| antifungal, phytotoxic, and cytotoxic activities of metabolites from epichloë bromicola, a fungus obtained from elymus tangutorum grass. | the development of high-quality herbage is an important aspect of animal husbandry. inoculating beneficial fungi onto inferior grass is a feasible strategy for producing new varieties of high-quality herbage. epichloë bromicola is a candidate fungus that is isolated from elymus tangutorum. a total of 17 metabolites, 1-17, were obtained from e. bromicola, and their biological activities were assayed. metabolite 1 exhibited antifungal activities against alternaria alternata, fusarium avenaceum, bi ... | 2015 | 26395226 |
| the skin prick test - european standards. | skin prick testing is an essential test procedure to confirm sensitization in ige-mediated allergic disease in subjects with rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, anapylaxis, atopic eczema and food and drug allergy. this manuscript reviews the available evidence including medline and embase searches, abstracts of international allergy meetings and position papers from the world allergy literature. the recommended method of prick testing includes the appropriate use of specific allergen extract ... | 2013 | 23369181 |
| mycotoxicoses of ruminants and horses. | in the current study, mycotoxicoses of ruminants and horses are reviewed, with an emphasis on the occurrence of these diseases in south america. the main mycotoxicoses observed in grazing cattle include intoxications by indole-diterpenoid mycotoxins (paspalum spp. contaminated by claviceps paspali, lolium perenne infected by neotyphodium lolii, cynodon dactylon infected by claviceps cynodontis, and poa huecu), gangrenous ergotism and dysthermic syndrome (hyperthermia) caused by festuca arundinac ... | 2013 | 24091682 |
| bioactivities and compositional analyses of cinnamomum essential oils from nepal: c. camphora, c. tamala, and c. glaucescens. | this work examines the biological activity of essential oils of cinnamomum camphora leaves, c. glaucescens fruit, and c. tamala root from nepal. the oils were screened for phytotoxic activity against lettuce and perennial ryegrass, brine shrimp lethality, and antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, insecticidal, and nematicidal activities. c. camphora leaf essential oil was phytotoxic to lettuce, antifungal to aspergillus niger, and insecticidal, particularly toward midge and butterfly larvae, fru ... | 2013 | 24555298 |
| chemical compositions, phytotoxicity, and biological activities of acorus calamus essential oils from nepal. | four essential oils from the leaf (p23) and rhizomes (p19, p22, p24) of acorus calamus l., collected from various parts of nepal, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc-ms. from a total of 61 peaks, 57 compounds were identified among the four essential oils accounting for 94.3%, 96.2%, 97.6%, and 94.1% of the oils, respectively. all of the essential oils were dominated by (z)-asarone (78.1%-86.9%). the essential oils also contained (e)-asarone (1.9%-9.9%) and small amounts of gamm ... | 2013 | 24079199 |
| bioactivities of volatile components from nepalese artemisia species. | the essential oils from the leaves of artemisia dubia, a. indica, and a. vulgaris growing wild in nepal were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc-ms. the major components in a. dubia oil were chrysanthenone (29.0%), coumarin (18.3%), and camphor (16.4%). a. indica oil was dominated by ascaridole (15.4%), isoascaridole (9.9%), trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (9.7%), and trans-verbenol (8.4%). the essential oil of nepalese a. vulgaris was rich in alpha-thujone (30.5%), 1,8-cineole (12.4%) ... | 2012 | 23413575 |
| chemical compositions and biological activities of amomum subulatum essential oils from nepal. | the essential oils from the seed and rind of amomum subulatum roxb. (collected from nepal) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc-ms. a total of 87 components were identified among the two essential oils accounting for 99.1%, and 99.0% of the oils, respectively. the two essential oils were dominated by the monoterpenoids 1,8-cineole (60.8% and 39.0%), alpha-pinene (6.4% and 4.8%), beta-pinene (8.3% and 17.7%), and alpha-terpineol (9.8% and 12.3%). allelopathic testing of the seed ... | 2012 | 23074918 |
| induced systemic resistance responses in perennial ryegrass against magnaporthe oryzae elicited by semi-purified surfactin lipopeptides and live cells of bacillus amyloliquefaciens. | the suppressive ability of several strains of cyclic lipopeptide-producing bacillus rhizobacteria to grey leaf spot disease caused by magnaporthe oryzae has been documented previously; however, the underlying mechanism(s) involved in the induced systemic resistance (isr) activity in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) remains unknown. root-drench application of solid-phase extraction (spe)-enriched surfactin and live cells of mutant bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain fzb42-ak3 (produces surfac ... | 2015 | 25285593 |
| levanase from bacillus subtilis hydrolyses β-2,6 fructosyl bonds in bacterial levans and in grass fructans. | a levanase, levb, from bacillus subtilis 168, was expressed as a his6-tagged protein in escherichia coli. the enzyme was purified and characterised for its activity and substrate specificity. levb has a ph optimum of 6.0-6.5 and a maximum observed specific activity of 3 u mg(-1) using levan from erwinia herbicola as substrate. hydrolysis products were analysed by hpaec, tlc, and nmr using chicory root inulin, mixed linkage fructans purified from ryegrass (lolium perenne) and levan from e. herbic ... | 2016 | 26773563 |
| host status of different bermudagrasses (cynodon spp.) for the sting nematode, belonolaimus longicaudatus. | thirty-seven warm-season bermudagrass (cynodon spp.) accessions, two cool-season grasses (lolium perenne and festuca arundinacea), 'transvala' digitgrass (digitaria decumbens), and sorghum bicolor were evaluated to determine host suitability and susceptibility to the sting nematode, b. longicaudatus, in a 140-day microcell bioassay. all seven of the evaluated commercial cultivars of cynodon were suitable hosts for b. longicaudatus but varied in their tolerance to the nematode. 'midiron,' 'tifdwa ... | 1992 | 19283057 |
| biodegradation of atrazine by three transgenic grasses and alfalfa expressing a modified bacterial atrazine chlorohydrolase gene. | the widespread use of atrazine and other s-triazine herbicides to control weeds in agricultural production fields has impacted surface and groundwater in the united states and elsewhere. we previously reported the cloning, sequencing, and expression of six genes involved in the atrazine biodegradation pathway of pseudomonas sp. strain adp, which is initiated by atza, encoding atrazine chlorohydrolase. here we explored the use of enhanced expression of a modified bacterial atrazine chlorohydrolas ... | 2015 | 25432082 |
| elevated temperatures and long drought periods have a negative impact on survival and fitness of strongylid third stage larvae. | in grazing cattle, infections with gastrointestinal nematodes pose some of the most important health threats and subclinical infections result in considerable production losses. while there is little doubt that climate change will affect grazing ruminants directly, mean temperature increases of ∼ 3°c and longer drought stress periods in summer may also influence the free-living stages of parasitic nematodes. hostile climatic conditions reduce the number of l3s on pasture and therefore the refugi ... | 2016 | 26828893 |
