| differentiation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolates by rdna-spacer analysis and random amplified polymorphic dna patterns. | the ability to distinguish between isolates of mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolates was studied using two molecular techniques. nucleotide sequence analysis of the rdna-spacer and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis using decamer primers with gc contents of 60 to 70% were evaluated on 16 isolates of m. paratuberculosis from cattle. the rdna spacer analysis did not discriminate between isolates as it revealed an identical sequence for all 16 strains tested but it showed one common ... | 1997 | 9355250 |
| development of an elisa technique for serodiagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis. | a local clinical mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) isolate was cultivated in large-scale culture. a procedure for efficient preparation of a lipoarabinomannan-containing antigen was developed and standardized; 25 mg of purified antigen were obtained per gram of bacterial wet weight. an elisa based on this antigen was developed. intra- and interassay variation were determined to be 20% and 27%, respectively. the elisa was evaluated using the sera of groups of 39 non- ... | 1997 | 9355254 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in ovine tissues and blood by the polymerase chain reaction. | a direct polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test was applied to dna extracted from blood, liver, ileocecal lymph node and ileum from twelve ewes in poor condition with histologically confirmed paratuberculosis and ten clinically normal sheep which had no evidence of paratuberculosis. the assay was compared with four serological tests: complement fixation test (cft), gel diffusion test (agid) and two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa). the pcr detection rate of mycobacterium avium subsp. par ... | 1997 | 9355258 |
| manure and microbes: public and animal health problem? | most environmental concerns about waste management either have focused on the effects of nutrients, especially n and p, on water quality or have emphasized odor problems and air quality. microbes from manure are often low on the priority list for control and remediation, despite the fact that several outbreaks of gastroenteritis have been traced to livestock operations. the pathogens discussed in this paper include protozoans (cryptosporidium parvum, giardia spp.), bacteria (listeria monocytogen ... | 1997 | 9361239 |
| use of four dna insertion sequences to characterize strains of the mycobacterium avium complex isolated from animals. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) includes the closely related species m. avium, m. intracellulare and m. paratuberculosis. the insertion elements is900, is901, is1245 and is1311 were used as dna probes to characterize by restriction fragment polymorphisms (rflps) eight reference strains, three animal isolates of m. paratuberculosis from outside new zealand and 61 selected new zealand mac isolates from cattle, deer, pigs, sheep and humans. is900 was found only in strains of m. paratuberculos ... | 1997 | 9375297 |
| an improved method for cultivation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from bovine fecal samples and comparison to three other methods. | a new method (nadc) for isolation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from fecal samples is described and evaluated using fecal samples from a known paratuberculosis-infected herd of cattle. the nadc method includes centrifugation of the total fecal sample supernatant and use of a 2-step decontamination protocol. the growth rate of m. paratuberculosis and contamination rate of cultures when using this method are compared to 3 other published methods: sedimentation, centrifugation, and cornell. sen ... | 1997 | 9376426 |
| a comparison of lipoarabinomannan with other antigens used in absorbed enzyme immunoassays for the serological detection of cattle infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | | 1997 | 9376433 |
| ovine johne's disease. | | 1997 | 9404611 |
| heat inactivation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in raw milk: are current pasteurization conditions effective? | currently, it is not known whether commercial pasteurization effectively kills mycobacterium paratuberculosis in contaminated raw milk. results from holder test tube experiments indicated that a residual population of viable bacteria remained after treatment at 65, 72, 74, or 76 degrees c for 0 to 30 min. use of a laboratory-scale pasteurizer unit demonstrated that treatment of raw milk at 72 degrees c for 15 s effectively killed all m. paratuberculosis. | 1997 | 9406421 |
| search for mycobacterium paratuberculosis dna in orofacial granulomatosis and oral crohn's disease tissue by polymerase chain reaction. | although intestinal crohn's disease has long been suspected to have a mycobacterial cause, possible mycobacterial involvement in orofacial granulomatosis (ofg) and oral lesions of crohn's disease has not yet been investigated. | 1997 | 9414972 |
| mpb70 and mpb83 as indicators of protein localization in mycobacterial cells. | culture fluids after growth of mycobacterium bovis bcg on sauton medium contain actively secreted proteins and proteins released by bacterial lysis. bcg culture fluids and sonicates of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium paratuberculosis were tested after separation by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the localization of marker proteins was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting with selected monoclona ... | 1998 | 9423870 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis: a potential food-borne pathogen? | mycobacterium paratuberculosis commonly infects dairy cattle, leading to johne's disease, which is also known as paratuberculosis. the infection is chronic progressive, and incurable. as the infection progresses, excretion of m. paratuberculosis in feces and milk occurs, and the bacterium spreads through the blood to multiple internal organs. consequently, raw products originating from cattle may harbor m. paratuberculosis. thermal treatments, such as pasteurization, are commonly relied on to ki ... | 1997 | 9436127 |
