| high level expression of the capsid protein of hepatitis e virus in diverse eukaryotic cells using the semliki forest virus replicon. | the capsid protein of hepatitis e virus (hev) is encoded by open reading frame 2 (orf 2) and exhibits variable processing when expressed in insect and cos cells, but nothing is known of its processing in cells relevant to its replication. the full-length orf 2 protein was expressed at high levels in mammalian cells by insertion of orf 2 in the semliki forest virus (sfv) replicon to generate rsfv/hev orf 2k. expression of the capsid protein was detected readily by metabolic labelling and indirect ... | 1997 | 9504754 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e antibodies in healthy persons in southern italy. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of hev antibodies in blood donors and in healthy persons in calabria (italy). an age-stratified sample of blood from donors was drawn at a regional transfusion service. sixty persons were enrolled for each of the following age-groups: 18-20, 21-30, 41-50, 51-60, > 60 years, whereas 61 persons were enrolled in the 31-40 age-group. in the oldest age-group 38 subjects were enrolled among healthy subjects attending an outpatient clinic. partici ... | 1998 | 9505177 |
| genotyping of hepatitis e virus in clinical specimens by restriction endonuclease analysis. | the genomic variability of hepatitis e virus (hev) was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) of four genomic cdna copies comprising a 499 bp segment of the putative polymerase gene, a 264 bp segment of the helicase gene, and two, 680 bp and 448 bp, segments of the capsid gene. analysis of the deduced restriction sites of all 27 hev sequences currently available in the genbank, and digestion of reverse-transcribed and nested pcr amplified segments obtained from six nepali isolates w ... | 1998 | 9506814 |
| is hepatitis e virus transfusion-transmitted to children? | | 1997 | 9510932 |
| association of hepatitis e virus with an outbreak of hepatitis at a military training camp in nepal. | from 29 january 1995 to 15 march 1995, an outbreak of hepatitis occurred among 692 soldiers at an isolated training camp 25 km east of kathmandu. thirty-two cases occurred approximately 8 weeks after arrival of soldiers at the camp. to determine the etiology of the outbreak, patient sera were examined for evidence of infection with hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kits. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect h ... | 1998 | 9515765 |
| the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a novel hepatitis e virus isolated from a patient with acute hepatitis reported in the united states. | a variant of hepatitis e virus (hev), designated hev us-1, was identified in a hepatitis patient in the united states (us); the patient had no history of travel to areas where hev is endemic. nucleotide sequences were obtained from the 5' end of open reading frame (orf) 1 (1418 nt), the 3' end of orf1 (1359 nt), the entire orf2 and orf3 regions, and the 3'-untranslated region (2127 nt). the hev us-1 strain is significantly divergent from other human hev isolates with nucleotide identities rangin ... | 1998 | 9519822 |
| role of hepatitis e virus in sporadic cases of acute and fulminant hepatitis in an endemic area (chad). | forty-one patients with acute or fulminant hepatitis and 86 control patients were entered into a study of sporadic, acute, and fulminant hepatitis in the n'djamena area of chad in 1993. acute hepatitis b was diagnosed in nine (22%) patients and acute hepatitis e in 27 (66%) patients. no acute hepatitis a was observed and 10% of the patients had serologic markers of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. dual acute hepatitis b and e were observed in four patients (10%) and acute hev infection was ass ... | 1998 | 9546413 |
| role of long-persisting human hepatitis e virus antibodies in protection. | the role of long-persisting hev antibodies in humans was investigated. a well-characterized human volunteer anti-hev (igg) after 4 years of the recovery of the disease was passively immunized (200 mg kg-1 body wt) intramuscularly into three rhesus monkeys (nos 7, 8 and 9), while two monkeys (nos 5 and 6) were injected with normal immunoglobulin preparation (negative for anti-hev igg). at 16 h later all the animals were challenged intravenously with live hev, as 10% stool extract prepared from th ... | 1998 | 9562697 |
| the impact of traveling to endemic areas on the spread of hepatitis e virus infection: epidemiological and molecular analyses. | traveling to endemic areas carries a risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection, but no molecular analysis to document sources of infection is available. eighteen (38%) of 47 patients with acute non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis were positive for antibody to hev (anti-hev), and 9 (50%) of these were also positive for serum hev rna by polymerase chain reaction following reverse transcription. only 1 (5%) of the 21 patients with acute hepatitis a was positive for hev rna. travel to endemic areas (mostl ... | 1998 | 9581700 |
| elevated hepatitis a and e seroprevalence rates in a texas/mexico border community. | two seroprevalence studies of viral hepatitis a and hepatitis e were conducted in el paso, tex, and cd juárez, mexico. subjects were randomly selected, low-income pregnant women. blood from 557 women in el paso and 307 women in cd juárez, obtained from routine prenatal testing, was analyzed for antibodies to hepatitis a and hepatitis e. women from both cities showed high seroprevalence rates of hepatitis a (75.8% in el paso and 96.1% in cd juárez). rates increased significantly by age, with 100% ... | 1998 | 9595956 |
| comparison of tests for antibody to hepatitis e virus. | the results of serologic tests for hepatitis e virus have varied widely from laboratory to laboratory, making interpretation of seroepidemiologic studies difficult. the present study compares serologic results with different antigens and tests developed in two laboratories for their ability to diagnose hepatitis e and measure antibody prevalence in a high risk population in saudi arabia. the results confirm that tests based upon open reading frame (orf) 3 of hev are of limited value for seroepid ... | 1998 | 9598934 |