| ice-binding proteins confer freezing tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana. | lolium perenne is a freeze-tolerant perennial ryegrass capable of withstanding temperatures below -13 °c. ice-binding proteins (ibps) presumably help prevent damage associated with freezing by restricting the growth of ice crystals in the apoplast. we have investigated the expression, localization and in planta freezing protection capabilities of two l. perenne ibp isoforms, lpiri2 and lpiri3, as well as a processed ibp (lpafp). one of these isoforms, lpiri2, lacks a conventional signal peptide ... | 2017 | 27317906 |
| ice recrystallization inhibition proteins of perennial ryegrass enhance freezing tolerance. | ice recrystallization inhibition (iri) proteins are thought to play an important role in conferring freezing tolerance in plants. two genes encoding iri proteins, lpiri-a and lpiri-b, were isolated from a relatively cold-tolerant perennial ryegrass cv. caddyshack. amino acid alignments among the iri proteins revealed the presence of conserved repetitive iri-domain motifs (nxvxxg/nxvxg) in both proteins. quantitative reverse transcriptase pcr (qrt-pcr) analysis indicated that lpiri-a was up-regul ... | 2010 | 20379831 |
| isolation of n2 -fixing rhizobacteria from lolium perenne and evaluating their plant growth promoting traits. | twenty one dinitrogen (n2 )-fixing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of lolium perenne grown for more than 10 years without n-fertilization. the nearly complete sequence of the 16s rrna gene of each strain and pairwise alignments among globally aligned sequences of the 16s rrna genes clustered them into nine different groups. out of the 21 strains, 11 were members of genus bacillus, 3 belonged to each one of genera paenibacillus and pseudoxanthomonas, and the remaining 2 strains to eac ... | 2016 | 26781208 |
| in this issue - april 2014: perceptions of 2007 equine influenza outbreak · hyperinsulinaemia in ponies · hydration and perennial ryegrass toxicosis · travel history needed for possible canine leishmaniosis · complications of arthroscopy · metaphyseal osteopathy in kelpies · infectious bronchitis virus and egg quality. | | 2014 | 24673131 |
| characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effects on the silage quality. | four lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains isolated from common vetch, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass on the tibetan plateau were characterized, and their effects on the fermentation quality of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) silage were studied. | 2016 | 27764915 |
| first record of the root knot nematode, <i>meloidogyne</i> <i>minor</i> in new zealand with description, sequencing information and key to known species of <i>meloidogyne</i> in new zealand. | meloidogyne minor karssen et al. 2004 was collected from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) growing in a sports ground in christchurch, new zealand. this is a new record for m. minor, the first report of this nematode occurring in new zealand, and the second report from the southern hemisphere (after chile). in general, the new zealand isolate of m. minor corresponds well to the descriptions of m. minor given by karssen et al. (2004). the new zealand isolate is characterized by having a fema ... | 2017 | 28187538 |
| factors affecting the efficacy of brassica species and ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) on root-knot nematode infestation of tomato. | the effects of soil incorporation of metham-sodium and finely chopped plant residues of broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, and grass against meloidogyne incognito and m. javanica over increasing periods of time and a range of dose rates, with or without plastic covering were studied in growth chamber experiments. the scope of this study was to determine the direct effects of fresh organic amendments and the indirect effects of their volatiles on meloidogyne spp. and tomato plant growth. amendments ... | 2011 | 22696944 |
| populations of criconemella xenoplax on peach interplanted with certain herbaceous plants. | peach trees growing in field microplots infested with criconemella xenoplax were interplanted with centipedegrass, goosegrass, sicklepod, marigold, buckhorn plantain, showy crotalaria, or perennial ryegrass, or left with weed-free soil as the control. buckhorn plantain reduced nematode numbers, but not to levels acceptable for commercial control. marigold, sicklepod, and goosegrass reduced nematode numbers on some sampling dates but not on others. other plants had no effect or appeared to stimul ... | 1992 | 19283046 |
| an epichloë festucae homologue of mob3, a component of the stripak complex, is required for the establishment of a mutualistic symbiotic interaction with lolium perenne. | in both sordaria macrospora and neurospora crassa, components of the conserved stripak (striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase) complex regulate cell-cell fusion, hyphal network development and fruiting body formation. interestingly, a number of epichloë festucae genes that are required for hyphal cell-cell fusion, such as noxa, noxr, proa, mpka and mkka, are also required for the establishment of a mutualistic symbiotic interaction with lolium perenne. to determine whether mobc, a homologu ... | 2016 | 27277141 |
| symb and symc, two membrane associated proteins, are required for epichloë festucae hyphal cell-cell fusion and maintenance of a mutualistic interaction with lolium perenne. | cell-cell fusion in fungi is required for colony formation, nutrient transfer and signal transduction. disruption of genes required for hyphal fusion in epichloë festucae, a mutualistic symbiont of lolium grasses, severely disrupts the host interaction phenotype. they examined whether symb and symc, the e. festucae homologs of podospora anserina self-signaling genes idc2 and idc3, are required for e. festucae hyphal fusion and host symbiosis. deletion mutants of these genes were defective in hyp ... | 2017 | 27882646 |
| perturbation of bacterial ice nucleation activity by a grass antifreeze protein. | certain plant-associating bacteria produce ice nucleation proteins (inps) which allow the crystallization of water at high subzero temperatures. many of these microbes are considered plant pathogens since the formed ice can damage tissues, allowing access to nutrients. intriguingly, certain plants that host these bacteria synthesize antifreeze proteins (afps). once freezing has occurred, plant afps likely function to inhibit the growth of large damaging ice crystals. however, we postulated that ... | 2014 | 25193694 |
| improvement of phytoremediation of an aged petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by rhodococcus erythropolis cd 106 strain. | the aim of this study was to assess the impact of soil inoculation with the rhodococcus erythropolis cd 106 strain on the effectiveness of the phytoremediation of an aged hydrocarbon-contaminated (approx. 1% tph) soil using ryegrass (lolium perenne). the introduction of cd 106 into the soil significantly increased the biomass of ryegrass and the removal of hydrocarbons in planted soil. the fresh weight of the shoots and roots of plants inoculated with cd 106 increased by 49 and 30%, respectively ... | 2017 | 28103078 |
| diversity of endophytic bacteria in lolium perenne and their potential to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons and promote plant growth. | the aim of this study was to assess the ability of twenty-nine endophytic bacteria isolated from the tissues of ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) to promote plant growth and the degradation of hydrocarbon. most of the isolates belonged to the genus pseudomonas and showed multiple plant growth-promoting abilities. all of the bacteria that were tested exhibited the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid and were sensitive to streptomycin. these strains were capable of phosphate solubilization (62%), c ... | 2014 | 24954306 |
