| comparative, collaborative, and on-site validation of a taqman pcr method as a tool for certified production of fresh, campylobacter-free chickens. | certified campylobacter-free poultry products have been produced in denmark since 2002, the first example of fresh (unprocessed and nonfrozen) chickens labeled "campylobacter free." this success occurred partly through use of a 4-hour gel-based pcr testing scheme on fecal swabs. in this study, a faster, real-time pcr approach was validated in comparative and collaborative trials, based on recommendations from the nordic system for validation of alternative microbiological methods (nordval). the ... | 2006 | 16885299 |
| pfge and pcr/rflp typing of campylobacter jejuni strains from poultry. | 1. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the flagellin gene (fla-rflp) were used to analyse 92 poultry and 110 human strains of campylobacter jejuni. 2. among poultry strains, 11 fla-rflp and 11 pfge subtypes were found, while human strains could be divided into 23 fla-rflp and 32 pfge subtypes. altogether, 31 fla-rflp and 32 pfge subtypes were found. 3. the results show that individual flocks in farms are mostly infected with a single c. je ... | 2006 | 16905472 |
| the occurrence of campylobacter species in hungarian broiler chickens from farm to slaughter. | the reported number of human enteric diseases caused by thermotolerant campylobacters increased in the last few decades worldwide. the microorganism gets into the food chain mostly with poultry meat or meat products. we are not aware of the way the campylobacters infect the broiler flocks, and there is little information about the real prevalence, about the reaction of thermotolerant campylobacters to the environmental factors and about the possibilities of elimination of the bacteria from the f ... | 2006 | 16907962 |
| broilers do not play a dominant role in the campylobacter fetus contamination of humans. | campylobacter fetus causes severe infections in humans and can be isolated from various mammals and reptiles. however, although poultry are considered to be the main reservoir of campylobacter jejuni, little is known about the presence of c. fetus in poultry. thus, specific pathogen-free chickens were experimentally inoculated with a mixture of either three non-thermotolerant or four thermotolerant human strains of c. fetus. faecal samples were regularly sampled after inoculation and caeca and i ... | 2006 | 16914660 |
| isolation of a lactobacillus salivarius strain and purification of its bacteriocin, which is inhibitory to campylobacter jejuni in the chicken gastrointestinal system. | we evaluated anti-campylobacter jejuni activity among >1,200 isolates of different lactic acid bacteria. lactobacillus salivarius strain nrrl b-30514 was selected for further study. the cell-free, ammonium sulfate precipitate from the broth culture was termed the crude antimicrobial preparation. ten microliters of the crude preparation created a zone of c. jejuni growth inhibition, and growth within the zone resumed when the crude preparation was preincubated with proteolytic enzymes. bacterioci ... | 2006 | 16940109 |
| pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans, chickens and dogs in northern taiwan. | two hundred and twenty strains of campylobacter jejuni (70 human, 51 canine and 99 chicken strains) were isolated from september 2003 to september 2004 in northern taiwan. these strains were subtyped by pcr-rflp analysis of the flagellin (flaa) gene. on the basis of restrictive digest, six types were identified with afai, seven types with mboi and five types with haeiii. with the combination of these three enzymes, 47 distinct pcr-rflp patterns were observed-25 each from human and chicken isolat ... | 2006 | 16953081 |
| lack of evidence for vertical transmission of campylobacter spp. in chickens. | campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial food-borne infection in the industrial world. there is evidence that c. jejuni is present in eggs and hatchery fluff, opening the possibility for vertical transmission from hens to progeny. poultry operations in iceland provide an excellent opportunity to study this possibility, since breeding flocks are established solely from eggs imported from grandparent flocks in sweden. this leaves limited opportunity for grandparents and their progeny to ... | 2006 | 16957196 |
| effect of efflux pump inhibitors on bile resistance and in vivo colonization of campylobacter jejuni. | the multidrug efflux pump cmeabc is essential for campylobacter colonization in animal intestine by mediating bile resistance. the objective of this study is to examine the effect of inhibition of the cmeabc pump by efflux pump inhibitor (epi) on the susceptibility of campylobacter to bile salts and to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of two epis on the colonization of campylobacter in a host. | 2006 | 16963459 |
| bacteriocins reduce campylobacter colonization and alter gut morphology in turkey poults. | campylobacter is a leading cause of food-borne illness in the united states. recent evidence has demonstrated that bacteriocins produced by bacillus circulans and paenibacillus polymyxa reduce cecal campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens infected with campylobacter jejuni. as campylobacter coli is the most prevalent campylobacter isolate recovered in turkeys, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy of these bacteriocins against c. coli colonization and their inf ... | 2006 | 16977842 |
| major role for feob in campylobacter jejuni ferrous iron acquisition, gut colonization, and intracellular survival. | to assess the importance of ferrous iron acquisition in campylobacter physiology and pathogenesis, we disrupted and characterized the fe2+ iron transporter, feob, in campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168, 81-176, and atcc 43431. the feob mutant was significantly affected in its ability to transport 55fe2+. it accumulated half the amount of iron than the wild-type strain during growth in an iron-containing medium. the intracellular iron of the feob mutant was localized in the periplasmic space versus t ... | 2006 | 16988218 |
| effect of oral administration of bismuth compounds on campylobacter colonization in broilers. | bismuth compounds have been used since the 18th century to treat gastrointestinal ailments in man. colloidal bismuth subcitrate (de-nol) is currently used in combination with antibiotics to reduce enteric helicobacter pylori colonization as a treatment of stomach ulcers. we investigated whether bismuth citrate or its parent compound, colloidal bismuth subcitrate, would reduce colonization of the closely related foodborne pathogen, campylobacter jejuni in chickens. in 2 studies, birds were either ... | 2006 | 17032837 |
| natural presence of campylobacter spp. in various internal organs of commercial broiler breeder hens. | campylobacter are known to cause acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. poultry products have been implicated as a significant source of these infections. six experiments were performed to determine whether campylobacter could be isolated naturally from the primary and secondary lymphoid organs, liver/gallbladder, and ceca of commercial broiler breeder hens. broiler breeder hens were acquired from different commercial sources during the early, middle, and late lay cycles. the birds were euth ... | 2006 | 17039849 |
