| the phylogenetic relationships of known mosquito (diptera: culicidae) mitogenomes. | the known mosquito mitogenomes, containing a total of 34 species, which belong to five genera, were collected from genbank, and the practicality and effectiveness of the variation in the complete mitochondrial dna genome and portions of mitochondrial coi gene were assessed to reconstruct the phylogeny of mosquitoes. phylogenetic trees were reconstructed on the basis of parsimony, maximum likelihood, and bayesian (bi) methods. it is concluded that: (1) both mitogenomes and coi gene support the mo ... | 2016 | 27731651 |
| scanning electron microscopic study of pupal seta 9-111-v of anopheles balabacensis (perlis form) and anopheles dirus (bangkok strain). | | 1987 | 3448784 |
| esterase patterns of anopheles dirus (bangkok strain) and anopheles balabacensis (perlis form) in the laboratory. | esterase isoenzyme were performed in anopheles balabacensis (perlis form) and anopheles dirus (bangkok strain and kanchanaburi strain). the zymogram showed four positions, e1, e2, e3 and e4. seventy-five percent of an. balabacensis (perlis form) or an. dirus (bangkok strain) can be correctly diagnosed by the presence of fast band in e3 or super slow band in e3 respectively. homozygous slow band of e3 cannot be fully distinguished in both species, but by the combination of e2 and e3, 99.42% can b ... | 1983 | 6612417 |
| the relationship between wing length, blood meal volume, and fecundity for seven colonies of anopheles species housed at the armed forces research institute of medical sciences, bangkok, thailand. | established colonies of anopheles campestris, anopheles cracens, anopheles dirus, anopheles kleini, anopheles minimus, anopheles sawadwongporni, and anopheles sinensis are maintained at the armed forces research institute of medical sciences (afrims). females were provided blood meals on human blood containing citrate as an anticoagulant using an artificial membrane feeder. the mean wing length, used as an estimate of body size, for each species was compared to blood-feeding duration (time), blo ... | 2015 | 26433074 |
| isoenzymes of glutathione s-transferase from the mosquito anopheles dirus species b: the purification, partial characterization and interaction with various insecticides. | previously we have purified and characterized a major glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity, gst-4a, from the thai mosquito anopheles dirus b, a model mosquito for study of anopheline malaria vectors [prapanthadara, l. koottathep, s., promtet, n., hemingway, j. and ketterman, a.j. (1996) insect biochem. mol. biol. 26:3, 277-285]. in this report we have purified an isoenzyme, gst-4c, which has the greatest ddt-dehydrochlorinase activity. three additional isoenzymes, gst-4b, gst-5 and gst-6, we ... | 2000 | 10745163 |
| taxonomic assessment of anopheles crawfordi and an. dangi of the hyrcanus group of subgenus anopheles in vietnam. | anopheles dangi, introduced as a new species of the hyrcanus group of subgenus anopheles in an illustrated dichotomous key for the identification of the anopheles mosquitoes of vietnam published in 1987, was distinguished from anopheles crawfordi based on the presence of a humeral pale spot on the base of the costal vein of the wing. however, this character has been known to occur occasionally in an. crawfordi. to determine whether an. dangi is distinct from an. crawfordi, we analyzed nucleotide ... | 2013 | 24055545 |
| mapping of malaria vectors at district level in india: changing scenario and identified gaps. | malaria is one of the six major vector-borne diseases in india, the endemicity of which changes with changes in ecological, climatic, and sociodevelopmental conditions. the anopheline vectors are greatly affected by ecological conditions such as deforestation, urbanization, climate and lifestyle. despite the advent of tools such as geographic information system (gis), the updated information on the distribution of anopheline vectors of malaria is not available. in india, the plan for vector cont ... | 2017 | 28051366 |
| behavioral responses of anopheles species (culicidae: diptera) with varying surface exposure to pyrethroid-treated netting in an excito-repellency test system. | indoor residual spray (irs) with insecticides has been a procedure used for decades to protect humans from biting mosquitoes and potential vectors of pathogens. the objective of this study was to determine the responses of three wild-caught species of malaria vectors exposed to pyrethroids of three different surface coverage percents using an excito-repellency test box. each species was exposed to three insecticide-treated surfaces at varying exposure levels (full coverage, 50%, and 25% of the m ... | 2016 | 27860013 |
