved in tolerance responses to salinity by affecting cytoplasm ion homeostasis in rice cell lines? | the ability of plant cells to maintain cytoplasm ion homeostasis under saline stress is among the main mechanisms involved in salt tolerance. to cope with excess na(+), cells extrude it from the cytoplasm, which requires expenditure of metabolic energy, provided by h(+) gradients generated by membrane-bound h(+)-pumps. aba is well-known to be involved in physiological processes elicited or enhanced by stresses causing cell dehydration. in this work we studied the possible implication of this pla ... | 2013 | 23202047 |
| n-glycan maturation is crucial for cytokinin-mediated development and cellulose synthesis in oryza sativa. | to explore the physiological significance of n-glycan maturation in the plant golgi apparatus, gnt1, a mutant with loss of n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i (gnti) function, was isolated in oryza sativa. gnt1 exhibited complete inhibition of n-glycan maturation and accumulated high-mannose n-glycans. phenotypic analyses revealed that gnt1 shows defective post-seedling development and incomplete cell wall biosynthesis, leading to symptoms such as failure in tiller formation, brittle leaves, reduc ... | 2013 | 23199012 |
| characterization of transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis and cellular iron delivery of recombinant human serum transferrin from rice (oryza sativa l.). | transferrin (tf) plays a critical physiological role in cellular iron delivery via the transferrin receptor (tfr)-mediated endocytosis pathway in nearly all eukaryotic organisms. human serum tf (htf) is extensively used as an iron-delivery vehicle in various mammalian cell cultures for production of therapeutic proteins, and is also being explored for use as a drug carrier to treat a number of diseases by employing its unique tfr-mediated endocytosis pathway. with the increasing concerns over th ... | 2012 | 23194296 |
| drought yield index to select high yielding rice lines under different drought stress severities. | drought is the most severe abiotic stress reducing rice yield in rainfed drought prone ecosystems. variation in intensity and severity of drought from season to season and place to place requires cultivation of rice varieties with different level of drought tolerance in different areas. multi environment evaluation of breeding lines helps breeder to identify appropriate genotypes for areas prone to similar level of drought stress. from a set of 129 advanced rice (oryza sativa l.) breeding lines ... | 2012 | 27234249 |
| specific patterns of genetic diversity among aromatic rice varieties in myanmar. | after observing peculiar rice varieties in myanmar, in terms of classification in varietal groups and of grain quality, we focused on myanmar varieties and analyzed variations at 19 microsatellite loci as well as sequences of the aroma gene badh2. | 2012 | 27234242 |
| genetic structure of thai rice and rice accessions obtained from the international rice research institute. | although the genetic structure of rice germplasm has been characterized worldwide, few studies investigated germplasm from thailand, the world's largest exporter of rice. thailand and the international rice research institute (irri) have diverse collections of rice germplasm, which could be used to develop breeding lines with desirable traits. this study aimed to investigate the level of genetic diversity and structures of thai and selected irri germplasm. understanding the genetic structure and ... | 2012 | 27234241 |
| mapping and characterization of quantitative trait loci for mesocotyl elongation in rice (oryza sativa l.). | mesocotyl elongation is an important trait for seedling emergence in direct-seeding cultivation in rice. in this study, a backcross inbred line (bil) population from a cross between kasalath and nipponbare was employed to map quantitative trait loci (qtls) for mesocotyl elongation. a total of 5 qtls for mesocotyl length were identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 7, 9, and 12 in 2 independent experiments. at all qtl, the kasalath alleles contributed to an increase in mesocotyl length. two qtls (qmel-1 ... | 2012 | 27234239 |
| salinity tolerance mechanisms in glycophytes: an overview with the central focus on rice plants. | elevated na(+) levels in agricultural lands are increasingly becoming a serious threat to the world agriculture. plants suffer osmotic and ionic stress under high salinity due to the salts accumulated at the outside of roots and those accumulated at the inside of the plant cells, respectively. mechanisms of salinity tolerance in plants have been extensively studied and in the recent years these studies focus on the function of key enzymes and plant morphological traits. here, we provide an updat ... | 2012 | 27234237 |
| genome-wide profiling of histone h3k4-tri-methylation and gene expression in rice under drought stress. | histone modifications affect gene expression level. several studies have shown that they may play key roles in regulating gene expression in plants under abiotic stress, but genome-wide surveys of such stress-related modifications are very limited, especially for crops. by using chip-seq and rna-seq, we investigated the genome-wide distribution pattern of histone h3 lysine4 tri-methylation (h3k4me3) and the pattern's association with whole genome expression profiles of rice (oryza sativa l.) und ... | 2013 | 23192746 |
| the perennial ryegrass genomezipper: targeted use of genome resources for comparative grass genomics. | whole-genome sequences established for model and major crop species constitute a key resource for advanced genomic research. for outbreeding forage and turf grass species like ryegrasses (lolium spp.), such resources have yet to be developed. here, we present a model of the perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) genome on the basis of conserved synteny to barley (hordeum vulgare) and the model grass genome brachypodium (brachypodium distachyon) as well as rice (oryza sativa) and sorghum (sorghum bi ... | 2013 | 23184232 |
| leaf senescence in rice due to magnesium deficiency mediated defect in transpiration rate before sugar accumulation and chlorosis. | magnesium (mg) is an essential macronutrient supporting various functions, including photosynthesis. however, the specific physiological responses to mg deficiency remain elusive. in this study, 2-week-old rice seedlings (oryza sativa. cv. nipponbare) with three expanded leaves (l2-l4) were transferred to mg-free nutrient solution for 8 days. in the absence of mg, on day 8, l5 and l6 were completely developed, while l7 just emerged. we also studied several mineral deficiencies to identify specif ... | 2013 | 23176135 |