| farm factors associated with the presence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in dairy herds on the new york state paratuberculosis control program. | an extensive questionnaire was developed and used to collect data from 33 herds that were on the new york state paratuberculosis control program, to study farm factors associated with the presence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in dairy herds. the results of the last whole herd paratuberculosis fecal culture were used to indicate presence of infection in a herd, with herds having one or more animals positive classified as 'infected'. the average prevalence within herds was 5.2%. fou ... | 1997 | 9443331 |
| identification and characterization of a novel extracellular ferric reductase from mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | a novel extracellular mycobacterial enzyme was identified in the ruminant pathogen mycobacterium paratuberculosis. the enzyme was capable of mobilizing iron from different sources such as ferric ammonium citrate, ferritin, and transferrin by reduction of the metal. the purified reductase had a calculated mr of 17,000, was sensitive to proteinase k treatment, and had an isoelectric point of ph 9. analysis of the amino acid composition revealed glycine, serine, asparagine (or aspartic acid), and g ... | 1998 | 9453631 |
| differentiation of australian isolates of mycobacterium paratuberculosis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | to examine strain variation amongst australian isolates of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | 1997 | 9469224 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis cervical lymphadenitis, followed five years later by terminal ileitis similar to crohn's disease. | | 1998 | 9492675 |
| johne's disease: a hidden threat. | paratuberculosis, which is also known as johne's disease, is a chronic, progressive enteric disease of ruminants caused by infection with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. cattle become infected with m. paratuberculosis as calves but often do not develop clinical signs until 2 to 5 yr of age. the clinical disease is characterized by chronic or intermittent diarrhea, emaciation, and death. although animals with clinical disease are often culled from the herd, animals with subclinical paratuberculos ... | 1998 | 9493105 |
| long-term sequelae to foodborne disease. | most of the concern about foodborne disease has been focused on the immediate effects of acute infection. recent information has shown that many of these foodborne infections also have long-term sequelae with serious health effects and a significant economic impact. to increase the awareness of animal health professionals to these sequelae, the authors discuss two groups of sequelae which are strongly associated with preceding infection (reactive arthritides, including reiter's syndrome, and the ... | 1997 | 9501346 |
| milk pasteurisation and safety: a brief history and update. | a brief history of the development of milk pasteurisation is presented and updated. concerns about the margin of safety provided by current pasteurisation standards in terms of milk-borne pathogens such as mycobacteria (in particular mycobacterium paratuberculosis) and other emerging pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli o157:h7 are discussed. with the exception of the endospores of bacillus cereus, current standards appear to be adequate for public health assurance of mi ... | 1997 | 9501358 |
| thermal tolerance of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | d values (decimal reduction time; the time required to kill 1 log concentration of bacteria) were determined for both human and bovine strains (dominic, ben, bo45, and atcc 19698) of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in 50 mm lactate solution (ph 6.8) and in milk at four temperatures (62, 65, 68, and 71 degrees c). viable m. paratuberculosis organisms were quantified by a radiometric culture method (bactec). thermal death curves for the m. paratuberculosis strains tested were generally linear, with ... | 1998 | 9501439 |
| rapid detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in clinical samples from ruminants and in spiked environmental samples by modified bactec 12b radiometric culture and direct confirmation by is900 pcr. | the suitability of a radiometric culture medium consisting of bactec 12b with panta plus, mycobactin j, and egg yolk was evaluated for detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in feces, mesenteric lymph nodes, and intestinal walls from cattle, sheep, and goats. in addition, a simple method that would enable the rapid identification of mycobacterium paratuberculosis by is900 pcr in the primary cultures was sought so that subculture to secondary egg-free radiometric medium could be avoided. an ... | 1998 | 9508299 |
| role of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in crohn's disease: a prospective, controlled study using polymerase chain reaction. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis has been proposed as a causative agent in patients with crohn's disease. the purpose of this study was to determine whether m. paratuberculosis was present in tissue from patients with crohn's disease in a defined geographic area. | 1998 | 9556244 |
| effect of high-temperature, short-time (htst) pasteurization on milk containing low numbers of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | the efficacy of high-temperature, short-time (htst) pasteurization (72 degrees c/15 s) when low numbers (< or = 10(3) cfu ml-1) of mycobacterium paratuberculosis are present in milk was investigated. raw cows' milk spiked with myco. paratuberculosis (10(3) cfu ml-1, 10(2) cfu ml-1, 10 cfu ml-1, and 10 cfu 50 ml-1) was subjected to htst pasteurization using laboratory pasteurizing units. ten bovine strains of myco. paratuberculosis were tested in triplicate. culture in bactec middlebrook 12b radi ... | 1998 | 9569703 |
| changes in lymphocyte subsets in the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes in caprine paratuberculosis. | changes in the number and distribution of lymphocyte subsets were investigated in the intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes of three goats with natural paratuberculosis, comparisons being made with a single uninfected control animal. lesions in the naturally infected goats varied from small granulomata with scarce epithelioid or multinucleated giant cells, containing few or no bacilli, in the intestine (tuberculoid type) to an extensive, diffuse epithelioid cell infiltrate containing nume ... | 1998 | 9573507 |
| concurrent paratuberculosis and parasitism in a five-month-old lamb in the netherlands. | | 1998 | 9595634 |
| controlled trial of antituberculous chemotherapy in crohn's disease: a five year follow up study. | it has been suggested that mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the cause of crohn's disease. in a previous report the immediate effect of two years treatment with antituberculous chemotherapy showed no clinical benefit. | 1998 | 9616310 |