| rapid separation and concentration of food-borne pathogens in food samples prior to quantification by viable-cell counting and real-time pcr. | buoyant density gradient centrifugation has been used to separate bacteria from complex food matrices, as well as to remove compounds that inhibit rapid detection methods, such as pcr, and to prevent false-positive results due to dna originating from dead cells. applying a principle of buoyant density gradient centrifugation, we developed a method for rapid separation and concentration following filtration and low- and high-speed centrifugation, as well as flotation and sedimentation buoyant den ... | 2007 | 17056684 |
| growth temperature of four campylobacter jejuni strains influences their subsequent survival in food and water. | to determine if campylobacter jejuni grown at 37 and 42 degrees c have different abilities to survive on beef and chicken, and in water. | 2006 | 17083703 |
| characterization of macrolide-resistant campylobacter coli isolates from food-producing animals on farms across japan during 2004. | we investigated the susceptibilities against 7 antimicrobial agents in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolates from food-producing animals in 2004. in comparison with the results of past surveillance, no significant difference was observed in resistance rates against all of the antimicrobials tested in campylobacter isolates. however, slight increase of erythromycin (em) resistance was found in c. coli isolates from pigs. we examined the mutation of the 23s rrna gene and their susceptibilities ... | 2006 | 17085893 |
| the effect of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components on the survival of campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157, listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in food systems. | to investigate the effectiveness of oils and vapours of lemon (citrus limon), sweet orange (citrus sinensis) and bergamot (citrus bergamia) and their components against a number of common foodborne pathogens. | 2006 | 17105553 |
| a comparative study of two food model systems to test the survival of campylobacter jejuni at -18 degrees c. | the survival of campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 was tested at freezing conditions (-18 degrees c) over a period of 32 days in two food models that simulated either (i) the chicken skin surface (skin model) or (ii) the chicken juice in and around a broiler carcass (liquid model). in the skin model, cells were suspended in chicken juice or brain heart infusion broth (bhib) and added to 4-cm2 skin pieces, which were subsequently stored at -18 degrees c. in the liquid model, cells were suspended in ... | 2006 | 17133806 |
| study on the prevalence of campylobacter spp. from chicken meat in hanoi, vietnam. | campylobacter spp. is considered to be the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. in developing countries, campylobacter spp. diarrhea is an important cause of childhood morbidity. chicken meat is known to be a major source of campylobacteriosis infection in the world. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in chicken meat. a total of 100 samples from breast part of chicken carcass were collected from retail market in hanoi. the ... | 2006 | 17135525 |
| a pilot study on post-evisceration contamination of broiler carcasses and ready-to-sell livers and intestines (mala) with campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in a high-throughput south african poultry abattoir. | to assess post-evisceration contamination of broiler carcasses, 300 samples were randomly selected during routine slaughter in the winter of 2004. the samples originated from 50 chicken carcasses, taken directly after evisceration, as well as 25 samples from ready-to-sell packages of fresh intestines (mala) and livers. the samples were taken in batches over a period of 4 weeks to allow randomised sampling from different farms of origin. conventional culture-based detection methods of campylobact ... | 2006 | 17137050 |
| decontamination of poultry carcasses using steam or hot water in combination with rapid cooling, chilling or freezing of carcass surfaces. | the effects of the application of steam at atmospheric pressure for times up to 20 s on the numbers of inoculated campylobacter jejuni and escherichia coli on whole chicken carcasses were investigated in a pilot steam cabinet. steam treatments reduced the numbers of c. jejuni ar6 by ca. 1.8, 2.6 and 3.3 log(10) cfu cm(-2) in 10, 12 and 20 s, respectively. corresponding reductions in numbers of e. coli k12 were 1.7, 2.3 and 2.8 log(10) cfu cm(-2). however, such treatments caused the skin to shrin ... | 2007 | 17140687 |
| comparison of 2-day-old and 14-day-old chicken colonization models for campylobacter jejuni. | in this study, we compared two types of chicken infection models for campylobacter jejuni in terms of infectious dose required to colonize the chickens and the susceptibility of chickens of different ages to persistent colonization by c. jejuni. in one model, chickens at day 2 posthatching were used, and in the other, 14-day-old chickens were used. the minimum c. jejuni cell number required to colonize 14-day-old chickens was 5 x 10(4) cells, and that for 2-day-old chickens was 5 x 10(3). the ab ... | 2007 | 17156078 |
| capa, an autotransporter protein of campylobacter jejuni, mediates association with human epithelial cells and colonization of the chicken gut. | two putative autotransporter proteins, capa and capb, were identified in silico from the genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni nctc11168. the genes encoding each protein contain homopolymeric tracts, suggestive of phase variation mediated by a slipped-strand mispairing mechanism; in each case the gene sequence contained frameshifts at these positions. the c-terminal two-thirds of the two genes, as well as a portion of the predicted signal peptides, were identical; the remaining n-terminal port ... | 2007 | 17172331 |
| dose response for infectivity of several strains of campylobacter jejuni in chickens. | although some major risk studies have been done for campylobacter jejuni, its dose response is not well characterized. only a single human study is available, providing dose-response information for only a single isolate. as substantial heterogeneity in infectivity has been acknowledged for other pathogens, it remains unknown how well this single study represents the dose-response relation for this pathogen. as future human challenge studies with campylobacter are unlikely, we have to find other ... | 2006 | 17184401 |
| microbiological baseline study of broiler chickens at swedish slaughterhouses. | this 1-year study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and concentrations of pathogenic and indicator bacteria on swedish broiler chickens. a total of 636 chilled carcasses were collected from 10 slaughterhouses and sent to the national food administration for analyses of carcass rinses. no carcasses were positive for salmonella. campylobacter, predominantly campylobacter jejuni, were detected on 15% (by enrichment) or 14% (by direct plating) of the carcasses. with one exception, all samples ... | 2006 | 17186653 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from raw chicken meat and human stools in korea. | prevalence of campylobacter in raw chicken meat and human stools and subsequent antibiotic resistance profiles of the pathogenic isolates obtained from 2000 through 2002 were investigated. campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli were isolated from 570 of the 923 raw chicken meat samples collected from traditional markets, large retail stores, or department stores in korea, resulting in the isolation rate of 61.8%. a total of 579 campylobacter isolates were obtained from raw chicken (36.3% fo ... | 2006 | 17186659 |