| genome-wide survey and expression analysis of amino acid transporter gene family in rice (oryza sativa l.). | amino acid transporters (aats) that transport amino acids across cellular membranes are essential for plant growth and development. to date, a genome-wide overview of the aat gene family in rice is not yet available. | 2012 | 23166615 |
| pgr5-dependent cyclic electron transport around psi contributes to the redox homeostasis in chloroplasts rather than co(2) fixation and biomass production in rice. | the pgr5 (proton gradient regulation 5) gene that is required for psi cyclic electron transport in arabidopsis was knocked down in rice (oryza sativa). in three pgr5 knockdown (kd) lines, the pgr5 protein level was reduced to 5-8% of that in the wild type, resulting in a 50% reduction in pgrl1 (pgr5-like photosynthetic phenotype 1) protein levels. in ruptured chloroplasts, ferredoxin-dependent plastoquinone reduction activity was partially impaired; the phenotype was mimicked by addition of anti ... | 2012 | 23161858 |
| silicate mineral impacts on the uptake and storage of arsenic and plant nutrients in rice ( oryza sativa l.). | arsenic-contaminated rice grain may threaten human health globally. since h₃aso₃⁰ is the predominant as species found in paddy pore-waters, and h₄sio₄⁰ and h₃aso₃⁰ share an uptake pathway, silica amendments have been proposed to decrease as uptake and consequent as concentrations in grains. here, we evaluated the impact of two silicate mineral additions differing in solubility (+si(l), diatomaceous earth, 0.29 mm si; +si(h), si-gel, 1.1 mm si) to soils differing in mineralogy on arsenic concentr ... | 2012 | 23153302 |
| a dual role of se on cd toxicity: evidences from the uptake of cd and some essential elements and the growth responses in paddy rice. | this study was carried out to investigate the effects of selenium (se) on the uptake and translocation of cadmium (cd) and essential elements in paddy rice (oryza sativa l., shuangyou 998). selenium could alleviate/aggravate cd toxicity in paddy rice, which depended on the dosages of se and/or cd. when cd treatment level was as low as 35.6 μm, ≤12.7 μm se could inhibit the uptake of cd in paddy rice and increase the biomass of paddy rice; however, with cd levels reaching 89-178 μm, the addition ... | 2013 | 23152001 |
| aluminium localization and toxicity symptoms related to root growth inhibition in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | we correlated root growth inhibition with aluminium (al(3+)) localization and toxicity symptoms in rice roots using seedlings of two genotypes (tolerant and sensitive) that were exposed to different alcl(3) concentrations. al(3+) localization was evaluated by hematoxylin in primary roots and by morin in cross-sections of the root tips. neutral invertase enzyme activity and callose (1 -- 3, beta-d-glucan) accumulation were observed and compared with al(3+) accumulation sites. root growth was inhi ... | 2012 | 23151797 |
| identification and characterization of an epi-allele of fie1 reveals a regulatory linkage between two epigenetic marks in rice. | dna methylation and histone h3 lys 9 dimethylation (h3k9me2) are important epigenetic repression marks for silencing transposons in heterochromatin and for regulating gene expression. however, the mechanistic relationship to other repressive marks, such as histone h3 lys 27 trimethylation (h3k27me3) is unclear. fertilization-independent endosperm1 (fie1) encodes an esc-like core component of the polycomb repressive complex 2, which is involved in h3k27me3-mediated gene repression. here, we ident ... | 2012 | 23150632 |
| auxin signal transcription factor regulates expression of the brassinosteroid receptor gene in rice. | the phytohormones auxins and brassinosteroids are both essential regulators of physiological and developmental processes, and it has been suggested that they act inter-dependently and synergistically. in rice (oryza sativa), auxin co-application improves the brassinosteroid response in the rice lamina inclination bioassay. here, we showed that auxins stimulate brassinosteroid perception by regulating the level of brassinosteroid receptor. auxin treatment increased expression of the rice brassino ... | 2013 | 23146214 |
| arsenite tolerance is related to proportional thiolic metabolite synthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.). | thiol metabolism is the primary detoxification strategy by which rice plants tolerate arsenic (as) stress. in light of this, it is important to understand the importance of harmonised thiol metabolism with as accumulation and tolerance in rice plant. for this aim, tolerant (t) and sensitive (s) genotypes were screened from 303 rice (oryza sativa) genotypes on exposure to 10 and 25 μm arsenite (as(iii)) in hydroponic culture. on further as accumulation estimation, contrasting (13-fold difference) ... | 2013 | 23138651 |
| a kelch motif-containing serine/threonine protein phosphatase determines the large grain qtl trait in rice. | a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of rice grain traits is critical for the improvement of rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties. in this study, we generated an f₂ population by crossing the large-grain japonica cultivar cw23 with peiai 64 (pa64), an elite indica small-grain cultivar. using qtl analysis, 17 qtls for five grain traits were detected on four different chromosomes. eight of the qtls were newly-identified in this study. in particular, qgl3-1, a newly-identified grain length qtl ... | 2012 | 23137285 |
| characterization and identification of cold tolerant near-isogenic lines in rice. | to exploit the genetic mechanism of cold tolerance in rice, cold tolerant near-isogenic lines (nils) were developed by backcrossing kunmingxiaobaigu (kmxbg), reported to be the most cold-tolerant variety at the booting stage, as donor, with the cold sensitive japanese commercial japonica variety, towada. comparisons of cold tolerance-related traits between five bc(6)f(5) nils and recurrent parent towada under cold treatment and normal temperatures at the booting stage showed that the differences ... | 2012 | 23136531 |
| comparison of physiological and yield traits between purple- and white-pericarp rice using sls. | five physiological and eleven yield traits of two pairs of sister lines generated from a high generation with similar genetic background (sls) for purple pericarp were investigated to explore the reasons behind low-yield production of colored rice. of the five physiological traits examined, except grain anthocyanin content, there were generally similar trends between the p (purple-pericarp) lines and the corresponding w (white-pericarp) lines over two seasons (in the year 2009 and 2010 separatel ... | 2012 | 23136516 |