| outbreak of viral hepatitis b in a rural community in india linked to inadequately sterilized needles and syringes. | in india, virtually all outbreaks of viral hepatitis are considered to be due to faeco-orally transmitted hepatitis e virus. recently, a cluster of 15 cases of viral hepatitis b was found in three villages in gujarat state. the cases were epidemiologically linked to the use of inadequately sterilized needles and syringes by a local unqualified medical practitioner. the outbreak evolved slowly over a period of 3 months and was marked by a high case fatality rate (46.7%), probably because of concu ... | 1998 | 9615501 |
| experimental african hev infection in cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis). | experimental infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) from africa has not been investigated. our purpose was to study hepatitis e produced by hev from chad (north africa) and to analyze the genetic sequence of the hev obtained after animal passage. an hev-containing fecal sample from chad was intravenously inoculated in four cynomolgus macaques. when serum alanine amino transferase (alt) levels rose, open liver biopsy and bile aspiration were performed. in all the monkeys, an alt rise occurred 25 ... | 1998 | 9624606 |
| hepatitis e virus infection: where are we? | | 1998 | 9624862 |
| hepatitis associated with hepatitis a superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis c. | | 1998 | 9625638 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e virus in male blood donors in jeddah, saudi arabia. | to our knowledge, only a few epidemiological reports on the prevalence of hepatitis e antibodies in saudi blood donors have been published. men of several nationalities, donating blood at king khalid national guard hospital (jeddah, saudi arabia) were selected (n = 593) for this study examining the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in the local male donor population and testing the relationship of the antibody to hev (anti-hev) to donor characteristics using odds ratio (or) and chi-squar ... | 1998 | 9638024 |
| role of immune serum globulins in pregnant women during an epidemic of hepatitis e. | the efficacy of an indian preparation of immune serum globulins (isg) was evaluated among pregnant women during an epidemic of hepatitis e in karad, western india from january to march 1993. ten of 55 women receiving isg developed immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) during the 1 month of follow-up compared with 18 out of 53 control subjects. although the total number of recent hev infections was significantly less in the isg-treated group, no significant difference ... | 1998 | 9658374 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus among united nations mission in haiti (unmih) peacekeepers, 1995. | information about the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is sparse in many countries. following the identification of four cases of acute hev infection among bangladeshi soldiers, a serologic survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of hev infection among other peacekeepers from the united nations mission in haiti (unmih) and haitian civilians. of the 981 participants in the survey, 876 were soldiers from eight unmih-participating countries representing asia, africa, and the ... | 1998 | 9660454 |
| antibodies to hepatitis e virus among several populations in greece: increased prevalence in an hemodialysis unit. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been found to be the causative agent of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in tropical and subtropical countries. several investigators, however, have indicated that hev could be endemic in europe, albeit at a low prevalence. | 1998 | 9661693 |
| identification of a novel strain of hepatitis e virus responsible for sporadic acute hepatitis in taiwan. | hepatitis caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev) is a self-limited disease and occurs most frequently as epidemic or sporadic hepatitis in developing countries. the role of hev in sporadic acute hepatitis in areas without a history of hepatitis e epidemics is obscure. recently, it was found that more than 10% of the patients with acute non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis in taiwan were associated with an acute hev infection. nucleotide sequences of the regions within the first open reading frame of hev ... | 1998 | 9661839 |
| sequence analysis of the hendra virus nucleoprotein gene: comparison with other members of the subfamily paramyxovirinae. | the nucleoprotein (n) gene of hendra virus (hev), an unclassified member of subfamily paramyxovirinae in the family paramyxoviridae previously known as equine morbillivirus, was cloned and sequenced. the majority of the deduced amino acid sequence was further confirmed by direct sequencing of peptide fragments of the n protein derived from purified virions. the 3' untranslated sequence of the hev n gene mrna was 568 nt and was much longer than that observed in other paramyxovirinae. the n protei ... | 1998 | 9680142 |
| hepatitis e in india. | institute of pediatric gastroenterology is superspecialised referral institute for all pediatric gastroenterological diseases from all over the country and for adjoining countries. we have our data and experience on 10,500 cases of proven hepatitis e (hev) in pediatric population. hev is non-enveloped 27-30 nm diameter rna virus, prototype for alpha-like supergroup of positive stranded rna virus. indian hev strain has 97% nucleotide and 98% amino acid sequence identity with chinese strains but m ... | 1998 | 9684519 |
| etiologic considerations of fulminant non-a, non-b viral hepatitis in japan: analyses by nucleic acid amplification method. | the etiology of fulminant non-a, non-b hepatitis has remained unclear, even after the identification of hepatitis c and e viruses. to study the possible involvement of hepatitis b, c, d, and e virus infections, viral genomes were amplified by a sensitive polymerase chain reaction method in sera and liver tissues obtained from 20 patients serologically diagnosed with non-a, non-b fulminant hepatitis (n = 14), acute hepatitis severe type (n = 2), and ordinary acute hepatitis (n = 4). hepatitis c o ... | 1998 | 9697711 |
| the hepatitis e virus. | | 1993 | 9702257 |