| the beta-defensin gallinacin-6 is expressed in the chicken digestive tract and has antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens. | food-borne pathogens are responsible for most cases of food poisoning in developed countries and are often associated with poultry products, including chicken. little is known about the role of beta-defensins in the chicken digestive tract and their efficacy. in this study, the expression of chicken beta-defensin gallinacin-6 (gal-6) and its antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens were investigated. reverse transcription-pcr analysis showed high expression of gal-6 mrna in the esopha ... | 2007 | 17194828 |
| prevalence, genetic diversity, and antibiotic resistance patterns of campylobacter jejuni from retail raw chickens in korea. | campylobacter jejuni is a frequently detected food-borne pathogenic bacterium. clinical cases are mostly sporadic but campylobacteriosis can have serious consequences, such as the development of guillain-barré syndrome as well as diarrheal diseases. we examined 265 retail raw chickens from korean markets for the presence of c. jejuni using the us food and drug administration standard cultural method and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr). the mpcr-confirmed c. jejuni isolates were subtyp ... | 2007 | 17207550 |
| evaluation of genetic markers and molecular typing methods for prediction of sources of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli infections. | campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolates from poultry, cattle, and humans were studied using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and pcr of candidate livestock-associated marker genes. human isolates showed 5.7 and 61% overlap with cattle and poultry isolates, respectively, by use of pfge. no unambiguous association was found between marker genes (the cj1321 and cj1324 genes) and livestock-associated isolates. | 2007 | 17220252 |
| survey of chicken abattoir for the presence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. | the genus campylobacter is of great importance to public health because it includes several species that may cause diarrhea. these species may be found in water, food and in the intestinal tract of chickens. this study investigated the presence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken abattoirs in são paulo state, brazil. a total of 288 samples of feces, feathers, scald water, evisceration water, chiller water, and the rinse water of eviscerated, not eviscerated and chilled carc ... | 2006 | 17221125 |
| real-time pcr assay for rapid detection and quantification of campylobacter jejuni on chicken rinses from poultry processing plant. | campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is the leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in the united states. detection of campylobacter in food samples by conventional culture is cumbersome; therefore, there is a need to develop rapid and cost-effective detection and quantification methods. eighty-four whole chicken rinses were collected at different stages of processing at three poultry processing plants. after chicken wash collection and dna extraction, the samples were directly subjected to real ... | 2007 | 17223308 |
| survival of campylobacter jejuni in different gas mixtures. | campylobacter jejuni in fresh chilled chicken meat is known to be a major risk factor for human gastrointestinal disease. in the present study, the survival under chilled conditions of different c. jejuni strains exposed to different gas mixtures usually used for gas packaging of food was examined. bolton broth and fresh, skinless chicken fillets were inoculated with six and four strains, respectively, and exposed to the gas mixtures 70/30% o(2)/co(2), 70/30% n(2)/co(2), and 100% n(2) (the latte ... | 2007 | 17233725 |
| efficacy of supplemented buffered peptone water for the isolation of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli from broiler retail products. | broiler retail samples (n=113) were analyzed to determine (i) the effectiveness of buffered peptone water (bpw) supplemented with blood and antibiotics for the isolation of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli, (ii) if a 1:4 enrichment ratio performs similarly as a 1:9 ratio, and (iii) if bpw is similar to bolton broth for enumeration of campylobacter spp. in retail broiler meat using the most probably number (mpn) procedure. chi-square comparison showed that bpw performed similarly as bolton broth ... | 2007 | 17257696 |
| campylobacter coli isolates derived from chickens in senegal: diversity, genetic exchange with campylobacter jejuni and quinolone resistance. | we used the multilocus sequence typing (mlst) method to study the genetic diversity of campylobacter coli isolated from chickens in senegal, and to check the presence of genetic exchange with campylobacter jejuni. in addition, we assessed the resistance of the isolates to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid, and their gyra sequences. mlst revealed a low level of diversity and the absence of lineages among c. coli isolates. in addition, an exchange of alleles with c. jejuni was found. twenty percent ... | 2007 | 17258435 |
| characterization of campylobacter jejuni biofilms under defined growth conditions. | campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of human diarrheal disease in many industrialized countries and is a source of public health and economic burden. c. jejuni, present as normal flora in the intestinal tract of commercial broiler chickens and other livestock, is probably the main source of human infections. the presence of c. jejuni in biofilms found in animal production watering systems may play a role in the colonization of these animals. we have determined that c. jejuni can form biofilms ... | 2007 | 17259368 |
| campylobacter jejuni adhere to and invade chicken intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. | campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of serious diarrhoeal disease in humans, in contrast to the avian population, where exposure results in prolonged colonization at high density without disease. colonized poultry present a significant source of infection to humans worldwide. the aim of this work was to compare the interaction of campylobacter with primary intestinal cells from humans and poultry to identify factors that account for the divergent outcome following campylobacter exposure. a pr ... | 2007 | 17259628 |
| knockout mutagenesis of the kpse gene of campylobacter jejuni 81116 and its involvement in bacterium-host interactions. | campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of bacterial enteritis. the surface capsular polysaccharides are important for this bacterium to survive in the environment, but little is known about their involvement in bacterium-host interactions. this study showed that the c. jejuni capsular polysaccharides play an important role in adherence to and invasion of human embryonic epithelial cells. however, no significant role of capsular polysaccharides was shown in colonization of the chicken gut. | 2007 | 17266722 |
| effect of cytolethal distending toxin of campylobacter jejuni on adhesion and internalization in cultured cells and in colonization of the chicken gut. | campylobacter jejuni produces cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) that causes host cells to arrest during their cell cycle and that is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diarrhea in humans. to assess the role of cdt in adherence and invasion of different cultured host cells (hela and hd-11) and in colonization of the chicken intestine, the genes of c jejuni nctc11168 encoding the toxin subunits (cdta, cdtb, and cdtc) were inactivated by insertional mutagenesis. no significant difference ... | 2006 | 17274298 |