| factors associated with seroprevalence to mycobacterium paratuberculosis in small-ruminant farms in the madrid region (spain). | a cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of small ruminants in the madrid region (spain) to determine the mycobacterium paratuberculosis seroprevalence and to identify farm factors possibly associated with paratuberculosis (ptb). farming-management information and sera were collected from 60 sheep or goat flocks. the relationship between seropositivity and the variables in the questionnaire was assessed by unconditional logistic regression, followed by random-effects logistic regres ... | 1998 | 9618744 |
| elisa testing for antibody to mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | | 1998 | 9635168 |
| early immunopathological events in experimental ovine paratuberculosis. | an experimental oral infection of neonatal (< 2 weeks old) lambs with a cervine isolate of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m.a. paratuberculosis), the causal agent of ruminant paratuberculosis (johne's disease) was used to investigate bacteriological, histopathological and immunological changes during the early (up to 8 weeks) post-infection phase. in vitro culture for mycobacteria was positive in one faecal and three mesenteric lymph node (mln) samples from the eight infected l ... | 1998 | 9656460 |
| does mycobacterium paratuberculosis survive current pasteurization conditions? | | 1998 | 9656462 |
| interferon-gamma and interleukin 4 gene expression in cows infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | to determine whether clinical progression of paratuberculosis in cattle was associated with alterations in cytokine gene expression in affected tissues. | 1998 | 9659548 |
| identification of a gene unique to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and application to diagnosis of paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis (johne's disease), a chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants. currently, there is a need for improved diagnostic tests because of the lack of methods for accurate, rapid and reliable detection of m. paratuberculosis infection. a m. paratuberculosis gene (hspx) was cloned, sequenced, and a 30 bp species-specific oligonucleotide was synthesized. as an internal control to identify m ... | 1998 | 9664574 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in infected tissues by new species-specific immunohistological procedures. | we have previously described the cloning and sequencing of a gene portion coding for the terminal part of a 34-kda protein of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the etiological agent of johne's disease (p. gilot, m. de kesel, l. machtelinckx, m. coene, and c. cocito, j. bacteriol. 175:4930-4935, 1993). the recombinant polypeptide (a362) carries species-specific b-cell epitopes which do not cross-react with other mycobacterial pathogens (m. de kesel, p. gilot, m.-c. misonne, m. coene, a ... | 1998 | 9665946 |
| [crohn disease: uncertainty about the etiologic role of mycobacterium paratuberculosis]. | in recent years, attention and discussion have been devoted to the possible association of mycobacterium paratuberculosis, agent of paratuberculosis in ruminants, with crohn's disease. both diseases, which affect young adults, are characterized by chronic granulomatous lesions, typically concentrated in the terminal ileum, and clinical signs of enteritis and weight loss. the etiology of crohn's disease is unknown but genetic, environmental, immunological and microbiological influences, in variou ... | 1998 | 9673065 |
| specificity of two absorbed elisas for surveys of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle. | | 1998 | 9700406 |
| thermal inactivation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk. | thermal inactivation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis, a suspected human pathogen, was determined in ultrahigh-temperature whole milk. three strains of m. paratuberculosis were examined for survival at temperatures from 55 to 75 degrees c using a submerged glass capillary tube method. clumped and declumped suspensions of the cultures were used to determine the rate of heat inactivation and survival at pasteurization temperatures. methods for declumping m. paratuberculosis included the use of gl ... | 1998 | 9713757 |
| no mycobacterium paratuberculosis detected in intestinal tissue, including peyer's patches and lymph follicles, of crohn's disease. | to clarify the etiologic significance of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in crohn's disease, we investigated whether m. paratuberculosis was detected in intestinal tissues, including peyer's patches, where m. paratuberculosis invades, and colonic lymph follicles, where early lesions appear. fifty-one samples of intestinal tissues, either therapeutically resected or biopsied, including 34 specimens from 30 patients with crohn's disease, were studied. four peyer's patches and eight lymph follicles ... | 1998 | 9719229 |
| isolation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from milk by immunomagnetic separation. | an immunomagnetic separation (ims) technique was developed to facilitate selective isolation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis cells from milk. rabbit polyclonal antibodies against radiation-killed intact m. paratuberculosis cells were produced and used to coat sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin g (igg) type m-280 dynabeads. the rabbit anti-m. paratuberculosis igg-coated beads (imb) reacted strongly with laboratory strains of m. paratuberculosis as determined by slide agglutination, and microscopi ... | 1998 | 9726853 |
| health evaluation of free-ranging guanaco (lama guanicoe). | twenty free-ranging guanaco (lama guanicoe) in chubut province, argentina, were immobilized for health evaluations. all but two animals appeared to be in good condition. hematology, serum chemistry, and vitamin and mineral levels were measured, and feces were evaluated for parasites. serology tests included bluetongue, brucellosis, bovine respiratory syncitial virus, bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease, equine herpesvirus 1, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, johne's disease (mycobacterium par ... | 1998 | 9732026 |
| quality of uk milk to be studied. | | 1998 | 9758478 |
| milk quality survey to include mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | | 1998 | 9762756 |