| infectious bursal disease and hemorrhagic enteritis. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) of chickens and hemorrhagic enteritis (he) of turkeys are caused by infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev), respectively. both diseases have common features, including an acute stage followed by immunosuppression, resulting in lowered resistance to a variety of infectious agents and poor response to commonly used vaccines. the ibdv and hev infections are widespread in commercial chicken and turkey flocks, respectively. the acu ... | 1998 | 9706087 |
| hepatitis e virus and systemic sclerosis. | | 1998 | 9709473 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in eastern india. | most cases of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis in india have so far been attributed to hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. most of the documented studies of hepatitis have focused on the incidence of this disease in northern, western, and south central india. a small seroprevalence study was conducted in the eastern indian city of patna to assess the degree of hev infection among acute sporadic hepatitis cases. forty-two percent (24 of 57) of the cases of acute sporadic hepatitis we ... | 1998 | 9715942 |
| experimental infection of pigs with the newly identified swine hepatitis e virus (swine hev), but not with human strains of hev. | a novel virus of pigs, swine hepatitis e virus (swine hev), was recently identified and shown to be antigenically and genetically related to human hev. in the present study, we attempted to infect specific-pathogen-free (spf) pigs experimentally with swine hev or with human strains of hev. serum samples collected from naturally infected pigs were used as the source of swine hev. pigs inoculated intravenously with serum samples containing swine hev seroconverted to anti-hev 4 to 8 weeks postinocu ... | 1998 | 9722883 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibody in hemodialysis patients. | | 1998 | 9730711 |
| [viral contamination of food products: a poorly understood public health problem]. | throughout the world there have been several epidemics of food-borne diseases (fbd) about which there is lack of sufficient information for public health institutions to take appropriate measures. this study was conducted for the purpose of contributing to the dissemination of information on these diseases and their etiologic agents, epidemiology, and control. the study was based on data from 61 sources, including review articles, reports of outbreaks, and databases. results reveal considerable ... | 1998 | 9734216 |
| [acute autochtonus hepatitis e in lorraine]. | | 1998 | 9762200 |
| [partial nucleotide sequencing of 7 hepatitis e virus strains isolated from sera of patients with acute sporadic hepatitis e in china]. | to compare partial nucleotide and amino acid sequences between epidemic and sporadic hepatitis e viruses (hev) in china and their relation to the frequency of hepatitis e (he). | 1997 | 9772511 |
| [a new case of acute hepatitis type e in france]. | | 1998 | 9775191 |
| the use of non-human primates as animal models for the study of hepatitis viruses. | hepatitis viruses belong to different families and have in common a striking hepatotropism and restrictions for propagation in cell culture. the transmissibility of hepatitis is in great part limited to non-human primates. enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses (hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus) can induce hepatitis in a number of old world and new world monkey species, while the host range of non-human primates susceptible to hepatitis viruses transmitted by the parenteral route (hepa ... | 1998 | 9777010 |
| hepatitis e virus rna detection in serum and feces specimens with the use of microspin columns. | this report describes the use of microspin columns for extraction of hepatitis e virus (hev) rna from stool and serum specimens for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and compares this method with the glass powder method. the microspin column method was found to be 1- to 2-log more sensitive in detecting hev rna than the glass powder method and had better reproducibility. the microspin column method also detected hev rna in a larger number of specimens than the glass powder ... | 1998 | 9779621 |
| a serological survey of human coronavirus in pigs of the tohoku district of japan. | a total of 2496 swine sera from 60 farms in the tohoku district of japan was examined for hemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibodies to human coronavirus (hcv), swine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) and bovine coronavirus (bcv). hi antibodies to hcv oc43 strain and hev 67n strain were highly prevalent with positivity rates of 91.4 and 82.1%, respectively, while the bcv kakegawa strain was 44.2% positive. farm d in miyagi prefecture showed the highest antibody titers to hcv oc43 s ... | 1998 | 9782320 |
| spread of swine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus from peripheral nerves to the cns. | swine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) strain 67n was inoculated into the sciatic nerve or the right leg crural muscle of rats. in both cases, the virus was isolated first from the caudal half of the spinal cord on day 2 after inoculation, and from the rostral half of the spinal cord and the brain on day 3. the virus titers in the brain reached a maximum when the infected rats developed cns symptoms on day 5. using confocal laser scanning microscope, fluorescent positive cells were ... | 1998 | 9782335 |
| the complete dna sequence and genome organization of the avian adenovirus, hemorrhagic enteritis virus. | hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) belongs to the adenoviridae family, a subgroup of adenoviruses (ads) that infect avian species. in this article, the complete dna sequence and the genome organization of the virus are described. the full-length of the genome was found to be 26,263 bp, shorter than the dna of any other ad described so far. the g + c content of the genome is 34.93%. there are short terminal repeats (39 bp), as described for other ads. genes were identified by comparison of the dna ... | 1998 | 9791022 |
| neutralization of different geographic strains of the hepatitis e virus with anti-hepatitis e virus-positive serum samples obtained from different sources. | a recently developed polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based cell culture neutralization assay was used to investigate cross-neutralization of known hepatitis e virus (hev) strains obtained from various hev-endemic regions of the world with different anti-hev-positive serum samples. serum specimens obtained from cynomolgus macaques experimentally infected with strains from burma, mexico, or pakistan cross-neutralized the infectivity of each strain as well as an isolate from morocco. serum samples ... | 1998 | 9791023 |
