| [application and environmental impact of the biocontrol agent--bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis for vector control]. | in 1976, goldberg and margalit found a potent isolate of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, which has great mosquitocidal activity and was commercialized within 5 years in the usa. it is now the only bio-control agent on the market for vector control worldwide. because of concerns about environmental pollution and ecological preservation, vector control can no longer be solely dependent on the use of chemicals. it appears that the best strategy is to be integrated with biological control ... | 1990 | 2402021 |
| [applications of bacterial pathogens to the mosquito control]. | both bacillus thuringiensis subsp. isrealensis (bti) and bacillus sphaericus are common bacteria found in a variety of soil and aquatic habitats. some strains of them can produce a protein crystal, called parasporal body (or crystal) beside the spore in the cell during sporulation, and it is toxic if eaten by mosquito larvae. as the parasporal bodies are ingested into a mosquito digestive tract, they will be digested and activated by certain enzymes in alkaline digestive juice. the activated tox ... | 1990 | 2402023 |
| preliminary field evaluation of a malaysian isolate of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 against culex pseudovishnui. | | 1990 | 2402673 |
| toxicity to spodoptera exigua and trichoplusia ni of individual p1 protoxins and sporulated cultures of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 and nrd-12. | the toxicities to neonate spodoptera exigua and trichoplusia ni of lyophilized powders obtained from sporulated liquid cultures (referred to as sporulated cultures) and escherichia coli-expressed p1 [cryia(a) cryia(b) cryia(c)] protoxins from three-gene strains of nrd-12 and hd-1 of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki were determined by using diet incorporation bioassays. although sporulated cultures from both strains were more toxic to t. ni than s. exigua, there were no differences in toxic ... | 1990 | 2403254 |
| electron probe x-ray microanalysis of the effects of bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki crystal protein insecticide on ions in an electrogenic k+-transporting epithelium of the larval midgut in the lepidopteran, manduca sexta, in vitro. | an alkaline hydrolysate of bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki hd1 (btk) parasporal crystals was administered at 25 micrograms ml-1 (f.c.) to isolated, short-circuited, midguts of tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta) larvae. the short-circuit current (s.c.c.), a precise measure of k+ active transport, was inhibited by 78% in 10 min in btk-treated midguts as compared to controls. the elemental concentrations of k, together with na, mg, p, s, cl and ca, as well as the water content, were determined by ... | 1985 | 2411741 |
| bacteriophages of bacillus polymyxa. | virulent bacteriophages of colistin--producing bacillus polymyxa strains were studied. the phages were found to differ in lytic spectrum and were active only against strains of b. polymyxa. they did not attack other strains of the genus bacillus. the virulent bacteriophages belong to two morphological groups differing in size. the size of the dna of the bacteriophages of both groups is similar and ranges from 74.9 x 10(6) to 87.8 x 10(6) daltons. the cells of different b. polymyxa strains were a ... | 1985 | 2412400 |
| sporulation-dependent phagelike particles in inclusion-forming bacillus species. | phagelike particles, which have been observed in sporulated cells of bacillus medusa, were found to appear at about late stage ii in all subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis toxic to mosquito larvae. all phagelike particles were similar in size and shape and when purified possessed capsid proteins of similar molecular weights and immune reaction. the synthesis of the major capsid protein occurred at the same time as complete phagelike particles were detected by electron microscopy. the productio ... | 1986 | 2424582 |
| biological control of mosquitoes by the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta endotoxin. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) is a promising, safe toxic agent for control of mosquitoes, but the rapid disappearance of its toxicity makes its use in practice economically unattractive. the lack of evidence for b.t.i. multiplication in water also makes the natural ecology of b.t.i. puzzling. the observation that mosquito larvae readily cannibalize carcasses of b.t.i.-killed larvae, and that the carcasses become toxic to scavenging larvae provides a possible solution to this p ... | 1986 | 2436447 |
| [electron microscope study of the serological relations of bacillus thuringiensis phages]. | the kinetics of neutralization cross-reactions was studied with bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 1-97 phages, and serological complexes were investigated using immunoelectron microscopy. the results of these studies have made it possible to locate both common and specific antigenic components of the phages. | 1987 | 2438542 |
| recognition by cytotoxic t lymphocytes of qa-2 antigens. sensitivity of qa-2 molecules to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | con a splenic lymphoblasts were incubated with phosphatidyl-inositol specific phospholipase c (piplc) derived from bacillus thuringiensis and subsequently analyzed for qa-2 ag with the qa-2 reactive mab qa-m2. this treatment completely removed qa-2 detectable ag on lymphoblasts from h-2d animals, indicating that these molecules are likely anchored to the cell membrane through phosphatidyl inositol (pi). although exposure of lymphoblasts from h-2b mice to piplc greatly reduced qa-2 expression, a ... | 1988 | 2459191 |
| cell-specific heterogeneity in sensitivity of phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane antigens to release by phospholipase c. | cell surface antigens thought to be linked to the membrane via phosphatidylinositol (pi) are incompletely, and variably, released by treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc). the basis for this was investigated with cloned tumor cell lines and pi-plcs isolated from two species of bacteria. residual thy-1 antigen, which was detectable by flow cytometry, remained on all thymoma cell lines after exposure to very high concentrations of either purified enzyme. a majority ... | 1988 | 2459250 |
| barium and calcium block bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki delta-endotoxin inhibition of potassium current across isolated midgut of larval manduca sexta. | ba2+ and ca2+ prevent and reverse the btk delta-endotoxin inhibition of the short-circuit current in isolated lepidopteran midgut. these findings support the k+ pump-leak steady-state model for midgut k+ homeostasis and the k+ channel mechanism of bt toxin action. they provide a new tool with which to study the interactions between bt toxin and midgut cell membranes. | 1988 | 2463324 |