| genetic characterization of rainfed upland new rice for africa (nerica) varieties. | a total of 18 rainfed upland new rice for africa (nerica) varieties were categorized as the heavy panicle and low tillering types and early heading, in compared with 32 different varieties. these chromosome components were clarified using 243 ssr markers which showed polymorphism among nerica varieties and their parents, cg 14 (o. glaberrima steud.) and one of the recurrent parents, wab-56-104 (o. sativa l.). nerica varieties were classified into three groups, which corresponded with these paren ... | 2012 | 23136511 |
| characterization of near-isogenic lines carrying qtl for high spikelet number with the genetic background of an indica rice variety ir64 (oryza sativa l.). | total spikelet number per panicle (tsn) is one of the most important traits associated with rice yield potential. this trait was assessed in a set of 334 chromosomal segment introgression lines (ils: bc(3)-derived lines), developed from new plant type (npt) varieties as donor parents and having the genetic background of an indica-type rice variety ir64. among the 334 ils, five lines which had different donor parents and showed significantly higher tsn than ir64 were used for genetic analysis. qu ... | 2012 | 23136510 |
| expression analysis of calmodulin and calmodulin-like genes from rice, oryza sativa l. | in plants, a large family of calmodulin (cam) and cam-like (cml) proteins transduce the increase in cytosolic ca2+ concentrations by binding to and altering the activities of target proteins, and thereby affecting the physiological responses to a vast array of stimuli. here, transcript expression analysis of cam and cml gene family members in rice (oryza sativa l.) was extensively examined. | 2012 | 23134977 |
| oryza sativa actin-interacting protein 1 is required for rice growth by promoting actin turnover. | rapid actin turnover is essential for numerous actin-based processes. however, how it is precisely regulated remains poorly understood. actin-interacting protein 1 (aip1) has been shown to be an important factor by acting coordinately with actin-depolymerizing factor (adf)/cofilin in promoting actin depolymerization, the rate-limiting factor in actin turnover. however, the molecular mechanism by which aip1 promotes actin turnover remains largely unknown in plants. here, we provide a demonstratio ... | 2013 | 23134061 |
| ion-beam irradiation, gene identification, and marker-assisted breeding in the development of low-cadmium rice. | rice (oryza sativa l.) grain is a major dietary source of cadmium (cd), which is toxic to humans, but no practical technique exists to substantially reduce cd contamination. carbon ion-beam irradiation produced three rice mutants with <0.05 mg cd⋅kg(-1) in the grain compared with a mean of 1.73 mg cd⋅kg(-1) in the parent, koshihikari. we identified the gene responsible for reduced cd uptake and developed a strategy for marker-assisted selection of low-cd cultivars. sequence analysis revealed tha ... | 2012 | 23132948 |
| an efficient rice mutagenesis system based on suspension-cultured cells. | plant mutants are important bio-resources for crop breeding and gene functional studies. conventional methods for generating mutant libraries by mutagenesis of seeds with physical or chemical agents are of low efficiency. here, we developed a highly-efficient ethyl methanesulfonate (ems) mutagenesis system based on suspension-cultured cells, with rice (oryza sativa l.) as an example. we show that treatment of suspension-cultured tiny cell clusters with 0.4% ems for 18-22 h followed by differenti ... | 2013 | 23126685 |
| purple rice extract and its constituents suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced retinal damage in vitro and in vivo. | endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress has been implicated as a cause of various neurodegenerative diseases. we evaluated the protective effects of purple rice (oryza sativa l.) bran extract (pre) and its constituents, namely cyanidin, peonidin, and a newly isolated compound 2-hydroxy-5-[(3s)-3-hydroxybutyl]phenyl-β-d-glucoside (hhpg), against tunicamycin-induced retinal damage. | 2013 | 23123597 |
| differential subcellular localization, enzymatic properties and expression patterns of γ-aminobutyric acid transaminases (gaba-ts) in rice (oryza sativa). | γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (gaba-t) catalyzes the conversion of gaba to succinic semialdehyde. the rice (oryza sativa) genome possesses four putative gaba-t genes, which exhibit high amino acid identity (73-82%) but differ in length of the n-terminal region. transient expression of gaba-t-green fluorescent fusion proteins in onion epidermal cells demonstrated that two of the four enzymes were targeted to mitochondria, a third to chloroplasts, and the fourth to cytosol. enzymatic analysis o ... | 2013 | 23122787 |
| construction of gene regulatory networks mediated by vegetative and reproductive stage-specific small rnas in rice (oryza sativa). | although huge amounts of high-throughput sequencing (hts) data are available, limited systematic analyses have been performed by integrating these valuable resources. based on small rna (srna), rna and degradome hts data, the srnas specifically expressed at vegetative and reproductive stages were identified separately in rice. two distinct groups of srna hts data, which were prepared during the vegetative and the reproductive stages, were utilized to extract stage-specific srnas. degradome seque ... | 2013 | 23121287 |
| aluminium tolerance in rice is antagonistic with nitrate preference and synergistic with ammonium preference. | acidic soils are dominated chemically by more ammonium and more available, so more potentially toxic, aluminium compared with neutral to calcareous soils, which are characterized by more nitrate and less available, so less toxic, aluminium. however, it is not known whether aluminium tolerance and nitrogen source preference are linked in plants. | 2013 | 23118122 |
| an ornithine δ-aminotransferase gene osoat confers drought and oxidative stress tolerance in rice. | ornithine δ-aminotransferase (δ-oat) is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that has been proposed to be involved in proline (pro) and arginine (arg) metabolism. however, the actual role of δ-oat in abiotic responses in plants remains to be clarified. here we characterized an ornithine δ-aminotransferase gene osoat that confers multi-stress tolerance in rice (oryza sativa). we confirmed that osoat is a direct target of the stress-responsive nac transcription factor snac2. osoat is responsi ... | 2012 | 23116672 |
