| dracunculus insignis in ferrets: comparison of inoculation routes. | three routes of inoculation were compared to determine the best method to infect ferrets with dracunculus insignis. the traditional method of administering infected cyclops containing l3s through gavage was compared to intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of l3s. ten of 18 (56%) gavaged ferrets became infected after receiving copepods containing approximately 100 l3s each; 44 adult worms were recovered from these 10 animals. twenty-one of 28 (75%) animals inoculated with 50 ... | 1990 | 2137166 |
| a 36 nucleotide deletion mutation in the coding region of the ns1 gene of an influenza a virus rna segment 8 specifies a temperature-dependent host range phenotype. | previously a spontaneous 36 nucleotide deletion in the coding region of ns1 was detected in the ns gene of a reassortant virus (cr43-3) recovered from a dual infection by the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) mutant and wild-type (wt) influenza a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2). the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and ns genes were derived from the wild type virus parent while the other 5 genes were derived from the ca parent. the cr43-3 reassortant virus exhibited: (i) a host range (hr) phenotype, i ... | 1990 | 2138396 |
| cell calcium, oncogenes, and hypertrophy. | the cellular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy remain unclear despite tantalizing clues gleaned from a variety of experimental approaches. here we examine the hypothesis that an increase in cytosolic free ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i) triggers the expression of proto-oncogenes, which in turn direct the characteristic increase in protein synthesis. new results from perfused ferret hearts are presented demonstrating that [ca2+]i increases as a direct consequence of an elevation in perfusion pressur ... | 1990 | 2140817 |
| distribution, behavior, and course of patency of dracunculus insignis in experimentally infected ferrets. | from 106 ferrets experimentally infected with dracunculus insignis, 273 female worms and 42 male worms were recovered. the percentage of female worms that mated, the location of all worms, and the rate of emergence of gravid females were recorded. of 174 mature female worms recovered, only 11% had emerged before necropsy. eighty-one percent of the male worms and 87% of all unmated (immature) females were found on the trunk of the animal or on the skin overlying it. gravid female worms were found ... | 1990 | 2143224 |
| chemoprophylactic drug trials for treatment of dracunculiasis using the dracunculus insignis-ferret model. | groups of ferrets inoculated with dracunculus insignis were treated with various anthelminthic compounds to evaluate the potential use of drugs in controlling the human parasite d. medinensis. the three primary compounds tested were diethylcarbamazine (dec), albendazole (albz), and invermectin (iver); they were administered in dosages of 60 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 1 mg/kg, respectively. groups of animals received treatment either once at 60 days after inoculation, once at 60 and 90 days, or for 3 d ... | 1990 | 2143770 |
| distribution of growth-associated protein, b-50 (gap-43) in the mammalian enteric nervous system. | the presence of the growth-associated protein, b-50 (also known as gap-43) was investigated in the adult mammalian enteric nervous system. the small intestine of rat, ferret and human was examined by immunohistochemistry. dense b-50-like immunoreactivity was localized in nerves throughout the wall of the rat, ferret and human small intestine, notably in the myenteric and submucous plexuses, where in the ferret ileum it co-localized with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive fibre grou ... | 1990 | 2147742 |
| differential effects of caffeine on skinned fibers from control and hypertrophied ferret hearts. | the effects of caffeine on the mechanical properties of detergent-skinned fibers from control and pressure-overloaded ferret hearts have been compared. right ventricle hypertrophy was studied 6 wk after pulmonary artery ligation, an intervention that increased the right ventricular weight-body weight ratio by 60%. although no changes were observed in the ca sensitivity of contraction between control [pca for one-half-maximal activation (pca50) = 5.80 +/- 0.05] and hypertrophied (pca50 = 5.85 +/- ... | 1990 | 2148060 |
| intracellular calcium related to force development in twitch contraction of mammalian myocardium. | to characterize the relationship between force production and ca2+ occupancy of troponin c, investigators have related peak intracellular ca2+, measured with a variety of ca2(+)-indicators, and peak force during twitches. inherent in the force-[ca2+] relationship is the responsiveness of the myofilaments to ca2+ which can be altered by different pharmacological manipulations. in this study we compared the force-[ca2+] relationship obtained in aequorin-injected papillary muscles and saponin skinn ... | 1990 | 2148283 |
| nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity is transiently associated with the subplate neurons of the mammalian cerebral cortex. | nerve growth factor and its receptor (ngfr) are known to be present in diverse embryonic and neonatal central nervous system tissues, including the cerebral cortex. however, the identity of the cortical cells expressing ngfr immunoreactivity has not been established. we have used immunolabeling coupled with [3h]thymidine autoradiography to identify such cells in ferret and cat brain. polyclonal antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to a conserved amino acid sequence of the ... | 1990 | 2153287 |
| phase i/ii trial of granisetron: a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. | a new class of antiemetic agents, the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht3) antagonists, have been shown to possess potent antiemetic properties in the ferret model. we conducted a phase i/ii trial of the 5-ht3 antagonist brl43694 (granisetron) in 24 chemotherapy-naïve patients who were receiving any combination of doxorubicin and/or cisplatin. the first 12 patients received 40 micrograms/kg and the second 12 received 80 micrograms/kg of granisetron intravenously before beginning chemotherapy. nausea was ... | 1990 | 2153767 |
| derivation of gnotobiotic ferrets: perinatal diet and hand-rearing requirements. | a procedure is described which has resulted in successful gnotobiotic derivation of the domestic ferret. the most critical element of this hand-rearing procedure was found to be diet, with ferret milk being required for at least the first 7 days. puppy milk replacer was phased in during the next 10 days, and enriched cow's milk sufficed thereafter. around-the-clock sip-feeding with fire-polished pasteur pipettes was necessary at intervals gradually increasing from 1 to 1.5 hours at birth to 3 ho ... | 1990 | 2153861 |