| a cytolytic delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis forms cation-selective channels in planar lipid bilayers. | in order to determine the mechanism of action of the 27 kda mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis we have studied its effects on the conductance of planar lipid bilayers. the toxin formed cation-selective channels in the bilayers, permeable to k+ and na+ but not to n-methylglucamine or cl-, showing very fast, cooperative opening and closing. channel opening was greatly reduced in the presence of divalent cations (ca2+, mg2+) and the effect was reversed when the ... | 1989 | 2465921 |
| evaluation of slow-release formulations of temephos (abate) and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for the control of aedes aegypti in puerto rico. | formulations of temephos (abate) and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) on corncob and dried coconut husk carriers were tested for slow-release insecticide properties against aedes aegypti larvae in puerto rico. granular formulations of 5% and 10% temephos gave continuous larval control in used automobile tires for 27 to 124 days and 34 to 162 days, respectively. temephos on radial sections of corncob and coconut husk chips gave good larval control in tires for 27 to 63 and 61 to 1 ... | 1985 | 2466106 |
| evaluation of methoprene, temephos and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against coquillettidia perturbans larvae in minnesota. | temephos, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) and methoprene were tested for larval control of coquillettidia perturbans. neither temephos nor b.t.i. treatments at their maximum recommended dosages consistently reduced larval numbers. larval emergencies were reduced 99% in test plots treated with experimental, controlled release methoprene briquets (altosid sr-10). breeding sites of cq. perturbans in a 5,000 km2 area were treated using methoprene briquets in the 1984 season. adult p ... | 1986 | 2466954 |
| acute toxicity of temephos, fenoxycarb, diflubenzuron, and methoprene and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis to the mummichog (fundulus heteroclitus). | | 1989 | 2480827 |
| expression of the insecticidal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai in bacillus subtilis and in the thermophile bacillus stearothermophilus by using the alpha-amylase promoter of the thermophile. | expression of the insecticidal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai ipl7 in b. subtilis mi113 and b. stearothermophilus sic1 was examined. production of the protein (130 kilodaltons [kda]) was analyzed by its reaction with antibody against the insecticidal proteins of the parental b. thuringiensis. when the original gene containing its own promoter was subcloned in b. subtilis, only a small amount of the protein was produced. therefore, both the promoter for the b. stearotherm ... | 1989 | 2482704 |
| absorption edge imaging of bacterial endospores with synchrotron radiation. | this article describes a new method of viewing biological specimens by taking advantage of the absorptive characteristics of monochromatic x-rays above and below the absorption edge of a specific element. bacterial endospores were imaged before and after treatment with an experimental vanadium-containing sporocide using monochromatic synchrotron radiation at the nitrogen absorption edge, and above and below the vanadium liii absorption edge. this morphological study demonstrates a rapid, easy-to ... | 1989 | 2496511 |
| [plasmid transduction by bacillus anthracis bacteriophage cp54]. | possibility of plasmid transduction in bacillus anthracis vaccine strains sterne and sti-1 by bacteriophage cp54ant having an increased ability of adsorbtion and a shortened period of latent development in bacillus anthracis cells has been isolated. the main parameters of plasmid transduction by the bacteriophage have been established for the plasmid ptg141 (tcr). they include the effect of multiplicity of infection, the level of uv-inactivation of bacteriophage, the presence of antiphage serum ... | 1989 | 2499772 |
| identification of bacillus anthracis by polyclonal antibodies against extracted vegetative cell antigens. | the extractable protein antigens ea1 and ea2 of bacillus anthracis were prepared from electrophoresis transblots of sds extracts of vegetative bacteria of the sterne strain. hyperimmune guinea-pig antiserum against ea2 failed to react with b. anthracis cells in immunofluorescence (if) tests. guinea-pig antiserum against ea1 (anti-ea1) reacted strongly in if tests with non-encapsulated vegetative cell of 10 of 12 strains of b. anthracis and with cells of strains of b. cereus and b. thuringiensis. ... | 1989 | 2502530 |
| cloning of a gene encoding a major secreted polypeptide of listeria monocytogenes and its potential use as a species-specific probe. | a gene, designated msp, that encodes a major secreted polypeptide with a molecular mass of approximately 60 kilodaltons (kda) was cloned from listeria monocytogenes 10403. dna hybridization analysis indicated that the msp gene was highly conserved among 15 independent l. monocytogenes isolates and that each of 5 isolates tested secreted a 60-kda polypeptide that was immunologically related to the msp gene product. dna sequences related to msp were not detected in any other listeria species or in ... | 1989 | 2508555 |
| accumulation of the insecticidal crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in post-exponential-phase bacillus subtilis. | a gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki that codes for a lepidoptera-specific insecticidal toxin (delta-endotoxin) was engineered for expression in bacillus subtilis. a low-copy-number plasmid vector that replicates in escherichia coli and b. subtilis was constructed to transform b. subtilis with gene fusions first isolated and characterized in e. coli. naturally occurring promoter sequences from b. subtilis (43, veg, ctc, and spovg) were inserted upstream from the plasmid-borne struc ... | 1989 | 2508556 |
| ultrastructural effects of macrotetrolides of streptomyces griseus lks-1 in tissues of culex pipiens larvae. | the isolate of macrotetrolides produced by streptomyces griseus strain lks-1 was tested in its effect on the ultrastructure of larvae of culex pipiens autogenicus. changes were mainly in mitochondria where the cristae were destroyed and the outer membrane inflated. the endoplasmic reticulum was vacuolized and subsequently the nuclear membranes were seriously affected. microvilli of the midgut epithelial cells and the surface membrane of these cells were unaltered and there were no changes in the ... | 1989 | 2509144 |
| [transduction ability of mutants of phage cp51, virulent for bacteria of the bacillus cereus group]. | the virulent phage cp51 used usually to transfer chromosomal and plasmid markers between bacteria of the bacillus cereus group was treated with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitroguanidine. mutants with reduced viability and ts-mutants were isolated. some of the mutants were found to have an increased efficiency of transduction and allow to simplify the process. transfer frequencies of the plasmid pbc16 by the phages cp51-26 and cp51-4-59 were 5 x 10(-4) per plaque-forming unit and 4-5 x 10(-3) per bacter ... | 1989 | 2509285 |
