| [on the problem of the systematization of bacteria from the genus cytophaga and sporocytophaga]. | | 1962 | 13887936 |
| nutrition and metabolism of marine bacteria. xii. ion activation of adenosine triphosphatase in membranes of marine bacterial cells. | drapeau, gabriel r., (macdonald college of mcgill university, quebec, canada) and robert a. macleod. nutrition and metabolism of marine bacteria. xii. ion activation of adenosine triphosphatase in membranes of marine bacterial cells. j. bacteriol. 85:1413-1419. 1963.-isolated membranes of two species of marine bacteria, a pseudomonas and a cytophaga, have been shown to possess adenosine triphosphatase activity. the optimal ph for enzyme action of both organisms was 8.8. the enzyme system was fou ... | 1963 | 14047238 |
| [current aspect of the problem of cellulose]. | | 1963 | 14079881 |
| some applications of deoxyribonucleic acid base composition in bacterial taxonomy. | | 1963 | 14108436 |
| the onpg test in diagnostic bacteriology. comparison of the onpg test and the conventional lactose-fermentation test. | | 1964 | 14123350 |
| cell wall composition of a marine cytophaga. | | 1964 | 14150761 |
| mitomycins and porfiromycin: chemical mechanism of activation and cross-linking of dna. | mitomycins and porfiromycin, generally nonreactive in the natural oxidized state, behave as bifunctional "alkylating" agents upon chemical or enzymatic reduction, followed by spontaneous loss of the tertiary methoxy (hydroxyl) group and formation of an aromatic indole system. thus activated, mitomycins and porfiromycin react in vitro with purified dna, linking its complementary strands. a high content of guanine and cytosine favors this cross-linking reaction, which is the basis of the lethal ef ... | 1964 | 14162693 |
| alteration of the gc patterns in human sera incubated with bacteria. | | 1964 | 14164895 |
| lysis of bacterial cell walls by an enzyme isolated from a myxobacter. | ensign, j. c. (university of illinois, urbana), and r. s. wolfe. lysis of bacterial cell walls by an enzyme isolated from a myxobacter. j. bacteriol. 90:395-402. 1965.-an exoenzyme which lyses intact cells, heat-killed cells, and cell walls of arthrobacter crystallopoietes was purified 60-fold from the growth liquor obtained from a myxobacter (strain al-1). the lytic enzyme was produced during growth of the organism in a number of complex media, the maximal amount of enzyme being produced in yea ... | 1965 | 14330733 |
| features of the cell-wall structure of yeast revealed by the action of enzymes from a non-fruiting myxobacterium (cytophaga johnsonii). | | 1965 | 14342489 |
| microorganisms in the root zone in relation to soil moisture. | | 1965 | 14346123 |
| co2-dependent fermentation of glucose by cytophaga succinicans. | | 1961 | 14448334 |
| cytophaga succinicans sp. n., a factaltatively anaerobic, aquatic myxobacterium. | | 1961 | 14448335 |
| bacterium anitratum transferred to the genus cytophaga. | | 1962 | 14462895 |
| comparative 16s rdna and 16s rrna sequence analysis indicates that actinobacteria might be a dominant part of the metabolically active bacteria in heavy metal-contaminated bulk and rhizosphere soil. | bacterial diversity in 16s ribosomal dna and reverse-transcribed 16s rrna clone libraries originating from the heavy metal-contaminated rhizosphere of the metal-hyperaccumulating plant thlaspi caerulescens was analysed and compared with that of contaminated bulk soil. partial sequence analysis of 282 clones revealed that most of the environmental sequences in both soils affiliated with five major phylogenetic groups, the actinobacteria, alpha-proteobacteria, beta-proteobacteria, acidobacteria an ... | 2003 | 14510843 |
| bacterial diversity in hydrothermal sediment and epsilonproteobacterial dominance in experimental microcolonizers at the mid-atlantic ridge. | we report here a molecular survey based on 16s rrna genes of the bacterial diversity found in two deep-sea vent niches at the mid-atlantic ridge: hydrothermal sediment (rainbow site), and microcolonizers made of three different substrates (organic-rich, iron-rich and pumice) that were exposed for 15 days to a vent emission. bacterial diversity in sediment samples was scattered through many bacterial divisions. the most abundant and diverse environmental sequences (phylotypes) in our libraries co ... | 2003 | 14510850 |
| [comparative study of microbial communities from cultured and natural population of the mussel mytilus trossulus in peter the great bay]. | the 525 strains of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from natural and cultured populations of the mussel mytilus trossulus and the surrounding seawater were identified to a genus level on the basis of phenotypic analysis and the fatty acid composition of cell lipids. gram-negative isolates were dominated by six genera of the family enterobacteriaceae and by the genera pseudoalteromonas, vibrio, photobacterium, cytophaga/flavobacterium/bacteroides, pseudomonas, and moraxella, gram-positive isolates ... | 2003 | 14526545 |
| phylogenetic diversity, abundance, and axial distribution of bacteria in the intestinal tract of two soil-feeding termites (cubitermes spp.). | the hindgut of soil-feeding termites is highly compartmentalized and characterized by pronounced axial dynamics of the intestinal ph and microbial processes such as hydrogen production, methanogenesis, and reductive acetogenesis. nothing is known about the bacterial diversity and the abundance or axial distribution of the major phylogenetic groups in the different gut compartments. in this study, we showed that the variety of physicochemical conditions is reflected in the diversity of the microb ... | 2003 | 14532056 |
| the trove module: a common element in telomerase, ro and vault ribonucleoproteins. | ribonucleoproteins carry out a variety of important tasks in the cell. in this study we show that a number of these contain a novel module, that we speculate mediates rna-binding. | 2003 | 14563212 |
| flavobacterium johnsoniae gldh is a lipoprotein that is required for gliding motility and chitin utilization. | cells of flavobacterium johnsoniae move rapidly over surfaces by gliding motility. the mechanism of this form of motility is not known. six genes (glda, gldb, gldd, gldf, gldg, and ftsx) that are required for gliding have been described. tn4351 mutagenesis was used to identify another gene, gldh, which is required for cell movement. gldh mutants formed nonspreading colonies, and individual cells lacked the cell movements and ability to propel latex spheres along their surfaces that are character ... | 2003 | 14594839 |
| starvation of flavobacterium psychrophilum in broth, stream water and distilled water. | physical changes in flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs), were examined over a 19 wk period of starvation. bacteria were maintained in either cytophaga broth, filtered stream water, or filtered distilled water, or were maintained in broth after disinfection as a negative control for dead bacteria. culturability and viability of the bacterium were assessed using colony-forming units (cfus) and a commercially available live/dead kit. antigenic prof ... | 2003 | 14598987 |