| thyroid and adrenal function tests in adult male ferrets. | effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) on plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones, and effects of acth and dexamethasone on plasma concentrations of cortisol, were studied in adult male ferrets. thirteen ferrets were randomly assigned to test or control groups of eight and five animals, respectively. combined (test + control groups) mean basal plasma thyroxine (t4) values were different between the trh (1.81 +/- 0.41 micrograms/dl, mean +/- sd) and ... | 1990 | 2154147 |
| the role of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium handling upon reoxygenation of hypoxic myocardium. | the mechanism of twitch prolongation of hypoxic myocardium after reoxygenation was studied before and after interventions that affect cellular cyclic nucleotide levels, subcellular calcium handling, or oxygen-derived free radical production/survival. right ventricular ferret papillary muscles were subjected to two 20-minute periods of hypoxia, each followed by 1 hour of reoxygenation. the first sequence of hypoxia/reoxygenation was done without intervention. before the second sequence, the pharm ... | 1990 | 2155067 |
| reduction of calculus accumulation in domestic ferrets with two dentifrices containing pyrophosphate. | work performed by king et al. in the 1940's and 1950's, as well as recent studies by our group, have shown that the domestic ferret is a suitable model for the study of calculus formation, offering several advantages over the rodent and dog models in current use. we have demonstrated that mineral supplementation of a moist diet accelerates calculus accumulation, and that twice-daily application of a regular dentifrice slows the initial rate of calculus formation, but permits significant accumula ... | 1990 | 2155258 |
| aleutian disease parvovirus infection of mink and ferrets elicits an antibody response to a second nonstructural viral protein. | a second nonstructural protein of the aleutian disease parvovirus was predicted from nucleotide sequence analysis and a detailed transcription map. western immunoblotting analysis showed that infected mink and ferrets show an antibody response to this predicted protein. | 1990 | 2157070 |
| effects of yohimbine on bradycardia and duration of recumbency in ketamine/xylazine anesthetized ferrets. | eleven adult ferrets (mustela putorius furo) were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg, im) and xylazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg, im). fifteen minutes post-ketamine/xylazine injection, ferrets were treated with yohimbine hydrochloride at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, or an equal volume of physiologic saline, intramuscularly. each ferret served as its own control by randomly receiving both treatments with a minimum interval of 2 weeks between treatments on any one ferret. at 15 minutes post-k ... | 1990 | 2157099 |
| growth of the ferret tracheobronchial tree. | because the ferret is being used increasingly in inhalation toxicology and lung physiology studies, it is necessary to better understand the airway structure of its tracheobronchial tree. previously published information does not include dimensions of bronchi and bronchioles in either adult or growing ferrets. the airway structure of interest for calculating inhaled particle deposition patterns includes airway lengths, diameters and branching angles in each generation. measurements of these dime ... | 1990 | 2157101 |
| leiomyosarcoma in a domestic ferret: morphologic and immunocytochemical diagnosis. | | 1990 | 2157107 |
| emesis and defecations induced by the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht3) receptor antagonist zacopride in the ferret. | three antiemetic compounds (zacopride, batanopride, granisetron [brl43694]) were evaluated for the production of gastrointestinal side effects in the conscious ferret after i.v. or p.o. administration. zacopride evoked multiple emetic and defecatory responses at clinically relevant doses (0.003-0.3 mg/kg) and in a dose-dependent manner. the oral route was the more potent one for eliciting emesis (ed50 0.033 mg/kg). at 0.3 mg/kg p.o., zacopride reliably evoked an 80 to 100% incidence of emesis an ... | 1990 | 2162943 |
| rg 12915: a potent 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 antagonist that is an orally effective inhibitor of cytotoxic drug-induced emesis in the ferret and dog. | rg 12915 [4-[n-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2.]octan-3-(s)-yl)]2-chloro-cis 5a-(s)-9a-(s)-5a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydrobenzofurancarboxamide hydrochloride] is a potent and effective agent against cisplatin-induced emesis in the ferret after i.v. or p.o. administration. this agent (p.o.) is also highly protective against cisplatin-induced emesis in the dog, as well as cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin-induced emesis in the ferret. when administered either p.o. or i.v., rg 12915 has a lower ed50 value (0.004 mg/kg) tha ... | 1990 | 2166791 |
| recovery of contractility and phi during respiratory acidosis in ferret hearts: role of na(+)-h+ exchange. | during acute respiratory acidosis, cardiac contractile pressure first drops but then recovers substantially. we investigated the mechanism of this response in isovolumic perfused ferret hearts. developed pressure (dp) and its first derivative (dp/dt) were measured before, during, and after hypercapnia induced by equilibrating the perfusate with 15% co2, rather than the 5% co2 used in control. intramyocardial ph (phi) was measured by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. after ... | 1990 | 2168681 |
| the role of specific 5-ht3 receptor antagonism in the control of cytostatic drug-induced emesis. | work on the pharmacological effects of high-dose metoclopramide led beecham scientists to identify the role of 5-ht3 receptors in the emetic response to cytostatic drugs and x-irradiation in animals. further studies have confirmed and extended knowledge of the novel 5-ht3 antagonist granisetron. dose-dependent inhibition of the 5-ht-induced bezold-jarisch reflex in anaesthetized rats was shown by doses of 0.1-10 micrograms/kg i.v. granisetron. radioligand binding studies in rat brain revealed a ... | 1990 | 2169786 |
| transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a ferret. | | 1990 | 2170760 |
| effect of temperature on the rise in intracellular sodium caused by calcium depletion in ferret ventricular muscle and the mechanism of the alleviation of the calcium paradox by hypothermia. | the effects of temperature over the range 37-10 degrees c on the responses of isolated ferret ventricular trabeculae to the depletion and repletion of bathing calcium has been investigated. cooling is found to reduce the rate of rise of intracellular sodium activity (measured with an ion-sensitive microelectrode) induced by depletion of bathing divalent cations, without affecting the prolonged depolarization. the rate of rise of [na]i (with the sodium pump inhibited) shows a dependence on temper ... | 1990 | 2171805 |
| melatonin receptors are present in the ferret pars tuberalis and pars distalis, but not in brain. | the pineal hormone melatonin regulates reproductive function in seasonally breeding mammals. recent studies using 125i-labeled 2-iodomelatonin (i-mel) reveal that the distribution of putative melatonin receptors is species-specific; only the hypophysial pars tuberalis (pt) is a consistent site of i-mel binding in all photoperiodic species examined. in the present study, we used in vitro autoradiography to examine the distribution of i-mel binding in the ferret brain and pituitary. we report that ... | 1990 | 2171920 |