| a comparative study of enzyme variation in bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. | thirty-two strains of bacillus spp. were examined in a multilocus enzyme study by agarose gel electrophoresis. the organisms were bacillus thuringiensis (21 strains, b. cereus (8), including two of var. mycoides, and b. megaterium (3). strains having similar enzyme variants were grouped into zymovars. a total of 10 of 11 enzyme loci studied were polymorphic and 27 zymovars were distinguished among the 32 strains. the results were subjected to numerical analysis, phenetic affinities and genetic d ... | 1989 | 2515182 |
| [the use of plasmid screening for the differentiation of bacillus anthracis strains from closely related species of soil bacilli]. | b. anthracis virulent and vaccine strains differ from the strains of species closely related to b. anthracis, such as b. cereus and b. thuringiensis, in their plasmid spectrum. the use of their plasmid spectrum. the use of the plasmid analysis of the strain is recommended for laboratory practice as the main differential diagnostic test. | 1989 | 2515698 |
| mechanism of action of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal delta-endotoxin: interaction with phospholipid vesicles. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal delta-endotoxin from three subspecies and the product of a cloned crystal protein gene were activated in vitro and their interaction with phospholipid liposomes studied. despite their diverse spectrum of activity, all these toxins were found to cause a rapid increase in the light scattering of liposome suspensions, which reflects a morphological change in the lipid bilayer. when liposomes loaded with radioactive markers were incubated with b. thuringiensis aiz ... | 1989 | 2536557 |
| involvement of tn4430 in transfer of bacillus anthracis plasmids mediated by bacillus thuringiensis plasmid pxo12. | the self-transmissible plasmid pxo12 (112.5 kilobases [kb]), originally isolated from strain 4042a of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis, codes for production of the insecticidal crystal protein (cry+). the mechanism of pxo12-mediated plasmid transfer was investigated by monitoring the cotransfer of the tetracycline resistance plasmid pbc16 (4.2 kb) and the bacillus anthracis toxin and capsule plasmids, pxo1 (168 kb) and pxo2 (85.6 kb), respectively. in matings of b. anthracis donors wi ... | 1989 | 2536653 |
| expression of a cloned bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin gene in bacillus subtilis. | the entire coding region of the bacillus thurigiensis hd73 crystal protein gene was subcloned from plasmid pjwk20 into the integration vector pug2-15. this plasmid expresses chloramphenicol resistance when integrated into the bacillus subtilis chromosome in the outh locus near the rece region. the correct molecular organization of the integrated plasmid was verified by hybridization to southern blots of chromosomal dna digests. production of the toxic crystal protein was monitored at different t ... | 1989 | 2541663 |
| location of the bombyx mori specificity domain on a bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin protein. | bacillus thuringiensis produces different types of insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) or delta-endotoxins. in an effort to identify the insect specificity of icp toxins, two icp genes were cloned into the escherichia coli expression vector pkk223-3, and bioassays were performed with purified crystals. the type a protein [from an icpa1, or 4.5-kilobase (kb) gene, from b. thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1] was found to be 400 times more active against bombyx mori than type c protein (from an icpc ... | 1989 | 2542961 |
| nucleotide sequence and characterization of a new insertion element, is240, from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | the nucleotide sequence of two repeated sequences (rs) in opposite orientations flanking the 125-kda toxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (c. bourgouin et al., j. bacteriol. 170, 3575-3583, 1988) is reported in this paper. the analysis of these sequences indicates that these two rs display characteristic features of bacterial insertion sequences (is) and are therefore referred to as is240. is240 b is 865 bp long and has two perfect terminal-inverted repeats of 16 bp; is240 a is 99% i ... | 1989 | 2543009 |
| phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis as a probe for the distribution of phosphatidylinositol in hepatocyte membranes. | phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) produced by bacillus thuringiensis has been used as a probe for the distribution of phosphatidylinositol in hepatocyte membranes. approx. 50% of this phospholipid was hydrolysed in microsomal vesicles (endoplasmic reticulum) with no significant hydrolysis of the remaining membrane phospholipids. latency of mannose-6-phosphatase was retained during treatment indicating that the vesicles remained impermeable. stripping of the ribosomes did not ... | 1989 | 2543374 |
| [strains of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies produce two delta- endotoxins in various ratios]. | | 1989 | 2544389 |
| transformation of bacillus thuringiensis by electroporation. | plasmids were transformed by electroporation into various strains of bacillus thuringiensis with frequencies of up to 10(5) transformants/micrograms. pc 194 transformed all strains tested at a high frequency and cells could be stably transformed with pc194 and pub110 simultaneously by electroporation with a frequency of 10(2) pc194+ pub110 transformants/micrograms dna. low transformation frequencies observed with some plasmids, especially those grown initially in escherichia coli, could be incre ... | 1989 | 2545517 |
| nucleotide sequence and analysis of the n-terminal coding region of the spodoptera-active delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis aizawai 7.29. | the nucleotide sequence of a 2711bp dna segment which contains the n-terminal coding sequence and the 5' flanking region of a crystal protein gene (bta) from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29 has been determined. the coding region encodes an 824 amino-acid polypeptide corresponding to a carboxy-terminally truncated delta-endotoxin specifically active against the cotton leaf worm spodoptera littoralis. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the bta gene with that of the 4.5, 5. ... | 1989 | 2548060 |
| molecular characterization and sequence of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis. | the gene encoding monophosphatidylinositol inositol phosphohydrolase (pi-specific phospholipase c, pi-plc) of bacillus thuringiensis was cloned in staphylococcus carnosus tm300. the complete coding region comprises 987 base pairs corresponding to a precursor protein of 329 amino acids (molecular weight, 38,095). the nh2-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme from escherichia coli indicated that the mature pi-plc consists of 299 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 34,586. polyacrylam ... | 1989 | 2548063 |