| characterization of a 34-kilodalton protein of mycobacterium leprae that is isologous to the immunodominant 34-kilodalton antigen of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | during dna sequence analysis of cosmid l373 from the mycobacterium leprae genome, an open reading frame of 1.4 kb encoding a protein with some homology to the immunodominant 34-kda protein of mycobacterium paratuberculosis, but lacking significant serological activity, was detected. the dna sequence predicted a signal peptide with a modified lipoprotein consensus sequence, but the protein proved to be devoid of lipid attachment. | 1998 | 9784577 |
| human exposure to mycobacterium paratuberculosis via pasteurised milk: a modelling approach. | paratuberculosis is a disease of cattle caused by infection with mycobacterium paratuberculosis, and it has been suggested that this bacterium may also play a role in the aetiology of crohn's disease in humans. m paratuberculosis is shed in the milk and may be able to survive pasteurisation. therefore, people may be exposed to it by the consumption of pasteurised milk. the risk of such exposure has been analysed using a modelling approach and the model has been used to evaluate the effects of in ... | 1998 | 9789344 |
| effect of is900 gene of mycobacterium paratuberculosis on mycobacterium smegmatis. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis is mycobactin dependent and contains multiple copies of the is900 gene that encodes for p43 (46.5k protein). the correlation between the two characteristics has been investigated. a 3.2-kb bamhi fragment from m. paratuberculosis containing the 1.451 kb is900 gene was cloned in escherichia coli and mycobacterium smegmatis with pcdna ii and pnez6.3 plasmids, respectively. surprisingly, the recombinant m. smegmatis grew poorly and slower in 7h9 broth supplemented with ... | 1998 | 9806974 |
| epizootic of paratuberculosis in farmed elk. | after multiple cases of chronic diarrhea and weight loss in a farmed elk herd, 3 yearlings and 1 adult elk with similar clinical signs were euthanatized and necropsied. gross and histologic evidence of paratuberculosis were found in the yearlings. evidence of serum antibody to mycobacterium paratuberculosis was detected in the 2 elk with the most disseminated infection. acid-fast organisms were isolated from multiple organs in all 4 elk and identified as m paratuberculosis by dna probe. thirty-f ... | 1998 | 9810391 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum dna cannot be detected by pcr in crohn's disease tissue. | the etiology of crohn's disease remains unknown. a putative mycobacterial cause of the disease is still controversial. | 1998 | 9823555 |
| prevalence of enteropathogenic bacteria in surgically treated chronic inflammatory bowel disease. | in order to assess the potential impact of bacterial eradication on recurrence rates, the prevalence of various enteropathogenic bacteria and toxins in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (cibd) was prospectively examined. | 1998 | 9840104 |
| a method for purification and characterisation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from the intestinal mucosa of sheep with johne's disease. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the cause of johne's disease in ruminants, cannot be cultured in large quantities from affected sheep in australia. a method is described for the purification of the organism from the intestinal mucosa of sheep with multibacillary johne's disease in order to undertake restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis for epidemiological purposes. using sucrose and potassium chloride as separation media for differential and density gradient cent ... | 1998 | 9874103 |
| a study of immunological responses of sheep clinically-affected with paratuberculosis (johne's disease). the relationship of blood, mesenteric lymph node and intestinal lymphocyte responses to gross and microscopic pathology. | nineteen adult sheep diagnosed as having clinical paratuberculosis (johne's disease) and 16 unaffected controls were examined in this study. animals were tested for the presence of circulating antibodies of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. a. paratuberculosis) and lymphocytes derived from the blood, mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines were examined for cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses to johnin pure protein derivative (johnin-ppd: j-ppd). bacteriological examinations were carr ... | 1998 | 9880110 |
| dietary calcium modulates mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in beige mice. | a 6-month study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of dietary calcium (ca) on the persistence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection using a mouse model. beige mice, averaging 8 weeks of age, were randomly assigned to one of the following dietary treatments: 1) 0.02% ca, 2) 0.15% ca, 3) 0.45% ca, and 4) 1.0% ca. mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10(8) cfu viable m. paratuberculosis for 1, 3, and 6 month periods. plasma ca levels was unaffected by dieta ... | 1998 | 9880113 |
| a low g+c content genetic island in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and m. avium subsp. silvaticum with homologous genes in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the technique of representation difference analysis pcr has been applied to find genes specific to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. this generated a 671 bp fragment which was used to isolate a larger genetic element found in the enteric pathogens m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and m. avium subsp. silvaticum but which was absent from the very closely related and relatively benign m. avium subsp. avium. this element, designated gs, is greater than 6.5 kbp in length and has a g+c cont ... | 1998 | 9884234 |
| development of a firefly luciferase-based assay for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) is a fatal disease of ruminants for which no effective treatment is available. presently, no drugs against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis), the causative agent of johne's disease, are approved for use in livestock. additionally, m. paratuberculosis has been linked to a human chronic granulomatous ileitis (crohn's disease). to assist in the evaluation of antimicrobial agents with potential activity against m. paratuberculosis, w ... | 1999 | 9889208 |