| gastrointestinal tract size, total-tract digestibility, and rumen microflora in different dairy cow genotypes. | the superior milk production efficiency of jersey (je) and jersey × holstein-friesian (je × hf) cows compared with holstein-friesian (hf) has been widely published. the biological differences among dairy cow genotypes, which could contribute to the milk production efficiency differences, have not been as widely studied however. a series of component studies were conducted using cows sourced from a longer-term genotype comparison study (je, je × hf, and hf). the objectives were to (1) determine i ... | 2014 | 24704226 |
| ice recrystallization inhibition mediated by a nuclear-expressed and -secreted recombinant ice-binding protein in the microalga chlamydomonas reinhardtii. | a lolium perenne ice-binding protein (lpibp) demonstrates superior ice recrystallization inhibition (iri) activity and has proposed applications in cryopreservation, food texturing, as well as in being a "green" gas hydrate inhibitor. recombinant production of lpibp has been previously conducted in bacterial and yeast systems for studies of protein characterization, but large-scale applications have been hitherto limited due to high production costs. in this work, a codon-optimized lpibp was rec ... | 2013 | 24037309 |
| inoculation with microorganisms of lolium perenne l.: evaluation of plant growth parameters and endophytic colonization of roots. | turfgrasses are not only designed for recreation activities, but they also provide beneficial environmental effects and positively influence the human wellness. their major problems are predisposition to tearing out and microbial diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate whether the inoculation of microorganisms can be effective to improve plant growth and root development of perennial ryegrass, to evaluate new sustainable practice for green preservation. a microorganism-based commercia ... | 2013 | 23632388 |
| lead immobilization and bioavailability in microbial and root interface. | a range of both soluble and insoluble phosphate (p) compounds have been used to immobilize pb in solution and soil. however, these compounds have limitations because of low solubility or leaching of p. phosphate solubilizing bacteria (psb) can be used to enhance the solubility of insoluble p compounds. the effects of psb on the immobilization of pb in the presence of phosphate rock (pr) and subsequent reduction in pb uptake by indian mustard (brassica juncea) in nutrient agar medium and ryegrass ... | 2013 | 23489643 |
| functional characterisation and transcript analysis of an alkaline phosphatase from the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus funneliformis mosseae. | alkaline phosphatases (alp) in arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi have been suggested to be involved in transfer of phosphate from the mycorrhizal fungus to the host plant, but exact mechanisms are still unknown, partially due to the lack of molecular information. we isolated a full-length cdna (fmalp) from the am fungus funneliformis mosseae (syn. glomus mosseae) showing similarity with putative alp genes from rhizophagus intraradices (syn. glomus intraradices) and gigaspora margarita. for funct ... | 2013 | 23474124 |
| silicon-induced systemic defense responses in perennial ryegrass against infection by magnaporthe oryzae. | sustainable integrated disease management for gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass may involve use of plant defense elicitors with compatible traditional fungicides to reduce disease incidence and severity. silicon (si) has previously been identified as a potential inducer or modulator of plant defenses against different fungal pathogens. to this end, perennial ryegrass was inoculated with the causal agent of gray leaf spot, magnaporthe oryzae, when grown in soil that was nonamended or amended w ... | 2015 | 25738553 |
| induction of salicylic acid-mediated defense response in perennial ryegrass against infection by magnaporthe oryzae. | incorporation of plant defense activators is an innovative approach to development of an integrated strategy for the management of turfgrass diseases. the effects of salicylic acid (sa), benzothiadiazole (bth, chemical analog of sa), jasmonic acid (ja), and ethephon (et, an ethylene-releasing compound) on development of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) caused by magnaporthe oryzae were evaluated. gray leaf spot disease incidence and severity were significantly decreased w ... | 2014 | 24328494 |
| massive analysis of cdna ends (mace) reveals a co-segregating candidate gene for lppg1 stem rust resistance in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). | molecular markers including a potential resistance gene co-segregating with the lppg1 stem rust resistance locus in perennial ryegrass were identified by massive analysis of cdna ends (mace) transcriptome profiling. stem rust caused by puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola is a severe fungal disease in the forage crop perennial ryegrass and other grasses. the previously identified lppg1 locus confers efficient resistance against the pathogen. the aim of this study was to identify candidate genes ... | 2016 | 27435735 |
| evaluation of the ryegrass stem rust model stemrust_g and its implementation as a decision aid. | stemrust_g, a simulation model for epidemics of stem rust in perennial ryegrass grown to maturity as a seed crop, was validated for use as a heuristic tool and as a decision aid for disease management with fungicides. multistage validation had been used in model creation by incorporating previously validated submodels for infection, latent period duration, sporulation, fungicide effects, and plant growth. validation of the complete model was by comparison of model output with observed disease se ... | 2015 | 25098496 |
| a simulation model for epidemics of stem rust in ryegrass seed crops. | a simulation model (stemrust_g, named for stem rust of grasses) was created for stem rust (caused by puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola) in perennial ryegrass grown to maturity as a seed crop. the model has a daily time step and is driven by weather data and an initial input of disease severity from field observation. key aspects of plant growth are modeled. disease severity is modeled as rust population growth, where individuals are pathogen colonies (pustules) grouped in cohorts defined by d ... | 2015 | 25098493 |
| infection of brachypodium distachyon by formae speciales of puccinia graminis: early infection events and host-pathogen incompatibility. | puccinia graminis causes stem rust, a serious disease of cereals and forage grasses. important formae speciales of p. graminis and their typical hosts are p. graminis f. sp. tritici (pg-tr) in wheat and barley, p. graminis f. sp. lolii (pg-lo) in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue, and p. graminis f. sp. phlei-pratensis (pg-pp) in timothy grass. brachypodium distachyon is an emerging genetic model to study fungal disease resistance in cereals and temperate grasses. we characterized the p. gramin ... | 2013 | 23441218 |
| pathotype-specific qtl for stem rust resistance in lolium perenne. | a genetic map populated with rad and ssr markers was created from f1 progeny of a stem rust-susceptible and stem rust-resistant parent of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). the map supplements a previous map of this population by having markers in common with several other lolium spp. maps including est-ssr anchor markers from a consensus map published by other researchers. a qtl analysis was conducted with disease severity and infection type data obtained by controlled inoculation of the popu ... | 2013 | 23361523 |