| [cloning and comparative characteristics of genes coding two structurally distant delta-endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae and kurstaki]. | representative total dna libraries of bac. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (strain dipel) and galleriae (strain 11-67) have been constructed on the basis of phasmid vector lambda psl5. recombinant phasmid clones, carrying delta-endotoxin-coding genes of both subspecies have been isolated by means of immunoenzyme screening. restriction mapping and partial nucleotide sequence determination have demonstrated that phasmid lambda poc2, isolated from var. kurstaki dna library, contains the complete delta- ... | 1989 | 2549394 |
| facile preparation and characterization of the toxin from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. | we report a simple three-step method of generating a homogeneous toxic fragment (toxin) in high yield from b. thuringiensis var. kurstaki. purified crystals were digested with trypsin at ph 10.5, followed by (nh4)2so4 precipitation and dialysis. for the hd73 strain the preparation is toxic to eastern-spruce-budworm (choristoneura fuminiferana) larvae. it gives a single 66 kda band on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and a single band with an isoelectric point of 5.5 on an isoelectric-focusing ... | 1989 | 2549961 |
| proteolytic processing of a coleopteran-specific delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis. | insecticidal protein delta-endotoxin crystals harvested from sporulated cultures of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis contain a major polypeptide of 67 kda and minor polypeptides of 73, 72, 55 and 46 kda. during sporulation, only the 73 kda polypeptide could be detected at stage i. the 67 kda polypeptide was first detected at stage ii and increased in concentration throughout the later stages of sporulation and after crystal release, with a concomitant decrease in the 73 kda polypeptide. t ... | 1989 | 2549968 |
| transformation and expression of a cloned delta-endotoxin gene in bacillus thuringiensis. | a shuttle vector containing the replication region of a resident plasmid of b. thuringiensis, was used to determine the conditions allowing efficient transformation of b. thuringiensis by electroporation. using this plasmid a delta-endotoxin gene was cloned and expressed both in escherichia coli and b. thuringiensis. it was shown that this gene was poorly expressed in the wild type situation whereas after cloning in acrystalliferous strains of b. thuringiensis large amounts of crystal protein we ... | 1989 | 2550317 |
| gene dosage effect on the expression of the delta-endotoxin genes of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in bacillus subtilis and bacillus megaterium. | significant differences in expression of the delta-endotoxin genes crya1 and crya2 of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki were observed in b. subtilis and b. megaterium. the crya1 gene was expressed when present on a high-copy-number (hcn) vector in b. megaterium but not in b. subtilis. the crya2 gene was expressed in both hosts, but at a higher level in b. megaterium. expression of the crya2 gene in b. megaterium was better from a hcn vector than from a low copy number vector. inhibition of ... | 1989 | 2550328 |
| efficient transformation of bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus via electroporation: transformation of acrystalliferous strains with a cloned delta-endotoxin gene. | electroporation was used as a method to transform intact cells of bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus. with our optimized method a range of plasmid vectors could be transformed into strains of b. thuringiensis at frequencies of up to 10(7) transformants/micrograms dna. this high frequency allows cloning experiments to be done directly in b. thuringiensis. a bifunctional vector capable of replicating in escherichia coli and in bacillus spp. was constructed. the kurhd1 protoxin gene was cloned in ... | 1989 | 2550762 |
| radioimmunoassay of delta-toxin from b. thuringiensis: correlation with bioassay. | a radioimmunoassay procedure, developed for delta-toxin of b. thuringiensis, is applicable to the assay of the toxin's bioactivity. when delta-toxin is inactivated to different degrees by heat treatment, the amount of toxin as determined by radioimmunoassay is proportionally decreased. it thus appears that the delta-toxin antibody may recognize and bind to the conformation in the molecule associated with its insecticidal activity. | 1989 | 2551079 |
| biosynthesis of 130-kilodalton mosquito larvicide in the cyanobacterium agmenellum quadruplicatum pr-6. | the 130-kilodalton mosquito larvicidal gene, cloned from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, was introduced into the cyanobacterium agmenellum quadruplicatum pr-6 by plasmid transformation. transformed cells synthesized 130-kilodalton delta-endotoxin protein and showed mosquito larvicidal activity. results demonstrate a potential use of a cyanobacterium for biological control of mosquitoes. | 1989 | 2552921 |
| improved purification and biochemical properties of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus thuringiensis. | monophosphatidylinositol inositol phosphohydrolase (phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. ptdins-plc. ec 3.1.4.10) has been purified from a bacillus thuringiensis culture supernatant and from the cellular fraction of a recombinant escherichia coli clone containing the ptdins-plc gene from b. thuringiensis. the two-step purification procedure involved ion-exchange chromatography on deae-sepharose followed by separation on a mono-q/fplc-column with yields of 32% and 50%, respectively. the ... | 1989 | 2553399 |
| molecular cloning and expression of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae insecticidal crystal protein genes in escherichia coli. | the location of the toxin gene of b. thuringiensis subsp. galleriae (h5ab) on the mr-130md plasmid is determined by molecular cloning. double digestion fragments (bamhi and sali) and psti restriction fragments as well, from the 130 md plasmid, of b. thuringiensis subsp. galleriae, are ligated with the cloning vector pat 153 respectively and transformed into e. coli strain hb 101. out of 208 transformants, three colonies (fg2, fg9, fg19) give positive hybridization reaction using the hd-1 delta-e ... | 1989 | 2554939 |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins. importance of specific receptors on the brush border membrane of the mid-gut of target insects. | to study the molecular basis of differences in the insecticidal spectrum of bacillus thuringienesis delta-endotoxins, we have performed binding studies with three delta-endotoxins on membrane preparations from larval insect mid-gut. conditions for a standard binding assay were established through a detailed study of the binding of 125i-labeled bt2 toxin, a recombinant b. thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, to brush border membrane vesicles of manduca sexta. the toxins tested (bt2, bt3 and bt73 toxins ... | 1989 | 2557209 |