| diversity and abundance of uncultured cytophaga-like bacteria in the delaware estuary. | the cytophaga-flavobacterium group is known to be abundant in aquatic ecosystems and to have a potentially unique role in the utilization of organic material. however, relatively little is known about the diversity and abundance of uncultured members of this bacterial group, in part because they are underrepresented in clone libraries of 16s rrna genes. to circumvent a suspected bias in pcr, a primer set was designed to amplify 16s rrna genes from the cytophaga-flavobacterium group and was used ... | 2003 | 14602617 |
| diversity and structure of bacterial communities in arctic versus antarctic pack ice. | a comprehensive assessment of bacterial diversity and community composition in arctic and antarctic pack ice was conducted through cultivation and cultivation-independent molecular techniques. we sequenced 16s rrna genes from 115 and 87 pure cultures of bacteria isolated from arctic and antarctic pack ice, respectively. most of the 33 arctic phylotypes were >97% identical to previously described antarctic species or to our own antarctic isolates. at both poles, the alpha- and gamma-proteobacteri ... | 2003 | 14602620 |
| microbial community structure in midgut and hindgut of the humus-feeding larva of pachnoda ephippiata (coleoptera: scarabaeidae). | the guts of soil-feeding macroinvertebrates contain a complex microbial community that is involved in the transformation of ingested soil organic matter. in a companion paper (t. lemke, u. stingl, m. egert, m. w. friedrich, and a. brune, appl. environ. microbiol. 69:6650-6658, 2003), we show that the gut of our model organism, the humivorous larva of the cetoniid beetle pachnoda ephippiata, is characterized by strong midgut alkalinity, high concentrations of microbial fermentation products, and ... | 2003 | 14602626 |
| phylogenetic analysis of fiber-associated rumen bacterial community and pcr detection of uncultured bacteria. | the fiber-associated rumen bacterial community was phylogenetically examined by analysis of 16s rrna gene (16s rdna) sequences. hay stems of orchardgrass and alfalfa were incubated for 6 and 20 h, respectively in the rumen of two different sheep, and total dna was extracted from the incubated stems to clone bacterial 16s rdnas using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). of 91 such clones, 21 showed more than 97% sequence similarity with known isolates, 32 clones had 90-97% similarity with known seque ... | 2003 | 14659538 |
| metagenome survey of biofilms in drinking-water networks. | most naturally occurring biofilms contain a vast majority of microorganisms which have not yet been cultured, and therefore we have little information on the genetic information content of these communities. therefore, we initiated work to characterize the complex metagenome of model drinking water biofilms grown on rubber-coated valves by employing three different strategies. first, a sequence analysis of 650 16s rrna clones indicated a high diversity within the biofilm communities, with the ma ... | 2003 | 14660379 |
| culture-independent phylogenetic analysis of the faecal flora of the rat. | the dominant faecal flora of the rat was determined using randomly cloned 16s rdna comparative sequence analysis. a total of 109 near full-length 16s rdna clones were sequenced, representing 69 unique 16s rrna phylotypes or operational taxonomic units (otus). estimates of species richness indicated that approximately 338 species were present in the faeces, suggesting that only 20% of species were identified. only two of 39 gram-negative clones aligned with previously cultured species, the remain ... | 2003 | 14663493 |
| the microbial community analysis of a 5-stage bnr process with step feed system. | the microbial communities of 5-stage bnr activated sludge samples were analyzed using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (fish) and 16s rdna characterization. the total cell numbers of each reactor were from 2.36 x 10(9) cells/ml to 2.83 x 10(9) cells/ml. from 56.5% to 62.0% of total dapi cell counts were hybridized to the most bacterial specific probe eub 338. among them, beta-proteobacteria were most dominant in each tank. the number of phosphate accumulating organisms (paos) was almost 50% of ... | 2003 | 14682580 |
| analysis and comparison of the microbial community structures of two enrichment cultures capable of reductively dechlorinating tce and cis-dce. | in order to study the effect of different chloroethenes (electron acceptors) on the bacterial composition of dechlorinating communities, two reductive dechlorinating enrichment cultures were developed that were able to reduce trichloroethene (tce) and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-dce) to ethene using hydrogen as electron donor, respectively. the inoculum for the cultures was material from a methanogenic fluidized bed reactor (fbr), which was originally seeded with digester sludge and showed a sta ... | 2004 | 14686940 |
| dynamics of microcystin-degrading bacteria in mucilage of microcystis. | to reveal the process of degradation of hepatotoxic microcystin produced in microcystis cells during the microcystis bloom period, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) to analyze the population dynamics of microcystin-degrading bacteria in microcystis mucilage. we designed and applied an oligonucleotide probe targeted to the 16s rrna sequence of strain y2 of a microcystin-degrading bacterium (mcd-bacterium), which was isolated from lake suwa, japan. in both the 1998 and 1999 tests, ... | 2003 | 14708752 |
| phylogenetic and physiological diversity of microorganisms isolated from a deep greenland glacier ice core. | we studied a sample from the gisp 2 (greenland ice sheet project) ice core to determine the diversity and survival of microorganisms trapped in the ice at least 120,000 years ago. previously, we examined the phylogenetic relationships among 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequences in a clone library obtained by pcr amplification from genomic dna extracted from anaerobic enrichments. here we report the isolation of nearly 800 aerobic organisms that were grouped by morphology and amplified rdna restrict ... | 2004 | 14711643 |
| census of the bacterial community of the gypsy moth larval midgut by using culturing and culture-independent methods. | little is known about bacteria associated with lepidoptera, the large group of mostly phytophagous insects comprising the moths and butterflies. we inventoried the larval midgut bacteria of a polyphagous foliivore, the gypsy moth (lymantria dispar l.), whose gut is highly alkaline, by using traditional culturing and culture-independent methods. we also examined the effects of diet on microbial composition. analysis of individual third-instar larvae revealed a high degree of similarity of microbi ... | 2004 | 14711655 |
