| seasonal variations in clostridium difficile infections are associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus activity independently of antibiotic prescriptions: a time series analysis in quebec, canada. | seasonal variations in clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad), with a higher incidence occurring during winter months, have been reported. although winter epidemics of respiratory viruses may be temporally associated with an increase in cdad morbidity, we hypothesized that this association is mainly due to increased antibiotic use for respiratory infections. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the two most frequent respiratory viruses (influenza virus and respirat ... | 2011 | 22106208 |
| autophagy-mediated dendritic cell activation is essential for innate cytokine production and apc function with respiratory syncytial virus responses. | the regulation of innate immune responses during viral infection is a crucial step to promote antiviral reactions. recent studies have drawn attention to a strong relationship of pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition with autophagy for activation of apc function. our initial observations indicated that autophagosomes formed in response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of dendritic cells (dc). to further investigate whether rsv-induced dc activation and innate cytokine p ... | 2011 | 21911604 |
| a respiratory syncytial virus isolate enables the testing of virucidal products. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is known as a major cause of respiratory infections and nosocomial diseases. testing this virus is rather difficult due to the problems encountered in producing it at a high titer without using any purification method. a rsv isolate which replicates to high level on a hep-2 cell line with an infectious titer of at least 10(7)tcid(50)ml(-1) in culture supernatant fluids has been identified. thanks to this isolate, the virucidal effects of two products, a hand ... | 2011 | 22079427 |
| high frequency of human bocavirus 1 dna in infants and adults with lower acute respiratory infection. | human bocavirus (hbov) is a parvovirus with a possible etiological role in respiratory disease currently under investigation. we detected hbov1 in children and adults hospitalized with acute disease of the lower respiratory tract. hbov genome was detected by pcr in nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 75 patients aged 0-89 years old during 2010. hbov was found in 17/75 (22.7%) patients, 64.7% of them infants younger than 1 year old and 29.4% adults older than 30 years (the bimodal age distribu ... | 2011 | 22116985 |
| Primary airway epithelial cultures from children are highly permissive to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of airway epithelial cells (AECs) is an important initial event in RSV bronchiolitis. AEC immunological responses are thought to be critical in driving the subsequent inflammation in the airway. This study examined viral replication, cytotoxicity and cytokine production in cultures of primary AECs from children compared with responses to RSV infection in an immortalised epithelial cell line and to those from infants with RSV bronchiolitis. ... | 2012 | 21865207 |
| natural polymorphisms and resistance-associated mutations in the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv): effects on rsv susceptibility to palivizumab. | specific mutations in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein can cause palivizumab resistance. we assessed the incidence of sequence polymorphisms and palivizumab resistance in clinical rsv isolates collected from immunoprophylaxis-naive subjects. polymorphisms were identified at low frequency, and only polymorphic mutations in antigenic site a (<1% of all polymorphisms) conferred palivizumab resistance. | 2011 | 22184728 |
| reduced inflammation and altered innate response in neonates during paramyxoviral infection. | abstract: background: human infants are frequently hospitalized due to infection with the paramyxovirus respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). however, very little is known about the neonatal response to paramyxoviral infection. here, a neonatal model of paramyxoviral infection is developed using the mouse pathogen sendai virus (sev). results: adult mice infected with sev developed a predominantly neutrophilic inflammatory cell influx and a concomitant reduction in lung function, as determined by ... | 2011 | 22185352 |
| viral-bacterial interactions and risk of acute otitis media complicating upper respiratory tract infection. | acute otitis media (aom) is a common complication of upper respiratory tract infection whose pathogenesis involves both viruses and bacteria. we examined risks of acute otitis media associated with specific combinations of respiratory viruses and acute otitis media bacterial pathogens. data were from a prospective study of children ages 6 to 36 months and included viral and bacterial culture and quantitative pcr for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human bocavirus, and human metapneumovirus. r ... | 2011 | 21900518 |
| partial depletion of natural cd4⁺cd25⁺ regulatory t cells with anti-cd25 antibody does not alter the course of acute influenza a virus infection. | foxp3⁺cd4⁺ regulatory t cells represent a t cell subset with well-characterized immunosuppressive effects during immune homeostasis and chronic infections, and there is emerging evidence to suggest these cells temper pulmonary inflammation in response to acute viral infection. recent studies have demonstrated treatment with pc61 cd25-depleting antibody potentiates inflammation in a murine model of rsv infection, while paradoxically delaying recruitment of cd8⁺ t cells to the site of inflammation ... | 2011 | 22125630 |
| comparison of differing cytopathic effects in human airway epithelium of parainfluenza virus 5 (w3a), parainfluenza virus type 3, and respiratory syncytial virus. | parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5) infects a wide range of animals including dogs, pigs, cats, and humans; however, its association with disease in humans remains controversial. in contrast to parainfluenza virus 3 (piv3) or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), piv5 is remarkably non-cytopathic in monolayer cultures of immortalized epithelial cells. to compare the cytopathology produced by these viruses in a relevant human tissue, we infected an in vitro model of human ciliated airway epithelium and mea ... | 2011 | 21986028 |