| a technique for femoral bone marrow collection in the ferret. | | 1990 | 2172640 |
| an elisa for detection of antibodies against influenza a nucleoprotein in humans and various animal species. | a double antibody sandwich blocking elisa, using a monoclonal antibody (mab) against influenza a nucleoprotein (np) was developed to detect antibodies against influenza. collections of serum samples were obtained from human and various animal species. all influenza a subtypes induced antibodies against hemagglutinins and np. a close correlation between titers of the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test and the np-elisa was seen. antibodies against influenza np were demonstrated in serum samples ... | 1990 | 2174233 |
| evidence for presynaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine3 recognition sites on vagal afferent terminals in the brainstem of the ferret. | antagonists acting at the 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor are potent anti-emetic agents in cases of cytotoxic- and radiation-induced vomiting, and binding sites for these compounds have been described in brainstem areas known to be involved in mediation of nausea and vomiting. we have used autoradiography to examine the distribution of one of these antagonists, [3h]granisetron in the caudal brainstem of the ferret, a commonly used animal model for physiological investigations of emesis. the highes ... | 1990 | 2176720 |
| bradykinin and respiratory mucous membranes. analysis of bradykinin binding site distribution and secretory responses in vitro and in vivo. | bradykinin (bk) and lysyl-bk (lys-bk, kallidin) have been proposed as potentially important mediators of rhinorrhea. possible mechanisms by which bk might contribute to rhinorrhea were investigated by several approaches. (1) the autoradiographic distribution of 125i-bk binding sites in human inferior turbinate nasal mucosa was determined. (2) the effects of bk and lys-bk and antagonists on radiolabeled respiratory glycoconjugate (rgc) release from human nasal mucosa was measured. (3) the secreto ... | 1990 | 2178531 |
| animal models in the study of vomiting. | the emetic responses to various pharmacological agents, cytotoxins, and radiation are compared among animal species. the species included for comparison are the human, nonhuman primate, dog, cat, and ferret. the categories of pharmacologic compounds include both those compounds that act on identified membrane receptors (e.g., cholinergic agonists, catecholamines, and neuroactive peptides) and those that act on unidentified receptors (e.g., cardiac glycosides and veratrum alkaloids, among others) ... | 1990 | 2178751 |
| the abdominal visceral innervation and the emetic reflex: pathways, pharmacology, and plasticity. | in recent years the role of the area postrema in the emetic reflex has been predominant and the involvement of the abdominal visceral innervation has tended to be overlooked. this paper attempts to redress the balance reflex by reviewing aspects of the existing literature and complementing this with original studies from the ferret. in view of the widespread use of the ferret in studies of emesis and particularly in the characterization of the antiemetic actions of 5-ht3 receptor antagonist, the ... | 1990 | 2178756 |
| electromechanical effects of endothelin on ferret bronchial and tracheal smooth muscle. | the effects of endothelin (et) on transmembrane potential and isometric force were studied in ferret bronchial and tracheal smooth muscles. at rest, the muscle cells were electrically and mechanically quiescent. the mean resting potential for the bronchial cells was -70 +/- 1 mv (n = 25 cells/8 ferrets), and that of the tracheal cells was -60 +/- 1 mv (n = 7 cells/2 ferrets). et depolarized and contracted both types of muscle cells in a concentration-dependent manner. at 1 nm et, the bronchial m ... | 1990 | 2179208 |
| toxicology of selected pesticides, drugs, and chemicals. zinc. | zinc poisoning in small animals has been described in dogs, cats, birds, and ferrets, but the dog appears to be the species most often affected. ingestion of zinc-containing metallic objects, including pennies, and zinc oxide ointments has been associated with the majority of the toxicoses. clinical signs include anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, hemolytic anemia, kidney dysfunction, and possible liver and pancreatic abnormalities. treatments that have proven efficacious include fluid diuresis, bloo ... | 1990 | 2180195 |
| differential interaction of virulent and attenuated influenza virus strains with ferret alveolar macrophages: possible role in pathogenicity. | the ferret provides a unique model for the study of human influenza. the interaction between alveolar macrophages and virus strains with different levels of virulence was examined in vitro. the greater virulence of wild-type a strains over type b and c viruses was reflected in the higher production of infectious virus progeny and subsequent cytopathology, even though the expression of viral antigens was equivalent for all strains tested. these included a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) and a/rochester/1/8 ... | 1990 | 2181032 |
| electromechanical effects of endothelin in ferret bronchial and tracheal smooth muscle. | | 1990 | 2181482 |
| the inhibitory effect of halothane on the emetic response in the ferret. | emesis and nausea are often associated with anaesthesia and continue to be a common clinical problem. past clinical studies have demonstrated that halothane produces a higher incidence of vomiting compared with other anaesthetics, but some investigators have described an antiemetic effect. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various doses of halothane on the emetic response in the decerebrate ferret. following a control emetic response, a maximum of six increasing cumulat ... | 1990 | 2182187 |
| abnormal intracellular calcium handling in acute and chronic heart failure: role in systolic and diastolic dysfunction. | acute or chronic heart failure may be caused by one or more of a variety of abnormalities including changes in excitation-contraction coupling processes (i.e. decreased availability of activator ca2+ or a change in myofilament ca2+ responsiveness), a change in myocardial energetics, or a change in extracellular factors, such as connective tissue content. most of the animal and human models of acute cardiac failure that we have studied in our laboratory (i.e. negative inotropic responses to drugs ... | 1990 | 2188844 |
| enterocecocolitis associated with intraepithelial campylobacter-like bacteria in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). | we examined 28 suckling, weanling, and young adult rabbits with lethargy, inappetence, and mucinous, semifluid feces. sixteen of the rabbits had intestinal lesions. in eight of these rabbits, the primary changes were multifocal to diffuse epithelial proliferation and accumulation of lymphocytes, macrophages, or both in the lamina propria of the small intestine, cecum, and sacculated colon. in two of these rabbits, the accumulation of macrophages in the lamina propria was extensive. the other eig ... | 1990 | 2189255 |
| pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in prepubertal and postpubertal male ferrets. | the pituitary response to three different doses of exogenously administered lhrh was examined in prepubertal (9-wk-old) and postpubertal (32-wk-old) male ferrets. the doses of 5, 10, and 15 ng lhrh/kg body weight tested in this study produced dose-related increases in circulating lh concentrations in both pre- and postpubertal groups. in addition, a significant effect of age on lh response was observed, with the prepubertal animals demonstrating significantly greater serum lh values in response ... | 1990 | 2198953 |
| endocrine pathology of estrogens: species differences. | the clinical uses of estrogens are associated with serious adverse effects, so the experimental toxicology of these compounds is under continuous review. structurally different estrogens have qualitatively similar effects in animals when given in amounts way above the rodent uterotrophic dose. toxicity still tends, however, to be related to estrogenic potency. carnivores are more susceptible than rodents. changes in reproductive, mammary and endocrine tissues are consistent with hyperestrogenism ... | 1990 | 2203070 |
| hepatic steatosis during convalescence from influenza b infection in ferrets with postprandial hyperinsulinemia. | the possibility that postprandial hyperinsulinemia could play a role in the development of hepatic lipid disturbances during convalescence from influenza b infection was explored in the ferret as a possible model of the steatosis of reye's syndrome. postprandial hyperinsulinemia was produced by feeding young ferrets glucose/water and a regular diet (glucose-treated group), as reflected by the mean serum insulin levels attained, which were 57 and 135 microu/ml during control and postinfluenza per ... | 1990 | 2205696 |
| performance of a tv image analysis system as a microdensitometer. | the performance of a tv image analysis system combined with an automated microscope (the leitz tas plus) as a microdensitometer and morphometric device was investigated. there was a strict linear correlation (r greater than .99) between the physically defined optical transmission values and the resulting electronic signals from the plumbicon tv camera for the whole area displayed on the monitor. the shading of the optoelectronic system had a coefficient of variation (cv) of 1.42% for measurement ... | 1990 | 2206196 |
| medullary sites mediating some abdominal vagal reflexes in the ferret using [14c]2-deoxyglucose. | the central projections of some abdominal visceral afferents passing through the vagal communicating branch were studied in anesthetized ferrets using [14c]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography. the reflex effects of electrical stimulation of the vagal communicating branch were studied while measurements of jejunal motor activity and transmural potential difference, a marker of electrogenic epithelial transport were made concurrently. the aim of this study was to examine brainstem projections of some a ... | 1990 | 2207629 |
| in vivo morphogenetic activity of dentine matrix proteins. | matrix proteins (edta-soluble and collagenase-released) from rabbit dentine have been demonstrated to show in vivo morphogenetic activity in exposed pulps of ferret canine teeth. in young adult ferrets, the reparative dentine resembled normal primary tubular dentine with odontoblast-like cells lining its formative surface. the reparative response in older animals was seen as osteo-dentine deposition. in both cases, the reparative response was characterized by its intensity within a comparatively ... | 1990 | 2211578 |
| immunological detection of cat uterine proteins in ferrets, dogs and baboons. | in the cat, a high molecular weight (greater than 320 kda) estrogen (e2)-dependent protein (cuped) and a group of low molecular weight (28 kda, 36 kda, 41 kda) progesterone (p)-dependent proteins (pdp) are synthesized by the epithelial cells of the deep uterine glands and secreted into the lumen. the present study was designed to investigate the possibility that other species synthesize proteins similar to cuped and pdp in response to steroids. uterine flushings and media from cultured endometri ... | 1990 | 2213724 |
| effects of lesions of a sexually dimorphic nucleus in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area on the expression of androgen- and estrogen-dependent sexual behaviors in male ferrets. | the male nucleus of the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area (mn-poa/ah) is a sexually dimorphic structure present in male, but not in female ferrets. ovariectomized female ferrets given increasing dosages of estradiol benzoate (eb) normally run faster towards a stud male in an l-maze (i.e. become more proceptive). in two separate experiments, only gonadectomized males with bilateral damage to the mn-poa/ah following large or small electrolytic lesions approached stud males more quickly in respon ... | 1990 | 2224522 |
| the innervation of tracheal smooth muscle in the ferret. | the innervation of tracheal smooth muscle in the ferret has been studied by monitoring pressure changes in a fluid-filled segment of trachea in pentobarbitone anaesthetized animals. stimulation of the peripheral cut end of the vago-sympathetic trunk elicited increases in trachea segment pressure only when activity was evoked in non-myelinated efferent axons, myelinated axons were without effect. such excitatory responses were blocked by atropine. after atropine and elevation of trachealis muscle ... | 1990 | 2229889 |
| peptidergic innervation of the major salivary glands of the ferret. | in parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands of the ferret, morphological correlates were looked for, using immunocytochemistry, to previous physiological findings showing parasympathetic "atropine-resistant" salivary secretion and neuropeptide-evoked salivation in this species. nerve fibers storing vip were numerous in association with acini, ducts and blood vessels, while the number of fibers storing substance p was moderate and those containing cgrp and galanin few; also the number of npy- ... | 1990 | 2235685 |
| molecular characterization of a new hemagglutinin, subtype h14, of influenza a virus. | two influenza a viruses whose hemagglutinin (ha) did not react with any of the reference antisera for the 13 recognized ha subtypes were isolated from mallard ducks in the ussr. antigenic analysis by hemagglutination inhibition and double immunodiffusion tests showed that the has of these viruses are similar to each other but distinct from the has of other influenza a viruses. nucleotide sequence analysis showed that these ha genes differ from each other by only 21 nucleotides. however, they dif ... | 1990 | 2238469 |