| biting patterns and host preference of anopheles epiroticus in chang island, trat province, eastern thailand. | a study of species diversity of anopheles mosquitoes, biting patterns, and seasonal abundance of important mosquito vectors was conducted in two villages of chang island, trat province, in eastern thailand, one located along the coast and the other in the low hills of the central interior of the island. of 5,399 captured female anophelines, 70.25% belong to the subgenus cellia and remaining specimens to the subgenus anopheles. five important putative malaria vectors were molecularly identified, ... | 2014 | 25424266 |
| maintenance of mosquito vectors: effects of blood source on feeding, survival, fecundity, and egg hatching rates. | artificial membrane-feeding techniques have replaced direct feeding on animals for the maintenance of malaria and arbovirus vectors in many laboratories. membrane feeding facilitates controlled experimentation of pathogen transmission during mosquito feeding. sheep blood is commonly used due to its availability and low cost. we evaluated the impact of blood source (human, guinea pig, sheep, and hamster via direct feeding) on feeding rates, adult survival, fecundity, hatching rates, and developme ... | 2013 | 23701605 |
| effect of peritrophic matrix c-type lectin (adpmctl) on blood-meal size in anopheles dirus. | the peritrophic matrix (pm) is penetrated by plasmodium ookinete to permit transition to oocyst in the mosquito midgut, the manner by which the ookinete interacts with glycoproteins on the pm remains poorly understood. we partially characterized peritrophic matrix c-type lectin (pmctl) from an. gambiae (ctl10) and an. dirus (adpmctl). adpmctl protein was produced specifically in blood-fed mosquitoes. the 320 amino acid adpmctl exhibits 72% identity with a putative secreted an. gambiae ortholog ( ... | 2012 | 23431819 |
| efficacy of three insecticides against anopheles dirus and anopheles minimus, the major malaria vectors, in kanchanaburi province, thailand. | we conducted this study to determine the insecticide susceptibility of two malaria vectors, anopheles dirus and anopheles minimus from kanchanaburi province, thailand. the mosquitoes were collected and reared under laboratory conditions. the test was carried out on unfed f-1 female mosquitoes using a standard who testing protocol. the ld50 and ld90 of deltamethrin in both species were tested for by exposing the mosquitoes to various doses of deltamethrin for 1 hour. the lethal time was also test ... | 2012 | 23413696 |
| pyrethroid induced behavioral responses of anopheles dirus, a vector of malaria in thailand. | contact and noncontact behavioral actions of wild-caught anopheles dirus in response to the operational field dose of three synthetic pyrethroids (bifenthrin, α-cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin) were evaluated using an exito-repellency test chamber. deet was used as the repellency standard for comparison with the other three synthetic pyrethroids. results showed that test specimens rapidly escaped from the test chamber when exposed to direct contact with a surface treated with each of the three sy ... | 2012 | 22548553 |
| [relationship between falciparum malaria incidence and the number of anopheles dirus in hainan from 2001 to 2008]. | to analyze the relationship between falciparum malaria incidence and the number of anopheles dirus in hainan province from 2001 to 2008, so as to provide the evidence for malaria control and prevention in hainan province. | 2011 | 22164381 |
| malaria control in a forest fringe area of assam, india: a pilot study. | a study was conducted to evaluate the preventive efficacy of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (itmns) and mosquito repellent (mr) in a malaria-endemic foothill area of assam, india, with forest ecosystem. during the first year, a survey was conducted in four demarcated sectors (a-d) to observe the malaria endemicity and vector prevalence patterns before implementing intervention measures. all four sectors were endemic for malaria. the prevalence of established malaria vectors such as anopheles ... | 2011 | 21549402 |