| bacterial activity at -2 to -20 degrees c in arctic wintertime sea ice. | arctic wintertime sea-ice cores, characterized by a temperature gradient of -2 to -20 degrees c, were investigated to better understand constraints on bacterial abundance, activity, and diversity at subzero temperatures. with the fluorescent stains 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole 2hcl (dapi) (for dna) and 5-cyano-2,3-ditoyl tetrazolium chloride (ctc) (for o(2)-based respiration), the abundances of total, particle-associated (>3- micro m), free-living, and actively respiring bacteria were determin ... | 2004 | 14711687 |
| development of genetic techniques for the psychrotrophic fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum, a member of the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides group, is an important pathogen of salmonid fish. previous attempts to develop genetic techniques for this fastidious, psychrotrophic bacterium have met with failure. here we describe the development of techniques for the genetic manipulation of f. psychrophilum and the identification of plasmids, selectable markers, a reporter system, and a transposon that function in several isolates of this fish pathogen. the a ... | 2004 | 14711690 |
| intracellular symbionts and other bacteria associated with deer ticks (ixodes scapularis) from nantucket and wellfleet, cape cod, massachusetts. | the diversity of bacteria associated with the deer tick (ixodes scapularis) was assessed using pcr amplification, cloning, and sequencing of 16s rrna genes originating from seven ticks collected from nantucket island and wellfleet, cape cod, mass. the majority of sequences obtained originated from gram-negative proteobacteria. four intracellular bacteria were detected including strains of ehrlichia, rickettsia, and wolbachia and an organism related to intracellular insect symbionts from the cyto ... | 2004 | 14711698 |
| genomics of the cconoqp-encoded cbb3 oxidase complex in bacteria. | many bacteria adapt to microoxic conditions by synthesizing a particular cytochrome c oxidase (cbb3) complex with a high affinity for o2, encoded by the cconoqp operon. a survey of genome databases indicates that cconoqp sequences are widespread in all sub-branches of proteobacteria but otherwise are found only in bacteria of the cfb group ( cytophaga, flexibacter, bacteroides). our analysis of available genome sequences suggests four major strategies of regulating cconoqp expression in response ... | 2004 | 14714103 |
| [isolation of hydrocarbon-oxidizing psychrophilic bacteria from oil-polluted soils]. | microorganisms growing on a mineral medium with crude oil and its light fractions as only carbon and energy sources have been isolated from samples of oil-polluted soils collected in the usa district (komi republic, russia). for the first time, hydrocarbon-oxidizing psychrophilic bacteria of the genus cytophaga have been found that are clearly capable of consuming crude oil hydrocarbons. a method for cultivating microorganisms on porous plastic is proposed. the data from the literature on the re ... | 2003 | 14714480 |
| belliella baltica gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium of the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides group isolated from surface water of the central baltic sea. | two bacterial isolates from the baltic sea, ba1 and ba134t, were characterized for their physiological and biochemical features, fatty acid profiles and phylogenetic position based on 16s rrna gene sequences. the strains were isolated from surface water of the central baltic sea during the decay of a plankton bloom. phylogenetic analysis of their 16s rrna gene sequences revealed a clear affiliation to the family 'flexibacteriaceae' and showed highest sequence similarity (91%) to cyclobacterium m ... | 2004 | 14742460 |
| hongiella mannitolivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., hongiella halophila sp. nov. and hongiella ornithinivorans sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment. | three marine strains of the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides group, designated jc2050t, jc2051t and jc2052t, were obtained from a single sediment sample of getbol, the korean tidal flat. comparative 16s rdna sequence studies revealed that the test strains were not closely related to any validly published genera and that these strains were only distantly related to the genus cyclobacterium (88.7-91.2%). phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the three getbol isolates formed a distinct monoph ... | 2004 | 14742474 |
| molecular microbiology of gut bacteria: genetic diversity and community structure analysis. | recently developed molecular biology approaches make possible the detailed genetic, taxonomic and ecological examination of microorganisms from various habitats. animal gut represents one of the most complex microbial ecosystems with a large degree of microbial biodiversity present. bacteria inhabiting the gut usually play important roles in metabolic transformations of substrates and sometimes, e.g. in ruminants, they make the basis for an obligate symbiosis with the host. here we discuss molec ... | 2003 | 14750440 |
| metamorphosis of a scleractinian coral in response to microbial biofilms. | microorganisms have been reported to induce settlement and metamorphosis in a wide range of marine invertebrate species. however, the primary cue reported for metamorphosis of coral larvae is calcareous coralline algae (cca). herein we report the community structure of developing coral reef biofilms and the potential role they play in triggering the metamorphosis of a scleractinian coral. two-week-old biofilms induced metamorphosis in less than 10% of larvae, whereas metamorphosis increased sign ... | 2004 | 14766608 |
| early steps in microbial colonization processes at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. | a pluri-disciplinary in situ colonization experiment was performed to study early stages of colonization in deep-sea vent alvinella spp. worm habitats. four colonization devices were deployed onto alvinella spp. colonies of different chimneys of the east-pacific rise (epr 13 degrees n), for two different periods: a short (less than a week) and a longer one (3 weeks). video imagery and monitoring of the thermal and physico-chemical conditions were performed during the colonization experiments. nu ... | 2004 | 14871207 |
| diverse microbial communities inhabit antarctic sponges. | genetic techniques were employed to investigate the archaeal, bacterial and eukaryotic communities associated with the antarctic sponges kirkpatrickia varialosa, latrunculia apicalis, homaxinella balfourensis, mycale acerata and sphaerotylus antarcticus. the phylogenetic affiliation of sponge-derived bacteria was assessed by 16s rrna sequencing of cloned dna fragments. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) was used to determine the stability of bacterial associations within each sponge ... | 2004 | 14871212 |
| sulfate-reducing bacteria-dominated biofilms that precipitate zns in a subsurface circumneutral-ph mine drainage system. | the microbial diversity of zns-forming biofilms in 8 degrees c, circumneutral-ph groundwater in tunnels within the abandoned piquette zn, pb mine (tennyson, wisconsin, usa) has been investigated by molecular methods, fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), and cultivation techniques. these biofilms are growing on old mine timbers that generate locally anaerobic zones within the mine drainage system. sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) exclusively of the family desulfobacteriaceae comprise a signi ... | 2004 | 14994175 |