| functional characteristics of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases c from bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. | phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c was purified from the culture medium of b. thuringiensis to high specific activity using a procedure we recently described for purification of pi-plc from b. cereus (volwerk et al. (1989) j. cell. biochem. 39, 315-325). the purified enzymes from b. thuringiensis and b. cereus have similar specific activities towards hydrolysis of the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol, and also towards hydrolysis of the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-containing membr ... | 1989 | 2558947 |
| [proteins and proteinase-resistant polypeptides of delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis and their insecticidal activity]. | proteins, solubility in alkaline buffer and proteinase-resistant polypeptides (prp) of parasporal crystals (delta-endotoxin) from bacillus thuringiensis were investigated. 19 sorts of crystals were divided into 7 types. difference of crystalline proteins were coincident with their solubility and prp. the characters of the protein, solubility and prp were subspecies-specific basically, but in a few of crystals they were strain-specific. there was a closed relation between the biochemistry propert ... | 1989 | 2560877 |
| [the role of bitoxibacillin components in the manifestation of its biological activity]. | new methods were developed and applied to quantitative determination of beta-exotoxin and antibiotic activity of delta-endotoxin with respect to micrococcus spp. in bitoxibacillin (btb) and the fermentation broths prepared under industrial conditions. the biosynthesis of beta-exotoxin in the period of its maximum accumulation during the fermentation was estimated. it was shown that the primary biological effect of btb on insects consisted in the actions of beta-exotoxin and delta-endotoxin. biol ... | 1989 | 2561254 |
| cloning and expression of delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis in escherichia coli. | fragments (larger than 4 kb) of partially sau 3ai-digested plasmid dna from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae 7404 and kurstaki hd-1 were cloned into the bamh i site of pbr322. four transformants, containing the corresponding delta-endotoxin gene and producing proteins that reacted with antiserum against crystalline protein, were selected on the basis of results from in situ colony hybridization, radioimmunologic screening, and western blot analysis. three of those tested, i.e., the lysates o ... | 1989 | 2562364 |
| effect of bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis on acid-phosphatase activity of mosquito larvae, culex pipiens and aedes caspius. | the use of bacillus sphaericus and b. thuringiensis h-14 form one of the important group of biological control agent against mosquito larvae. acid phosphatase enzyme plays a significant role in determining susceptibility of mosquito larvae to both bacterial species. biochemical assay showed activation in acid phosphatase in culex pipiens and aedes caspius treated with b. thuringiensis. variation in acid phosphatase activity occurred in both mosquitoes treated with b. sphaericus, while there was ... | 1989 | 2565356 |
| purification and properties of a 28-kilodalton hemolytic and mosquitocidal protein toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis 73-e10-2. | the mosquitocidal crystal of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis 73-e10-2 was purified, bioassayed against third-instar aedes aegypti larvae (50% lethal concentration, 7.5 micrograms/ml), and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, revealing polypeptides of 125, 50, 47, and 28 kilodaltons (kda). when solubilized and proteolytically activated by insect gut proteases or proteinase k, the crystal was cytotoxic to insect and mammalian cells in vitro and was h ... | 1989 | 2566594 |
| efficacy of duplex and vectobac against psorophora columbiae and anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae in arkansas ricefields. | | 1989 | 2568399 |
| evidence for two different types of insecticidal p2 toxins with dual specificity in bacillus thuringiensis subspecies. | analysis of polypeptides in the crystalline delta-endotoxins from different bacillus thuringiensis strains revealed two antigenically similar forms of the p2 protein which differed in molecular mass, peptide profile, and amino acid sequence. purified preparations of the two forms displayed the characteristic dual toxicity of the p2 protein towards members of the orders lepidoptera and diptera in vivo but differed markedly in potency for the insects tested. both species of the p2 protoxin, solubi ... | 1989 | 2570060 |
| [intensification of the growth and development of bacillus thuringiensis h14 266/2-1 by optimizing the nutrient medium]. | the mathematical method of experimental design was used to develop a new enzymic medium for cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis h14 266/2-1, a bactoculicide producer. the optimized medium based on corn flour enzyme lysate as a carbon source and fodder yeast enzyme lysate as a source of nitrogen amine made it possible to increase twice the titre biomass yield for 24 h cultivation as compared to the initial medium. the above medium does not yield to the initial production medium in the insectici ... | 1989 | 2576097 |
| new facts and trends in bacteriological control of mosquitoes. | | 1989 | 2577058 |
| the development of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus sphaericus as biocontrol agents: from research to industrial production. | | 1989 | 2577059 |
| restriction map of large plasmid pfw1 in bacillus sphaericus strain 10. | some strains of bacillus sphaericus have been found to be toxic to mosquito larvae (1). they differ from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) (2,3) in the following aspects: bti is relatively ineffective in polluted water, and its residual activity in most habitats is limited to a few days after treatment, whereas bs isolates are effective in such habitats, particularly against species of culex; bs also remains effective longer, as a result of either persistence or recycling. b. sphaeri ... | 1989 | 2577477 |
| the amino acid sequence of a crystal protein from bacillus thuringiensis deduced from the dna base sequence. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 4222-base segment of dna which contains the promoter, the coding region, and the terminator of a crystal protein gene cloned from a bacillus thuringiensis plasmid. a sequence of 1176 amino acids encoding a mr 133,500 peptide was deduced from the single open reading frame. this protein-coding region was analyzed for codon usage, predicted hydropathy, and predicted secondary structure. examination of the base sequence revealed the presence of several ... | 1985 | 2581950 |