| overexpression of a protein disulfide isomerase-like protein from methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicum enhances mercury tolerance in transgenic rice. | mth1745, from thermophilic archaea methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicum, is a protein disulfide isomerase-like protein (pdil) with a chaperone function and disulfide isomerase activity. mercuric cations have a high affinity for sulfhydryl groups and consequently inhibit plant growth. disulfide compounds (e.g., copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, cu/zn sod) and sulfhydryl compounds (e.g., glutathione, phytochelatins, and metallothioneins) play important roles in mercury (hg) response. to study t ... | 2012 | 23116667 |
| transient induction of melatonin biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.) during the reproductive stage. | the regulation of reproduction-stage inducible melatonin biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa cv. dongjin) was investigated. the flag leaf and panicle (flower) were collected from field-grown rice at three different reproductive stages: the preflowering stage, flowering stage, and postflowering stage. melatonin synthesis was induced in the panicle, whereas no induction was observed in the flag leaf during the reproductive stages. the panicle displayed a peak melatonin level of 0.4 ng/g fresh weigh ... | 2013 | 23110463 |
| phyllochron dynamics during the course of late shoot development might be affected by reproductive development in rice (oryza sativa l.). | phyllochron, defined as the interval time between appearances of successive leaves on a shoot, is an important measurement to know the developmental state of a shoot apex in rice. previous studies revealed that phyllochron dynamics during the course of shoot development of rice was divided into three stages, regardless of environment and genotype: (1) maintenance of short phyllochron in the early developmental stage, (2) drastic increase of phyllochron depending on leaf number from the base in t ... | 2012 | 23096942 |
| knockdown of a rice stelar nitrate transporter alters long-distance translocation but not root influx. | root nitrate uptake is well known to adjust to the plant's nitrogen demand for growth. long-distance transport and/or root storage pools are thought to provide negative feedback signals regulating root uptake. we have characterized a vascular specific nitrate transporter belonging to the high-affinity nitrate transporter2 (nrt2) family, osnrt2.3a, in rice (oryza sativa ssp. japonica 'nipponbare'). localization analyses using protoplast expression, in planta promoter-β-glucuronidase assay, and in ... | 2012 | 23093362 |
| comparison of power output by rice (oryza sativa) and an associated weed (echinochloa glabrescens) in vascular plant bio-photovoltaic (vp-bpv) systems. | vascular plant bio-photovoltaics (vp-bpv) is a recently developed technology that uses higher plants to harvest solar energy and the metabolic activity of heterotrophic microorganisms in the plant rhizosphere to generate electrical power. in the present study, electrical output and maximum power output variations were investigated in a novel vp-bpv configuration using the crop plant rice (oryza sativa l.) or an associated weed, echinochloa glabrescens (munro ex hook. f.). in order to compare dir ... | 2013 | 23093175 |
| dynamic changes in the distribution of minerals in relation to phytic acid accumulation during rice seed development. | phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate [insp(6)]) is the storage compound of phosphorus in seeds. as phytic acid binds strongly to metallic cations, it also acts as a storage compound of metals. to understand the mechanisms underlying metal accumulation and localization in relation to phytic acid storage, we applied synchrotron-based x-ray microfluorescence imaging analysis to characterize the simultaneous subcellular distribution of some mineral elements (phosphorus, calcium, potassium, iron, z ... | 2012 | 23090587 |
| molecular evolution of the tac1 gene from rice (oryza sativa l.). | tiller angle is a key feature of the architecture of cultivated rice (oryza sativa), since it determines planting density and influences rice yield. our previous work identified tiller angle control 1 (tac1) as a major quantitative trait locus that controls rice tiller angle. to further clarify the evolutionary characterization of the tac1 gene, we compared a tac1-containing 3164-bp genomic region among 113 cultivated varieties and 48 accessions of wild rice, including 43 accessions of o. rufipo ... | 2012 | 23089365 |
| genome-wide transcriptome profiling of ros scavenging and signal transduction pathways in rice (oryza sativa l.) in response to different types of ionizing radiation. | ionizing radiation directly and indirectly affects gene expression within the plant genome. to access the antioxidant response of rice to different types of ionizing radiation, rice seeds were exposed to gamma-ray, cosmic-ray and ion beam radiation. exposure to ionizing radiation dramatically decreased the shoot length in all plants but not the root length compared with a non-irradiated plant. electron spin resonance, confirmed that the number of free radicals in cell was greatly increased by di ... | 2012 | 23086269 |
| osvil2 functions with prc2 to induce flowering by repressing oslfl1 in rice. | flowering is exquisitely regulated by both promotive and inhibitory factors. molecular genetic studies with arabidopsis have verified several epigenetic repressors that regulate flowering time. however, the roles of chromatin remodeling factors in developmental processes have not been well explored in oryza sativa (rice). we identified a chromatin remodeling factor osvil2 (o. sativa vin3-like 2) that promotes flowering. osvil2 contains a plant homeodomain (phd) finger, which is a conserved motif ... | 2013 | 23083333 |
| effects of salt stress on ion balance and nitrogen metabolism of old and young leaves in rice (oryza sativa l.). | it is well known that salt stress has different effects on old and young tissues. however, it remains largely unexplored whether old and young tissues have different regulatory mechanism during adaptation of plants to salt stress. the aim of this study was to investigate whether salt stress has different effects on the ion balance and nitrogen metabolism in the old and young leaves of rice, and to compare functions of both organs in rice salt tolerance. | 2012 | 23082824 |