| the effect of surgical anaesthesia on antral motility in the ferret. | gastric motility was recorded from ferrets chronically prepared with an antral strain gauge. in fasted animals, antral motility showed cycles of activity and quiescence typical of the migrating motor complex (mmc) with a period of 44.7 +/- 6.1 min (n = 4). anaesthesia with pentobarbitone sodium (50 mg/kg) disrupted this interdigestive motor pattern which returned along with recovery from anaesthesia. the first cycle of antral motility occurred 119 +/- 23.9 min after the onset of anaesthesia and ... | 1990 | 2245020 |
| regulation of force in skinned, single cells of ferret aortic smooth muscle. | an isolation technique was developed for single cells from the ferret aorta, which resulted in the isolation of long (87 +/- 27 microns; x +/- sd, n = 62), relaxed, pharmacologically active smooth muscle cells. these cells were attached to microtools, one of which was connected to a force transducer. force in maximally phenylephrine-stimulated contractions of the intact cells averaged 2.3 +/- 1.4 micron (n = 17). after cell skinning with saponin, the threshold for force development was 0.05 micr ... | 1990 | 2247345 |
| reproductive failure in mink and ferrets after intravenous or oral inoculation of campylobacter jejuni. | four pregnant mink and seven pregnant ferrets, including five with previous exposure and specific antibody, were injected intravenously with 10(8)-10(10) colony-forming units of campylobacter jejuni. all 11 pregnancies failed 1-16 days after infection, with results ranging from fetal resorption to expulsion of dead or premature living kits. in every case, uterine contents (placenta, uterine fluid and/or kits) were culture-positive for c. jejuni. three pregnant mink and nine pregnant ferrets, inc ... | 1990 | 2249178 |
| 23na-nmr measurements of intracellular sodium in intact perfused ferret hearts during ischemia and reperfusion. | 23na nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy was utilized to measure intracellular na+ in perfused ferret hearts exposed to the shift reagent dysprosium triethylenetramine-hexa-acetic acid [dy(ttha)3-]. the intracellular na+ signal was small under normal perfusion conditions; resolution was enhanced by using a jump-return nmr pulse protocol. during 20 min of total global ischemia at 30 degrees c, intracellular na+ concentration ([na+]i) increased steadily to a peak value fivefold greater t ... | 1990 | 2260701 |
| neutron spectrum measurements in the aluminum oxide filtered beam facility at the brookhaven medical research reactor. | neutron spectrum measurements were performed on the aluminum oxide filter installed in the brookhaven medical research reactor (bmrr). for these measurements, activation foils were irradiated at the exit port of the beam facility. a technique based on dominant resonances in selected activation reactions was used to measure the epithermal neutron spectrum. the fast and intermediate-energy ranges of the neutron spectrum were measured by threshold reactions and 10b-shielded 235u fission reactions. ... | 1990 | 2268243 |
| the auditory periphery of the ferret. i: directional response properties and the pattern of interaural level differences. | the transformations of sound by the auditory periphery of the ferret have been investigated using an impulse response technique for a large number of sound locations surrounding the animal. individual frequencies were extracted from the detailed spectral transformation functions (stfs) obtained for each stimulus location and, using sophisticated spatial interpolation routines, were used to calculate the directional response of the periphery at that frequency. the strength of the directional resp ... | 1990 | 2269734 |
| the auditory periphery of the ferret. ii: the spectral transformations of the external ear and their implications for sound localization. | in the previous paper the directional response characteristics of the ferret auditory periphery were examined. in this study further measurements of the spectral transfer functions (stfs) of the auditory periphery were obtained at locations close to the tympanic membrane. there was considerable variation in the stfs recorded from different animals and between recordings made at each end of the auditory canal in the same animal. however, calculation of the so called "location dependency function" ... | 1990 | 2269735 |
| intracellular free magnesium and its regulation, studied in isolated ferret ventricular muscle with ion-selective microelectrodes. | intracellular free magnesium ([mg2+]i) was measured in isolated ferret papillary muscles using ion-selective microelectrodes filled with the new magnesium sensor eth 5214. this new sensor, unlike its predecessor eth 1117, does not react to marked changes in k+, na+ or ph. reducing ca2+ from 20 microm to around 10 nm also did not affect the response so these electrodes are ideally suited to study intracellular mg2+ and its regulation. the mean value for the [mg2+]i from thirty-two experiments (fo ... | 1990 | 2271154 |
| adaptation of the mechanisms controlling gastric motility following chronic vagotomy in the ferret. | changes in gastric motility were studied in the urethane-anaesthetized ferret following acute or chronic (3 weeks) vagotomy. the stomach was divided into the corpus and antrum and the effects of vagotomy on tone, frequency and contraction amplitude were investigated separately in the two gastric regions. in the corpus tone is kept at low levels by vagal activation of nonadrenergic, non-cholinergic (nanc) inhibitory neurones and also tonic sympathetic inhibition of intramural cholinergic activity ... | 1990 | 2271159 |
| flow-volume characteristics in the pulmonary circulation. | isolated ferret and canine lungs were used to validate a method for assessing determinants of vascular volume in the pulmonary circulation. with left atrial pressure (pla) constant at 5 mmhg, flow (q) was raised in steps over a physiological range. changes in vascular volume (delta v) with each increment in q were determined as the opposite of changes in perfusion system reservoir weight or from the increase in lung weight. at each level of q, the pulmonary arterial and left atrial cannulas were ... | 1990 | 2272968 |
| force production following transient potential changes in voltage-clamped myocardium. | inter-relationships between force, membrane voltage and currents were studied in ferret and guinea-pig papillary muscles using the single sucrose gap technique (37 degrees c). the preparations were held at -90 or -40 mv and depolarized (excited) to 0 mv for 180 ms at 1.0 hz. at regular intervals the shape of a single clamp pulse (called '1') was varied and its effects were investigated during the same test cycle and in two subsequent test cycles ('2' and '3'). peak force of contraction 1 (f1) in ... | 1990 | 2275406 |
| the visual pathways of eutherian mammals and marsupials develop according to a common timetable. | data from cats, ferrets, hamsters, macaques, mice, rabbits and rats concerning the time of occurrence of 26 developmental events involved in the establishment of the retinofugal, geniculocortical, corticogeniculate and corticocollicular pathways were analysed. for each species the timing of developmental events was expressed as a proportion of the period between conception and eye opening ('caecal period'). for 6 of these events, the values for all species fell within a range of 1-5% of the caec ... | 1990 | 2279233 |