| transformation of bacillus thuringiensis vegetative cells by electroporation. | a highly efficient procedure for the transformation of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis using covalently closed circular plasmid dna was developed by using the small staphylococcus aureus plasmid pc194 and electroporation. we have achieved transformation efficiencies in b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (hd-73) greater than 5 x 10(6) transformants/micrograms plasmid dna. the electro-transformation (or electroporation) procedure also worked with b. subtilis 168 although at a 200-fold l ... | 1989 | 2583476 |
| a broad evaluation of b.t.i. for black fly (diptera: simuliidae) control in a michigan river: efficacy, carry and nontarget effects on invertebrates and fish. | efficacy for black fly control, carry and nontarget effects of b.t.i. (teknar hp-d), applied in the betsie river, michigan, were studied in june 1988. black fly mortality was high (approximately 100%) for a 2,200 m stretch downstream from the application site, declined to 30% at 3,200 m, and was nil at 4,500 m. drift of black flies greatly increased after application at a downstream site, but did not change at an upstream site. there were no detectable nontarget effects of b.t.i. application on: ... | 1989 | 2584974 |
| characterization of a dynamic s layer on bacillus thuringiensis. | the surfaces of three bacillus thuringiensis strains possess an s layer composed of linear arrays of small particles arranged with p2 symmetry and with a = 8.5 nm, b = 7.2 nm, and gamma = 73 degrees. platinum shadows of whole cells and s-layer fragments revealed the outer surface of the array to be smooth and the inner surface to be corrugated. treatment with 2 m guanidine hydrochloride at ph 2.5 to 4 best removed the s layer for chemical characterization; it was a relatively hydrophilic 91.4-ki ... | 1989 | 2592346 |
| susceptibility of adult phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) to bacillus thuringiensis var. israeliensis. | | 1989 | 2604459 |
| a novel phage genome integrated into a plasmid in bacillus thuringiensis strain af101. | bacillus thuringiensis strain af101 possesses a single plasmid (paf101) with a molecular size of 42 mda (69 kb). during plasmid curing experiments in strain af101, we found that a phage (j7w-1) was induced by ethidium bromide treatment. moreover, the phage genome (48 kb) hybridized only with paf101 on a southern blot of the dna of a cleared lysate prepared from strain af101. comparison of the restriction patterns of paf101 and j7w-1 phage dna revealed that paf101 contains not only the entire pha ... | 1989 | 2614379 |
| a new method of testing bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (h-14) formulations on aedes taeniorhynchus in an abandoned rice impoundment in south carolina. | | 1989 | 2614409 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (h-14) on the isopod asellus forbesi and spring aedes mosquitoes in michigan. | | 1989 | 2614410 |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis for lepidopteran larvae: factors involved in vivo and in the structure of a purified protoxin. | the relative ld50 values in two test lepidoptera of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki hd1, which contains three cryla protoxin genes, was the same as a plasmid-cured derivative or a bacillus cereus transcipient containing only one of the three genes. differential rates of transcription of these genes in the original strain could account, at least partly, for this result. strains containing only the single protoxin gene (cryla(b] produced inclusions when grown at 25 degrees c but not 32 ... | 1989 | 2615654 |
| [the effect of mineral salts on the growth and development of bacillus thuringiensis strain h14 266/2-1]. | potassium phosphates in the concentration of 1.0 g/l are the most favourable for the growth and development of the culture of bacillus thuringiensis h14 266/2-1. the data obtained may be used when optimizing the medium for the submerged cultivation of a bactoculicide producer. | 1989 | 2622399 |
| binding and aggregation of the 25-kilodalton toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to cell membranes and alteration by monoclonal antibodies and amino acid modifiers. | the 25-kilodalton toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis binds irreversibly to aedes albopictus cells, choristoneura fumiferana cells, and erythrocytes. the binding to cells increased with both toxin concentration and time and when the cells were first preincubated with unlabeled toxin. binding data indicated a two- to threefold increase in the rate of binding after the amount of the membrane-bound toxin reached approximately 3.5 fmol/3 x 10(5) a. albopictus cells or 3.3. fmol/2 x 10 ... | 1989 | 2624459 |
| growth & toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis. | chemically defined media containing glutamic acid, glutamine and aspartic acid at a 20 mm concentration individually supported abundant growth and sporulation of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis. the parasporal crystals produced in these media were toxic to fourth instar larvae of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say. the medium containing 20 mm of glutamine induced early sporulation of b. thuringiensis var israelensis. an lc50 value of 3.92 micrograms/l was obtained. calcium alginate and ag ... | 1989 | 2628294 |
| action of activated 27,000 mr toxin from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on malpighian tubules of the insect, rhodnius prolixus. | the action of activated 27,000 mr toxin from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti toxin) on malpighian tubules of rhodnius prolixus has been investigated. its binding to the tubules is slowed by low temperature but is not prevented even at 0 degree c. the binding is less effective at ph 10 than at ph7. pretreatment of the tubules with 0.1 mmol l-1 ouabain or bumetanide or 1 mumol l-1 5-hydroxytryptamine did not affect the toxicity of the toxin. the toxin causes very large changes in the ... | 1989 | 2632587 |
| [use of bacteria in the control of medically important diptera]. | | 1989 | 2641395 |
| genetic manipulations in auto-induced protoplasts of bacillus thuringiensis. | | 1989 | 2641396 |
| a 20-kilodalton protein is required for efficient production of the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 27-kilodalton crystal protein in escherichia coli. | the 27-kilodalton (kda) mosquitocidal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis has been cloned as a 10-kilobase (kb) hindiii fragment from plasmid dna; efficient expression in escherichia coli km1 depends on a region of dna located approximately 4 kb upstream (k. mclean and h. r. whiteley, j. bacteriol. 169:1017-1023, 1987). we have cloned the upstream dna region and show that it contains a complete open reading frame (orf) encoding a protein with a molecular mass of 19,584 da ... | 1989 | 2644205 |