| prevalence and numbers of coliphages and campylobacter jejuni bacteriophages in new zealand foods. | vegetable samples were tested for the presence of coliphages. none of the 55 samples contained these phages at concentrations greater than 10 g(-1) (the limit of detection). spiking and recovery experiments indicated that the method was efficient at detecting coliphage t4 added to the food, and so it was concluded that phage titres were not being falsely underestimated. in addition 51 samples of chicken skin from retail portions were tested for the presence and numbers of coliphages and for pres ... | 2007 | 17276534 |
| campylobacter jejuni strains compete for colonization in broiler chicks. | campylobacter jejuni isolates possess multiple adhesive proteins termed adhesins, which promote the organism's attachment to epithelial cells. based on the proposal that one or more adhesins are shared among c. jejuni isolates, we hypothesized that c. jejuni strains would compete for intestinal and cecal colonization in broiler chicks. to test this hypothesis, we selected two c. jejuni strains with unique smai pulsed-field gel electrophoresis macrorestriction profiles and generated one nalidixic ... | 2007 | 17293510 |
| correlation between in vitro secretion of virulence-associated proteins of campylobacter jejuni and colonization of chickens. | the mechanisms used by campylobacter jejuni to colonize the (chicken) intestinal tract have not been defined. in this study, we obtained evidence that in the presence of chicken serum and mucus, c. jejuni secreted proteins that may play a role in the colonization of chicken gut (campylobacter invasion antigen = cia). c. jejuni strains nctc11168v1 and 81-176, as well as an nctc11168v1 flaa mutant, were found to colonize intestinal tract and secrete proteins in the presence of chicken mucus, chick ... | 2007 | 17294330 |
| pattern of antibiotic susceptibility in campylobacter jejuni isolates of human and poultry origin. | campylobacter jejuni antibiotic resistance is rising with a variable geographical pattern; but there is limited data from the arabian gulf region. we assessed the sensitivity of human (117) and chicken (33) c. jejuni isolates to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by agar dilution, disc diffusion and the e test. only 2 human isolates were resistant to erythromycin. in contrast, over 80% of chicken and human isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. a signi ... | 2007 | 17314416 |
| novel campylobacter isolation method using hydrophobic grid membrane filter and semisolid medium. | culture procedures for isolation of thermophilic campylobacters from food matrices are complex, labor intensive, and time-consuming. most available methods include the use of antibiotics as selective agents to prevent the growth of competing microflora. a simple procedure for isolation of thermophilic campylobacters after enrichment in rosef's enrichment broth was developed using a hydrophobic grid membrane filter (hgmf) on semisolid medium (ssm). ssm contains no antibiotics, and the hgmf physic ... | 2007 | 17340869 |
| effect of macrolide usage on emergence of erythromycin-resistant campylobacter isolates in chickens. | in this work we conducted both in vitro and in vivo experiments to examine the development and mechanisms of erythromycin (ery) resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. in vitro plating revealed that both campylobacter species had similar but low spontaneous mutation frequencies (3 x 10(-9) to <5.41 x 10(-10)) for ery resistance. chickens infected with c. jejuni or c. coli were subjected to single or multiple treatments with medicated water containing tylosin (0.53 g/liter), wh ... | 2007 | 17353243 |
| characterization of genetically matched isolates of campylobacter jejuni reveals that mutations in genes involved in flagellar biosynthesis alter the organism's virulence potential. | phenotypic and genotypic evidence suggests that not all campylobacter jejuni isolates are pathogenic for humans. we hypothesized that differences in gene content or gene expression alter the degree of pathogenicity of c. jejuni isolates. a c. jejuni isolate (turkey) recovered from a turkey and a second c. jejuni isolate (cs) recovered from a chicken differed in their degrees of in vitro and in vivo virulence. the c. jejuni turkey isolate invaded int 407 human epithelial cells and secreted the ci ... | 2007 | 17369342 |
| survival of campylobacter jejuni on poultry skin and meat at varying temperatures. | researchers have recently found a much higher prevalence of campylobacter on skin-on poultry products vs. skinless products. these data suggest that contamination is associated primarily with poultry skin, and campylobacter may not survive on skinless poultry meat. therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the survival of campylobacter poultry skin vs. meat under differing storage conditions. skin and meat were irradiated to eliminate native microflora and inoculated with campylobac ... | 2007 | 17369551 |
| free-range layer chickens as a source of campylobacter bacteriophage. | bacteriophage specific for campylobacter were isolated from chicken excreta collected from established free-range layer breed stock. bacteriophage were either propagated on a campylobacter jejuni host with broad susceptibility to bacteriophage (nctc 12662) or on campylobacter isolates from the same samples. campylobacters were confirmed as being c. jejuni and or c. coli, using a combination of standard biochemical tests and pcr analysis with genus and species specific primers. the bacteriophage ... | 2007 | 17387630 |
| prevalence, numbers, and subtypes of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in uncooked retail meat samples. | a national quantitative survey of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in 1,011 uncooked retail meat samples (beef, unweaned veal, chicken, lamb and mutton, and pork) was undertaken from august 2003 to june 2004 to establish baseline proportionality data. the presence, number, and type of campylobacter present in each sample was assessed. prevalences of c. jejuni and c. coli were 89.1% in chicken, 9.1% in pork, 6.9% in lamb and mutton, 3.5% in beef, and 10% in unweaned veal. c. jejuni was ... | 2007 | 17388043 |
| comparison of antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni isolated from humans, chickens, raw milk, and environmental water in québec. | this study compares the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline among 384 campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans (245), fresh whole retail chickens (56), raw milk (33), and environmental water (41) collected between 2000 and 2003 in québec, canada. resistance to ciprofloxacin was significantly more frequent in human isolates acquired abroad than in those acquired locally (50 versus 5.9%; p < 0.001); ciprofloxacin resistance was almost absent in ... | 2007 | 17388066 |
| quantitative effect of refrigerated storage time on the enumeration of campylobacter, listeria, and salmonella on artificially inoculated raw chicken meat. | active monitoring of pathogens on retail foods has been recommended and implemented in a number of developed countries. because only a portion of retail food is contaminated with pathogens, a cost-effective and informative surveillance program at the retail level often involves a two-stage approach of initial presence-absence analysis and subsequent pathogen enumeration in any positive samples. most-probable-number (mpn) methods are more resource intensive and therefore used only for samples con ... | 2007 | 17388068 |
| detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken meat samples by real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification with molecular beacons. | a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) assay based on molecular beacons was used for real-time detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in samples of chicken meat. a set of specific primers and beacon probe were designed to target the 16s rrna of both species. the real-time nasba protocol including the rna isolation was valid for both of the cell suspensions in buffered saline and the artificially contaminated chicken meat samples. the presence of rrna could be corre ... | 2007 | 17395329 |
| detection and genotyping of arcobacter and campylobacter isolates from retail chicken samples by use of dna oligonucleotide arrays. | to explore the use of dna microarrays for pathogen detection in food, we produced dna oligonucleotide arrays to simultaneously determine the presence of arcobacter and the presence of campylobacter in retail chicken samples. probes were selected that target housekeeping and virulence-associated genes in both arcobacter butzleri and thermotolerant campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. these microarrays showed a high level of probe specificity; the signal intensities detected for a. butzler ... | 2007 | 17416693 |
| use of suppression subtractive hybridisation to extend our knowledge of genome diversity in campylobacter jejuni. | previous studies have sought to identify a link between the distribution of variable genes amongst isolates of campylobacter jejuni and particular host preferences. the genomic sequence data available currently was obtained using only isolates from human or chicken hosts. in order to identify variable genes present in isolates from alternative host species, five subtractions between c. jejuni isolates from different sources (rabbit, cattle, wild bird) were carried out, designed to assess genomic ... | 2007 | 17470265 |
| campylobacter jejuni colonization and transmission in broiler chickens: a modelling perspective. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of acute enteritis in the developed world. the consumption of contaminated poultry, where c. jejuni is believed to be a commensal organism, is a major risk factor. however, the dynamics of this colonization process in commercially reared chickens is still poorly understood. quantification of these dynamics of infection at an individual level is vital to understand transmission within populations and formulate new control strategies. there are ... | 2007 | 17472905 |
| potential competitive exclusion bacteria from poultry inhibitory to campylobacter jejuni and salmonella. | the objective of this study was to isolate from chickens potential competitive exclusion bacteria (ce) that are inhibitory to campylobacter jejuni or salmonella, or to both, for subsequent development of a defined ce product for use in poultry. adult chickens from family farms, commercial farms, and broiler chicken research centers were sampled to identify and select c. jejuni-free donor chickens. a challenge treatment, which included administering perorally 106 cfu c. jejuni per chicken and det ... | 2007 | 17477254 |
| microbiological safety of retail vacuum-packed and modified-atmosphere-packed cooked meats at end of shelf life. | a study of retail modified-atmosphere-packed and vacuum-packed cooked ready-to-eat meats was undertaken from september through mid-november 2003 to determine the microbiological quality at the end of shelf life and to establish any risk factors in the production, storage, and display of this product. examination of 2,981 samples using microbiological guidelines criteria revealed that 66% were of satisfactory or acceptable microbiology quality, 33% were of unsatisfactory quality mainly due to hig ... | 2007 | 17477265 |
| host-associated genetic import in campylobacter jejuni. | host association of campylobacter jejuni was analyzed by using multilocus sequence typing data for 713 isolates from chickens and bovids (cattle and sheep). commonly used summary measures of genotypes (sequence type and clonal complex) showed poor accuracy, but a method using the full allelic profile showed 80% accuracy in distinguishing isolates from these 2 host groups. we explored the biologic basis of more accurate results with allelic profiles. strains isolated from specific hosts have impo ... | 2007 | 17479890 |
| infection-induced antibodies against the major outer membrane protein of campylobacter jejuni mainly recognize conformational epitopes. | the major outer membrane protein (momp) of campylobacter jejuni is an abundant surface protein with a pore-forming function and may be a potential candidate for vaccine development. despite the fact that momp is immunogenic and the recombinant momp (rmomp) can be readily produced in escherichia coli, the nature of the antibody response to momp during in vivo infection is not well understood. in this study, various methods involving detergent replacement and liposome reconstitution were used to r ... | 2007 | 17521366 |
| multivariate analysis of complex dna sequence electropherograms for high-throughput quantitative analysis of mixed microbial populations. | high-throughput quantification of genetically coherent units (gcus) is essential for deciphering population dynamics and species interactions within a community of microbes. current techniques for microbial community analyses are, however, not suitable for this kind of high-throughput application. here, we demonstrate the use of multivariate statistical analysis of complex dna sequence electropherograms for the effective and accurate estimation of relative genotype abundance in cell samples from ... | 2007 | 17575003 |
| evaluation of different plate media for direct cultivation of campylobacter species from live broilers. | accurate identification and optimal culturing procedures for campylobacter spp. from live broilers are needed for epidemiological studies. because there is no standardized protocol, we designed and conducted studies to evaluate different selective media for the culturing and isolation of campylobacter spp. from cecal and fecal samples obtained from battery-reared and commercial broilers. five media selective for campylobacter were evaluated: campylobacter agar base, campylobacter, campy-line, mo ... | 2007 | 17575175 |
| serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and gyr a gene mutation of campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans and chickens in thailand. | in thailand, 51% (36/70) campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans and 68% (47/69) isolates from poultry were classified into 10 penner serotypes (serotype b, c, r, e, g, a, k, d, i, and l) and 9 serotypes (serotype a, c, i, k, b, e, s, d, and l), respectively. the rate of antimicrobial drug resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin shown by human isolates were 96%, 96%, 29%, 57%, and 14%, while that shown by poultry isolates were 77%, 77%, 22%, 26%, ... | 2007 | 17579262 |