| bile reflux and the gastric mucosa: an experimental ferret model. | to study the effects of chronic bile reflux on the mammalian gastric mucosa, the ferret model was chosen for its practical aptitude and for its similarity to human gastric anatomy and physiology. a technique was first perfected for endoscopically directed gastric mucosal biopsy in the ferret. subsequently, a surgical model of maximal enterogastric reflux (mr) and a control model of minimal reflux or "nonreflux" (nr) were developed. a stable population of 9 mr and 9 nr ferrets surviving 1-3 years ... | 1990 | 2285676 |
| ultrastructural study of tracer permeability through the cat and ferret enamel organ. | the access of exogenous materials to the developing enamel surface has been intensively studied in rodents, but not in other mammalian species. this ultrastructural study investigates the permeability of injected horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and lanthanum tracers in cat and ferret tooth buds. in cat enamel organs fixed by immersion, lanthanum did not escape the capillaries overlying secretory stage tooth buds, but it did permeate up to the distal junctions of ruffle-ended (ra) and the proximal j ... | 1990 | 2288004 |
| kinetics of deoxyglucose (dg) and fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg) metabolism in rat and ferret brain. | | 1990 | 2298832 |
| distemper vaccination in ferrets. | | 1990 | 2301133 |
| mechanism of ischemic contracture in ferret hearts: relative roles of [ca2+]i elevation and atp depletion. | when coronary perfusion is interrupted, the diastolic force generated by the myocardium first falls but eventually increases. the delayed rise in force, ischemic contracture, has been attributed either to atp depletion or to elevation of the intracellular free calcium concentration ([ca2+]i). to distinguish between these possibilities, we measured [ca2+]i and atp concentration [( atp]) in ferret hearts using nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. mean time-average [ca2+]i and [atp] equal ... | 1990 | 2301617 |
| the influence of ph on ca2+ exchange in ferret heart mitochondria. | the effect of ph changes on ca2+ transport by isolated heart mitochondria was measured. two components of ca2+ transport were identified, an accumulation dependent on mitochondrial respiration and a na+-dependent efflux. a decrease of ph over the range 7.7-6.7 reduced the initial rate and the total amount of respiration dependent ca2+ accumulation. at ph 7.2 the [na+] required to activate half-maximal efflux, k1/2, was 7.5 +/- 1.1 mm. decreasing the ph over the range 7.7 to 6.9 increased the k1/ ... | 1990 | 2306247 |
| changes in intracellular calcium during mechanical alternans in isolated ferret ventricular muscle. | alternans in heart is important as pulsus alternans in cardiac failure and electrophysiological alternans in myocardial ischemia. the explanation of this phenomenon is still unclear. we attempted to investigate the cellular mechanisms of alternans by measuring intracellular free calcium concentration [( ca2+]i) with the photoprotein aequorin in isolated ferret papillary muscles. tension and length were also recorded simultaneously. transient mechanical alternans lasting five to 20 contractions c ... | 1990 | 2306800 |
| measurement of dietary and dentifrice effects upon calculus accumulation rates in the domestic ferret. | most animal models for the study of calculus accumulation and control currently use rodents or dogs. in an effort to overcome limitations inherent in the use of these species, we investigated calculus formation in domestic ferrets, a species used by king et al. in the 1940's and 1950's. ferrets are much smaller than dogs, and, unlike rodents, can be scored while alive. in this study, we examined the kinetics of calculus formation in female ferrets fed with moist canned cat food--either plain or ... | 1990 | 2307747 |
| cocirculation of two distinct evolutionary lineages of influenza type b virus since 1983. | during 1988-1989 two highly distinct antigenic variants of influenza type b were recognized in hemagglutination-inhibition tests with postinfection ferret serum. these viruses were antigenically related to either b/victoria/2/87, the most recent reference strain, or b/yamagata/16/88, a variant that was isolated in japan in may 1988. all influenza b viruses isolated in the united states during an epidemic in the winter of 1988-1989 were antigenically related to b/victoria/2/87. however, in severa ... | 1990 | 2309452 |
| nerve stimulation releases mucosa-derived inhibitory factors, both prostanoids and nonprostanoids, in isolated ferret trachea. | the influence of an intact mucosa layer in isolated ferret trachea on the contractile responses to repeated, short-lasting (20 s, every 2 min) nerve stimulations was studied in a nerve-muscle preparation stimulated to cholinergic-evoked contractions by either direct vagal nerve stimulation (dns) or transmural electrical field stimulation (efs). the contractile responses were monitored by three strain gauges connected to the proximal, middle, and distal segments of the trachea. the mucosa was eit ... | 1990 | 2310103 |
| gastric nitrite processing in the surgically altered maximal and minimal bile reflux ferret model. | ingested nitrate and nitrite have been shown to contribute to endogenous, n-nitroso compound formation in man and experimental animals. n-nitroso compounds have long been suspected of contributing to higher levels of gastric cancer in various populations. reconstructive gastric surgery to treat ulcers is accompanied by a change in bile reflux, gastritis and an increased incidence of gastric cancer in humans. to evaluate possible connections between gastric nitrite processing, reconstructive surg ... | 1990 | 2311183 |
| does leukotriene c4 mediate hypoxic vasoconstriction in isolated ferret lungs? | to evaluate leukotriene (lt) c4 as a mediator of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, we examined the effects of fpl55712, a putative lt antagonist, and indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, on vasopressor responses to ltc4 and hypoxia (inspired o2 tension = 25 torr) in isolated ferret lungs perfused with a constant flow (50 ml.kg-1.min-1). pulmonary arterial injections of ltc4 caused dose-related increases in pulmonary arterial pressure during perfusion with physiological salt solution conta ... | 1990 | 2312466 |
| oestrus control in the ferret. | | 1990 | 2316138 |
| laboratory properties of cold-adapted influenza b live vaccine strains developed in the us and ussr, and their b/ann arbor/1/86 cold-adapted reassortant vaccine candidates. | the adaptation of two influenza b strains (b/leningrad/14/55 and b/ann arbor/1/66) to replication at 25 degrees c is described. comparison of the two viruses indicates that both also exhibit temperature sensitive phenotypes, although that of the virus b/leningrad/14/55 is less pronounced. when inoculated into ferrets both viruses replicate well in the trachea, but only the b/leningrad/14/55 cold-adapted virus replicates in the lungs. this virus exhibited a moderate level of attenuation in the an ... | 1990 | 2316285 |