| the submergence tolerance gene sub1a delays leaf senescence under prolonged darkness through hormonal regulation in rice. | leaf senescence is a natural age-dependent process that is induced prematurely by various environmental stresses. typical alterations during leaf senescence include breakdown of chlorophyll, a shift to catabolism of energy reserves, and induction of senescence-associated genes, all of which can occur during submergence, drought, and constant darkness. here, we evaluated the influence of the submergence tolerance regulator, submergence1a (sub1a), in the acclimation responses during leaf senescenc ... | 2012 | 23073696 |
| nonredundant regulation of rice arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis by two members of the phosphate transporter1 gene family. | pi acquisition of crops via arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis is becoming increasingly important due to limited high-grade rock pi reserves and a demand for environmentally sustainable agriculture. here, we show that 70% of the overall pi acquired by rice (oryza sativa) is delivered via the symbiotic route. to better understand this pathway, we combined genetic, molecular, and physiological approaches to determine the specific functions of two symbiosis-specific members of the phosphate tran ... | 2012 | 23073651 |
| regulation of glutamine synthetase isoforms in two differentially drought-tolerant rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars under water deficit conditions. | key message : the regulation of gs isoforms by wd was organ specific. two gs isoforms i.e. osgs1;1 and osgs2 were differentially regulated in ir-64 (drought-sensitive) and khitish (drought-tolerant) cultivars of rice. water deficit (wd) has adverse effect on rice (oryza sativa l.) and acclimation requires essential reactions of primary metabolism to continue. rice plants utilize ammonium as major nitrogen source, which is assimilated into glutamine by the reaction of glutamine synthetase (gs, ec ... | 2013 | 23070303 |
| effects of temperature on mate location in the planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae). | the planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stål (homoptera: delphacidae), uses acoustic signals generated by abdominal vibration and transmitted through rice (oryza sativa l.) plants to locate mates. the influence of temperature (20, 28, and 32°c) on abdominal vibration patterns of individual females and males, proportion of mated females, and responsivity of male to female vibrational signals was investigated. when female and male adults were observed individually, temperatures of 20 and 32°c inhibite ... | 2012 | 23068181 |
| identification of qtls associated with tissue culture response through sequencing-based genotyping of rils derived from 93-11 × nipponbare in rice (oryza sativa). | key message : the performance of callus induction and callus differentiation was evaluated by 9 indices for 140 rils; 2 major qtls associated with plant regeneration were identified. in order to investigate the genetic mechanisms of tissue culture response, 140 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from 93-11 (oryza sativa ssp. indica) × nipponbare (oryza sativa ssp. japonica) and a high quality genetic map based on the snps generated from deep sequencing of the ril genomes, were used to ident ... | 2013 | 23064615 |
| miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) in rice were originated and amplified predominantly after the divergence of oryza and brachypodium and contributed considerable diversity to the species. | miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) are ubiquitous in high eukaryotic genomes. more than 178,000 mite sequences of 338 families are present in the genome of rice (oryza sativa) cultivar nipponbare. interestingly, only two of the 338 mite families have homologous sequences in the genome of brachypodium distachyon, a relative in the grass family. therefore, the vast majority of mites in the rice genome were originated and amplified after the divergence of oryza and brachypodium ... | 2012 | 23061018 |
| root protein profile changes induced by al exposure in two rice cultivars differing in al tolerance. | aluminum (al) toxicity is a primary limitation to crop growth in acidic soils. rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings exposed to al show significantly inhibited root growth. to understand the precise mechanisms underlying al toxicity, a comparative protein profile analysis of roots from two rice cultivars was conducted using 2-de and maldi-tof/tof-ms. a total of 79 al-regulated proteins were identified, from which 54 and 45 proteins were differentially regulated in kasalath (al-sensitive) and koshihik ... | 2013 | 23059537 |
| arsenite tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) involves coordinated role of metabolic pathways of thiols and amino acids. | thiolic ligands and several amino acids (aas) are known to build up in plants against heavy metal stress. in the present study, alteration of various aas in rice and its synchronized role with thiolic ligand was explored for arsenic (as) tolerance and detoxification. to understand the mechanism of as tolerance and stress response, rice seedlings of one tolerant (triguna) and one sensitive (iet-4786) cultivar were exposed to arsenite (0-25 μm) for 7 days for various biochemical analyses using spe ... | 2013 | 23054772 |
| tricin 4'-o-(erythro-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether and tricin 4'-o-(threo-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether isolated from njavara (oryza sativa l. var. njavara), induce apoptosis in multiple tumor cells by mitochondrial pathway. | njavara is an important medicinal rice variety of kerala, india widely used in ayurveda for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, paralysis, neurodegenerative diseases and in rejuvenation therapy. the study evaluated, for the first time, antitumor effects of the two rare flavonolignans, tricin 4'-o-(erythro-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether (compound 1) and tricin 4'-o-(threo-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether (compound 2), isolated from 'njavara' black. both the compounds induced apoptosis in three cancer cell ... | 2013 | 23054487 |
| suppression of ku70/80 or lig4 leads to decreased stable transformation and enhanced homologous recombination in rice. | evidence for the involvement of the nonhomologous end joining (nhej) pathway in agrobacterium-mediated transferred dna (t-dna) integration into the genome of the model plant arabidopsis remains inconclusive. having established a rapid and highly efficient agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in rice (oryza sativa) using scutellum-derived calli, we examined here the involvement of the nhej pathway in agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation in rice. rice calli from osku70, osku80 and ... | 2012 | 23050791 |