| use of multilocus sequence typing to investigate the association between the presence of campylobacter spp. in broiler drinking water and campylobacter colonization in broilers. | the presence of campylobacters in broiler chickens and throughout the broiler water delivery systems of 12 farms in northeastern scotland was investigated by sensitive enrichment methods and large-volume filtration. campylobacter presence was independent of the water source and whether the water was treated. the genotypes of campylobacter jejuni isolates recovered from chickens and various locations within the water delivery systems were compared by multilocus sequence typing. matching strains i ... | 2007 | 17586665 |
| gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase has a role in the persistent colonization of the avian gut by campylobacter jejuni. | the contribution of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) to campylobacter jejuni virulence and colonization of the avian gut has been investigated. the presence of the ggt gene in c. jejuni strains directly correlated with the expression of ggt activity as measured by cleavage and transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety. inactivation of the monocistronic ggt gene in c. jejuni strain 81116 resulted in isogenic mutants with undetectable ggt activity; nevertheless, these mutants grew normally in vitro ... | 2007 | 17600669 |
| quantitative detection of campylobacter jejuni on fresh chicken carcasses by real-time pcr. | campylobacter jejuni infection is a significant cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. consumption and handling of poultry products is believed to be the primary risk factor for campylobacteriosis. risk assessments require quantitative data, and c. jejuni is enumerated usually by direct plating, which sometimes allows growth of non-campylobacter bacteria. the objective of the present study was to develop a quantitative real-time pcr method (q-pcr) for enumerating c. jejuni in chicken rins ... | 2007 | 17612066 |
| large molecules as anti-adhesive compounds against pathogens. | anti-adhesive compounds are potential prophylactic tools in alternative treatment regimes against bacterial infection, as bacterial adhesion is commonly mediated by carbohydrate-protein interactions between surface adhesions of microorganisms and the host cell. the use of exogenous polyvalent, high-molecular carbohydrates and tannin-like plant-derived compounds should antagonize the adhesive interaction. a range of carbohydrates and carbohydrate- and proanthocyanidin-enriched plant extracts were ... | 2007 | 17637170 |
| genotyping of thermotolerant campylobacter from poultry slaughterhouse by amplified fragment length polymorphism. | to examine the occurrence, diversity and transmission of campylobacter in a poultry slaughterhouse. | 2007 | 17650186 |
| commonality and biosynthesis of the o-methyl phosphoramidate capsule modification in campylobacter jejuni. | in this study we investigated the commonality and biosynthesis of the o-methyl phosphoramidate (meopn) group found on the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of campylobacter jejuni. high resolution magic angle spinning nmr spectroscopy was used as a rapid, high throughput means to examine multiple isolates, analyze the cecal contents of colonized chickens, and screen a library of cps mutants for the presence of meopn. sixty eight percent of c. jejuni strains were found to express the meopn with a hig ... | 2007 | 17675288 |
| prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken hybrids with different growth rates, reared according to conventional and "free-range" production methods. | | 2007 | 17682919 |
| bacteriophage influence campylobacter jejuni types populating broiler chickens. | the characteristics that allow one campylobacter jejuni genotype to succeed over another under the influence of bacteriophage predation have been examined in experimental broiler chickens following the observation that this succession appeared to occur in naturally colonized broiler chicken flocks. examination of three c. jejuni strains from a single flock indicated that horizontal transfer of at least 112 kb of genomic dna from strain f2c10 (bacteriophage sensitive) to strain f2e1 (bacteriophag ... | 2007 | 17686030 |
| [drug sensitivity test of campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from human diarrheal stools, chicken meat, and chicken feces, and gene mutation of quinolone-resistant strains]. | in basic studies on campylobacteriosis, we tested 53 strains from human diarrhea stools and 102 strains from chicken meat and feces obtained between 2002 and 2006 for drug sensitivity to different drugs and gene mutation in quinolone-resistant strains. 1) of 15 drugs tested, all were resistant to one or more of the following 10 drugs: cex, 99.4%: abpc, 59.4%; na, 40.6%; nflx, 40.0%; tc and cpfx, 39.4%; pipc, 38.1%; mino, 30.3%; km, 3.2%; and sm, 2.6%. 2) of 155 drug-resistant strains, 28 (18.1%) ... | 2007 | 17695789 |
| campylobacter jejuni: molecular biology and pathogenesis. | campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne bacterial pathogen that is common in the developed world. however, we know less about its biology and pathogenicity than we do about other less prevalent pathogens. interest in c. jejuni has increased in recent years as a result of the growing appreciation of its importance as a pathogen and the availability of new model systems and genetic and genomic technologies. c. jejuni establishes persistent, benign infections in chickens and is rapidly cleared by many ... | 2007 | 17703225 |
| modelling of campylobacter survival in frozen chicken meat. | to model the survival kinetics of campylobacter jejuni on frozen chicken meat. | 2007 | 17714392 |
| genome dynamics of campylobacter jejuni in response to bacteriophage predation. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of food-borne illness. although a natural reservoir of the pathogen is domestic poultry, the degree of genomic diversity exhibited by the species limits the application of epidemiological methods to trace specific infection sources. bacteriophage predation is a common burden placed upon c. jejuni populations in the avian gut, and we show that amongst c. jejuni that survive bacteriophage predation in broiler chickens are bacteriophage-resistant types that d ... | 2007 | 17722979 |
| a collaborative study on a nordic standard protocol for detection and enumeration of thermotolerant campylobacter in food (nmkl 119, 3. ed., 2007). | a nordic standard protocol for detection and enumeration of thermotolerant campylobacter in food has been elaborated (nmkl 119, 3. ed., 2007). performance and precision characteristics of this protocol were evaluated in a collaborative study with participation of 14 laboratories from seven european countries. the laboratories performed qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative analyses on samples of chicken meat, cut lettuce, and milk artificially inoculated with different concentrations i ... | 2007 | 17761333 |
| influence of campylobacter jejuni flia, rpon and flgk genes on colonization of the chicken gut. | campylobacter jejuni, a commensal gram-negative motile bacterium commonly found in chickens is a frequent cause of human gastrointestinal infections. the polar flagellum of c. jejuni is an important virulence and colonization factor, providing motility to the cell as well as a type iii secretion function. the flagellar biosynthesis genes flia (sigma28) and rpon (sigma54) of c. jejuni regulate a large number of genes involved in motility, protein secretion and invasion, which have been shown to b ... | 2007 | 17761334 |