| investigation of ecdysteroid excretion by adult dirofilaria immitis and brugia pahangi. | the excretion of ecdysteroids by the filarial nematode species, dirofilaria immitis and brugia pahangi, was examined both in vitro, by the analysis of culture medium, and in vivo, through analysis of serum samples from experimentally infected hosts. there was no evidence of ecdysteroid excretion by intact parasites of either species in vitro. free ecdysteroids were detected in the serum of ferrets and dogs infected with d. immitis, but concentrations would be at or below the limit of detection i ... | 1990 | 2320053 |
| injection of microfilariae induces resistance to brugia malayi infection in ferrets and accelerates development of lymphostatic disease. | ferrets injected intravenously with living microfilariae or cutaneously with microfilariae followed by intravenous injection developed partial resistance to a challenge infection as measured by recovery of adult filariae from lymphatics. following a challenge infection, the ferrets injected with microfilariae developed lymphatic pathology characteristic of a chronic infection or that observed following multiple infections. there was disruption of lymphatic drainage of the infected limb and lymph ... | 1990 | 2320382 |
| the nuclear-cytoplasmic [ca2+] gradient in single mammalian vascular smooth muscle cells. | we studied the nuclear-cytoplasmic [ca2+] gradient in single, freshly dispersed smooth muscle cells from the ferret portal vein, by means of fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy. cells were loaded with the cell-permeant calcium indicator fura-2 am. caffeine and platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf) were used in order to mobilize ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. basal levels of nuclear and cytoplasmic [ca2+] were 299 +/- 51 nm and 141 +/- 23 nm respectively (n = 10, p less than 0.001). at 3 ... | 1990 | 2320603 |
| vaccines authorized for use in ferrets. | | 1990 | 2321346 |
| use of the ferret for a myocardial ischemia/salvage model. | exploratory work was undertaken in the anesthetized ferret to determine if it is an applicable species for use as an in vivo ischemic model and suitable for recovery surgical procedures. experimental protocols utilizing varying combinations of left anterior descending (lad) coronary artery occlusion (30, 60, 90 min) and reperfusion (4, 6, 18-24 hr) were evaluated. the results indicated that a 90-min/6-hr combination led to the production of an infarct equivalent, or slightly greater, in size to ... | 1990 | 2329802 |
| auditory brainstem of the ferret: maturation of the brainstem auditory evoked response. | a longitudinal study of developmental changes in the brainstem auditory evoked response (baer) was made on 19 ferrets between postnatal days 25 (p25) and 50. responses to free-field click stimuli were recorded from anaesthetized animals, and compared with data obtained from 8 adult ferrets. a reproducible baer was first recordable on p27, although the response onset was generally later in smaller animals. baer onset preceded eye opening, which started on p32. adult-like thresholds were observed ... | 1990 | 2331796 |
| mechanism of myocardial contractile depression by clinical concentrations of ethanol. a study in ferret papillary muscles. | moderate alcohol intoxication in man, a ubiqitious social event, causes acute but reversible myocardial depression, the mechanism of which is unknown. we investigated whether this depression could be due to a direct effect of ethanol on the process of electromechanical coupling by simultaneously measuring the transmembrane action potential and contraction, or the cytosolic calcium transient (via aequorin photoluminescence) and contraction in isolated ferret right ventricular papillary muscle. et ... | 1990 | 2332501 |
| nitrate biosynthesis in rats, ferrets and humans. precursor studies with l-arginine. | l-arginine, the primary nitrogen source for nitric oxide synthesized by many cell types in culture and for biosynthesized nitrate in humans, is also a nitrogen source for biosynthesized nitrate in rats and ferrets. after administration of [15n2]l-arginine to rats and ferrets, [15n]no3- was detected in urine. escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide induced more than a 10-fold increase in urinary nitrate in rats and a parallel increase in incorporation of 15n from [15n2]l-arginine into no3-. bradykini ... | 1990 | 2335012 |
| excitation-contraction coupling in postischemic myocardium. does failure of activator ca2+ transients underlie stunning? | to elucidate the mechanism of contractile dysfunction in postischemic ("stunned") myocardium, time-resolved measurements of intracellular free ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i) were made using gated 19f nuclear magnetic resonance in seven perfused ferret hearts loaded with the fluorinated ca2+ indicator 5f-bapta. left ventricular developed pressure decreased to 65 +/- 3% (mean +/- sem) of control after 15 minutes of global ischemia at 37 degrees c. in stunned myocardium, diastolic [ca2+]i (0.24 +/- 0 ... | 1990 | 2335025 |
| clinical interpretation: the hermeneutics of medicine. | i argue that clinical medicine can best be understood not as a purified science but as a hermeneutical enterprise: that is, as involved with the interpretation of texts. the literary critic reading a novel, the judge asked to apply a law, must arrive at a coherent reading of their respective texts. similarly, the physician interprets the 'text' of the ill person: clinical signs and symptoms are read to ferret out their meaning, the underlying disease. however, i suggest that the hermeneutics of ... | 1990 | 2339336 |
| optokinetic nystagmus in the ferret: including selected comparisons with the cat. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the functional significance of similarities observed in the anatomy and the physiology of cat and ferret visual systems. optokinetic nystagmus (okn) in response to movement of the entire visual field, and optokinetic after nystagmus (okan) were measured in 8 ferrets with binocular stimulation. a shift of the beating field in the same direction as the fast phase of eye movements was observed both in ferret and cat. the absence of a fast rise in slow phase vel ... | 1990 | 2340879 |
| a domestic ferret model of immunity to campylobacter jejuni-induced enteric disease. | oral or intravenous inoculation of previously unexposed juvenile and adult ferrets with campylobacter jejuni uniformly resulted in intestinal colonization lasting 2 to 12 days. disease varied from mild to moderate diarrhea, which resolved in 2 to 3 days. orally infected animals developed agglutinin titers of 8 to 256 within 3 weeks, while those infected intravenously developed titers of 256 to 2,048. ferrets which had recovered from campylobacteriosis all developed high titers of agglutinating a ... | 1990 | 2341180 |