| high-diversity biofilm for the oxidation of sulfide-containing effluents. | in the present work, we describe for the first time the utilization of a complex microbial biofilm for the treatment of sulfide-containing effluents. a non-aerated packed-column reactor was inoculated with anoxic lake sediment and exposed to light. a biofilm developed in the column and showed a stable oxidation performance for several weeks. microbial species composition was analyzed by microscopy, pigment analysis and a bacterial 16s rrna gene clone library. colorless sulfur bacteria, green alg ... | 2004 | 14997354 |
| ecophysiological interaction between nitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria in autotrophic nitrifying biofilms as determined by microautoradiography-fluorescence in situ hybridization. | ecophysiological interactions between the community members (i.e., nitrifiers and heterotrophic bacteria) in a carbon-limited autotrophic nitrifying biofilm fed only nh(4)(+) as an energy source were investigated by using a full-cycle 16s rrna approach followed by microautoradiography (mar)-fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). phylogenetic differentiation (identification) of heterotrophic bacteria was performed by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, and fish probes were designed to determine ... | 2004 | 15006789 |
| tenacibaculum skagerrakense sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the pelagic zone in skagerrak, denmark. | a number of bacteria were isolated from sea water in skagerrak, denmark, at 30 m depth. two of the isolates, strains d28 and d30(t), belonged to the flavobacteriaceae within the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides group. sequencing of 16s rrna genes of the two strains indicated strongly that they belonged to the genus tenacibaculum and that they showed greatest similarity to the species tenacibaculum amylolyticum and tenacibaculum mesophilum. dna-dna hybridization values, dna base composition a ... | 2004 | 15023969 |
| glycerol metabolism in the extremely halophilic bacterium salinibacter ruber. | growth of salinibacter ruber, a red, extremely halophilic bacterium phylogenetically affiliated with the flavobacterium/cytophaga branch of the domain bacteria, is stimulated by glycerol. in contrast to glucose consumption, which starts only after more easily degradable substrates present in yeast extract have been depleted, glycerol is consumed during the earliest growth phases. when u-(14)c-labeled glycerol was added to the culture, up to 25% of the radioactivity was incorporated by the cells. ... | 2004 | 15033241 |
| diversity of kenyan soda lake alkaliphiles assessed by molecular methods. | dna was extracted from water and sediment samples taken from soda lakes of the kenyan-tanzanian rift valley. dna was also extracted from microbial enrichment cultures of sediment samples. 16s rrna genes were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and microbial diversity was studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of 16s rdna amplicons. cloning and sequencing of single dgge bands showed that they usually contained mixed amplicons. several of the amplicon sequences had hig ... | 2004 | 15064991 |
| a population survey of members of the phylum bacteroidetes isolated from salt marsh sediments along the east coast of the united states. | the population diversity of cultured isolates of the phylum bacteroidetes was investigated from salt-marsh sediments. a total of 44 isolates that belonged to this phylum were isolated either from high-dilution plates or from end-dilution most-probable-number (mpn) tubes. the majority of the isolates came from virginia, with others isolated from salt marshes in delaware and north carolina. all the isolates were aerobic gram-negative, catalase positive small rods that formed uniform colonies; most ... | 2004 | 15107955 |
| bacterial communities associated with flowering plants of the ni hyperaccumulator thlaspi goesingense. | thlaspi goesingense is able to hyperaccumulate extremely high concentrations of ni when grown in ultramafic soils. recently it has been shown that rhizosphere bacteria may increase the heavy metal concentrations in hyperaccumulator plants significantly, whereas the role of endophytes has not been investigated yet. in this study the rhizosphere and shoot-associated (endophytic) bacteria colonizing t. goesingense were characterized in detail by using both cultivation and cultivation-independent te ... | 2004 | 15128517 |
| seasonal changes in an alpine soil bacterial community in the colorado rocky mountains. | the period when the snowpack melts in late spring is a dynamic time for alpine ecosystems. the large winter microbial community begins to turn over rapidly, releasing nutrients to plants. past studies have shown that the soil microbial community in alpine dry meadows of the colorado rocky mountains changes in biomass, function, broad-level structure, and fungal diversity between winter and early summer. however, little specific information exists on the diversity of the alpine bacterial communit ... | 2004 | 15128545 |
| kordia algicida gen. nov., sp. nov., an algicidal bacterium isolated from red tide. | a bacterium (named ot-1(t)) that showed algicidal activity was isolated from sea water of masan bay, korea, during an outbreak of red tide. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rdna sequences showed that the isolate formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the family flavobacteriaceae of the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides group. no species with a validly published name showed >/=93 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to strain ot-1(t). the isolate had major amounts of iso-branched and 3-hyd ... | 2004 | 15143006 |
| psychroflexus tropicus sp. nov., an obligately halophilic cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides group bacterium from an hawaiian hypersaline lake. | a gram-negative bacterium designated la1(t) was isolated from water collected in hypersaline lake laysan on laysan island in the northwestern hawaiian islands. cells occurred singly as fine rods to short filaments. growth in 50 % strength marine broth occurred optimally when the medium contained 7.5-10 % (w/v) nacl. the major fatty acids in la1(t) grown at 15 and 30 degrees c were 12-methyl tetradecanoic acid and 13-methyl tetradecanoic acid, respectively. the nucleotide sequence of the 16s rrna ... | 2004 | 15143045 |
| characterization of a 'bacteroidetes' symbiont in encarsia wasps (hymenoptera: aphelinidae): proposal of 'candidatus cardinium hertigii'. | previously, analysis of 16s rdna sequences placed a newly discovered lineage of bacterial symbionts of arthropods in the 'bacteroidetes'. this symbiont lineage is associated with a number of diverse host reproductive manipulations, including induction of parthenogenesis in several encarsia parasitoid wasps (hymenoptera: aphelinidae). in this study, electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna and gyrb genes of symbionts from encarsia hispida and encarsia pergandiella are used to ... | 2004 | 15143050 |