| effect of temperature on laboratory reared anopheles dirus peyton and harrison and anopheles sawadwongporni rattanarithikul and green. | investigations have shown that female mosquitoes with a larger body size (determined by wing length) exhibit higher feeding rates and greater fecundity relative to smaller mosquitoes. in this study, anopheles dirus and an. sawadwongporni were reared in the laboratory at two different temperatures (23 degrees c and 30 degrees c). effects of the rearing temperature on body size, fecundity, and larval development period were examined by measuring wing length, adult body weight at emergence, the num ... | 2011 | 21323167 |
| inter-specific gene flow dynamics during the pleistocene-dated speciation of forest-dependent mosquitoes in southeast asia. | tropical forests have undergone repeated fragmentation and expansion during pleistocene glacial and interglacial periods, respectively. the effects of this repeated forest fragmentation in driving vicariance in tropical taxa have been well studied. however, relatively little is known about how often this process results in allopatric speciation, since it may be inhibited by recurrent gene flow during repeated secondary contact, or to what extent pleistocene-dated speciation results from ecologic ... | 2010 | 20444081 |
| scanning electron microscopy of the cibarial armature of species in the anopheles dirus complex (diptera: culicidae). | the structure of the cibarial armature of mosquitoes has been found to be useful for taxonomic identification. we used a scanning electron micrograph to examine the cibarial armature of 4 of 5 species in the anopheles dirus complex existing in thailand: anopheles dirus peyton & harrison, and an. cracens sallum & peyton, an. scanloni sallum & peyton, and an. baimaii sallum & peyton. in all species examined, there was only 1 row of large teeth or cones (modes = 12) characteristic of the neomyzomyi ... | 2009 | 19842377 |
| an electron-sharing network involved in the catalytic mechanism is functionally conserved in different glutathione transferase classes. | in anopheles dirus glutathione transferase d3-3, there are electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged glutamyl alpha-carboxylate group of glutathione, the positively charged arg-66, and the negatively charged asp-100. this ionic interaction is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds from ser-65, thr-158, thr-162, and a conserved water-mediated contact. this alternating ionic bridge interaction between negatively and positively charged residues stabilized by a network of hydrogen ... | 2005 | 16012173 |
| [a method for prolonging the preservation of the eggs of anopheles dirus]. | | 2003 | 15108516 |
| multiple roles of glutathione binding-site residues of glutathione s-transferase. | this study was designed to characterize residues in the glutathione binding site of adgstd4-4 from the mosquito malaria vector anopheles dirus. the data revealed that leu33, his38 and his50 each play a role in enzyme catalysis and glutathione binding. the mutants of these three residues also displayed differences in hydrophobic substrate specificity, suggesting that changes in the active site conformation occurred. differences in conformations was also suggested by protein stability changes. the ... | 2003 | 14561132 |
| a non-active site residue, cysteine 69, of glutathione s-transferase adgstd3-3 has a role in stability and catalytic function. | the cys69 residue of an anopheles dirus glutathione s-transferase isoform (adgstd3-3), was characterized to elucidate its contribution in both catalysis and structural support. nine mutants were generated at this position by replacing the residue with polar, non-polar and charged residues. the polar residues changed the vm of the enzymes. with non-polar residues, the enzymes were unable to fold and were expressed in the insoluble inclusion form. with charged residues, the soluble enzyme yields w ... | 2003 | 14529491 |
| [observation on efficacy of artemether compound against vivax malaria]. | to observe the efficacy of artemether compound against vivax malaria. | 1999 | 12563840 |
| [current status of studies on biosystematic and malaria transmission of anopheles dirus in china]. | | 1998 | 12078249 |
| [differentiation of cryptic species a and d of anopheles dirus complex by polymerase chain reaction]. | to distinguish cryptic species a and d of anopheles dirus complex using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 1998 | 12078235 |
| [molecular identification of sibling anopheles species: example of the anopheles minimus and anopheles dirus complexes, major malarial vectors in southeast asia]. | effective control of malaria vectors requires precise identification of species. this is especially important within complexes of species that cannot be distinguished based on morphological features. two methods based on polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis have been developed to identify 2 species in the anopheles minimus complex and 5 species of the minimums group as well as 4 species of the anopheles dirus complex. association of oligonucleotide couples in the form of multiplex pcr has al ... | 2001 | 11980390 |