| dendritic morphology and development in the ferret medial superior olivary nucleus. | dendritic morphology and development in the medial superior olivary nucleus of the ferret were studied using the golgi method. in the adult ferret most medial superior olivary neurons had disk-shaped dendritic fields. these dendritic fields were oriented such that cells in a coronal plane of section appeared bipolar with major lateral and medial dendritic axes. in the horizontal plane the dendrites radiated about the soma. dendrites of principal cells branched distally into tufts of numerous, te ... | 1990 | 2341617 |
| synaptic organization in the adult ferret medial superior olive. | the ultrastructure of the medial superior olive (mso) was studied in the adult ferret. the synaptic terminals were categorized on the basis of morphology and their distribution determined. there are three types of synaptic terminals: r terminals, containing round vesicles; ov terminals, containing ovoid vesicles; and p terminals, containing vesicles of varying morphologies. r terminals are the dominant terminal type on both the somata and dendrites. ov and p terminals are equally prevalent on th ... | 1990 | 2341618 |
| cardiotonic agents. 6. histamine analogues as potential cardiovascular selective h2 agonists. | twenty-six alkyl and aralkyl histamine analogues were prepared as potential cardiotonic agents. compounds were designed to allow interaction with a putative secondary aryl binding site at the h2 receptor, the presence of which was inferred from the structure of cyprohepatadine, which is known to have h2-antagonist properties. the compounds were examined for inotropic activity in ferret papillary muscle. potent inotropic activity was generally found in n-alkyl- and n,n-dialkylimidazole-4-ethanami ... | 1990 | 2342063 |
| evaluation of an inactivated rabies virus vaccine in domestic ferrets. | efficacy of an sc-administered commercial inactivated vaccine for prevention of rabies was evaluated in domestic ferrets. ferret immunity was challenged by the im inoculation of street rabies virus. all ferrets developed titers of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies within 30 days of vaccination (geometric mean titer [gmt] = 154, n = 41) that were maintained for at least one year (gmt = 106, n = 36), compared with no seroconversion in controls (gmt less than 5, n = 39). following rabies virus c ... | 1990 | 2347753 |
| the effects of 2,3-butanedione monoxime on initial heat, tension, and aequorin light output of ferret papillary muscles. | at low concentrations (up to 5 mm) the compound 2,3-butanedione monoxime (bdm) was found to reduce twitch tension and initial heat production in isolated papillary muscles without significantly affecting the size of the intracellular ca2+ transient measured with aequorin luminescence. higher concentrations of bdm caused further inhibition of twitch tension and heat production with a fall in the size of the ca2+ transient. the size of the aequorin transient was 50% of the control value at 15 mm b ... | 1990 | 2352836 |
| effects of zacopride and bmy25801 (batanopride) on radiation-induced emesis and locomotor behavior in the ferret. | the antiemetic and locomotor effects of two substituted benzamides, zacopride and batanopride (bmy25801), were compared in ferrets after bilateral 60co irradiation at 2, 4 or 6 gy. both zacopride and bmy25801 were effective against emesis and related signs. zacopride, tested at several doses (0.003, 0.03 and 0.3 mg/kg), appeared to be more potent because it abolished emesis at 100-fold lower doses than did bmy25801 (3 mg/kg). the ed50 value for the antiemetic effect of zacopride was 0.026 mg/kg ... | 1990 | 2359014 |
| effects of corticosteroids on postnatal lung and airway growth in the ferret. | to investigate the influence of corticosteroids on postnatal lung and airway growth, young male ferrets were given cortisone acetate (20 mg/kg im daily) beginning at 8 wk of age. at 19 wk of age pulmonary function was measured. the lungs were excised for measurements of recoil pressures and wet and dry weights. the dimensions of central and peripheral airways were estimated from analysis of bronchial casts. corticosteroid-treated animals were shorter and tended to be lighter than control animals ... | 1990 | 2361904 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht3) receptor antagonists. 1. indazole and indolizine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives. | metoclopramide (1) is a gastric motility stimulant and a weak dopamine and 5-ht3 receptor antagonist. conformational restriction of the (diethylamino)ethyl side chain of 1 in the form of the azabicyclic tropane gave 3, a very potent gastric motility stimulant and 5-ht3 receptor antagonist but devoid of significant dopamine receptor antagonist properties. subsequent alteration of the aromatic nucleus led to the identification of indazoles 6a-h, and 1- and 3-indolizines 7b-d and 8, and imidazo[1,5 ... | 1990 | 2362270 |
| helicobacter mustelae-associated gastritis in ferrets. an animal model of helicobacter pylori gastritis in humans. | gastric helicobacter mustelae was present in 100% of 11 adult female ferrets (mustela putorius furo). the high immunoglobulin g antibody levels to h. mustelae in all ferrets showed a significant immune response to the organism. urease mapping of the ferret stomach indicated that the bacteria heavily colonized the proximal duodenum and antrum and, to a lesser extent, the corpus. the histological gastritis observed coincided with presence of h. mustelae. superficial gastritis was noted in the oxyn ... | 1990 | 2365188 |
| endocrine correlates of mating-induced reductions in estrous behaviour in an induced ovulator, the ferret. | experiments were conducted to assess the time course of behavioral and endocrine changes which occur in female ferrets as they switch from estrus to the pseudopregnant state. significant reductions in females' acceptance of neck gripping by a stimulus male (receptivity) and in their latency to approach a stimulus male in an l-maze (proceptivity) were first observed 3 days after receipt of an intromission; no such changes occurred in other females which were only neck gripped by stimulus males du ... | 1990 | 2365301 |
| aleutian disease in the ferret. | | 1990 | 2368310 |
| kinins are generated in nasal secretions during influenza a infections in ferrets. | infection of ferrets with influenza a virus results in a disease syndrome that is similar to that observed in humans. to examine the pathophysiology of this disease, ferrets were challenged with either h1n1 influenza virus or placebo. sign scores and rectal temperatures were recorded periodically during the 9 days after infection. nasal lavages were also collected during this time period and the content of kinins, histamine, cells, and total protein in these lavages was assessed. in infected ani ... | 1990 | 2368965 |
| lack of detectable blood groups in domestic ferrets: implications for transfusion. | evidence of blood groups in domestic ferrets was sought by testing serum samples for naturally acquired or experimentally induced erythrocyte antibodies. all sera were tested for ability to cause direct agglutination, antiglobulin-enhanced (coombs test) agglutination, or lysis. examination of 212 randomly paired combinations of ferret serum and erythrocytes produced no evidence of naturally acquired blood group antibodies. six pairs of ferrets were reciprocally transfused twice, 34 days apart, w ... | 1990 | 2370225 |