| cytophaga-flavobacterium gliding motility. | flavobacterium johnsoniae, like many other members of the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides group, displays rapid gliding motility. cells of f. johnsoniae glide over surfaces at rates of up to 10 microm/s. latex spheres added to f. johnsoniae bind to and are rapidly propelled along cells, suggesting that adhesive molecules move laterally along the cell surface during gliding. genetic analyses have identified a number of gld genes that are required for gliding. three gld proteins are thought t ... | 2004 | 15170404 |
| competition for polymers among heterotrophic bacteria, isolated from particles of the equatorial atlantic. | three heterotrophic bacterial strains, isolated from organic particles of the upper water column of the equatorial atlantic, taken during a cruise on the r/v meteor (1997), were investigated concerning their physiological and phylogenetic properties using classic microbiological and modern molecular-biological methods. all isolates are gram-negative rods able to use polymers such as cellulose, chitin or starch as sole carbon source. the phylogeny of these isolates was investigated by fluorescenc ... | 2004 | 15179602 |
| signature sequences in diverse proteins provide evidence for the late divergence of the order aquificales. | the aquificales species are presently believed to be the earliest branching lineage within bacteria. however, the branching order of this group in different phylogenetic trees is highly variable and not resolved. in the present work, the phylogenetic placement of aquificales was examined by means of a cladistic approach based on the shared presence or absence of definite signature sequences (consisting of conserved inserts or deletions) in many highly conserved and important proteins, e.g. rna p ... | 2004 | 15179606 |
| evolution of bacterial rna polymerase: implications for large-scale bacterial phylogeny, domain accretion, and horizontal gene transfer. | comparative analysis of the domain architectures of the beta, beta', and sigma(70) subunits of bacterial dna-dependent rna polymerases (ddrp), combined with sequence-based phylogenetic analysis, revealed a fundamental split among bacteria. dna-dependent rna polymerase subunits of group i, which includes proteobacteria, aquifex, chlamydia, spirochaetes, cytophaga-chlorobium, and planctomycetes, are characterized by three distinct inserts, namely a sandwich barrel hybrid motif domain in the beta s ... | 2004 | 15194191 |
| biological hydrogen production using a membrane bioreactor. | a cross-flow membrane was coupled to a chemostat to create an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (mbr) for biological hydrogen production. the reactor was fed glucose (10,000 mg/l) and inoculated with a soil inoculum heat-treated to kill non-spore-forming methanogens. hydrogen gas was consistently produced at a concentration of 57-60% in the headspace under all conditions. when operated in chemostat mode (no flow through the membrane) at a hydraulic retention time (hrt) of 3.3 h, 90% of the glucose w ... | 2004 | 15211496 |
| diversity and cold-active hydrolytic enzymes of culturable bacteria associated with arctic sea ice, spitzbergen. | the diversity of culturable bacteria associated with sea ice from four permanently cold fjords of spitzbergen, arctic ocean, was investigated. a total of 116 psychrophilic and psychrotolerant strains were isolated under aerobic conditions at 4 degrees c. the isolates were grouped using amplified rdna restriction analysis fingerprinting and identified by partial sequencing of 16s rrna gene. the bacterial isolates fell in five phylogenetic groups: subclasses alpha and gamma of proteobacteria, the ... | 2004 | 15252724 |
| increased fecundity associated with infection by a cytophaga-like intracellular bacterium in the predatory mite, metaseiulus occidentalis. | the endosymbiont wolbachia has gained widespread notoriety over the past decade because of its high infection frequency among arthropods, and the unique heterogeneity of the host reproductive effects that it has been implicated as causing to enhance its own spread. recently, another endosymbiotic bacterium from the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides phylum has been shown to be widespread among arthropods and manipulate its hosts' reproduction to enhance its own spread. we show that infection b ... | 2004 | 15252981 |
| bacterial diversity in malan ice core from the tibetan plateau. | three ice core samples were collected from the malan ice core drilled from the tibetan plateau, and three 16s rdna clone libraries by direct amplification from the ice-melted water were established. ninety-four clones containing bacterial 16s rdna inserts were selected. according to restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis, 11 clones were unique in the library from which they were obtained and used for partial sequence and phylogenetic analysis, and compared with 8 reported sequences fr ... | 2004 | 15259767 |
| multiple displacement amplification in combination with high-fidelity pcr improves detection of bacteria from single females or eggs of metaseiulus occidentalis (nesbitt) (acari: phytoseiidae). | amplifying microbial dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from single phytoseiid mites has been difficult, perhaps due to the low titer of bacteria and to interference by the relatively larger amounts of mite genomic dna. in this paper we evaluate the efficiency of standard and high-fidelity pcr protocols subsequent to amplification of the whole genome by a multiple displacement amplification (mda) procedure developed by dean et al. dna from the phytoseiid phytoseiulus persimilis (athias-h ... | 2004 | 15261775 |
| use of microautoradiography combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization to determine dimethylsulfoniopropionate incorporation by marine bacterioplankton taxa. | the fraction of planktonic heterotrophic bacteria capable of incorporating dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate (dmsp) and leucine was determined at two coastal sites by microautoradioagraphy (au). in gulf of mexico seawater microcosm experiments, the proportion of prokaryotes that incorporated sulfur from [(35)s]dmsp ranged between 27 and 51% of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi)-positive cells, similar to or slightly lower than the proportion incorporating [(3)h]leucine. in the northwest med ... | 2004 | 15294798 |
| alkaliflexus imshenetskii gen. nov. sp. nov., a new alkaliphilic gliding carbohydrate-fermenting bacterium with propionate formation from a soda lake. | anaerobic saccharolytic bacteria thriving at high ph values were studied in a cellulose-degrading enrichment culture originating from the alkaline lake, verkhneye beloye (central asia). in situ hybridization of the enrichment culture with 16s rrna-targeted probes revealed that abundant, long, thin, rod-shaped cells were related to cytophaga. bacteria of this type were isolated with cellobiose and five isolates were characterized. isolates were thin, flexible, gliding rods. they formed a spherica ... | 2004 | 15340778 |