| characterization of a strain of infectious hepatitis e virus isolated from sewage in an area where hepatitis e is not endemic. | raw sewage samples from an area where hepatitis e is not endemic (barcelona, spain) were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-pcr followed by nested pcr. one of the 37 tested samples showed a positive result for hepatitis e virus (hev). the detected strain was amplified by inoculation into rhesus monkeys, and the course of the infection was studied by analyzing serological and biochemical parameters and by monitoring the presence of hev in serum and feces. fecal suspensions from the rhesus monkeys ... | 1998 | 9797311 |
| prevalence of igg-class antibodies against hepatitis e virus in a community of the southern amazon: a randomized survey. | | 1998 | 9797837 |
| acute jaundice in vientiane, lao people's democratic republic. | analysis of serum samples from patients with acute jaundice by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction testing provided the first profile of this condition in vientiane, lao pdr, in 1995 and 1996. in a case-control, hospital-based study, evidence of acute infections due to hepatitis a and b viruses was found in 14% and 10% of cases, respectively. hepatitis e virus, however, did not appear to contribute to clinically recognized acute jaundice. similarly, antibody ... | 1998 | 9798023 |
| anti-hev in dialysis and renal transplant patients in an endemic region in chile. | | 1998 | 9799076 |
| comparative pathogenesis of haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) infection in turkeys and chickens. | the pathogenesis of haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) infection in chickens 3-4 days post-infection was compared with that in turkeys. as expected, infected turkeys showed hev-specific lesions that included enlargement and mottling of the spleen, as well as haemorrhagic enteritis. in infected chickens, only splenomegaly was observed. the number of hev-infected cells in the spleen was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the turkey than in the chicken. in both species, the immunohistochemical labe ... | 1998 | 9807727 |
| genetic and experimental evidence for cross-species infection by swine hepatitis e virus. | prior to the recent discovery of the swine hepatitis e virus (swine hev) in pigs from the midwestern united states, hev was not considered endemic to this country. since swine hev is antigenically and genetically related to human strains of hev, it was important to characterize this new virus further. the infectivity titer of a pool of swine hev in pigs was determined in order to prepare a standardized reagent and to evaluate the dose response in pigs. although the sequence of swine hev varied e ... | 1998 | 9811705 |
| [a study on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hepatitis e in tianjin area]. | using elisa to analyse 192 patients with hepatitis e (he) on their clinical and epidemiologyic characteristics, in tianjin area. result showed that 20 percent of the total patients diagnosed as viral hepatitis diseases belonged to he. the majority of he patients was middle-aged male with .78.6 percent of them infected through alimentary canal. five of them (2.6%) had a history of recent blood transfusion. the clinical picture of he was similar to ha, showing only the increase of alt and bil, but ... | 1997 | 9812486 |
| illness in journalists and relief workers involved in international humanitarian assistance efforts in somalia, 1992-93. | background: journalists and relief workers participating in international relief efforts in somalia following the intervention of outside armed forces in late 1992, were faced with a number of threats to their health. principally these threats were from endemic infectious diseases and trauma. methods: in-patient, emergency clinic, and laboratory records of u.s. military field hospitals, which provided the only available sophisticated medical care in somalia during most of the study period (decem ... | 1995 | 9815365 |
| prevalence of igg anti-hev in buenos aires, a nonendemic area for hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the main etiological agent for the enterically transmitted form of non-a, non-b hepatitis (et-nanb), and is associated with epidemic and sporadic forms of the disease,1 mainly in some developing countries.2 in argentina, no et-nanb hepatitis epidemics have been described, and no epidemiological hev data are known up to this time. the aim of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of anti-hev in different groups of the population of buenos aires, an area conside ... | 1997 | 9815490 |
| hepatitis and travel abroad: a case report. | several distinct infections are grouped as hepatitis. although they are similar in many ways, they differ in etiology and in some epidemiologic, immunologic, clinical and pathologic characteristics. as well, their prevention and control vary greatly. the case reported here is a patient who developed hepatitis during a visit to pakistan, then a second infection upon return to the uk. subsequent tests indicate that the first episode was probably due to hepatitis e virus (hev), an enterically trans ... | 1997 | 9815513 |
| the high rate of antibodies to hepatitis e virus in young, intravenous drug-abusers with acute hepatitis b-virus infection in a swedish community: a study of hepatitis markers in individuals with intravenously or sexually acquired hepatitis b-virus infection. | | 1998 | 9817531 |
| clinical and viral marker pattern of acute sporadic hepatitis in children in madras, south india. | one hundred and twenty-seven children who presented with features of acute hepatitis during the period february 1995 to january 1996 were studied. specific aetiologic agents were identified in 89 per cent. of these, 67.7 per cent were due to a single virus, whereas 21.3 per cent were due to two or more hepatitis viruses. hepatitis a virus (hav) was the sole infecting agent in 38.6 per cent of cases, hepatitis b virus (hbv) in 13.4 per cent of cases, and hepatitis e virus (hev) in 15.7 per cent o ... | 1998 | 9819489 |