| genetic control of resistance to crown rust (puccinia coronato corda) in lolium perenne l. and its implications in breeding. | a genetic analysis of resistance to crown rust in a series of natural populations of lolium perenne by means of the diallel cross has revealed that heritability is high (58%) and that the genes concerned show complete but ambi-directional dominance for resistance. an environmental correlation was established between the degree of infection and productivity but no genetic correlation was present. the implications of this mode of control for resistance breeding procedures are briefly considered. | 1977 | 24317594 |
| phytotoxicity data safeguard the performance of the recipient plants in leachate irrigation. | leachates from an operating and a closed landfill were examined for their phytotoxicity by seed germination/root elongation tests using seeds of brassica chinensis and lolium perenne. their ec50s ranged from 3% to 46% v/v, which varied remarkably with the operating status of the landfills. seedlings of twelve tree species were grown in pots, which were irrigated with landfill leachate at the ec50 levels, with tap water as control. no tree mortality or growth inhibition was observed after 90 days ... | 2007 | 16701930 |
| decontamination of landfill leachate by soils with different textures. | soils with different textures (sandy, loamy, and clay soils) were used as filters to attenuate leachate from the gin drinkers' bay landfill. they were used to pack columns of different depths: 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 m. eight millimeters of leachate was drained into the soil columns each day for 56 days. the percolated leachates were collected weekly and their properties analyzed. it was revealed that the properties became rather stable at day 28 and therefore only the data from day 28 are presented. ... | 1990 | 2096848 |
| supplementing lactating dairy cows fed high-quality pasture with black wattle (acacia mearnsii) tannin. | a reduction in urinary nitrogen (n) excretion from dairy cows fed pasture containing a high n concentration in the dry matter (dm) will have environmental benefits, because losses to soil water and air by leachate and nitrous oxides (n2o) will be reduced. condensed tannins (ct) reduce digestion of n, and provision as a dietary additive could have nutritional benefits for production, but the amount required and the responses to different sources of ct on milk production have not been defined. two ... | 2013 | 23899456 |
| increased plant carbon translocation linked to overyielding in grassland species mixtures. | plant species richness and productivity often show a positive relationship, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, especially at the plant species level. we examined how growing plants in species mixture influences intraspecific rates of short-term carbon (c-) translocation, and determined whether such short-term responses are reflected in biomass yields. we grew monocultures and mixtures of six common c3 grassland plant species in outdoor mesocosms, applied a (13)c-co(2) pulse ... | 2012 | 23049893 |
| rapid plant identification using species- and group-specific primers targeting chloroplast dna. | plant identification is challenging when no morphologically assignable parts are available. there is a lack of broadly applicable methods for identifying plants in this situation, for example when roots grow in mixture and for decayed or semi-digested plant material. these difficulties have also impeded the progress made in ecological disciplines such as soil- and trophic ecology. here, a pcr-based approach is presented which allows identifying a variety of plant taxa commonly occurring in centr ... | 2012 | 22253728 |
| [allelopathic effects of invasive weed solidago canadensis on native plants]. | with growth chamber method, this paper studied the allelopathic potential of invasive weed solidago canadensis on native plant species. different concentration s. canadensis root and rhizome extracts were examined, and the test plants were trifolium repens, trifolium pretense, medicago lupulina, lolium perenne, suaeda glauca, plantago virginica, kummerowia stipulacea, festuca arundinacea, ageratum conyzoides, portulaca oleracea, and amaranthus spinosus. the results showed that the allelopathic i ... | 2005 | 16515192 |
| seasonal abundance and phenology of oebalus pugnax (hemiptera: pentatomidae) on graminaceous hosts in the delta region of mississippi. | the rice stink bug, oebalus pugnax (f.), is a graminaceous feeder, and the most injurious insect pest of heading rice, oryza sativa l., in the united states. rice growers are aware of the economic importance of host grasses in o. pugnax abundance. however, the need for increased knowledge of host sequence relative to o. pugnax abundance is vital. densities of o. pugnax on 15 graminaceous hosts were evaluated in the central mississippi delta from april through august in 2011 and 2012. two cultiva ... | 2015 | 26314038 |
| phosphate addition and plant species alters microbial community structure in acidic upland grassland soil. | agricultural improvement (addition of fertilizers, liming) of seminatural acidic grasslands across ireland and the uk has resulted in significant shifts in floristic composition, soil chemistry, and microbial community structure. although several factors have been proposed as responsible for driving shifts in microbial communities, the exact causes of such changes are not well defined. phosphate was added to grassland microcosms to investigate the effect on fungal and bacterial communities. plan ... | 2009 | 18581037 |
| diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonising roots of the grass species agrostis capillaris and lolium perenne in a field experiment. | analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungal diversity through morphological characters of spores and intraradicular hyphae has suggested previously that preferential associations occur between plants and am fungi. a field experiment was established to investigate whether am fungal diversity is affected by different host plants in upland grasslands. indigenous vegetation from plots in an unimproved pasture was replaced with monocultures of either agrostis capillaris or lolium perenne. modifica ... | 2004 | 12768382 |
| predicting the transfer of radiocaesium from organic soils to plants using soil characteristics. | a model predicting plant uptake of radiocaesium based on soil characteristics is described. three soil parameters required to determine radiocaesium bioavailability in soils are estimated in the model: the labile caesium distribution coefficient (kd1), k+ concentration in the soil solution [mk] and the soil solution-->plant radiocaesium concentration factor (cf, bq kg-1 plant/bq dm-3). these were determined as functions of soil clay content, exchangeable k+ status, ph, nh4+ concentration and org ... | 2001 | 11202684 |
| patterns of soil copper contamination and temporal changes in vegetation in the vicinity of a copper rod rolling factory. | patterns of soil copper contamination have been examined in the vicinity of a copper rod rolling plant in prescot, merseyside, uk. the site, established in 1975, was found to possess clear patterns of soil copper contamination, with the highest levels of hno3 and water-extractable fractions encountered in the factory grounds adjacent to the location of the furnace chimney. the majority of the copper had accumulated in the upper soil horizons. the site is surrounded by planted lawns, established ... | 1997 | 15093451 |