| quantifying 3h-thymidine incorporation rates by a phylogenetically defined group of marine planktonic bacteria (bacteriodetes phylum). | the rate of [(3)h-methyl] thymidine ((3)h-tdr) incorporation into dna has been applied extensively to measure cell production by bacterial communities in aquatic environments. here we describe a method to quantify (3)h-tdr incorporation by specific, phylogenetically defined members of the bacterial community. the method involves selectively capturing dna from targeted groups of bacteria and then quantifying its (3)h radioactivity. the method was applied to measure (3)h-tdr incorporation by the m ... | 2004 | 15344931 |
| hongiella marincola sp. nov., isolated from sea water of the east sea in korea. | two gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strains, sw-2t and sw-26, were isolated from sea water of the east sea in korea. these organisms grew optimally at 37 degrees c and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) nacl. they did not grow without nacl or in the presence of >9 % (w/v) nacl. strains sw-2t and sw-26 were characterized chemotaxonomically as having mk-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and iso-c(15 : 0) as the major fatty acid. the dna g + c content of strains sw-2t and ... | 2004 | 15388753 |
| bacterial community associated with black band disease in corals. | black band disease (bbd) is a virulent polymicrobial disease primarily affecting massive-framework-building species of scleractinian corals. while it has been well established that the bbd bacterial mat is dominated by a cyanobacterium, the quantitative composition of the bbd bacterial mat community has not described previously. terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis was used to characterize the infectious bacterial community of the bacterial mat causing bbd. these a ... | 2004 | 15466538 |
| flow sorting of marine bacterioplankton after fluorescence in situ hybridization. | we describe an approach to sort cells from coastal north sea bacterioplankton by flow cytometry after in situ hybridization with rrna-targeted horseradish peroxidase-labeled oligonucleotide probes and catalyzed fluorescent reporter deposition (card-fish). in a sample from spring 2003 >90% of the cells were detected by card-fish with a bacterial probe (eub338). approximately 30% of the microbial assemblage was affiliated with the cytophaga-flavobacterium lineage of the bacteroidetes (cfb group) ( ... | 2004 | 15466568 |
| bloom of filamentous bacteria in a mesotrophic lake: identity and potential controlling mechanism. | ephemeral blooms of filamentous bacteria are a common phenomenon in the water column of oligo- to mesotrophic lakes. it is assumed that the appearance of such morphotypes is favored by selective predation of bacterivorous protists and that filter-feeding zooplankton plays a major role in suppressing these bacteria. the phylogenetic affiliation of the important bloom-forming filamentous bacteria in freshwaters is presently unknown. here we report the identification of dominant members of a filame ... | 2004 | 15466575 |
| microbial community structure in a thermophilic anaerobic hybrid reactor degrading terephthalate. | a thermophilic terephthalate-degrading methanogenic consortium was successfully enriched for 272 days in an anaerobic hybrid reactor, and the microbial structure was characterized using terminal rflps, clone libraries and fluorescence in-situ hybridization with rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes. all the results suggested that methanothrix thermophila-related methanogens, desulfotomaculum-related bacterial populations in the gram-positive low-g + c group, and op5-related populations were the k ... | 2004 | 15470120 |
| a phylogenetic analysis of wadi el natrun soda lake cellulase enrichment cultures and identification of cellulase genes from these cultures. | samples of sediments and surrounding soda soils (ss) from the extremely saline and alkaline lakes of the wadi el natrun in the libyan desert, egypt, were obtained in october 2000. anaerobic enrichment cultures were grown from these samples, dna isolated, and the bacterial diversity assessed by 16s rrna gene clone analysis. clones derived from lake sediments (ls) most closely matched clostridium spp., natronoincola histidinovorans, halocella cellulolytica, bacillus spp., and the cytophaga-flexiba ... | 2004 | 15480866 |
| novel sulfonolipid in the extremely halophilic bacterium salinibacter ruber. | salinibacter ruber is an extremely halophilic bacterium, phylogenetically affiliated with the flavobacterium/cytophaga branch of the domain bacteria. electrospray mass analyses (negative ion) of the total lipid extract of a pure culture of s. ruber shows a characteristic peak at m/z 660 as the most prominent peak in the high-mass range of the spectrum. a novel sulfonolipid, giving rise to the molecular ion [m-h]- of m/z 660, has been identified. the sulfonolipid isolated and purified by thin-lay ... | 2004 | 15528534 |
| influence of an oyster reef on development of the microbial heterotrophic community of an estuarine biofilm. | we characterized microbial biofilm communities developed over two very closely located but distinct benthic habitats in the pensacola bay estuary using two complementary cultivation-independent molecular techniques. biofilms were grown for 7 days on glass slides held in racks 10 to 15 cm over an oyster reef and an adjacent muddy sand bottom. total biomass and optical densities of dried biofilms showed dramatic differences for oyster reef versus non-oyster reef biofilms. this study assessed wheth ... | 2004 | 15528551 |
| soil microbial counts and identification of culturable bacteria in an extreme by arid zone. | sixteen samples of two soil cores (about 550 and 180 cm in depth) were drilled at intervals in the lower reach of heihe river basin (northwest of china) in order to illustrate soil microbial characteristics and diversity of culturable bacteria in an extreme by arid environment. soil water content, organic matter, total nitrogen, ph, direct cell counts, and culturable microorganism counts were evaluated. the total cell concentration was 19-1120/microg (i.e. 0.19-11.2 x 10(8) per g) soil, the cult ... | 2004 | 15530008 |
| 16s rdna library-based analysis of ruminal bacterial diversity. | bacterial 16s rdna sequence data, incorporating sequences > 1 kb, were retrieved from published rumen library studies and public databases, then were combined and analysed to assess the diversity of the rumen microbial ecosystem as indicated by the pooled data. low g+c gram positive bacteria (54%) and the cytophaga-flexibacter-bacteroides (40%) phyla were most abundantly represented. the diversity inferred by combining the datasets was much wider than inferred by individual studies, most likely ... | 2004 | 15539930 |