| micrornas targeting dead-box helicases are involved in salinity stress response in rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice (oryza sativa l.), one of the most important food crop in the world, is considered to be a salt-sensitive crop. excess levels of salt adversely affect all the major metabolic activities, including cell wall damage, cytoplasmic lysis and genomic stability. in order to cope with salt stress, plants have evolved high degrees of developmental plasticity, including adaptation via cascades of molecular networks and changes in gene expression profiles. posttranscriptional regulation, through the a ... | 2012 | 23043463 |
| physico-chemical properties of cationic niosomes loaded with fraction of rice (oryza sativa) bran extract. | the aim of this study was to investigate the physico-chemical properties of cationic niosomes (tween61/cholesterol/ctab) loaded with fraction no. 3 of oryza sativa bran extract (osf3) at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% (w/v), respectively, before and after ultra-centrifugation. more white milky translucent appearance of the niosomes was observed at the higher loaded amount of osf3. the entrapment efficiency of 0.5% osf3 in niosomes was 86.22 +/- 1.43%. the sizes of the niosomes were slightly increased (1 ... | 2012 | 23035474 |
| rumen digestion of rice straw structural polysaccharides: effect of ammonia treatment and lucerne extract supplementation in vitro. | the combined effects of lucerne (medicago sativa l.) extract supplementation and ammonia treatment of rice straw (oryza sativa, variety thaibonnet) on the ruminal digestion of cell wall components were investigated in six continuous culture systems using a randomised complete block design. data were fitted to second-order polynomial models. untreated rice straw had higher contents of ash-free cell wall residues (cwr; 763 v. 687 g/kg dry matter (dm)) and non-cellulosic sugars (191 v. 166 g/kg dm) ... | 2012 | 23031563 |
| molecular control of male reproductive development and pollen fertility in rice. | anther development and male fertility are essential biological processes for flowering plants and are important for crop seed production. genetic manipulation of male fertility/sterility is critical for crop hybrid breeding. rice (oryza sativa l.) male sterility phenotypes, including genic male sterility, hybrid male sterility, and cytoplasmic male sterility, are generally caused by mutations of fertility-related genes, by incompatible interactions between divergent allelic or non-allelic genes, ... | 2012 | 23025662 |
| reduction of aflatoxin in rice by different cooking methods. | rice (oryza sativa linn) is one of the basic diets in the north of iran. the aim of present study was to detect total aflatoxin (aft) in domestic and imported rice in amol (in the north of iran) and to evaluate the effect of different cooking methods on the levels of the toxin. for this purpose, 42 rice samples were collected from retail stores. the raw samples were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique for toxin assessment and then submitted to two different cooking me ... | 2014 | 23024107 |
| effort and contribution of t-dna insertion mutant library for rice functional genomics research in china: review and perspective. | with the completion of the rice (oryza sativa l.) genome-sequencing project, the rice research community proposed to characterize the function of every predicted gene in rice by 2020. one of the most effective and high-throughput strategies for studying gene function is to employ genetic mutations induced by insertion elements such as t-dna or transposons. since 1999, with support from the ministry of science and technology of china for rice functional genomics programs, large-scale t-dna insert ... | 2012 | 23020748 |
| does growth under elevated co₂ moderate photoacclimation in rice? | acclimation of plant photosynthesis to light irradiance (photoacclimation) involves adjustments in levels of pigments and proteins and larger scale changes in leaf morphology. to investigate the impact of rising atmospheric co₂ on crop physiology, we hypothesize that elevated co₂ interacts with photoacclimation in rice (oryza sativa). rice was grown under high light (hl: 700 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹), low light (ll: 200 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹), ambient co₂ (400 µl l⁻¹) and elevated co₂ (1000 µl l⁻¹). leaf six was m ... | 2013 | 23020599 |
| gibberellin indirectly promotes chloroplast biogenesis as a means to maintain the chloroplast population of expanded cells. | chloroplast biogenesis needs to be well coordinated with cell division and cell expansion during plant growth and development to achieve optimal photosynthesis rates. previous studies showed that gibberellins (gas) regulate many important plant developmental processes, including cell division and cell expansion. however, the relationship between chloroplast biogenesis with cell division and cell expansion, and how ga coordinately regulates these processes, remains poorly understood. in this stud ... | 2012 | 23020316 |
| osmiox, a myo-inositol oxygenase gene, improves drought tolerance through scavenging of reactive oxygen species in rice (oryza sativa l.). | myo-inositol oxygenase (miox), a unique monooxygenase, catalyzes the oxidation of myo-inositol to d-glucuronic acid. however, the protective role of miox in plants against oxidative stress or drought stress remains unknown. in this study, the functional characterization of miox obtained from the cdna library of upland rice (oryza sativa l. cv. irat109), was performed. osmiox was expressed predominantly in the roots and induced by drought, h₂o₂, salt, cold and abscisic acid. the transgenic rice l ... | 2012 | 23017909 |
| hydrogen peroxide-mediated growth of the root system occurs via auxin signaling modification and variations in the expression of cell-cycle genes in rice seedlings exposed to cadmium stress. | the link between root growth, h₂o₂, auxin signaling, and the cell cycle in cadmium (cd)-stressed rice (oryza sativa l. cv. zhonghua no. 11) was analyzed in this study. exposure to cd induced a significant accumulation of cd, but caused a decrease in zinc (zn) content which resulted from the decreased expression of oshma9 and oszip. analysis using a cd-specific probe showed that cd was mainly localized in the meristematic zone and vascular tissues. formation and elongation of the root system were ... | 2012 | 23013333 |