| relation between pathologic findings and cellular immune responses in sheep with naturally acquired paratuberculosis. | to investigate the relation between lesions and cellular immune response-based tests in sheep with naturally acquired paratuberculosis and to evaluate efficacy of an interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) assay and the intradermal skin test. | 1999 | 9918160 |
| intracellular fate of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in monocytes from normal and infected, interferon-responsive cows as determined by a radiometric method. | the ability of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to survive in bovine monocytes was studied using radiometric (bactec) culture, standard plate counting and microscopic counting of acid-fast stained monocyte monolayers. results of microscopic counts sharply contrasted with results of viable counts determined both by plate counting and radiometric counting. we observed an early phase (the first 6 d after in vitro infection) of intracellular bacillary growth, followed by a later phase of ... | 1999 | 9918335 |
| hormonal modulation of phagocytosis and intracellular growth of mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis in bovine peripheral blood monocytes. | in this study, we evaluated the effects of several hormones (i.e. growth hormone, prolactin, vitamin d3, luteinizing hormone, oxytocin) on the phagocytosis and intracellular survival of mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis within bovine peripheral blood monocytes. phagocytosis of m. avium ss. paratuberculosis declined in a dose-dependent manner when monocytes were exposed to increasing amounts of recombinant bovine growth hormone, with little phagocytosis occurring at a growth hormone concen ... | 1999 | 9973576 |
| specificity of the 34-kilodalton immunodominant protein of mycobacterium avium sp. paratuberculosis. | | 1999 | 10068253 |
| evaluation of modified bactec 12b radiometric medium and solid media for culture of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from sheep. | definitive diagnosis of johne's disease in ruminants depends on confirming the presence of the causative bacterium, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, in tissues of the host. this is readily achieved in most ruminant species by culture. however, culture of clinical specimens from sheep in many countries has been unrewarding. such a culture from sheep was achieved recently in australia by using a radiometric culture medium. the aims of the present study were to evaluate the culture of m ... | 1999 | 10074529 |
| the causation of crohn's disease and treatment with antimicrobial drugs. | | 1998 | 10076782 |
| evaluation of diagnostic tests for johne's disease in young cattle. | to investigate the development of immune responses in calves experimentally and naturally infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis and to evaluate the potential for diagnostic tests to detect infected calves. | 1999 | 10078359 |
| c1q autoantibodies in hiv infection: correlation to elevated levels of autoantibodies against 60-kda heat-shock proteins. | antibodies to solid phase c1q (c1qab) were determined in 295 serum samples from 132 hiv-infected subjects and in sera from 140 hiv-seronegative healthy individuals as control. an elisa method applied for the determination of c1qab in other diseases was used. in part of these sera, other autoantibodies (antibodies reacting with 60-kda human heat shock protein (hsp60) or mycobacterial hsp65; iga and igg class antibodies against the fab and f(ab')2 moieties of igg) as well as complement-mediated an ... | 1999 | 10080837 |
| antigen-specific b-cell unresponsiveness induced by chronic mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of cattle. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of cattle results in a chronic granulomatous enteritis. clinical disease (i.e., cachexia, diarrhea, and high fecal bacterial counts) is preceded by a lengthy subclinical stage of disease. the immunologic mechanisms associated with the progression of infected cattle from subclinical to clinical disease are unclear. in this study, a cell proliferation assay was used in combination with flow cytometry to compare peripheral blood lymphocyte respo ... | 1999 | 10084991 |
| single pcr and nested pcr with a mimic molecule for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of johne's disease in ruminants. the current methods for detection of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis are slow and insensitive. we report the use of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on is900 to confirm growth of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in primary bacterial cultures from bovine tissue and fecal samples. the use of pcr on single colonies reduced the time for analysis by 2 months compared with conventional methods. ... | 1999 | 10092965 |
| herd-level economic analysis of the impact of paratuberculosis on dairy herds. | to perform a herd-level analysis of economic losses associated with paratuberculosis in dairy herds. | 1999 | 10101415 |
| hplc does not differentiate mycobacterium paratuberculosis from mycobacterium avium. | hplc, which is gaining its place as identification tool in mycobacteriology laboratories, has been proposed to distinguish mycobacterium paratuberculosis from mycobacterium avium. we had reported no significant difference between m. avium and m. paratuberculosis reference strain atcc 19698. because of the advantages offered by such a method, we enlarged our observations to include more isolates of m. paratuberculosis. within the double cluster of peaks obtained by both m. avium and m. paratuberc ... | 1999 | 10189195 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in crohn's disease is serologically positive. | | 1999 | 10189224 |
| inflammatory bowel disease and the genes for the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 and the interferon-gamma receptor 1. | the genes for the interferon-gamma receptor 1 and the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (nramp1) control the immune response to intracellular microbial pathogens. such pathogens, in particular mycobacterium paratuberculosis, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease. we studied markers in the genes for nramp1 and two mutations in the interferon-gamma receptor in relation to inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) in the following groups: 270 healthy individuals, 74 pa ... | 1999 | 10207725 |