| routes of transmission in the hepatitis e epidemic of saharanpur. | a large waterborne epidemic of hepatitis e occurred in the city of saharanpur (uttar pradesh, india) between december 1992 and april 1993. a random survey was conducted in the affected area of saharanpur. source of water supply, number of family members, number and characteristics of affected persons were noted. blood, stool and water samples were collected. the incidence of hepatitis was 14% in the affected area of the city. a total of 3682 individuals were affected with the disease. attack rat ... | 1998 | 9828709 |
| hepatitis e virus: complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a nepali isolate. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the nepali strain tk15/92 of hepatitis e (hev) was determined. it showed the highest sequence homology with the burmese b1 strain, but closer evolutionary relatedness to the indian strains. difficulties in reverse-transcribing and amplifying the hypervariable region in orf1 suggested that strong secondary structures might be intrinsically responsible for the high mutational rate observed in this region of the hev genome. | 1998 | 9833882 |
| the attachment protein of hendra virus has high structural similarity but limited primary sequence homology compared with viruses in the genus paramyxovirus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the attachment protein gene of hendra virus, a new member of the subfamily paramyxovirinae, has been determined from cdna clones derived from viral genomic rna. the deduced mrna is 2565 nucleotides long with one open reading frame encoding a protein of 604 amino acids, which is similar in size to the attachment protein of the members of the subfamily. however, the mrna transcript is >600 nucleotides longer than others in the subfamily due to the presence of lo ... | 1998 | 9837786 |
| sporadic hepatitis e in austria. | | 1998 | 9841331 |
| viral superinfection in previously unrecognized chronic carriers of hepatitis b virus with superimposed acute fulminant versus nonfulminant hepatitis. | the role of viral superinfection in hepatitis b surface antigen carriers with superimposed fulminant (n = 60) versus nonfulminant (n = 90) acute hepatitis was studied. the frequency of hepatitis a virus (hav) (0 versus 2.2%), hcv (18.3 versus 21.1%), hdv (15.0 versus 7.8%), and hev (1.7 versus 4.4%) infection showed no significant difference, while simultaneous hcv and hdv infection was significantly more prevalent in the former (8.3 versus 0%). only 3. 6% of fulminant cases and 3.3% of nonfulmi ... | 1999 | 9854101 |
| transmission of hepatitis e in germany. | | 1998 | 9861572 |
| [a study on viremia in patients with hepatitis e]. | hepatitis e virus rna (hev rna) was detected in 531 serial serum specimens collected from 62 hospitalized patients with hepatitis e by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) setting two pairs of primer from open reading frame 1 (orf1) to understand the process of hev infection more thoroughly. results showed that 71 percent of the patients were positive for hev rna. thirty-two of them with 288 serial serum specimens were followed up for the whole process, and 24 cases ( ... | 1997 | 9863070 |
| [a study on familial aggregation of hepatitis virus infection in fujian province]. | in nine disease surveillance points of fujian province, positive serum antibody against hepatitis a virus (anti-hav), hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), antibody against hepatitis cvirus (anti-hcv) and antibody against hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) in people of 1,237 families were determined and their distribution was analyzed to study familial aggregation of hepatitis virus infection by fitting to binomial distribution. results showed that chi 2 of goodness-of-fit to binomial distribution was ... | 1997 | 9863073 |
| [detection of the level of serum igg antibody to hepatitis e virus]. | the levels of serum igg antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev-igg) was detected in serum specimens from 50 patients with acute sporadic hepatitis e and 20 healthy donors who were positive for anti-hev-igg by elisa titration. the results showed that the level of anti-hev-igg in acute hepatitis e patients was significantly higher than that in healthy donors and the average titer is 1:121 and 1:22, respectively (p < 0.01). so acute viral hepatitis e should be diagnozed when the titer of anti-hev- ... | 1997 | 9868119 |
| hepatitis e virus: relevance in blood donors and other risk groups. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection usually causes an acute self-limited disease. hev is associated with feces-contaminated drinking water, but other vectors, such as blood, are possible. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hev in blood donors and in two groups at high risk of parenteral infections, namely, hemodialysis patients and children infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv) via blood transfusion. | 1998 | 9873261 |
| baculovirus expression of chimeric hepatitis b virus core particles with hepatitis e virus epitopes and their use in a hepatitis e immunoassay. | two hepatitis b core proteins bearing the immunodominant region of the hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid protein, one at the c terminus of hepatitis b virus core antigen (hbcag) and the other within the hbcag immunodominant loop, were constructed. both chimeric proteins exhibited hev reactivity, but only the first construct retained hbcag reactivity. the second construct was used to develop an anti-hev test which is equivalent to a commercial test for the detection of anti-hev immunoglobulin g (igg ... | 1999 | 9889237 |
| phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis e virus isolates from egypt. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genome was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in fecal samples of two sporadic cases of hepatitis e in cairo egypt. sequence of the complete putative structural region [open reading frame (orf)-2] and complete region of unknown function (orf-3) was determined for the two hev isolates. phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences was performed using neighbor joining or maximum parsimony methods of tree reconstruction. direct correspon ... | 1999 | 9890424 |