| biochemical and structural characterization of recombinant human serum transferrin from rice (oryza sativa l.). | the fe(3+) binding protein human serum transferrin (htf) is well known for its role in cellular iron delivery via the transferrin receptor (tfr). a new application is the use of htf as a therapy and targeted drug delivery system for a number of diseases. recently, production of htf in plants has been reported; such systems provide a relatively inexpensive, animal-free (eliminating potential contamination by animal pathogens) method to produce large amounts of recombinant proteins for such biopha ... | 2012 | 23010327 |
| overexpression of rice lrk1 restricts internode elongation by down-regulating osko2. | rice (oryza sativa) has the potential to undergo rapid internodal elongation which determines plant height. gibberellin is involved in internode elongation. leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (lrr-rlks) are the largest subfamily of transmembrane receptor-like kinases in plants. lrr-rlks play important functions in mediating a variety of cellular processes and regulating responses to environmental signals. lrk1, a psk receptor homolog, is a member of the lrr-rlk family. in the present stud ... | 2013 | 23007447 |
| down-regulation of the tagw2 gene by rna interference results in decreased grain size and weight in wheat. | for important food crops such as wheat and rice, grain yield depends on grain number and size. in rice (oryza sativa), gw2 was isolated from a major quantitative trait locus for yield and encodes an e3 ring ligase that negatively regulates grain size. wheat (triticum aestivum) has tagw2 homologues in the a, b, and d genomes, and polymorphisms in tagw2-a were associated with grain width. here, to investigate tagw2 function, rna interference (rnai) was used to down-regulate tagw2 transcript levels ... | 2012 | 22996678 |
| silicon nutrition increases grain yield, which, in turn, exerts a feed-forward stimulation of photosynthetic rates via enhanced mesophyll conductance and alters primary metabolism in rice. | silicon (si) is not considered to be an essential element for higher plants and is believed to have no effect on primary metabolism in unstressed plants. in rice (oryza sativa), si nutrition improves grain production; however, no attempt has been made to elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying such responses. here, we assessed crop yield and combined advanced gas exchange analysis with carbon isotope labelling and metabolic profiling to measure the effects of si nutrition on rice photo ... | 2012 | 22994889 |
| a global identification and analysis of small nucleolar rnas and possible intermediate-sized non-coding rnas in oryza sativa. | accumulating evidence suggests that non-coding rnas (ncrnas) are both widespread and functionally important in many eukaryotic organisms. in this study, we employed a special size fractionation and cdna library construction method followed by 454 deep sequencing to systematically profile rice intermediate-size ncrnas. our analysis resulted in the identification of 1349 ncrnas in total, including 754 novel ncrnas of an unknown functional category. chromosome distribution of all identified ncrnas ... | 2013 | 22986792 |
| transgenerational inheritance of modified dna methylation patterns and enhanced tolerance induced by heavy metal stress in rice (oryza sativa l.). | dna methylation is sensitive and responsive to stressful environmental conditions. nonetheless, the extent to which condition-induced somatic methylation modifications can impose transgenerational effects remains to be fully understood. even less is known about the biological relevance of the induced epigenetic changes for potentially altered well-being of the organismal progenies regarding adaptation to the specific condition their progenitors experienced. | 2012 | 22984395 |
| a killer-protector system regulates both hybrid sterility and segregation distortion in rice. | hybrid sterility is a major form of postzygotic reproductive isolation that restricts gene flow between populations. cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) consists of two subspecies, indica and japonica; inter-subspecific hybrids are usually sterile. we show that a killer-protector system at the s5 locus encoded by three tightly linked genes [open reading frame 3 (orf3) to orf5] regulates fertility in indica-japonica hybrids. during female sporogenesis, the action of orf5+ (killer) and orf4+ (partne ... | 2012 | 22984070 |
| plant science: the key to preventing slow cadmium poisoning. | practically all human populations are environmentally exposed to cadmium (cd), mostly through plant-derived food. a growing body of epidemiological evidence suggests that there is no margin of safety between current cd exposure levels and the threshold for adverse health effects and, hence, there is an urgent need to lower human cd intake. here we review recent studies on rice (oryza sativa) and cd-hyperaccumulating plants that have led to important insights into the processes controlling the pa ... | 2013 | 22981394 |
| heart of endosymbioses: transcriptomics reveals a conserved genetic program among arbuscular mycorrhizal, actinorhizal and legume-rhizobial symbioses. | to improve their nutrition, most plants associate with soil microorganisms, particularly fungi, to form mycorrhizae. a few lineages, including actinorhizal plants and legumes are also able to interact with nitrogen-fixing bacteria hosted intracellularly inside root nodules. fossil and molecular data suggest that the molecular mechanisms involved in these root nodule symbioses (rns) have been partially recycled from more ancient and widespread arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis. we used a comp ... | 2012 | 22970303 |
| qtls associated with root traits increase yield in upland rice when transferred through marker-assisted selection. | altering root morphology of rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars could improve yields in drought-prone upland ecosystems. marker-assisted backcross breeding was used to introgress four qtls for root traits into an upland rice cultivar. the qtls had previously been identified under experimental conditions in a different genetic background. the introgressed lines and the recurrent parent were grown for 6 years by resource-poor farmers in upland sites in eastern india and yields recorded. in combinatio ... | 2013 | 22968512 |
| suppression of α-amylase genes improves quality of rice grain ripened under high temperature. | high temperature impairs rice (oryza sativa) grain filling by inhibiting the deposition of storage materials such as starch, resulting in mature grains with a chalky appearance, currently a major problem for rice farming in asian countries. such deterioration of grain quality is accompanied by the altered expression of starch metabolism-related genes. here we report the involvement of a starch-hydrolyzing enzyme, α-amylase, in high temperature-triggered grain chalkiness. in developing seeds, hig ... | 2012 | 22967050 |