| formation of crystals of the insecticidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai ipl7 in escherichia coli. | escherichia coli jm103 cells harboring expression plasmid ptb1 or pkc6 synthesized the 130- and 135-kilodalton insecticidal proteins, respectively, of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai ipl7, and both products accumulated as cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. amorphous inclusions which contained contaminating proteins, together with the corresponding insecticidal proteins, were formed in cultures at 37 degrees c, but bipyramidal crystals practically free of contaminants were observed at 30 degrees ... | 1989 | 2656661 |
| insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis. | a classification for crystal protein genes of bacillus thuringiensis is presented. criteria used are the insecticidal spectra and the amino acid sequences of the encoded proteins. fourteen genes are distinguished, encoding proteins active against either lepidoptera (cryi), lepidoptera and diptera (cryii), coleoptera (cryiii), or diptera (cryiv). one gene, cyta, encodes a general cytolytic protein and shows no structural similarities with the other genes. toxicity studies with single purified pro ... | 1989 | 2666844 |
| [bacillus thuringiensis fluorescence induced by anaerobiosis and its relation to the cellular functional state]. | the fluorescence spectra of bacillus thuringiensis native cells at 340 nm induction have been investigated. the spectral curve has 440-445 and 510-515 nm maximums of fluorescence of pyridine nucleotides (pn) and flavoproteins (fp). the induction of pn and fp fluorescence under anaerobiosis resulted from bacterium breath has been found. the fluorescence induction is connected with the viability of cells. the amplitude of induced fluorescence is in a linear dependence on the number of vegetative c ... | 1989 | 2669979 |
| [the effect of the method of inoculation on the growth and variability of bacillus thuringiensis h14 266/2-1]. | the method of inoculation was studied for its effect on the growth and variability of bacillus thuringiensis h14 266/2-1 when cultivating them in the liquid nutrient medium inoculate with inoculum prepared by different procedures. optimal conditions of the inoculum preparation are determined. productivity of the strain when inoculating the medium with the aerial-dry inoculum was studied as compared to the inoculation by the inoculum taken from the mown agar. it is established that selection of t ... | 1989 | 2695795 |
| [ineffectiveness of bacterial insecticides against egg laying by female mosquitoes]. | insecticides on the base of bacillus thuringiensis and b. sphaericus proved to be ineffective against laying of eggs by female mosquitoes in the water containing these formulations. | 1989 | 2710050 |
| thuricin: the bacteriocin produced by bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis serovar, thuringiensis (hd-2) demonstrated antibacterial activity against 48 of 56 strains of b. thuringiensis and against some other gram-positive species but not against gram-negative species. the antibacterial activity was not inducible by mitomycin c or by ultraviolet irradiation, and additional activity was not liberated from cells by sonication. upon dilution of the antibacterial substance, zones of inhibition diminished without the appearance of plaques. gel filtrat ... | 1989 | 2723445 |
| activity of commercial bacillus thuringiensis preparations against trichostrongylus colubriformis and nippostrongylus brasiliensis. | | 1989 | 2723447 |
| [intraspecies plasmid transformation of bacillus thuringiensis]. | bacillus thuringiensis strains 1009, 3004, 3029 of the natural isolates of var. dendrolimus harbouring two large plasmids were transformed by a mix of small plasmids dna. one of transforming plasmids carried a gene for tetracyclinresistance. the natural isolates of var. dendrolimus strain 2002 and var. berliner strain 1035 were used as donors for plasmid dna transformation. three variants of plasmid spectra registered in tetracycliresistant transformants are discussed. | 1989 | 2725537 |
| functional relationships between free amino acids in the hemolymph of fourth instar larvae of the mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae) as a basis for toxicological studies. | characteristic correlations reflecting particular metabolic interactions between free amino acids have been pointed out and used as a sensitive test for the detection of biochemical intoxication symptoms in fourth instar larvae of the mosquito aedes aegypti exposed for 0-8, 12, 24, and 36 hr to various doses of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg liter-1. in a first pool, serine was negatively correlated with glycine while cystine and alanine were positively correlat ... | 1989 | 2738416 |
| mortality in adult tsetse, glossina morsitans morsitans, caused by entomopathogenic bacteria. | mortality in adult tsetse, glossina morsitans morsitans, caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, bacillus sphaericus, bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis h-14, b. thuringiensis 1, b. thuringiensis 5, b. thuringiensis var. insraelensis, and providentia rettgeri was determined. when bacteria were smeared on rabbit skin and tsetse allowed to feed only once on the contaminated area, mortality 8 days postingestion was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in tsetse fed on p. aeru ... | 1989 | 2738417 |
| expression of an nca cdna in nih/3t3 cells yields a 110k glycoprotein, which is anchored into the membrane via glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol. | the nca cdna, which represents a gene belonging to the cea family, was inserted into an sv40 early promoter-driven expression vector and used for transfection of mouse nih/3t3 cells. a cell line, nih/3t3/knca ig7, was selected which expressed a molecule with an apparent molecular weight of 110,000. the mode of membrane attachment of this nca, which we already proposed to be anchored via glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol, was investigated by treatment of nih/3t3/knca ig7 cells with phosphatidylinosit ... | 1989 | 2742579 |
| [biochemical diagnosis of the presence of poisoning by bacillus thuringiensis serotype "h3a,3b" in two lepidopterans]. | a detailed biochemical analysis has shown that during larval development on artificial medium, the amounts of k+, na+, and ca2+ in the hemolymph of healthy choristoneura fumiferana varied from 85 to 110 mg/100 ml, 29 to 33 mg/100 ml, and 4.8 to 7.3 mg/100 ml, respectively. similar results were obtained with malacosoma disstria. intoxication by bacillus thuringiensis "h3a,3b" (b. t.) considerably modified the amounts of the cations. thus, after 4 h, the quantity of k+ in m. disstria increased fro ... | 1989 | 2743217 |
| a screening for the presence of four different crystal protein gene types in 25 bacillus thuringiensis strains. | 25 different strains of bacillus thuringiensis, belonging to 18 different serotypes were screened by southern hybridization analysis for the presence of nucleotide sequences of four different gene types coding for crystal proteins showing different insecticidal spectra. many but not all strains showed sequences homologous to any of the probes used. homology with sequences of the gene type present in strain kurstaki hd1 occurred in all positive strains, whereas the other gene types were much less ... | 1989 | 2744415 |