| high level of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler chickens in estonia in 2005 and 2006. | the development of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli is a matter of increasing concern. because campylobacteriosis is transmitted to humans usually via food of animal origin, the presence of antimicrobial-resistant campylobacters in broiler chickens has important public health implications. the aim of our study was to analyze resistance patterns of c. jejuni isolated from fecal samples collected at a large estonian chicken farm, from cecal contents collected ... | 2007 | 17803154 |
| the complete genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni strain 81116 (nctc11828). | campylobacter jejuni is a major human enteric pathogen that displays genetic variability via genomic reorganization and phase variation. this variability can adversely affect the outcomes and reproducibility of experiments. c. jejuni strain 81116 (nctc11828) has been suggested to be a genetically stable strain (g. manning, b. duim, t. wassenaar, j. a. wagenaar, a. ridley, and d. g. newell, appl. environ. microbiol. 67:1185-1189, 2001), is amenable to genetic manipulation, and is infective for ch ... | 2007 | 17873037 |
| molecular phylogeny of the flaa short variable region among campylobacter jejuni isolates collected during an annual evaluation of poultry flocks in the southeastern united states. | production and processing samples were collected from eight commercial poultry flocks in the southeastern united states and examined for the presence of campylobacter spp. in an effort to determine relatedness, recovered isolates were typed using flaa short variable region (svr) dna sequence analysis. six of the eight production flocks tested were campylobacter positive. in general, multiple campylobacter flaa svr types were present within a flock. additionally, types found within a flock were a ... | 2007 | 17883317 |
| multiplex pcr for direct identification of campylobacter spp. in human and chicken stools. | differentiation between campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli is problematic in clinical specimens due to fastidious growth requirements and limited biochemical tests. this study describes a rapid, multiplex pcr protocol for the direct detection and differentiation of c. jejuni and c. coli in stools. an evaluation was carried out of this multiplex protocol based on the detection of cadf (genus specific), and hipo (c. jejuni) and asp (c. coli) genes, using stool from patients with campyloba ... | 2007 | 17893173 |
| quantification and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in raw chicken meats using a real-time pcr method. | campylobacter species are one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea in humans worldwide. the consumption of foods contaminated with two campylobacter species, c. jejuni and c. coli, is usually associated with most of the infections in humans. in this study, a rapid, reliable, and sensitive multiplex real-time quantitative pcr was developed for the simultaneous detection, identification, and quantification of c. jejuni and c. coli. in addition, the developed method was applied to the 50 ... | 2007 | 17900077 |
| epidemiology, relative invasive ability, molecular characterization, and competitive performance of campylobacter jejuni strains in the chicken gut. | one hundred forty-one campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans with diarrhea and 100 isolates from retailed poultry meat were differentiated by flaa typing. the bacteria were isolated in a specific geographical area (dunedin) in new zealand over a common time period. twenty nine flaa types were detected, one of which (flaa restriction fragment length polymorphism type 15 [flaa-15]) predominated among isolates from humans ( approximately 30% of isolates). this strain was of low prevalence (5% of ... | 2007 | 17921281 |
| impact of salinomycin on the intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. | the ionophoric coccidiostat salinomycin is widely used in chicken feed. in the near future the use of ionophore coccidiostats may be banned as has been the case for other antimicrobial growth promoters. this study was conducted to examine the effect of salinomycin on campylobacter jejuni infection and on the composition of the caecal microflora in broiler chickens. | 2007 | 17963485 |
| proteomic analyses of a robust versus a poor chicken gastrointestinal colonizing isolate of campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter spp. are a significant contributor to the bacterial etiology of acute gastroenteritis in humans. epidemiological evidence implicates poultry as a major source of the organism for human illness. however, the factors involved in colonization of poultry with campylobacter spp. remain unclear. determining colonization-associated factors at the proteome level should facilitate our understanding of campylobacter spp. contamination of poultry. therefore, proteomic analyses were utilized t ... | 2007 | 17973442 |
| co-infection dynamics of a major food-borne zoonotic pathogen in chicken. | a major bottleneck in understanding zoonotic pathogens has been the analysis of pathogen co-infection dynamics. we have addressed this challenge using a novel direct sequencing approach for pathogen quantification in mixed infections. the major zoonotic food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni, with an important reservoir in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract of chickens, was used as a model. we investigated the co-colonisation dynamics of seven c. jejuni strains in a chicken gi infection trial. th ... | 2007 | 18020703 |
| comparison of lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis genes of campylobacter jejuni strains with varying abilities to colonize the chicken gut and to invade caco-2 cells. | campylobacter jejuni strains develop a high variability of lipooligosaccharide (los) structures on the cell surface based on variations in the genetic content of the los biosynthesis locus. while the importance of these variations for ganglioside mimicry as a critical factor in the triggering of guillain-barré syndrome has already been shown, little work has been done on the investigation of los structures and their function in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disease. in this study, the pre ... | 2007 | 18033824 |
| statistical comparison of campylobacter jejuni subtypes from human cases and environmental sources. | to analyse campylobacter jejuni typing data to define statistically which potential reservoirs and transmission sources contain isolates that are most similar to one another and to isolates from human infections. | 2007 | 18045395 |
| morphology and adhesion of campylobacter jejuni to chicken skin under varying conditions. | the adhesion of campylobacter jejuni to chicken skin, along with the associated morphological changes under aerobic conditions at 4, 25, and 37 degrees c and microaerobic (o2 5%, co2 10%, n2 85%) conditions, were investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm), flow cytometry, and plate counting. the morphological change of c. jejuni from a spiral shape to a coccoid form or vbnc form (viable but nonculturable form) progressed rapidly under aerobic conditions at 25, 37, and 4 degrees ... | 2007 | 18051750 |
| an investigation of sources of campylobacter in a poultry production and packing operation in barbados. | chicken meat is frequently contaminated with campylobacter jejuni and is thought to be the major source of organisms causing human campylobacter enteritis. genotypic similarities between campylobacter isolates from chicken meat at retail outlets and patients with gastroenteritis in barbados suggested that it is a vehicle for infection of humans on the island and prompted this investigation of transmission of campylobacter in a local poultry operation. campylobacter testing was conducted at the h ... | 2008 | 18061296 |