| aquiflexum balticum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium of the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides group isolated from surface water of the central baltic sea. | a bacterial isolate from the baltic sea, ba160(t), was characterized for its physiological and biochemical features, fatty acid profile, g+c content and phylogenetic position based on 16s rrna gene sequences. the strain was isolated from the surface water of the central baltic sea during the decay of a plankton bloom. phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rrna gene sequence revealed a clear affiliation with the family 'flexibacteraceae', and showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with the speci ... | 2004 | 15545480 |
| biological soil crusts of sand dunes in cape cod national seashore, massachusetts, usa. | biological soil crusts cover hundreds of hectares of sand dunes at the northern tip of cape cod national seashore (massachusetts, usa). although the presence of crusts in this habitat has long been recognized, neither the organisms nor their ecological roles have been described. in this study, we report on the microbial community composition of crusts from this region and describe several of their physical and chemical attributes that bear on their environmental role. microscopic and molecular a ... | 2004 | 15546040 |
| fatty acid profiling of microbial community during aging of mucilaginous aggregates in the northern adriatic. | aggregates differing in size and phytoplankton community composition were sampled in winter/spring 2001 and summer 1997 and 2002 (during mucilaginous event) in the northern adriatic sea. the fatty acid profiles (fame) were determined in aggregates, bacterial population was grown from each aggregate and each bacterial isolate from aggregate's plated cultures. all aggregates irrespective of the season, aggregate size or phytoplankton community composition contained isolates from three distinct gro ... | 2005 | 15589252 |
| the modular xylanase xyn10a from rhodothermus marinus is cell-attached, and its c-terminal domain has several putative homologues among cell-attached proteins within the phylum bacteroidetes. | until recently, the function of the fifth domain of the thermostable modular xylanase xyn10a from rhodothermus marinus was unresolved. a putative homologue to this domain was however identified in a mannanase (man26a) from the same microorganism which raised questions regarding a common function. an extensive search of all accessible data-bases as well as the partially sequenced genomes of r. marinus and cytophaga hutchinsonii showed that homologues of this domain were encoded by multiple genes ... | 2004 | 15598538 |
| molecular phylogenetic diversity of bacteria associated with the leachate of a closed municipal solid waste landfill. | a 16s rdna-based molecular study was performed to determine the nature of the bacterial constituents of the leachate from a closed municipal solid waste landfill. total community dna was extracted and bacterial 16s rrna genes were subsequently amplified and cloned. recombinant rdna clones in the library were randomly selected, and they were sequenced for a single run and then grouped. a total of 76 sequence types representing 138 randomly selected nonchimeric clones were identified. full-length ... | 2005 | 15621451 |
| monitoring of bacterial community in a coniferous forest soil after a wildfire. | changes in the soil bacterial community of a coniferous forest were analyzed to assess microbial responses to wildfire. soil samples were collected from three different depths in lightly and severely burned areas, as well as a nearby unburned control area. direct bacterial counts ranged from 3.3-22.6 x 10(8) cells/(g.soil). in surface soil, direct bacterial counts of unburned soil exhibited a great degree of fluctuation. those in lightly burned soil changed less, but no significant variation was ... | 2004 | 15650683 |
| monitoring of soil bacterial community and some inoculated bacteria after prescribed fire in microcosm. | the soil bacterial community and some inoculated bacteria were monitored to assess the microbial responses to prescribed fire in their microcosm. an acridine orange direct count of the bacteria in the unburned control soil were maintained at a relatively stable level (2.0 approximately 2.7 x 10(9) cells/g(-1).soil) during the 180 day study period. the number of bacteria in the surface soil was decreased by fire, but was restored after 3 months. inoculation of some bacteria increased the number o ... | 2004 | 15650684 |
| description of aquimarina muelleri gen. nov., sp. nov., and proposal of the reclassification of [cytophaga] latercula lewin 1969 as stanierella latercula gen. nov., comb. nov. | the taxonomic position of three novel sea-water isolates was determined. the strains studied were strictly aerobic, heterotrophic, pigmented, motile by gliding, gram-negative and oxidase-, catalase-, beta-galactosidase- and alkaline phosphatase-positive. 16s rrna gene sequence phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strains kmm 6020t, kmm 6021 and kmm 6028 occupied a distinct lineage within the family flavobacteriaceae. the major respiratory quinone was mk-6. the predominant fatty acids were i1 ... | 2005 | 15653878 |
| the microbial community structure of different permeable sandy sediments characterized by the investigation of bacterial fatty acids and fluorescence in situ hybridization. | this study describes the microbial community structure of three sandy sediment stations that differed with respect to median grain size and permeability in the german bight of the southern north sea. the microbial community was investigated using lipid biomarker analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization. for further characterization we determined the stable carbon isotope composition of the biomarkers. biomarkers identified belong to different bacterial groups such as members of the cytoph ... | 2005 | 15658995 |
| characterization of the roka and hexa broad-substrate-specificity hexokinases from bacteroides fragilis and their role in hexose and n-acetylglucosamine utilization. | bacteroides fragilis, a human gastrointestinal commensal and an opportunistic pathogen, utilizes simple and complex sugars and polysaccharides for growth in the large intestine and at sites of infection. because b. fragilis lacks transport-linked sugar phosphorylation systems, cytoplasmic kinase(s) was expected to be required for the phosphorylation of hexoses and hexosamines. we have now identified two hexose kinases that are important for growth of b. fragilis on glucose, mannose, and other su ... | 2005 | 15659667 |
| links between phytoplankton and bacterial community dynamics in a coastal marine environment. | bacteria and phytoplankton dynamics are thought to be closely linked in coastal marine environments, with correlations frequently observed between bacterial and phytoplankton biomass. in contrast, little is known about how these communities interact with each other at the species composition level. the purpose of the current study was to analyze bacterial community dynamics in a productive, coastal ecosystem and to determine whether they were related to phytoplankton community dynamics. near-sur ... | 2005 | 15688258 |