| herbivory by canada geese: diet selection and effect on lawns. | flocks of free-ranging canada geese (branta canadensis) often are considered nuisances when they graze on lawns because they litter the sites with fecal material, and their grazing often is perceived to be detrimental to the turf. i tested whether goose grazing had changed the composition of grass species at 20 sites in connecticut where geese were considered nuisances. at these sites kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis) was less prevalent in areas grazed heavily by geese than in areas of the same ... | 1991 | 27755658 |
| within-population variation in localized and integrated responses of trifolium repens to biotically patchy environments. | genets of trifolium repens (white clover) were collected from three patches of old permanent pasture dominated by agrostis capillaris, holcus lanatus or lolium perenne. plants derived from the genets were grown with plants of one grass species present on one side of each t. repens, and a different grass species on the other side, in all combinations of two of the three grasses. different modules (a node with its associated internode, leaf, and axillary bud) on the same clover plant responded ind ... | 1991 | 28313200 |
| turf wars: experimental tests for alternative stable states in a two-phase coastal ecosystem. | alternative stable states have long been thought to exist in natural communities, but direct evidence for their presence and for the environmental switches that cause them has been scarce. using a combination of greenhouse and field experiments, we investigated the environmental drivers associated with two distinctive herbaceous communities in coastal ecosystems in new zealand. in a mosaic unrelated to micro-topography, a community dominated largely by native turf species (notably leptinella dio ... | 2014 | 24669734 |
| neozygites abacaridis sp. nov. (entomophthorales), a new pathogen of phytophagous mites (acari, eriophyidae). | a new entomopathogenic fungus, described here as neozygites abacaridis n. sp. (zygomycetes: entomophthorales), has been found on the mites abacarus hystrix, aculodes dubius, and a. mckenziei (acari: eriophyidae). it differs from other neozygites species affecting mites by its small, globose primary conidia, short-ovoid, smoky coloured capilliconidia, and very short capillary conidiophores-which are usually not longer than the spore length. this pathogen infected mite individuals in autumn (from ... | 2003 | 12877829 |
| a comparative study of the terrestrial ecotoxicity of selected protic and aprotic ionic liquids. | ionic liquids (ils) are a fairly new and very promising group of compounds with a vast variety of possible structures and uses. they are considered to be potentially "green", but their impact on the environment tends to be neglected or not studied enough, especially when it comes to terrestrial ecotoxicity, where there are very few studies performed to date. this work presents a comparative study of the terrestrial ecotoxicity of selected representatives of two ils groups: a new family of protic ... | 2014 | 24630250 |
| relationship between pollutant content and ecotoxicity of sewage sludges from spanish wastewater treatment plants. | chemical and ecotoxicological properties of 28 sewage sludge samples from spanish wastewater treatment plants were studied in order to assess their suitability for agricultural purposes. sludge samples were classified into five categories according to specific treatment processes in terms of digestion (aerobic/anaerobic) and drying (mechanical/thermal). composted samples, as indicative of the most refined process, were also considered. sludges were subjected to physical-chemical characterization ... | 2012 | 22483948 |
| terrestrial ecotoxicity of short aliphatic protic ionic liquids. | a study of the ecotoxicity of different short aliphatic protic ionic liquids (pils) on terrestrial organisms was conducted. tests performed within the present study include those assessing the effects of pils on soil microbial functions (carbon and nitrogen mineralization) and terrestrial plants. the results show that the nominal lowest-observed-adverse-effect concentration (loaec) values were 5,000 mg/kg (dry soil) for the plant test in two species (lolium perenne, allium cepa), 1,000 mg/kg (dr ... | 2011 | 21935980 |
| quantum dot transport in soil, plants, and insects. | environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials requires information not only on their toxicity to non-target organisms, but also on their potential exposure pathways. here we report on the transport and fate of quantum dots (qds) in the total environment: from soils, through their uptake into plants, to their passage through insects following ingestion. our qds are nanoparticles with an average particle size of 6.5 nm. breakthrough curves obtained with cdte/mercaptopropionic acid qds applied to ... | 2011 | 21632093 |
| terrestrial toxicity evaluation of decabromodiphenyl ethane on organisms from three trophic levels. | decabromodiphenyl ethane (dbdp-ethane) was evaluated for its potential to effect sewage sludge respiration, soil nitrification, survival and reproduction in eisenia fetida, and seedling emergence and growth in zea mays, lolium perenne, glycine max, allium cepa, lycopersicon esculentum, and cucumis sativa. the no observed effect concentrations (noecs) were identified at the limit concentration level for sewage sludge respiration (>10 mg dbdp-ethane/kg dry soil), >2500 mg/kg dry soil for soil nitr ... | 2011 | 21111479 |
| improved fructan accumulation in perennial ryegrass transformed with the onion fructosyltransferase genes 1-sst and 6g-fft. | carbohydrate limitation has been identified as a main cause of inefficient nitrogen use in ruminant animals, which feed mainly on fresh forage, hay and silage. this inefficiency results in suboptimal meat and milk productivity. one important molecular breeding strategy is to improve the nutritional value of ryegrass (lolium perenne) by increasing the fructan content through expression of heterologous fructan biosynthetic genes. we developed perennial ryegrass lines expressing sucrose:sucrose 1-f ... | 2008 | 17933422 |
| molecular and functional characterization of a cdna encoding fructan:fructan 6g-fructosyltransferase (6g-fft)/fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-fft) from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). | fructans are the main storage compound in lolium perenne. to account for the prevailing neokestose-based fructan synthesis in this species, a cdna library of l. perenne was screened by using the onion (allium cepa) fructan:fructan 6g-fructosyltransferase (6g-fft) as a probe. a full length lp6g-fft clone was isolated with significant homologies to vacuolar type fructosyltransferases and invertases. the functionality of the cdna was tested by heterologous expression in pichia pastoris. the recombi ... | 2006 | 16840511 |
| synthesis and herbicidal activity evaluation of novel α-amino phosphonate derivatives containing a uracil moiety. | a series of novel α-amino phosphonate derivatives containing a uracil moiety 3a-3l were designed and synthesized by a lewis acid (magnesium perchlorate) catalyzed the kabachnik-fields reaction. the bioassays {in vitro, in vivo [glass house 1 (gh1) and glass house 2 (gh2)]} showed that most of compounds 3 exhibited excellent and selective herbicidal activities; for example, in gh1 test, compounds 3b, 3d, 3f, 3h and 3j showed excellent and wide spectrum herbicidal activities at the dose of 1000 g/ ... | 2016 | 26786699 |
| phytotoxic activity of foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi. | foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi, a mediterranean plant species belonging to the labiatae family, were investigated for their phytotoxic activities on seed germination and root growth of crops (lactuca sativa l. and raphanus sativus l.) and weed species (lolium perenne l. and amaranthus retroflexus l.). foliar volatiles of c. nepeta (l.) savi strongly inhibited both germination and root growth of lettuce, and its essential oils, especially at 125, 250 and 500 μl ... | 2013 | 23216166 |