| primary structure of open reading frame 2 and 3 of the hepatitis e virus isolated from morocco. | the nucleotide sequence from position 5,014 to 7,186 of the hepatitis e virus (hev) genome was determined using a set of 10 polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fragments amplified directly from a pool of fecal specimens obtained from patients with well-documented epidemic hev infection in morocco. this sequence contains the 3'-terminal region of open reading frame 1 (orf1), full length orf2 and orf3, and a portion of the 3'-noncoding region. the hev morocco nucleotide sequence was compared with the ... | 1999 | 9892396 |
| self-learning review. hepatitis e. | | 1998 | 9917145 |
| a divergent genotype of hepatitis e virus in chinese patients with acute hepatitis. | recent studies have reported and provided nucleotide sequence data from divergent isolates of hepatitis e virus (hev), including isolates from north america and africa. sera were investigated from 29 chinese patients with a diagnosis of acute hepatitis and who were negative for hepatitis viruses a-e by serology (hev was excluded by testing for igg antibody only). to determine whether some patients were infected with hev but had yet to seroconvert to antibody positivity, rt-pcr was carried out wi ... | 1999 | 9934699 |
| transmission studies of hendra virus (equine morbillivirus) in fruit bats, horses and cats. | to determine the infectivity and transmissibility of hendra virus (hev). | 1998 | 9972433 |
| novel hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates from europe: evidence for additional genotypes of hev. | hepatitis e infection is associated with areas in which hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is endemic. acute infections in industrialized nations are usually linked to travel to endemic areas. recently, an acute hepatitis infection in a patient from the united states (us), with no recent foreign travel history, was linked to a novel strain of hev. although a few additional cases have been reported from patients who have not traveled to endemic areas, the source of these infections has not been de ... | 1999 | 10022795 |
| long-term serological follow up and cross-challenge studies in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with hepatitis e virus. | the aims of this study were to examine the decline of igg anti-hev antibodies over a period of 7 years in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with hepatitis e virus, and to assess the protectivity of these antibodies by challenging the monkeys with a heterologous isolate of hepatitis e virus, 5 years after the primary inoculation. | 1999 | 10068096 |
| prevalence of enteric hepatitis a and e viruses in the mekong river delta region of vietnam. | a study of antibody prevalence for hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) was carried out in southwestern vietnam in an area adjacent to a known focus of epidemic hev transmission. the purpose of this investigation was first to provide a prevalence measure of hepatitis infections, and second to determine the outbreak potential of hev as a function of the susceptible population. blood specimens collected from 646 persons in randomly selected village hamlets were examined by an elisa ... | 1999 | 10072151 |
| [viral hepatitis of enteric origin]. | hepatitis viruses of oral-fecal origin are responsible for a high morbidity and mortality throughout the world, even if they never result in chronic hepatitis. two viruses, the virus of hepatitis a (vha) and of hepatitis e (vhe) are at present the cause of severe viral hepatitis of enteric origin. water is the principle vector in the spread of these viruses. however, the epidemiological aspects vary according to the pathogenic agent. vha is excreted in a highly concentrated form in the feces for ... | 1998 | 10078380 |
| hepatitis e virus: relevance in blood donors and risk groups. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection usually causes acute self-limited disease. hev is associated with faecal-contaminated drinking water, but other vectors, such as blood, are possible. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hev in blood donors and in two groups at high risk for parenteral infections, namely, haemodialysis patients, and children infected with hcv via blood transfusion. | 1999 | 10085522 |
| [hepatitis e]. | | 1999 | 10088338 |
| identification of a novel variant of hepatitis e virus in italy. | hepatitis e infection is typically associated with areas in which hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic. except for a few cases in europe and in the united states, acute hepatitis e is usually associated with travel to endemic areas. we set out to determine the etiologic role of hev in acute non-a-c hepatitis in italy. the presence of hev-rna and antibody was determined in 218 patients diagnosed with acute viral non-a-c hepatitis. acute hepatitis e infection was defined by the presence of hev-rna i ... | 1999 | 10089046 |
| a hepatitis e virus variant from the united states: molecular characterization and transmission in cynomolgus macaques. | the partial sequence of a hepatitis e virus (hev-us1) isolated from a patient in the united states (us), suffering from acute viral hepatitis with no known risk factors for acquiring hev, has been reported. these sequences were significantly different from previously characterized hev isolates, alluding to the existence of a distinct human variant. in this paper, we report the near full-length sequences of hev-us1 and a second us isolate (hev-us2). hev-us2 was identified in a us patient sufferin ... | 1999 | 10092008 |
| prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis e virus in haemodialysis patients in india. | | 1999 | 10095186 |
| [hepatitis e virus: detection of antibodies in blood donors in lebanon]. | one hundred lebanese volunteers blood donors were tested for the qualitative detection of antibodies against hepatitis e virus (hev) by an immunoenzymatic method. the results showed 4% of positivity. this figure allows us to confirm the presence of infection due to hev in lebanon. more studies on a larger panel are necessary to confirm this result. this study leads us to suspect an hev infection in front of an acute non a, non b, non c hepatitis even if the patients have not lived in an endemic ... | 1998 | 10095828 |
| [the first assessment of hepatitis e virus seroprevalence in northern portugal]. | hepatitis e is an enterically transmitted acute viral hepatitis, etiologically associated with a recently characterized virus, the hepatitis e virus (hev). outbreaks mainly occur in developing countries and as sporadic cases in endemic regions. the authors present the first serological assessment in northern portugal to assess the presence of anti hev igg, using the elisa test, the eia and hev abbott, in samples from 50 blood donors and 103 chronic liver disease patients. in 2 blood donors (4%) ... | 1998 | 10192978 |