| scar markers and multiplex pcr-based identification of isomorphic species in the anopheles dirus complex in southeast asia. | the anopheles dirus peyton & harrison complex of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) comprises seven known species, including important malaria vectors in southeast asia. specific identification of each species of the complex, which cannot be distinguished using morphological characters, is crucial for understanding vector ecology and implementing effective control measures. derived from individual random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers, sequence characterized amplified regions (scar) were ... | 2002 | 11963981 |
| expression and characterization of a novel class of glutathione s-transferase from anopheles dirus. | a new anopheles dirus glutathione s-transferase (gst) has been obtained and named adgst4-1. both genomic dna and cdna for heterologous expression were acquired. the genomic sequence was 3188bp and consisted of the gst gene as well as flanking sequence. the flanking sequence was analyzed for possible regulatory elements that would control gene expression. in drosophila several of these elements have been shown to be involved in development and cell differentiation. the deduced amino acid sequence ... | 2002 | 11886777 |
| structural biology and its applications to the health sciences. | part of the decipherment of genomic information lies in understanding the structure and function of the protein products of these genes. protein structure is of further importance because of the molecular basis of many diseases. structural biology is the field of research focusing on the experimental determination of the structure of biological molecules. we review the field of structural biology and its application to medical research and drug discovery, and describe the structural results rece ... | 2001 | 11471188 |
| crystallization of two glutathione s-transferases from an unusual gene family. | two glutathione s-transferase isozymes from the mosquito anopheles dirus (adgst1-3 and adgst1-4) from an alternately spliced gene family have been expressed, purified and crystallized. the isozymes share an n-terminal domain derived from a single exon and c-terminal domains from unique exons. despite the high level of sequence identity (64% overall), the two isozymes crystallize in different space groups, the 1-3 isozyme in p3(1)21 or p3(2)21 (unit-cell parameters a = 49.9, c = 271.8 a at 100 k) ... | 2001 | 11375512 |
| genetic population structure and introgression in anopheles dirus mosquitoes in south-east asia. | genetic structure and species relationships were studied in three closely related mosquito species, anopheles dirus a, c and d in thailand using 11 microsatellite loci and compared with previous mitochondrial dna (mtdna) data on the same populations. all three species were well differentiated from each other at the microsatellite loci. given the almost complete absence of mtdna differentiation between an. dirus a and d, this endorses the previous suggestion of mtdna introgression between these s ... | 2001 | 11298969 |
| single amino acid changes outside the active site significantly affect activity of glutathione s-transferases. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts: e.c. 2.5.1.18) are a multigene family of multifunctional dimeric proteins that play a central role in detoxication. four allelic forms of the mosquito anopheles dirus gst, adgst1-1, were cloned, expressed and characterized. the one or two amino acid changes in each allelic form was shown to confer different kinetic properties. based on an available crystal structure, several of the residue changes were not in the putative substrate-binding pocket. modeling showe ... | 2001 | 11102836 |
| a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assay for species a and d of the anopheles dirus (diptera: culicidae) species complex based on ribosomal dna second internal transcribed spacer sequence. | a polymerase chain reaction assay based on differences in the internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal dna was developed for distinguishing 2 members of the anopheles dirus sibling species complex. this assay distinguished an. dirus species a from species d by producing diagnostic bands, 374 base pairs (bp) in length for species a and 663 bp in length for species d. both laboratory colonies and field collections from hainan and yunnan provinces of china were identified with 100% accuracy ... | 1998 | 10084131 |