| delineation of the toxin coding fragments and an insect-specificity region of a dual toxicity bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene. | a series of deletion mutants have been constructed from the dual toxicity bacillus thuringiensis aizawai ic1 (bta ic1) crystal protein gene. the mutant toxin genes were expressed in escherichia coli, their protein products purified and the authenticity of these mutant proteins confirmed immunologically. analysis of the toxicity spectra of these mutants revealed that lepidopteran toxicity is located on the n-terminal region of the toxin between residues ile30-glu595. 3' deletion of a further 37 r ... | 1989 | 2744417 |
| [experiences in conducting studies of toxicologic evaluation of industrial microorganisms for the purpose of their hygienic standardization]. | | 1989 | 2744520 |
| release of pi-anchoring enzymes and other effects of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus thuringiensis on tn-368 cells from a moth ovary. | release of pi-anchoring enzymes and other effects of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus thuringiensis on tn-368 cells from a moth ovary. toxicon 27, 637-645, 1989.--the effect of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c(piplc) from bacillus thuringiensis was investigated on tn-368 cells, derived from the ovary of a moth, trichoplusia ni. quantitative analysis of lipids showed that phosphatidylinositol (pi) was contained as one of the major phospholipids in tn-368 ce ... | 1989 | 2749761 |
| functional mapping of an entomocidal delta-endotoxin. single amino acid changes produced by site-directed mutagenesis influence toxicity and specificity of the protein. | mutagenesis has been used to investigate the toxicity and specificity of a larvicidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis aizawai ic1 that is toxic to both lepidoptera and diptera and differs by only three residues from a monospecific lepidopteran toxin from b. thuringiensis berliner. site-directed mutagenesis was used to investigate the contribution of these residues to the dual specificity of the aizawai protein. the results suggest that changes in the identity of residues adjacent to arg544 a ... | 1989 | 2769751 |
| [site-specific restriction endonuclease btci from bacillus thuringiensis var. canadensis]. | efficiency of bacteriophage tp4 plating on bacillus thuringiensis var. canadensis h5 (can) is decreased 10(7)-fold as compared with the efficiency of plating on bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae h5 (gal). bacteriophage tp4 having propagated for one cycle in can cells might be further grown in this strain without restriction. the sitespecific restriction endonuclease btci isolated from bacillus thuringiensis var. canadensis recognises the same nucleotide sequence gatc in dna as recognised by ... | 1989 | 2787475 |
| characterization of the mammalian toxicity of the crystal polypeptides of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | solubilized crystal polypeptide preparations of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) were fractionated by immunoaffinity chromatography using a bound monoclonal antibody formed against the 28k crystal polypeptide. the 28k polypeptide was confirmed to be hemolytic and to possess low mosquitocidal activity against aedes aegypti larvae. by comparison, the 28k polypeptide was more potent than the solubilized bti crystals in male swiss webster mice, as the ld50 values were (p less than 0.0 ... | 1989 | 2792598 |
| two forms of plasma membrane-intercalated heparan sulfate proteoglycan in rat ovarian granulosa cells. labeling of proteoglycans with a photoactivatable hydrophobic probe and effect of the membrane anchor-specific phospholipase c. | the structures of cell-associated heparan sulfate (hs) proteoglycans and their interaction with the plasma membrane was studied using rat ovarian granulosa cell culture. hs proteoglycans were either metabolically labeled by incubating cell cultures with [3h] leucine and [35s]sulfate or labeled in plasma membrane preparations with a photoactivatable reagent, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125i]iodophenyl)diazirine (tid), a compound which has been shown to selectively label the hydrophobic membrane-bin ... | 1989 | 2793870 |
| [structure and biological features of the temperate phage of bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae 69/9, sensitive to chloroform]. | a new temperate bacteriophage designated px1 has been isolated from the culture of bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae 69/6 producing enthobacterin. the bacteriophage belongs to morphological group b1 in accordance with the classification by d. reanney and h. ackerman. the bacteriophage head has an isometric multifaceted form with 40 nm diameter. the length of its noncontractile transversely lined tail is 130 nm. high sensitivity to chloroform is peculiar of the phage. the lytical specter of t ... | 1989 | 2811909 |
| isolation of carboxyl-terminal peptides from proteins by diagonal electrophoresis: application to the entomocidal toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | a procedure for the selective isolation of the c-terminal peptides from enzymatic digests of proteins is described. the methodology is based on the diagonal electrophoretic procedure described by r. g. duggleby and h. kaplan (1975) anal. biochem. 65, 346-354). the carboxyl groups in the protein are amidated with [14c]-methylamine followed by enzymatic digestion. since only the c-terminal peptides lack a free carboxyl group, these peptides will lie on a diagonal line of a two-dimensional electrop ... | 1989 | 2817385 |
| nucleotide sequence of a bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis gene encoding a 130 kda delta-endotoxin. | | 1987 | 2821500 |
| transfer of chromosomal genes and plasmids in bacillus thuringiensis. | a low frequency of chromosomal gene transfer from bacillus thuringiensis to bacillus cereus was detected by cell mating, with a tryptophan marker being the most frequently transferred gene among four that were tested. the process was resistant to dnase and was not mediated by cell filtrates. among several b. thuringiensis subspecies tested, transfer was best with a derivative of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd1, which lost several plasmids. all of the b. cereus recombinants contained at leas ... | 1987 | 2821899 |
| renal dipeptidase is one of the membrane proteins released by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | renal dipeptidase (dehydropeptidase-i, ec 3.4.13.11) was released from pig kidney membrane preparations by treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from staphylococcus aureus and bacillus thuringiensis and a phospholipase c preparation from bacillus cereus to a similar extent as alkaline phosphatase. endopeptidase-24.11 and aminopeptidase n were not released by this treatment. after treatment of the membrane fraction with the s. aureus phospholipase c the dipeptidase was conv ... | 1987 | 2822007 |