| mutational analysis of glycosylation, membrane translocation, and cell surface expression of the hepatitis e virus orf2 protein. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the etiological agent for viral hepatitis type e, which is a major problem in the developing world. because hev cannot be cultured in vitro, very little information exists on the mechanisms of hev gene expression and genome replication. hev is a positive-strand rna virus with three potential open reading frames (orfs), one of which (orf2) is postulated to encode the major viral capsid protein (porf2). we earlier showed (s. jameel, m. zafrullah, m. h. ozdener, and s. k. ... | 1999 | 10196303 |
| high prevalence of gb virus c in brazil and molecular evidence for intrafamilial transmission. | the prevalence of gb virus c (gbv-c) in candidate brazilian blood donors with normal and elevated alanine aminotransferase levels was found to be 5.2% (5 of 95) and 6.5% (5 of 76), respectively. among brazilian patients, gbv-c was found in 9.5% (13 of 137) of cases of hepatitis not caused by hepatitis a virus (hav), hbv, hcv, hdv, or hev (non-a-e hepatitis) and in 18.2% (8 of 44) of individuals infected with hcv. molecular characterization of gbv-c by partial sequencing of the ns3 region showed ... | 1999 | 10203545 |
| hepatitis viruses a, b, c, d, e and g: implications for dental personnel. | this article provides dental personnel with a brief overview of the different types of viral hepatitis, including their epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment. it also explores the ramifications of these diseases for the practice of dentistry. description of the condition: viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by one of at least six distinct viruses. the hepatitis a and e viruses, or hav and hev, are enterically transmitted viruses that produce acute disease o ... | 1999 | 10203901 |
| detection of hepatitis c and e virus genomes in sera of patients with acute viral hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis by their simultaneous amplification in pcr. | a study was undertaken to investigate the role of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis e virus (hev), either alone or together, in the causation of sporadic acute viral hepatitis (avh) and fulminant hepatitis (fh) by simultaneous detection of their genomes in serum samples using the reverse transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). a total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study of which 34 had avh and 16 had sporadic fh. the serum samples were first tested for hepatitis b ... | 1998 | 10221812 |
| seroprevalence and anti-hev persistence in the general population of the republic of san marino. | the prevalence of anti-hev was assessed in 2,233 subjects aged 20-79 years in the republic of san marino in the years 1990-1991. the sera were tested by elisa and further confirmed by western blot (wb) analysis. the overall anti-hev prevalence was 1.5%. a significant trend by age was observed. anti-hev prevalence was 0.6% in subjects <30 years and 3.3% in those older than 70 years of age. family size larger than four persons (or = 3.8; 95% ci = 1.8-13.2) was the sole independent predictor of ant ... | 1999 | 10223545 |
| evidence of hepatitis e virus replication on cell cultures. | several human and animal cell lines have been used to grow hepatitis e virus. the strain sar-55 was adapted only on plf/plc/5 cell line without any visible cytopathic effect. the growth of the sar-55 was monitored by examining the positive and the negative strands of hev-rna. stool samples, obtained from hospitalised acute hepatitis patients at the fever hospital of alexandria (egypt), were used to confirm the susceptibility of plf/plc/5 cells. after more than one-week's cultivation, three stool ... | 1999 | 10322605 |
| [preparation of monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis e and its application]. | to study the particle of hepatitis e virus (hev) and its significance in specific diagnosis for hepatitis e (he). | 1998 | 10322795 |
| etiology of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in taiwan: the role of hepatitis c virus, hepatitis e virus and gb virus-c/hepatitis g virus in an endemic area of hepatitis a and b. | the etiology of sporadic acute hepatitis was studied in 334 consecutive patients from taiwan (237 men and 97 women, aged 16-81 years), with emphasis on the role of hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis e virus (hev), and gb virus-c/hepatitis g virus (gbv-c/hgv) in acute non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis and in hbsag carriers with superimposed acute hepatitis. according to the conventional diagnostic criteria, there were 12 cases (3.6%) of acute hepatitis a, 17 cases (5.1%) of acute hepatitis b, 128 cas ... | 1999 | 10335863 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma in egyptians with and without a history of hepatitis b virus infection: association with hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection but not with (hcv) rna level. | the aim of this study was to analyze the association of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) with hepatitis c virus (hcv) in egypt, using hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis e virus (hev) as virus controls. in addition, the association of hcc with hcv rna levels among persons seropositive for hcv was analyzed. we compared 131 patients with proven hcc, 247 with bladder cancer, and 466 healthy hospital employees. age, sex, and place of residence were recorded to study confounding factors. among the he ... | 1999 | 10348253 |
| [acute hepatitis e in spain]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the worldwide leading cause of non-a non-b enterically transmitted hepatitis, and affects most commonly the population in developing countries. cases outside this area, are nearly always imported, although apparent local acquisition has been occasionally reported. we assisted three patients with acute hev hepatitis, confirmed by the presence of serum anti-hev igm. one of them did not report travelling outside of spain in the previous years. hev has to be included in th ... | 1999 | 10349788 |