| effects of sublethal dosages of methoprene on anopheles dirus species a and b. | anopheles dirus species a and b individuals were exposed as 4th-stage larvae to sublethal concentrations of methoprene. median lethal concentrations were 0.21 ppb for species a and 0.17 ppb for species b. when exposed to 0.10 ppb methoprene the sex ratio of species. a changed from fewer males to more males; no effect was observed in the sex ratio of species b. exposure to methoprene had no effect on wing length and survival of either species. results indicate that exposure to methoprene signific ... | 1996 | 8887229 |
| polytene chromosome relationships of five species of the anopheles dirus complex in thailand. | photographic maps and rearrangements of each salivary gland polytene chromosome arm of anopheles nemophilous (species f) and of an. dirus species a, b, c, and d of the dirus group from natural populations in thailand are presented. structural conformation of heterokaryotypes and comparison of chromosome banding sequences reveal 10 paracentric inversions. the data on fixed inversion of 3rb and inversion polymorphism of the x chromosome shared by these species were used to construct a phylogeny of ... | 1995 | 18470180 |
| vector control in some countries of southeast asia: comparing the vectors and the strategies. | the use of information on malaria vector behaviour in vector control is discussed in relation to the area of southeast asia comprising cambodia, laos, myanmar, thailand and vietnam. the major vectors in the region are anopheles dirus, an. minimus, an. maculatus and an. sundaicus, of which an. dirus is the most important. options for vector control and the biological features of mosquitoes, which would make them amenable to control by these measures, are listed. the methods with the greatest pote ... | 1995 | 7605123 |
| simple nonradioactive dna hybridization method for identification of sibling species of anopheles dirus (diptera: culicidae) complex. | a simple method was developed for species identification of mosquitoes in the anopheles dirus complex found in thailand using horseradish peroxidase-labeled dna probes and a chemiluminescent detection system. species-specific dna probes for anopheles dirus, species b, c, and d detected 1-5 ng of target dna, a sensitivity that was comparable with the radioisotopic detection system. identification of individual mosquitoes was performed by dot-blot analysis of crude mosquito dna. the method allowed ... | 1995 | 7608914 |
| characterization of the major form of glutathione transferase in the mosquito anopheles dirus a. | | 1995 | 7758801 |
| anopheles dirus size and fecundity: relationship to larval density and protein accumulation. | anopheles dirus were reared at two different larval densities (100/pan and 400/pan) to produce two different size classes of adults. both the wing length and fecundity of females from the two densities were significantly different (p less than 0.001). adult size was related to larval density and protein accumulation during immature life. egg production was also related to adult size. consequently, larger field adults have the potential to live longer and produce more eggs. the smaller adult size ... | 1992 | 1523465 |
| anopheles dirus species e: chromosomal and crossing evidence for another member of the dirus complex. | cytogenetic and crossing data provide strong evidence for the existence of another species, dirus e in southwestern india, within the dirus complex of anopheles. these findings are in accord with unpublished morphological observations. our data suggest a significant genetic divergence between species e and its close relatives, an. dirus a, b and c in thailand. these data also suggest that dirus e is an incipient sibling species of its geographically nearest relative, dirus d, and that it seeming ... | 1990 | 2230776 |
| scanning electron microscopic observations and differentiation of eggs of the anopheles dirus complex. | microscopic observations have revealed differences among the eggs of species a, b, c and d of the anopheles dirus complex. the eggs of species a and c are similar in size and shape. they are intermediate in size between the eggs of species b, which is the largest, and that of species d, which is the smallest. the pattern of outer chorionic cells between the frill and the float is species specific. the pattern consists of rows of irregularly shaped cells in species d and different numbers of rows ... | 1989 | 2614407 |