| role of poultry meat in sporadic campylobacter infections in bosnia and herzegovina: laboratory-based study. | to investigate genetic diversity and specificity of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from humans, retail poultry meat, and live farm chickens in zenica-doboj canton, bosnia and herzegovina, and identify the role of poultry meat in sporadic campylobacter infections. | 2007 | 18074419 |
| characterization of two putative cytochrome c peroxidases of campylobacter jejuni involved in promoting commensal colonization of poultry. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans throughout the world, but infection of animals, especially poultry, results in a commensal colonization of the intestines. we previously found that a mutant lacking doca, which encodes a putative cytochrome c peroxidase (ccp), demonstrates up to a 10(5)-fold reduction in colonization of the chick cecum compared to wild-type c. jejuni strain 81-176. predictions from genomic sequences identified cjj0382 as a second locu ... | 2008 | 18086814 |
| isolation and purification of enterocin e-760 with broad antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | strain nrrl b-30745, isolated from chicken ceca and identified as enterococcus durans, enterococcus faecium, or enterococcus hirae, was initially identified as antagonistic to campylobacter jejuni. the isolate produced a 5,362-da bacteriocin (enterocin) that inhibits the growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, s. enterica serovar choleraesuis, s. enterica serovar typhimurium, s. enterica serovar gallinarum, escherichia coli o157:h7, yersinia enterocolitica, citrobacter freundii, klebs ... | 2008 | 18086839 |
| pulsed-plasma gas-discharge inactivation of microbial pathogens in chilled poultry wash water. | a pulsed-plasma gas-discharge (ppgd) system was developed for the novel decontamination of chilled poultry wash water. treatment of poultry wash water in the plasma generation chamber for up to 24 s at 4 degrees c reduced escherichia coli nctc 9001, campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560, campylobacter coli atcc 33559, listeria monocytogenes nctc 9863, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis atcc 4931, and s. enterica serovar typhimurium atcc 14028 populations to non-detectable levels (< or = 8 log cfu ... | 2007 | 18095434 |
| cmer functions as a pleiotropic regulator and is required for optimal colonization of campylobacter jejuni in vivo. | cmer functions as a transcriptional repressor modulating the expression of the multidrug efflux pump cmeabc in campylobacter jejuni. to determine if cmer also regulates other genes in c. jejuni, we compared the transcriptome of the cmer mutant with that of the wild-type strain using a dna microarray. this comparison identified 28 genes that showed a > or = 2-fold change in expression in the cmer mutant. independent real-time quantitative reverse transcription-pcr experiments confirmed 27 of the ... | 2008 | 18178742 |
| colonization strategy of campylobacter jejuni results in persistent infection of the chicken gut. | although poultry meat is now recognized as the main source of campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis, little is known about the strategy used by the bacterium to colonize the chicken intestinal tract. in this study, the mechanism of c. jejuni colonization in chickens was studied using four human and four poultry isolates of c. jejuni. the c. jejuni strains were able to invade chicken primary cecal epithelial crypt cells in a predominantly microtubule-dependent way (five out of eight strains). inva ... | 2008 | 18187272 |
| role of campylobacter jejuni respiratory oxidases and reductases in host colonization. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis. the c. jejuni genome sequence predicts a branched electron transport chain capable of utilizing multiple electron acceptors. mutants were constructed by disrupting the coding regions of the respiratory enzymes nitrate reductase (napa::cm), nitrite reductase (nrfa::cm), dimethyl sulfoxide, and trimethylamine n-oxide reductase (termed cj0264::cm) and the two terminal oxidases, a cyanide-insensitive oxidase (cy ... | 2008 | 18192421 |
| real-time pcr approach for detection of environmental sources of campylobacter strains colonizing broiler flocks. | reducing colonization of poultry flocks by campylobacter spp. is a key strategy in the control and prevention human campylobacteriosis. horizontal transmission of campylobacters, from in and around the farm, is the presumed route of flock colonization. however, the identification and prioritization of sources are confounded by the ubiquitous nature of these organisms in the environment, their poor rates of recovery by standard culture methods, and the need for cost-effective and timely methods f ... | 2008 | 18203857 |
| risk factors for infection with campylobacter jejuni flaa genotypes. | we aimed to explore campylobacter genotype-specific risk factors in australia. isolates collected prospectively from cases recruited into a case-control study were genotyped using flaa restriction fragment-length polymorphism typing (flaa genotyping). exposure information for cases and controls was collected by telephone interview. risk factors were examined for major flaa genotypes using logistic and multinomial regression. five flaa genotypes accounted for 325 of 590 (55%) cases - flaa-6b (n=1 ... | 2008 | 18205975 |
| trends in antibiotic sensitivity pattern and molecular detection of tet(o)-mediated tetracycline resistance in campylobacter jejuni isolates from human and poultry sources. | this study was conducted to determine the trends in campylobacter antibiotic resistance occurring in our setting and to assess the differences in the isolates using patterns of plasmid profiles. one hundred campylobacter jejuni strains of human and poultry origin isolated in 2002-2003 (phase a) and 2005-2006 (phase b) in the kingdom of bahrain were evaluated. susceptibility to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was determined, and plasmid extraction and polymerase chain reaction detect ... | 2008 | 18219143 |
| camplyobacter empyema due to food aspiration. | | 2008 | 18257052 |
| detection of campylobacter jejuni from the skin of broiler chickens, ducks, squab, quail, and guinea fowl carcasses. | campylobacter jejuni is often found on broiler carcasses and can cause gastroenteritis in humans. both carcass rinses and swabs of the skin have been utilized to ascertain the prevalence of c. jejuni in the processing plant. not all poultry commodities are equally capable of carrying c. jejuni on the carcass skin. our objective was to measure the probability of c. jejuni detection (sensitivity) for the skin swabbing method followed by enrichment in semisolid media, and to ascertain the sensitivi ... | 2008 | 18260815 |
| a temperature-regulated campylobacter jejuni gluconate dehydrogenase is involved in respiration-dependent energy conservation and chicken colonization. | campylobacter jejuni is a gastrointestinal pathogen of humans but can asymptomatically colonize the avian gut. c. jejuni therefore grows at both 37 degrees c and 42 degrees c, the internal temperatures of humans and birds respectively. microarray and proteomic studies on temperature regulation in c. jejuni strain 81-176 revealed the upregulation at 42 degrees c of two proteins, cj0414 and cj0415, orthologous to gluconate dehydrogenase (gadh) from pectobacterium cypripedii. 81-176 demonstrated ga ... | 2008 | 18284594 |