| phytotoxicity evaluation of five pharmaceutical pollutants detected in surface water on germination and growth of cultivated and spontaneous plants. | the phytotoxicity of 5 pharmaceuticals detected in italian rivers, atorvastatin (7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)-5-propan-2-yl-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid), gemfibrozil (5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-pentanoic acid), tamoxifene (2-[4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenoxy]-n,n-dimethyl-ethanamine), ethinyl estradiol (17-ethynyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11, 12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol) and sildenafil (methyl-9-propyl-2,4,7,8-tetrazabi ... | 2008 | 18205060 |
| allelopathic effects of medicago sativa l. and vicia cracca l. leaf and root extracts on weeds. | in this study, the allelopathic potential of different concentration (5, 25 and 50%) of m. sativa and v. cracca leaf and root extracts were evaluated on germination and radicle length of four weed species (amaranthus retroflexus l., lolium perenne l., ipomoea hederacea l. and portulaca oleracea l.) in laboratory condition. as a result, germination and radicle length of all species were reduced by the extract from m. sativa and v. cracca leaf and root at different percentage. increasing the water ... | 2007 | 19086510 |
| evaluation of a cost effective technique for treating aquaculture water discharge using lolium perenne lam as a biofilter. | wastewater stabilization ponds generate low cost by-products that are useful for agriculture. the utilization of these by-products for soil amendment and as a source of nutrients for plants requires a high level of sanitation and stabilization of the organic matter, to maintain acceptable levels of soil, water and air quality. in this study, two aquaculture wastewater treatment systems; recirculating system and a floating plant bed system were designed to improve the quality of irrigation water ... | 2007 | 17966513 |
| bee pollen: a dangerous food for allergic children. identification of responsible allergens. | bee pollen has been proposed as a food supplement, but it can be a dangerous food for people with allergy. we study an allergic reaction after ingestion of bee pollen in a 4-year-old boy who had developed rhinitis in the last spring and autumn. | 2010 | 20447747 |
| sensitization to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in relation to alcohol consumption. | alcohol consumption is associated with increased serum ige of unknown specificity. | 2008 | 17979993 |
| prevalence and clinical relevance of specific immunoglobulin e to pollen caused by sting- induced specific immunoglobulin e to cross-reacting carbohydrate determinants in hymenoptera venoms. | hymenoptera stings can induce specific ige (sige) to carbohydrate determinants (cd) on venom glycoproteins that cross-react with cd in pollen. sige to such cross-reacting cd (ccd) are believed to have little or no biological activity and thus may cause misdiagnosis of pollen sensitization after a sting. | 2005 | 15836751 |
| histamine receptor expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes is influenced by specific and nonspecific activation. | histamine is a physiological mediator which exerts both effector and regulatory functions through its receptors on various cells. the aim of the study was to investigate changes in histamine receptor expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes affected by stimulation with both specific and nonspecific stimuli. lymphocytes were obtained from both healthy and allergic subjects. cells were incubated with various allergens (mixed grass pollen, lolium perenne, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1, bee ven ... | 2000 | 10807051 |
| allelic variation in the perennial ryegrass flowering locus t gene is associated with changes in flowering time across a range of populations. | the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) flowering locus t (ft) gene and its orthologs in other plant species (e.g. rice [oryza sativa] osftl2/hd3a) have an established role in the photoperiodic induction of flowering response. the genomic and phenotypic variations associated with the perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) ortholog of ft, designated lpft3, was assessed in a diverse collection of nine european germplasm populations, which together constituted an association panel of 864 plants. sequen ... | 2011 | 21115808 |
| tracking the evolution of a cold stress associated gene family in cold tolerant grasses. | grasses are adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. species of the subfamily pooideae, which includes wheat, barley and important forage grasses, have evolved extreme frost tolerance. a class of ice binding proteins that inhibit ice re-crystallisation, specific to the pooideae subfamily lineage, have been identified in perennial ryegrass and wheat, and these proteins are thought to have evolved from a leucine-rich repeat phytosulfokine receptor kinase (lrr-psr)-like ancestor gene. even t ... | 2008 | 18775065 |
| rice pseudomolecule-anchored cross-species dna sequence alignments indicate regional genomic variation in expressed sequence conservation. | various methods have been developed to explore inter-genomic relationships among plant species. here, we present a sequence similarity analysis based upon comparison of transcript-assembly and methylation-filtered databases from five plant species and physically anchored rice coding sequences. | 2007 | 17708759 |
| quantitative trait loci controlling vernalisation requirement, heading time and number of panicles in meadow fescue (festuca pratensis huds.). | the "bf14/16xhf2/7" mapping population of meadow fescue (festuca pratensis huds.) was characterised for number of panicles produced by non-vernalised plants in the field, vernalisation requirement (number of weeks at 6 degrees c and 8 h photoperiod), as well as days to heading, number of panicles and proportion of shoots heading after a 12 weeks vernalisation treatment. quantitative trait loci (qtls) were identified and compared to qtls and genes related to the induction of flowering in cereals ... | 2006 | 16235049 |
| combined effects between temporal heterogeneity of water supply, nutrient level, and population density on biomass of four broadly distributed herbaceous species. | temporal heterogeneity of water supply affects grassland community productivity and it can interact with nutrient level and intraspecific competition. to understand community responses, the responses of individual species to water heterogeneity must be evaluated while considering the interactions of this heterogeneity with nutrient levels and population density. we compared responses of four herbaceous species grown in monocultures to various combinations of water heterogeneity, nutrient level, ... | 2012 | 21327692 |
| clinical characteristics of patients with mustard hypersensitivity. | although mustard is frequently consumed in spain and elsewhere, only isolated case reports of mustard allergy have been reported. no large series of case studies have been published. | 2002 | 12197573 |
| comparison of skin-prick test assay and reverse enzyme immunoassay competition (reina-c) for biological activity of allergens. | an in vitro technique for measuring the relative potency of allergenic extracts has been developed and compared with the dose-response skin-prick test. the in vitro technique is a modification of an elisa based on the method of antigen capture using polystyrene microtitre wells as solid phase (reina-competition) and is also based on a dose-response. both methods have been applied to allergen extracts of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, phleum pratense, secale cereale, lolium perenne, plantago lan ... | 1994 | 8187028 |