| diagnostic restriction fragment patterns of dna from the four isomorphic species of anopheles dirus. | total dna from isofemale lines of the four isomorphic species of the anopheles dirus were screened against twenty restriction endonucleases. seven enzymes (ava ii, alu i, bgl ii, hae iii, hinf i, mbo i and sau3a i) produced some unique dna fragments for each of the lines. seven other enzymes (bamh i, bstn i, cfo i, ecor i, kpn i, nru i and pst i) produced unique fragments in two of the lines. the remaining six enzymes (hha i, mnl i, msp i, nae i, rsa i and taq i) gave vague patterns which might ... | 1988 | 3238483 |
| cytological differences and chromosomal rearrangements in four members of the anopheles dirus complex (diptera: culicidae). | a reference photomap of the larval salivary gland, polytene chromosomes of the anopheles dirus complex (species a) is presented. samples of species a, b, c, and d from natural populations in thailand were compared to this standard map using the larval progeny of wild-caught females. all species show differences in their chromosome banding patterns involving band size, number, and shape, particularly at the free ends of the x, 2r, and 2l. these differences provide useful diagnostic characters for ... | 1988 | 3169545 |
| identification of isomorphic malaria vectors using a dna probe. | about 7,000 recombinant clones, derived from chromosomally-identified families of wild-caught females of anopheles dirus species d, were screened. the most promising clone was totally specific to species d when tested against single f1 females of all four species of the complex. in fresh specimens the clone was positive for dna levels 150 times less than the normal dna content of single individuals. fresh adult males and females, larvae, and dried specimens have been successfully identified. the ... | 1988 | 3341521 |
| monandry (monogamy) in natural populations of anopheline mosquitoes. | polymorphic y chromosomes within two species of anopheline mosquitoes provide markers for testing if females are inseminated by one or more males in nature. wild-caught females of anopheles dirus (sp. a) and an. maculatus s.s. produced 291 and 55 families, respectively, which showed a single type of y chromosome. one family of the former species showed two types of y chromosomes. these field data support the idea, established from laboratory studies, that female mosquitoes are largely monandrous ... | 1987 | 3504933 |
| establishment of a natural mating colony of anopheles dirus peyton et harrison and their biological characteristics. | | 1987 | 3113847 |
| blood volume ingested by anopheles dirus using membrane feeding. | | 1981 | 7256350 |
| quantitative real-time pcr analysis of anopheles dirus tep1 and nos during plasmodium berghei infection, using three reference genes. | quantitative reverse transcription pcr (qrt-pcr) has been an integral part of characterizing the immunity of anopheles mosquitoes towards plasmodium invasion. two anti-plasmodium factors of anopheles, thioester-containing protein 1 (tep1) and nitric oxide synthase (nos), play a role in the refractoriness of anopheles towards plasmodium infection and are generally expressed during infection. however, these are less studied in anopheles dirus, a dominant malaria vector in southeast asia. furthermo ... | 2017 | 28761783 |
| the fibrinogen-like domain of frep1 protein is a broad-spectrum malaria transmission-blocking vaccine antigen. | frep1 in mosquito midguts facilitates plasmodium falciparum parasite transmission. the fibrinogen-like (fbg) domain of frep1 is highly conserved (>90% identical) among anopheles species from different continents, suggesting that anti-fbg antibodies may block malaria transmission to all anopheline mosquitoes. using standard membrane-feeding assays, anti-frep1 polyclonal antibodies significantly blocked transmission of plasmodium berghei and plasmodium vivax to anopheles gambiae and anopheles diru ... | 2017 | 28533429 |
| detection of the plasmodium falciparum kelch-13 gene p553l mutation in sporozoites isolated from mosquito salivary glands in south-central vietnam. | plasmodium falciparum has developed resistance against artemisinin in southeast asia. mutations in the p. falciparum kelch-13 (pfk13) gene are associated with artemisinin resistance in vitro and in vivo. we investigated the prevalence of mutations in pfk13 from sporozoite-stage parasites isolated from the salivary glands of anopheles dirus mosquitoes. | 2017 | 28646896 |