| increased polyamine biosynthesis enhances stress tolerance by preventing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species: t-dna mutational analysis of oryza sativa lysine decarboxylase-like protein 1. | a highly oxidative stress-tolerant japonica rice line was isolated by t-dna insertion mutation followed by screening in the presence of 50 mm h(2)o(2). the t-dna insertion was mapped to locus os09g0547500, the gene product of which was annotated as lysine decarboxylase-like protein (genbank accession no. ak062595). we termed this gene osldc-like 1, for oryza sativa lysine decarboxylase-like 1. the insertion site was in the second exon and resulted in a 27 amino acid n-terminal deletion. despite ... | 2012 | 22965749 |
| different isoforms of starch-synthesizing enzymes controlling amylose and amylopectin content in rice (oryza sativa l.). | starch, composed of amylose and amylopectin, greatly influences rice cooking and textural quality, which in turn is controlled by various isoforms of several enzymes. activity of one or more isoforms of starch-synthesizing enzymes results in various forms of starch structure based on the amylopectin chain length and average external, internal and core chain length distribution and hence results in varying physicochemical and cooking quality. since the synthesis of starch is highly complex, it is ... | 2015 | 22960619 |
| prediction of methyl mercury uptake by rice plants ( oryza sativa l.) using the diffusive gradient in thin films technique. | rice consumption is the primary pathway for methyl mercury (mehg) exposure at inland mercury (hg) mining areas of sw china. mechanistic information on mehg accumulation in rice is, however, limited. the process of mehg exchange between paddy soil and rice plants predominantly occurs in pore water. the detection of bioavailable mehg in pore water is therefore important to predict mehg uptake by rice plants ( oryza sativa l.). this study investigated mehg dynamics and spatial mehg trends in pore w ... | 2012 | 22957473 |
| sequence variations in osagpase significantly associated with amylose content and viscosity properties in rice (oryza sativa l.). | sequence-based variations in starch synthesis-related genes (ssrgs) exert a basic influence on the determination of eating quality in rice (oryza sativa l.). this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the sequence variations from parts of 10 ssrgs and the amylose content (ac) plus rapid viscosity analysis (rva) profiles in a heuristic rice core set by association mapping (am). in total, 86 sequence variations were found in 10 sequenced amplicons, including 79 single-nucleotide poly ... | 2012 | 22950899 |
| serpins in rice: protein sequence analysis, phylogeny and gene expression during development. | most members of the serpin family of proteins are potent, irreversible inhibitors of specific serine or cysteine proteinases. inhibitory serpins are distinguished from members of other families of proteinase inhibitors by their metastable structure and unique suicide-substrate mechanism. animal serpins exert control over a remarkable diversity of physiological processes including blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, innate immunity and aspects of development. relatively little is known about the com ... | 2012 | 22947050 |
| lesser grain borers, rhyzopertha dominica, select rough rice kernels with cracked hulls for reproduction. | tests were conducted to determine whether the lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (coleoptera: bostrychidae), selects rough rice (oryza sativa l. (poales: poaceae)) kernels with cracked hulls for reproduction when these kernels are mixed with intact kernels. differing amounts of kernels with cracked hulls (0, 5, 10, and 20%) of the varieties francis and wells were mixed with intact kernels, and the number of adult progeny emerging from intact kernels and from kernels with cracked hulls ... | 2012 | 22943499 |
| a putative gene sbe3-rs for resistant starch mutated from sbe3 for starch branching enzyme in rice (oryza sativa l.). | foods high in resistant starch (rs) are beneficial to prevent various diseases including diabetes, colon cancers, diarrhea and chronic renal or hepatic diseases. elevated rs in rice is important for public health since rice is a staple food for half of the world population. a japonica mutant 'jiangtangdao 1' (rs = 11.67%) was crossed with an indica cultivar 'miyang 23' (rs = 0.41%). the mutant sbe3-rs that explained 60.4% of rs variation was mapped between rm6611 and rm13366 on chromosome 2 (lod ... | 2012 | 22937009 |
| characterization of osmads6-5, a null allele, reveals that osmads6 is a critical regulator for early flower development in rice (oryza sativa l.). | agl6-clade genes are a subfamily of mads-box genes and preferentially expressed in floral organs. osmads6 and osmads17 are two agl6-like genes in rice. osmads17 has been shown to play a minor role in floral development and appears to result from a duplication of osmads6. osmads6 was initially named as mfo1 for mosaic floral organs based on its moderate mutant phenotypes. so far, four moderate or weak mutant alleles of osmads6 have been described, providing valuable insights into its role in flow ... | 2012 | 22933119 |
| regulation of atg6/beclin-1 homologs by abiotic stresses and hormones in rice (oryza sativa l.). | autophagy, a complex and conserved mechanism, serving as a defense response in all eukaryotic organisms, is regulated by several proteins, among which atg proteins are the most important due to their involvement in autophagosome formation. atg6/beclin-1 proteins, reported to be essential for autophagosome formation and assigned as a conserved domain, were subjected to database searches. we found three homologs in the rice (oryza sativa) genome. a phylogeny tree was constructed to establish their ... | 2012 | 22930426 |
| reactive oxygen species, ascorbate-glutathione pool, and enzymes of their metabolism in drought-sensitive and tolerant indica rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings subjected to progressing levels of water deficit. | water deficit for rice is a worldwide concern, and to produce drought-tolerant varieties, it is essential to elucidate molecular mechanisms associated with water deficit tolerance. in the present study, we investigated the differential responses of nonenzymatic antioxidants ascorbate (asa), glutathione (gsh), and their redox pool as well as activity levels of enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle in seedlings of drought-sensitive rice (oryza sativa l.) cv. malviya-36 and drought-tolerant cv. br ... | 2013 | 22926745 |