| pcr-restriction endonuclease analysis for identification and strain typing of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium based on polymorphisms in is1311. | point mutations in the is 1311 sequences from sheep and cattle strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) and m. avium subsp. avium (m. avium) were targeted to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) that would be useful in the diagnosis and control of johne's disease. candidate pcr tests were evaluated for sensitivity, specificity and ease of interpretation of the restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) products. one is 1311 pcr, amplifying a 608 base pair pr ... | 1999 | 10208802 |
| prevalence of antibodies to bovine paratuberculosis detected by a lam-elisa in costa rica. | | 1999 | 10212507 |
| absence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis dna in intestinal tissues from crohn's disease by nested polymerase chain reaction. | a role of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in crohn's disease has been suggested for many years. to determine whether mycobacterium paratuberculosis has the potential to cause crohn's disease, we investigated crohn's disease tissues for the presence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis, using highly sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr). dna was extracted from samples of intestine obtained from 13 patients with crohn's disease, 14 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 13 control patients w ... | 1999 | 10213119 |
| contribution to the diagnosis of johne's disease in cattle. comparative studies on the validity of ziehl-neelsen staining, faecal culture and a commercially available dna-probe test in detecting mycobacterium paratuberculosis in faeces from cattle. | in the present study, 132 selected faecal samples from clinically affected and subclinically infected cattle from dairy herds known to be affected by johne's disease were investigated for the presence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis using ziehl-neelsen staining, faecal culture and a commercially available dna-probe test. the sensitivity was 36.4% for ziehl-neelsen staining, 85.6% for faecal culture and 47.7% for the dna-probe test. proving the presence of acid-fast bacteria in 49.3% of the sam ... | 1999 | 10216457 |
| comparison of serological tests and faecal culture for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle and analysis of the antigens involved. | three hundred and forty-one sera from cattle in western australia and 106 sera from mycobacterium paratuberculosis faecal culture positive cattle were used to evaluate the performance of two absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) (one locally produced, the other a commercial test) and a complement fixation test (cft) for the detection of johne's disease in cattle. the diagnostic sensitivity (47.2%) of the local elisa was significantly higher than that of the commercial elisa (31.1%) ... | 1999 | 10227475 |
| epidemiological study of paratuberculosis in wild rabbits in scotland. | a survey of 22 farms confirmed the presence of paratuberculosis in wild rabbits in scotland. regional differences were apparent in the prevalence of the disease in rabbits, with a significantly higher incidence occurring in the tayside region. statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between a previous history or current problem of paratuberculosis in cattle and the presence of paratuberculosis in rabbits on the farms. molecular genetic typing techniques could not discriminate betw ... | 1999 | 10325318 |
| distribution and environmental risk factors for paratuberculosis in dairy cattle herds in michigan. | to determine prevalence of paratuberculosis among dairy cattle herds and to identify associated soil-related risk factors. | 1999 | 10328429 |
| presence of eubacteria in biopsies from crohn's disease inflammatory lesions as determined by 16s rrna gene-based pcr. | the aim of this study was to search for putative microbial agents in crohn's disease (cd) tissues by bacterial broad-range 16s rdna pcr combined with genus- and species-specific dna hybridisation analysis. biopsies taken both surgically and endoscopically from the terminal ileum of 11 cd patients and 11 control patients were investigated. significant amounts of eubacteria were demonstrated in biopsies taken endoscopically from both affected and unaffected individuals; the biopsies taken at surge ... | 1999 | 10334593 |
| evolutionary bottlenecks in the agents of tuberculosis, leprosy, and paratuberculosis. | parasitic mycobacteria cause important human and animal diseases including tuberculosis, leprosy, and paratuberculosis. several methods demonstrate a high degree of sequence conservation in three parasitic mycobacterial species (mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. leprae, and m. avium subspecies paratuberculosis). each of these species has completely conserved deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) sequence in an internal transcribed spacer. in contrast, several species of environmental mycobacteria (m. intrace ... | 1999 | 10340288 |
| development of a transposon mutagenesis system for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, a slow-growing mycobacterium, is the causative agent of johne's disease. although m. paratuberculosis is difficult to manipulate genetically, our laboratory has recently demonstrated the ability to introduce dna into these bacteria by transformation and phage infection. in the current study we develop the first transposon mutagenesis system for m. paratuberculosis using the conditionally replicating mycobacteriophage phae94 to introduce the mycoba ... | 1999 | 10361705 |
| [crohn's disease and mycobacterium paratuberculosis]. | | 1997 | 10374280 |
| [mycobacterium paratuberculosis in the intestine of patients with crohn's disease]. | crohn's disease has long been suspected of having a mycobacteria, specifically m. paratuberculosis cause. in this study polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was used to detect m. paratuberculosis dna in 74 paraffin wax embedded gut tissues from endoscopic biopsy or surgical resection specimens, including 36 crohn's disease tissues, 18 ulcerative colitis tissues and 20 non-inflammatory bowel disease tissues. oligonucleotides derived from is900 sequence, which is a repeated in m. paratuberculosis ... | 1997 | 10374282 |
| crohn's disease: the case for bacteria. | at the present time, there is no convincing indication that crohn's disease is a bacterial disease, although an association with mycobacteria has been hypothesised for many years. the hypothesis that bacteria could be the cause, or at least an important concause of crohn's disease is supported by several experimental and clinical observations: animals kept in a germ-free environment fail to develop intestinal inflammation; bacteria are the cause of human and animal intestinal diseases similar to ... | 1999 | 10379488 |