| [prevalence of infections by hepatitis b, c, d and e viruses in bolivia]. | in bolivia, no studies have been carried out specifically on hepatitis viruses. thus, their prevalence and circulation patterns are virtually unknown. a seroepidemiologic study was performed from 1992 to 1996 to generate a preliminary idea of the overall prevalence of infection from hepatitis b, c, d, and e viruses (hbv, hcv, hdv, and hev, respectively) in different bolivian population groups. prompted by the data obtained in other areas of latin america, the study focused on indigenous communit ... | 1999 | 10355311 |
| only the non-glycosylated fraction of hepatitis e virus capsid (open reading frame 2) protein is stable in mammalian cells. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a non-enveloped, positive-strand rna virus, with the genome encoding three open reading frames (orfs) of which orf 2 directs translation of the capsid protein, porf2. following pulse-labelling and cell fractionation of porf2 expressed in mammalian cells using the semliki forest virus replicon, the capsid protein was detected as three major species of 78 (porf2), 82 and 86 kda, with p82 and p86 being n-glycosylated (gporf2 and ggporf2, respectively). although gporf2 and ... | 1999 | 10355765 |
| [antigenic specificity of recombinant polypeptides, containing fragments of hepatitis e virus proteins]. | antigenic specificity of recombinant polypeptides he40 and he60 containing fragments of gene orf2 and orf3 protein products of hepatitis e, strain burma, produced in e. coli cells, is analyzed. blood sera from patients with acute hepatitis from an endemic region in uzbekistan were tested for igg to recombinant antigens by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with a protein fragment coded by prf3 gene, a synthetic peptide previously characterized in a commercial test system, as the positive control. 93 ... | 1999 | 10358898 |
| [serological character of hepatitis e virus mutants]. | 64 sera with serologically negative nona-e were tested for hev rna and their serological characteristics were studied. | 1999 | 10366980 |
| hepatitis e infection in children: study of an outbreak. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for most of the hepatitis epidemics in the developing world and it frequently affects young adults. therefore, common perception is that it does not affect children. | 1999 | 10385067 |
| acute sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis in northeastern brazil: etiology and natural history. | in a 4-year follow-up study, patients with acute sporadic non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis were evaluated to determine the etiology and natural history of the disease. acute hepatitis c virus (hcv) was detected in 13 of 43 (30%) of patients, anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg in 5 (12%), and 25 (58%) were considered non-a-e. the hcv rna was detected in all hcv patients but none of the non-a-e cases. the initial clinical and biochemical presentation of the hcv and non-a-e cases was quite similar, alth ... | 1999 | 10385669 |
| hepatitis e virus -- an update. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the principal cause of enterically-transmitted, non-a, non-b hepatitis and has been associated with excess mortality in pregnant women infected during epidemics. molecular cloning of the viral genome led to the development of diagnostic tests, including enzyme immunoassays for antibody and rt-pcr for viral rna. candidate vaccines have not yet reached clinical trials. the virus resembles caliciviruses, with a positive sense rna genome encoding three open reading frames. ... | 1999 | 10395034 |
| protection of turkeys from hemorrhagic enteritis with a recombinant fowl poxvirus expressing the native hexon of hemorrhagic enteritis virus. | hemorrhagic enteritis (he) is an economically important disease of turkeys caused by a type ii aviadenovirus, hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev). the vaccines currently available to the commercial poultry producer are highly effective in preventing disease outbreaks; however, they are immunosuppressive. a recombinant fowl poxvirus (rfpv) expressing the native hexon of hev has been shown to induce an anti-hev humoral immune response in turkeys. in this study, the rfpv expressing the native hexon o ... | 1999 | 10396636 |
| response of turkeys to simultaneous vaccination with hemorrhagic enteritis and newcastle disease viruses. | the effects of single and combined vaccination of turkeys against hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) were investigated. dual vaccination of turkeys with ndv-b1 and hevp30 or marble spleen disease virus (msdv) enhanced white mottling of the spleens and the apoptosis rate in spleen cells (p < 0.05). in addition, simultaneously vaccinated turkeys had fewer hev-infected spleen cells at 4 days postvaccination than turkeys given hevp30 or msdv alone. the anti-hev antib ... | 1999 | 10396642 |
| hbsag carrier with simultaneous amebic liver abscess and acute hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and amebiasis are waterborne diseases that are endemic in india. however, their co-occurrence has never been described. we report a patient who presented with fever, jaundice and tender hepatomegaly and on investigation was found to have coexisting acute hepatitis e and amebic liver abscess. incidentally, he was also an hbsag carrier. | 1999 | 10407569 |
| foodborne infections during pregnancy. | the consequences of foodborne illness can be particularly devastating during pregnancy because both the woman and her fetus are at risk. escalated production of progesterone during pregnancy leads to down-regulation of cellular (cell-mediated) immune functions. many foodborne pathogens (and other pathogens) are intracellular pathogens, and infections caused by these pathogens are controlled by cell-mediated immunity. the pregnancy-induced decrease in cell-mediated immune functions leads to incre ... | 1999 | 10419281 |
| the hepatitis alphabet--hepatitis a-g and ttv. | during the past three decades the number of viruses known to be capable to inducing liver inflammation has been considerably expanded. this short review gives a quick overview of the virologic characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment options. newer hepatitis viruses such as hepatitis e virus (hev), hepatitis gb-virus c/hepatitis g virus (gbv-c/hgv), and transfusion-transmitted virus (ttv) are discussed and data concerning their disease-inducing capacity reviewed. | 1999 | 10420504 |