| structure of sediment-associated microbial communities along a heavy-metal contamination gradient in the marine environment. | microbial community composition and structure were characterized in marine sediments contaminated for >80 years with cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc. four sampling sites that encompass a wide range of sediment metal loads were compared in a norwegian fjord (sorfjord). hcl-extractable metals and organic matter constantly decreased from the most contaminated site (s1) to the control site (s4). all sampling sites presented low polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) concentrations (sigma(7)pcb < 7.0 ng g [d ... | 2005 | 15691917 |
| bacterial population association with phytoplankton cultured in a bivalve hatchery. | bacterial populations association with phytoplankton cultures used as food for bivalve larvae were enumerated and identified from their partial 16s rdna gene sequences. microalgae were provided from different european hatcheries during the larval production season. average concentration (direct counts) of bacteria ranged from 1.3 x 10(5) to 5.3 x 10(8) ml(-1) while culturable bacteria represented from 10% to >60% of total bacteria. in most cases, three to six representatives of each type of colo ... | 2004 | 15692860 |
| a shallow btex and mtbe contaminated aquifer supports a diverse microbial community. | microbial communities in subsurface environments are poorly characterized and the impacts of anthropogenic contamination on their structure and function have not been adequately addressed. the release of contaminant(s) to a previously unexposed environment is often hypothesized to decrease the diversity of the affected community. we characterized the structure of microbial communities along a gradient of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (btex) and methyl-tert-butyl-ether (mtbe) contami ... | 2004 | 15696392 |
| microbial community analysis and performance of a phosphate-removing activated sludge. | the microbial community of a phosphate-removing activated sludge was analyzed according to the extracted 16s rdna sequences. the sludge, which accumulated 5.6% p by weight, was obtained from a sequencing batch reactor treating a fatty-acid rich wastewater containing 108 mg l(-1) total organic carbon (toc), 14.0 mg l(-1) n and 16.2 mg l(-1) p. the reactor at 25 degrees c and ph 7.6 removed over 96% toc and 99.9% p from the wastewater. according to the 16s rdna analysis of the 114 clones developed ... | 2005 | 15734306 |
| distribution of two triamines, spermidine and homospermidine, and an aromatic amine, 2-phenylethylamine, within the phylum bacteroidetes. | cellular polyamines of the newly additional 19 species belonging to the class bacteroides of the phylum bacteroidetes were analyzed by hplc to display polyamine distribution as a chemotaxonomic marker within the total 41 species. three profiles, the presence of spermidine, the presence of homospermidine and the absence of both triamines, corresponded to their phylogenetical positions within the four families of the class. the occurrence of an aromatic amine, 2-phenylethylamine, extracted into ce ... | 2004 | 15747230 |
| polysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from paper machine slime deposits. | development of novel enzymatic methods for slime deposit control in paper mills requires knowledge of polysaccharide-producing organisms and the polysaccharide structures present in deposits. in this work, 27 polysaccharide-producing bacteria were isolated from slime samples collected from different parts of a paper machine. most of the isolates produced polysaccharides in liquid culture and nine of them were selected for production of polysaccharides for characterisation. the selected isolates ... | 2005 | 15750806 |
| evaluation of candidate probiotic strains for gilthead sea bream larvae (sparus aurata) using an in vivo approach. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six bacterial strains on gilthead sea bream larvae (sparus aurata). | 2005 | 15752217 |
| the diversity of culturable organotrophic bacteria from local solar salterns. | we isolated and cultured bacteria inhabiting solar saltern ponds in taean-gun, chungnam province, korea. all of the isolated 64 strains were found to be moderately halophilic bacteria, growing in a salt range of 2-20 %, with an optimal concentration of 5% salt. bacterial diversity among the isolated halophiles was evaluated via rflp analyses of pcr-amplified 16s rdnas, followed by phylogenetic analysis of the partial 16s rdna sequences. the combination of restriction enzyme digestions with haeii ... | 2005 | 15765050 |
| [hydrolytic activity of marine bacteria associated with the mussel mytilus trossulus]. | the ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes--dnases, rnases, alkaline phosphatases, chitinases has been studied in 316 strains of bacteria isolated from mussel mytilus trossulus. strains of vibrio spp. produced all the spectrum of examined enzymes, bacteria of pseudoalteromonas genus produced alkaline phosphatase and dnase. chitin-degrading enzymes were found in vibrio and cytophaga--flavobacterium--bacteroides group. bacillus and vibrio spp. strains produced most actively rnases. the presence of ... | 2005 | 15765877 |
| adhaeribacter aquaticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a gram-negative isolate from a potable water biofilm. | a gram-negative bacterium was isolated from a freshwater biofilm developed on a stainless steel surface under a fluid velocity of 0.26 m s(-1). the strain, mbrg1.5(t), was cultivated on r2a agar and formed pink colonies. light microscopy and negative staining in a transmission electron microscope showed that the cells were rod-shaped, approximately 2.8-4.1 microm long by 0.9-1.7 microm wide in size and produced large quantities of extracellular fibrillar material. additionally, following growth ... | 2005 | 15774669 |
| marinicola seohaensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from sea water of the yellow sea, korea. | a gram-negative, non-flagellated, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, sw-152(t), was isolated from sea water of the yellow sea in korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. strain sw-152(t) grew optimally at 30 degrees c and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) nacl. it contained mk-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-c(15 : 0) and iso-c(15 : 1) as the major fatty acids. polar lipids detected in strain sw-152(t) were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and u ... | 2005 | 15774675 |
| incorporation of glucose under anoxic conditions by bacterioplankton from coastal north sea surface waters. | it has been hypothesized that the potential for anaerobic metabolism might be a common feature of bacteria in coastal marine waters (l. riemann and f. azam, appl. environ. microbiol. 68: 5554-5562, 2002). therefore, we investigated whether different phylogenetic groups of heterotrophic picoplankton from the coastal north sea were able to take up a simple carbon source under anoxic conditions. oxic and anoxic incubations (4 h) or enrichments (24 h) of seawater with radiolabeled glucose were perfo ... | 2005 | 15811993 |