| measles, mycobacterium paratuberculosis and crohn's disease. | | 1999 | 10379490 |
| effect of higher pasteurization temperatures, and longer holding times at 72 degrees c, on the inactivation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk. | raw cow's milk spiked with 10(6) cfu ml-1 of mycobacterium paratuberculosis was subjected to heat treatments of 72, 75, 78, 80, 85 or 90 degrees c for 15 s, and 72 degrees c for 20 and 25 s, using laboratory pasteurizing units. three bovine strains of myco. paratuberculosis were studied (nctc 8578, b2 and dvl 943). each strain was subjected to all the heat treatments indicated on three separate occasions. although each of the heat treatments achieved a substantial (5-6 log10) reduction in number ... | 1999 | 10389265 |
| serum antibodies to mycobacterium paratuberculosis in patients with crohn's disease. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis has been suggested as a causative organism of crohn's disease. despite a long-term debate to prove this possibility, the role of this bacteria in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease is still a subject of controversy. in the present study, serum antibodies (igg, iga, and igm) to the protoplasmic antigen of m. paratuberculosis were quantified in patients with crohn's disease and in control subjects by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay whose specificity was i ... | 1999 | 10389697 |
| the groes antigens of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | the groes antigen provokes a strong immune response in human beings with tuberculosis or leprosy. we cloned and sequenced the mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium paratuberculosis groes genes. m. avium and m. paratuberculosis have identical groes sequences which differ from other mycobacterial species. this supports the current formal designation of m. paratuberculosis as m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. immunodominant epitopes from mycobacterium tuberculosis groes are conserved in m. avium, b ... | 1999 | 10392775 |
| characterization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis p36 antigen and its seroreactivities in crohn's disease. | recent data using improved cultural, molecular, and serological techniques have strengthened the association of mycobacterium paratuberculosis with crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) with unknown etiology. to provide more evidence of an etiological association, antibody reactivities of crohn's disease patients were tested by immunoblotting against m. paratuberculosis-recombinant antigens. a clone containing a 1,402-bp insert and expressing a 36k-antigen (p36) was analyzed. no h ... | 1999 | 10398839 |
| hepatic encephalopathy associated with paratuberculosis in a goat. | a 3-year-old pregnant nubian goat that was examined because of weight loss, weakness, and change in attitude was determined to be infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. signs of depressed attitude, trembling, and ataxia were consistent with hepatic encephalopathy, which was confirmed by detection of hyperammonemia. these signs were consistent with histopathologic lesions in the liver and brain. changes in energy balance and the hypoproteinemia that often develop in goats with paratubercul ... | 1999 | 10416479 |
| herd-level economic losses associated with johne's disease on us dairy operations. | johne's disease ('paratuberculosis') is a chronic, infectious, wasting disease that affects dairy cattle. estimation of its impact on herd productivity and corresponding economic loss on us dairy operations was part of the usda national animal health monitoring system's (nahms) 1996 national dairy study. johne's-positive herds experience an economic loss of almost us$ 100 per cow when compared to johne's-negative herds due to reduced milk production and increased cow-replacement costs. for johne ... | 1999 | 10423773 |
| factors influencing the isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from bovine fecal samples. | a modified procedure was used for culture of mycobacterium paratuberculosis (mptb) from bovine feces. bovine fecal samples were decontaminated with naoh, exposed to a mixture of oxalic acid and malachite green, incubated in a mixture of neomycin and amphotericin b. decontaminated specimens were inoculated onto modified löwenstein-jensen medium. specimens processed by high-speed centrifugation showed growth earlier than specimens prepared by low-speed centrifugation. however, the overall number o ... | 1999 | 10424651 |
| a novel polymorphic genetic locus in members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | it has previously been shown that the pan promoter from mycobacterium paratuberculosis can be used as a dna probe to identify an rflp between wild-type mycobacterium bovis and the vaccine strain mycobacterium bovis bcg. to investigate the genetic basis of this phenomenon, dna fragments from a new zealand m. bovis cattle strain and m. bovis bcg pasteur, containing the pan-binding region, were isolated from gene libraries, sequenced and characterized. sequence analysis and comparison with database ... | 1999 | 10439408 |
| lack of support for a common etiology in johne's disease of animals and crohn's disease in humans. | the superficial similarity of johne's disease to crohn's disease led to the hypothesis that, like the former. crohn's disease was caused by mycobacterium paratuberculosis. detailed pathologic comparisons, however, reveal little similarity between these two entities, including the lack of important extraintestinal manifestations. attempts to recover m. paratuberculosis by culture have only rarely succeeded and the significance of spheroplasts that appear more frequently on culture is seriously in ... | 1999 | 10453375 |
| [detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. p.) by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and culture experiments in animals in austria]. | the polymerase chain reaction and cultural method was applied to detect mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. p.) in fecal samples of 165 suspected and of 35 diseased cattle, 18 intestinal tissues and 14 lymph nodes of diseased ruminants as well as organ material (n = 10) were also tested. an agreement (+/+, -/-) in the results between both methods was found in 89.7% of all cases examined. 12.7% of samples of suspected and 9.1% of diseased animals were only positive by pcr. in case ... | 1999 | 10472716 |