| single dose primaquine to reduce gametocyte carriage and plasmodium falciparum transmission in cambodia: an open-label randomized trial. | single low dose primaquine (sld pq, 0.25mg/kg) is recommended in combination with artemisinin-based combination therapy (act) as a gametocytocide to prevent plasmodium falciparum transmission in areas threatened by artemisinin resistance. to date, no randomized controlled trials have measured primaquine's effect on infectiousness to anopheline mosquitoes in southeast asia. | 2017 | 28591198 |
| ivermectin susceptibility and sporontocidal effect in greater mekong subregion anopheles. | novel vector control methods that can directly target outdoor malaria transmission are urgently needed in the greater mekong subregion (gms) to accelerate malaria elimination and artemisinin resistance containment efforts. ivermectin mass drug administration (mda) to humans has been shown to effectively kill wild anopheles and suppress malaria transmission in west africa. preliminary laboratory investigations were performed to determine ivermectin susceptibility and sporontocidal effect in gms a ... | 2017 | 28687086 |
| disappearance of anopheles minimus and anopheles dirus from certain malaria endemic areas of assam, india. | orang primary health centre (ophc) and balipara primary health centre (bphc) of assam (india) report mosquito borne diseases annually. current study was performed to ascertain the prevalence of known malaria and japanese encephalitis (je) vectors and their possible role in disease transmission. | 2017 | 29026850 |
| molecular identification of four members of the anopheles dirus complex using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene. | precise mosquito species identification is an essential step for proper management and control of malaria vectors. misidentification of members in the anopheles dirus complex, some which are primary malaria vectors in thailand and mainland southeast asia, remains problematic because of indistinguishable or overlapping morphological characters between sibling species. moreover, there is a need for alternative methods, since the existing molecular techniques in the literature are not entirely sati ... | 2017 | 29369036 |
| natural plasmodium vivax infections in anopheles mosquitoes in a malaria endemic area of northeastern thailand. | there was recently an outbreak of malaria in ubon ratchathani province, northeastern thailand. in the absence of information on malaria vector transmission dynamics, this study aimed to identify the anopheline vectors and their role in malaria transmission. adult female anopheles mosquitoes were collected monthly by human-landing catch in na chaluai district of ubon ratchathani province during january 2014-december 2015. field-captured mosquitoes were identified to species using morphology-based ... | 2017 | 29082435 |
| status of insecticide resistance in anopheles mosquitoes in ubon ratchathani province, northeastern thailand. | malaria is common in hilly, forested areas along national borders in southeast asia. insecticide resistance in malaria vectors has been detected in a few countries in the greater mekong sub-region (gms), representing a threat to malaria control and prevention. this study aims to determine the insecticide resistance status of anopheles mosquitoes in ubon ratchathani province, northeastern thailand, where increasing number of malaria cases were reported recently. | 2017 | 28743278 |
| molecular epidemiology of mosquitoes for the transmission of forest malaria in south-central vietnam. | human infection caused by non-human primate malarial parasites, such as plasmodium knowlesi and plasmodium cynomolgi, occurs naturally in southeast asian countries, including vietnam. members of the anopheles dirus species complex are known to be important vectors of human malarial parasites in the forested areas of southern and central vietnam, including those in khanh phu commune and khanh hoa province. recent molecular epidemiological studies in vietnam have reported cases of co-infection wit ... | 2017 | 29046610 |
| anopheles vectors in mainland china while approaching malaria elimination. | china is approaching malaria elimination; however, well-documented information on malaria vectors is still missing, which could hinder the development of appropriate surveillance strategies and who certification. this review summarizes the nationwide distribution of malaria vectors, their bionomic characteristics, control measures, and related studies. after several years of effort, the area of distribution of the principal malaria vectors was reduced, in particular for anopheles lesteri (synony ... | 2017 | 28734898 |