| advances on the determination of thresholds of cu phytotoxicity in field-contaminated soils in central chile. | to better determine phytotoxicity thresholds for metals in the soil, studies should use actual field-contaminated soil samples rather than metal-spiked soil preparations. however, there are surprisingly few such data available for cu phytotoxicity in field-contaminated soils. moreover, these studies differ from each other with regards to soil characteristics and experimental setups. this study aimed at more accurately estimating cu phytotoxicity thresholds using field-collected agricultural soil ... | 2017 | 28131477 |
| wood pellet fly ash and bottom ash as an effective liming agent and nutrient source for rye grass (lolium perenne l.) and oats (avena sativa). | fly ash (fa) and bottom ash (ba) from a softwood pellet boiler were characterized and evaluated as soil amendments. in a greenhouse study, two plant species (rye grass, lolium perenne l. and oats, avena sativa) were grown in three different treatments (1% fa, 1% ba, non-amended control) of a silty loam soil. total concentrations of plant nutrients ca, k, mg, p and zn in both ashes were elevated compared to conventional wood ash. concentrations of cd, cr, pb, se and zn were found to be elevated i ... | 2012 | 22104334 |
| heavy metal concentrations in plants and different harvestable parts: a soil-plant equilibrium model. | a mathematical interaction model, validated by experimental results, was developed to modeling the metal uptake by plants and induced growth decrease, by knowing metal in soils. the model relates the dynamics of the uptake of metals from soil to plants. also, two types of relationships are tested: total and available metal content. the model successfully fitted the experimental data and made it possible to predict the threshold values of total mortality with a satisfactory approach. data are tak ... | 2010 | 20605666 |
| a report on the consumption, composition and nutritional adequacy of a mixture of lush green perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) and cocksfoot (dactylis glomerata) fed ad libitum to thoroughbred mares. | non-pregnant thoroughbred mares were stabled and subjected to 2 trials, each 24 h in duration, to establish their total consumption of a mixture of freshly cut, lush green perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) and cocksfoot (dactylis glomerata) in approximately equal proportions; and to compare the total intake of crude protein, calcium, phosphorus and mass of the grass mixture on a dry matter basis with their daily nutritional requirements. the body mass of each mare was calculated at the commenc ... | 1983 | 6655653 |
| soil application of biochar produced from biomass grown on trace element contaminated land. | trace element (te) contamination of soils is a worldwide problem. however, although not considered safe anymore for food production without clean-up, many of these soils may still be used to produce biomass for non-food purposes such as biochar. exploring the suitability of such biochar for the amendment of low-fertility soil, we investigated growth and metal accumulation of ryegrass (lolium perenne, var. calibra) as well as soil microbial abundance on a non-contaminated soil after amendment wit ... | 2014 | 25163600 |
| [skin reactivity frequency to aeroallergens in patients with clinical symptoms of allergic disease]. | allergic diseases diagnosis must be based on adequate allergological anamnesis and an immunological sensitization test; the most sensitive and specific is the skin prick test. | 2017 | 28188708 |
| allelochemical stress inhibits growth, leaf water relations, psii photochemistry, non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, and heat energy dissipation in three c3 perennial species. | in this study, the effect of two allelochemicals, benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one (boa) and cinnamic acid (ca), on different physiological and morphological characteristics of 1-month-old c(3) plant species (dactylis glomerata, lolium perenne, and rumex acetosa) was analysed. boa inhibited the shoot length of d. glomerata, l. perenne, and r. acetosa by 49%, 19%, and 19% of the control. the root length of d. glomerata, l. perenne, and r. acetosa growing in the presence of 1.5 mm boa and ca was decreased c ... | 2011 | 21659663 |
| joint action of benzoxazinone derivatives and phenolic acids. | the joint action of binary and ternary mixtures of benzoxazinone derivatives and phenolic acids was studied using the additive dose model (adm) as reference model. the activity of fixed-ratio mixtures of phenolic acids [ferulic acid (fa), p-coumaric acid (ca), vanillic acid (va), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (hba)] and benzoxazinone derivatives [2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (dimboa), 6-methoxybenzoxazolin-2-one (mboa), benzoxazolin-2-one (boa), 2-aminophenol (ap), and n-(2-hydroxyph ... | 2006 | 16478216 |
| cryopreservation of nili-ravi buffalo bull sperm in cryodiluent supplemented with lolium perenne protein preparations. | semen from the nili-ravi buffalo bull, bubalus bubalis, shows poor survival after freeze storage compared to bovine (bos taurus and bos indicus) semen. freeze-susceptibility distinctions in these two genera have been attributed to differences in sperm membranes. | 2017 | 28376139 |
| a review of perennial ryegrass endophytes and their potential use in the management of african black beetle in perennial grazing systems in australia. | the major insect pest of australian cool temperate pastures is the root-feeding insect heteronychus arator (african black beetle, abb). significant pasture damage can occur even at low abb densities (11 individuals per square meter), and often re-sowing of the whole paddock is required. mitigation of the effects of pasture pests, and in particular subterranean species such as the larval form of abb, can be challenging. early detection is limited by the ability to visualize above-ground symptoms, ... | 2017 | 28154571 |
| responses of plasma glucose and nonesterified fatty acids to intravenous insulin tolerance tests in dairy cows during a 670-day lactation. | the metabolic response of dairy cows undergoing an extended lactation to an insulin tolerance test (itt) was investigated. twelve multiparous holstein-friesian cows that calved in late winter in a pasture-based system were managed for a 670-d lactation by delaying rebreeding. four 5-wk experimental periods commenced at approximately 73, 217, 422, and 520 d in milk (dim). cows were offered a diet of perennial ryegrass (73 and 422 dim) or pasture hay and silage (217 and 520 dim) supplemented with ... | 2017 | 28131575 |
| the effect of by-product inclusion level on milk production, nutrient digestibility and excretion, and rumen fermentation parameters in lactating dairy cows offered a pasture-based diet. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing barley and soybean meal with increasing levels of by-products on production, digestive, and metabolic parameters in early-mid lactation dairy cows offered perennial ryegrass-based pasture. forty-eight (32 multiparous and 16 primiparous) dairy cows that were 64 ± 24 d in milk were assigned to 1 of 4 pasture-based dietary treatments (n = 12) in a randomized block design experiment that ran for 70 d. treatments consisted of a p ... | 2017 | 27988110 |