| the mycobacterium tuberculosis katg promoter region contains a novel upstream activator. | an escherichia coli-mycobacterial shuttle vector, pjcluc, containing a luciferase reporter gene, was constructed and used to analyse the mycobacterium tuberculosis katg promoter. a 1.9 kb region immediately upstream of katg promoted expression of the luciferase gene in e. coli and mycobacterium smegmatis. a smaller promoter fragment (559 bp) promoted expression with equal efficiency, and was used in all further studies. two transcription start sites were mapped by primer extension analysis to 47 ... | 1999 | 10517603 |
| standardisation of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | dna from 1008 strains of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, digested by restriction endonucleases psti and bsteii, was hybridised with a standard is900 probe prepared by pcr and labelled non-radioactively by ecl. dna fingerprints were scanned by ccd camera and analysed using the software gel compar (applied maths, kortrijk, belgium). thirteen restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) (psti) types were detected, which where designated as a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l and ... | 1999 | 10520596 |
| serological cross-sectional study of paratuberculosis in cattle in austria. | from 1995 to 1997, the prevalence of serum antibodies against mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. av. ssp. ptbc.)--the causal agent of paratuberculosis (johne's disease)--was examined in 11,028 austrian cattle. samples from the four oldest cattle on 2757 farms were collected according to a specific sampling schedule for this epidemiological study. district, age and breed of animals were included as variables in this study. for antibody screening against m. avium subspecies paratu ... | 1999 | 10528542 |
| effects of subclinical bovine paratuberculosis on in-vitro polymorphonuclear neutrophil migration. | migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) [unstimulated or stimulated with zymosan-activated serum (zas)] from 18 cows was measured in a microwell filter assay. of these animals, 10 were subclinically infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis and shown by culture to be excreting the organism in the faeces; the remaining eight were clinically normal and negative for m. paratuberculosis on faecal culture. pmn "net migration" (stimulated minus unstimulated cells) of the infected cows was ... | 1999 | 10541483 |
| bacterial isolation, immunological response, and histopathological lesions during the early subclinical phase of experimental infection of goat kids with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | the diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection is difficult, especially in the early stages of disease. this is due to the long incubation period, the variable lag phase associated with bacterial proliferation, and the multifocal distribution of slowly developing lesions. there are few previous studies of the early stages of experimental paratuberculosis in goats. in the present study, the ability of conventional diagnostic methods to detect m. a. paratuberculosis infecti ... | 1999 | 10568435 |
| pathogenesis of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infections in ruminants: still more questions than answers. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis (johnes disease), a chronic enteritis in ruminants, which is one of the most widespread bacterial diseases of domestic animals, causing enormous economic losses worldwide. though the disease was first described more than a century ago, the biology of the infecting organism and the mechanisms of its interactions with the host still remain a mystery. in this review, recent advances made on pathogenesis of pa ... | 1999 | 10572316 |
| is1626, a new is900-related mycobacterium avium insertion sequence. | an insertion sequence designated is1626 was isolated and characterized from a mycobacterium avium clinical strain. is1626 was detected by high-stringency hybridization with the pmb22/s12 probe from is900 of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. is1626 is 1418 bp in size and has a g+c content of 65 mol%. it has neither terminal inverted repeats nor flanking direct repeats. analysis of three is1626 insertion sites in the m. avium strain and the corresponding potential insertion sites in two is1626-free ... | 1999 | 10589724 |
| distribution of is900 restriction fragment length polymorphism types among animal mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from argentina and europe. | sixty-one mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from cattle and deer from the buenos aires province, an important livestock region in argentina, were typed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp) analysis based on is900. four different rflp patterns (designated 'a', 'b', 'c' and 'e') were identified in bsteii digests of genomic dna. the most frequently observed type, pattern 'a', was found in 46 isolates (75%). the second, pattern 'e', included 8 isolates (13%), while ... | 1999 | 10596808 |
| alkyl hydroperoxide reductases c and d are major antigens constitutively expressed by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | antigens characteristic for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis were identified by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (cie) and by absorbing out cross-reactive antigens by using a polyclonal and polyvalent mycobacterium avium subspecies avium antiserum. two antigens were present in m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and not detected in mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. they were identified as antigens 17 and 20 in a cie reference system for m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens. purifie ... | 2000 | 10639449 |
| mycobacteria distenct from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from the faeces of ruminants possess is900-like sequences detectable is900 polymerase chain reaction: implications for diagnosis. | pcr targeting the 5' end of is 900 has been considered specific for identification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and is frequently applied to confirm the presence of this organism in the diagnosis of johne's disease. is 900 pcr has also been applied to studies of the aetiology of crohn's disease. mycobacterium spp. isolated from the faeces of 3 clinically normal animals in 2 australian states appeared not to be m. paratuberculosis but were positive by is 900 pcr. the isolates we ... | 1999 | 10657148 |