| using plant wax markers to estimate the diet composition of grazing holstein dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to test whether diet selection of dairy cows under grazing conditions could be estimated using plant wax markers. furthermore, differences between 2 cow strains and the effect of concentrate supplementation on plant species selection were investigated. the experiment was a study with a crossover design performed on an organic farm with 12 swiss holstein cows and 12 new zealand holstein cows. both experimental periods consisted of a 21-d adaptation and a 7-d measur ... | 2017 | 27939548 |
| quality characteristics, chemical composition, and sensory properties of butter from cows on pasture versus indoor feeding systems. | this study evaluated the effects of 3 widely practiced cow feeding systems in the united states, europe, and southern hemisphere regions on the characteristics, quality, and consumer perception of sweet cream butter. fifty-four multiparous and primiparous friesian cows were divided into 3 groups (n=18) for an entire lactation. group 1 was housed indoors and fed a total mixed ration diet (tmr) of grass silage, maize silage, and concentrates; group 2 was maintained outdoors on perennial ryegrass-o ... | 2016 | 27771086 |
| effects of concentrate crude protein content on nutrient digestibility, energy utilization, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows fed fresh-cut perennial grass. | although many studies have investigated mitigation strategies for methane (ch4) output from dairy cows fed a wide variety of diets, research on the effects of concentrate crude protein (cp) content on ch4 emissions from dairy cows offered fresh grass is limited. the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of cow genotype and concentrate cp level on nutrient digestibility, energy utilization, and ch4 emissions in dairy cows offered fresh-grass diets. twelve multiparous lactating dairy ... | 2016 | 27592423 |
| effect of pasture versus indoor feeding systems on raw milk composition and quality over an entire lactation. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different feeding systems on milk quality and composition. fifty-four multiparous and primiparous friesian lactating cows were divided into 3 groups (n=18) to study the effects of 3 feeding systems over a full lactation. group 1 was housed indoors and offered a total mixed ration diet (tmr), group 2 was maintained outdoors on a perennial ryegrass pasture (referred to as grass), and group 3 was also grazed outdoors on a perennial ryegrass/wh ... | 2016 | 27720161 |
| effects of crude protein level in concentrate supplements on animal performance and nitrogen utilization of lactating dairy cows fed fresh-cut perennial grass. | nitrogen pollution of air and ground water from grazing cattle is of increasing concern. although several studies have investigated mitigation strategies for nitrogen output from dairy cows fed conserved forages and concentrates, similar research on fresh-cut grass in addition to production parameters is limited. the current study, using 3dietary treatments and incorporating 2 genotypes, was designed to evaluate the effects of concentrate crude protein (cp) levels on animal production and nitrog ... | 2016 | 27522417 |
| effects of pregrazing herbage mass in late spring on enteric methane emissions, dry matter intake, and milk production of dairy cows. | few studies have examined the effects of fresh forage quality on enteric methane (ch4) emissions of dairy cows under grazing conditions. the aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of 2 contrasting forage qualities induced by different pregrazing herbage masses in late spring on enteric ch4 emissions and milk production of grazing dairy cows. the experiment was conducted as a crossover design with 24 lactating holstein friesian dairy cows randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments in 2 ... | 2016 | 27497906 |
| effect of timing and type of supplementary grain on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and milk production in dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture from evening to morning. | the present study aimed to clarify the effect of timing and type of supplementary grain in grazing dairy cows on herbage dry matter intake (hdmi), nitrogen utilization and milk production. eight lactating cows were allowed to graze from evening to morning during three seasonal periods (spring, summer, autumn). they were randomly allocated to four treatments (timing: pre- (pre) or post-grazing (post), for large grain allotments consisting of 75% of daily grain offered; grain type: barley or corn) ... | 2017 | 27145745 |
| incorporating mixed rations and formulated grain mixes into the diet of grazing cows: effects on milk composition and coagulation properties, and the yield and quality of cheddar cheese. | effects of different strategies for feeding supplements to grazing dairy cows on the composition and coagulation properties of milk and the subsequent yield and quality of cheddar cheese were measured. the experiment used milk from 72 holstein-friesian cows, averaging 45d in milk, fed according to 1 of 3 feeding strategies: (1) cows grazed a restricted allowance of perennial ryegrass pasture [approximately 14kg of dry matter (dm)/cow per day, to ground level] supplemented with milled wheat grain ... | 2016 | 27016826 |
| pasture intake and milk production of dairy cows rotationally grazing on multi-species swards. | increasing plant species diversity has been proposed as a means for enhancing annual pasture productivity and decreasing seasonal variability of pasture production facing more frequent drought scenarios due to climate change. few studies have examined how botanical complexity of sown swards affects cow performance. a 2-year experiment was conducted to determine how sward botanical complexity, from a monoculture of ryegrass to multi-species swards (mss) (grasses-legumes-forb), affect pasture chem ... | 2016 | 26948322 |
| more milk from forage: milk production, blood metabolites, and forage intake of dairy cows grazing pasture mixtures and spatially adjacent monocultures. | there is interest in the reincorporation of legumes and forbs into pasture-based dairy production systems as a means of increasing milk production through addressing the nutritive value limitations of grass pastures. the experiments reported in this paper were undertaken to evaluate milk production, blood metabolite concentrations, and forage intake levels of cows grazing either pasture mixtures or spatially adjacent monocultures containing perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), white clover (trif ... | 2016 | 26923052 |
| the multi-year cumulative effects of alternative stocking rate and grazing management practices on pasture productivity and utilization efficiency. | the production and utilization of increased quantities of high quality pasture is of paramount importance in pasture-based milk production systems. the objective of this study was to evaluate the cumulative effects of alternative integrated grazing strategies, incorporating alternative stocking rate (sr) and grazing severities, on pasture productivity and grazing efficiency over multiple years within farm systems using perennial ryegrass dominant pastures. three whole-farm sr treatments were com ... | 2016 | 26898285 |
| effect of increased concentrate allotment before evening grazing on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and rumen fermentation in dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture. | two experiments were conducted to elucidate the effect of increased concentrate allotment before evening grazing on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and rumen fermentation in dairy cows. in experiment 1, nine lactating cows were grazed in the morning and evening sessions (2.5 h each). the cows were allocated to treatments of three concentrate allotment levels before the evening grazing session by altering proportions to daily total offered; 25%, 50% and 75%. daily herbage dry matter intake q ... | 2016 | 26805404 |