| nanobodies® specific for respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein protect against infection by inhibition of fusion. | despite the medical importance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections, there is no vaccine or therapeutic agent available. prophylactic administration of palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal rsv fusion (f) protein-specific antibody, can protect high-risk children. previously, we have demonstrated that rsv can be neutralized by picomolar concentrations of a camelid immunoglobulin single-variable domain that binds the rsv protein f (f-vhhb nanobodies). here, we investigated the mechanism b ... | 2011 | 21998474 |
| sequences in gibbon ape leukemia virus envelope that confer sensitivity to hiv-1 accessory protein vpu. | hiv-1 efficiently forms pseudotyped particles with many gammaretrovirus glycoproteins, such as friend murine leukemia virus (f-mlv) env, but not with the related gibbon ape leukemia virus (galv) env or with a chimeric f-mlv env with a galv cytoplasmic tail domain (ctd). this incompatibility is modulated by the hiv-1 accessory protein vpu. because the galv env ctd does not resemble tetherin or cd4, the well-studied targets of vpu, we sought to characterize the modular sequence in the galv env ctd ... | 2011 | 21917962 |
| respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein g interacts with dc-sign and l-sign to activate erk1 and erk2. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) interaction with epithelial and dendritic cells (dcs) is known to require divalent cations, suggesting involvement of c-type lectins. rsv infection and maturation of primary human dcs are reduced in a dose-dependent manner by edta. therefore, we asked whether rsv infection involves dc-sign (cd209) or its isoform l-sign (cd299) (dc-sign/r). using surface plasmon resonance analysis, we demonstrated that the attachment g glycoprotein of rsv binds both dc- and l-sig ... | 2011 | 22090124 |
| Human rhinoviruses in severe respiratory disease in very low birth weight infants. | Objectives: To assess incidence, burden of illness, and risk factors for human rhinoviruses (HRVs) in a cohort of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: A 2-year prospective cohort study was conducted among VLBW premature infants in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Infants were enrolled in the NICU from June 1, 2003, to May 31, 2005, and managed monthly and with every acute respiratory illness (ARI) during the first year of life. Nasal wash samples were obtained during every respiratory episode ... | 2012 | 22201153 |
| natural killer cells are involved in acute lung immune injury caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection. | it is known that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the main cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. rsv infection often leads to severe acute lung immunopathology, but the underlying immune mechanisms are less elucidated. here, we found that rsv infection induced severe acute lung immune injury and promoted the accumulation and activation of lung natural killer (nk) cells at the early stage of infection in balb/c mice. activated lung nk cells highly expressed activating recept ... | 2011 | 22171263 |
| inosine-containing rna is a novel innate immune recognition element and reduces rsv infection. | during viral infections, single- and double-stranded rna (ssrna and dsrna) are recognized by the host and induce innate immune responses. the cellular enzyme adar-1 (adenosine deaminase acting on rna-1) activation in virally infected cells leads to presence of inosine-containing rna (ino-rna). here we report that ss-ino-rna is a novel viral recognition element. we synthesized unmodified ssrna and ssrna that had 6% to16% inosine residues. the results showed that in primary human cells, or in mice ... | 2011 | 22028885 |
| resveratrol-mediated gamma interferon reduction prevents airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in respiratory syncytial virus-infected immunocompromised mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of severe, lower respiratory tract infections in infants, and rsv infections have been associated with chronic wheezing and asthma during childhood. however, the mechanism of rsv-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) is poorly understood. furthermore, there are presently neither effective vaccines nor drugs available for the prevention or treatment of rsv infections. in this study, we investigated the effect ... | 2011 | 21937650 |
| down syndrome and hospitalizations due to respiratory syncytial virus: a population-based study. | objective: to assess the risk estimates for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization in children with down syndrome (ds) and the clinical features and severity of rsv lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in hospitalized children. study design: statewide hospitalization data for children with ds for 1995 through 2006 from the colorado health and hospital association database were combined with birth data from the colorado department of public health and environment to obtain populati ... | 2011 | 22177993 |
| immunoprotectivity of hla-a2 ctl peptides derived from respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein in hla-a2 transgenic mouse. | identification of hla-restricted cd8+ t cell epitopes is important to study rsv-induced immunity and illness. we algorithmically analyzed the sequence of the fusion protein (f) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and generated synthetic peptides that can potentially bind to hla-a*0201. four out of the twenty-five 9-mer peptides tested: peptides 3 (f33-41), 13 (f214-222), 14 (f273-281), and 23 (f559-567), were found to bind to hla-a*0201 with moderate to high affinity and were capable of inducin ... | 2011 | 21980478 |
| Cholesterol-rich Microdomains as Docking Platforms for Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the major causes of respiratory infections in children and it is the main pathogen causing bronchiolitis in infants. The binding and entry mechanism by which RSV infects respiratory epithelial cells has not yet been determined. In this study, the earliest stages of RSV infection in normal human bronchial epithelial cells were probed by tracking virions with fluorescent lipophilic dyes in their membranes. Virions colocalized with cholesterol-containing ... | 2011 | 22090136 |
| identification of potential human respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus t cell epitopes using computational prediction and mhc binding assays. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (mpv) are two of the most common causes of serious viral lower respiratory tract illness in humans. cd8+ t cells have been shown to be important in animal models and human clinical studies for the clearance of viral infection, and they may contribute in part to protection against severe disease during reinfections. precise enumeration and accurate phenotyping of rsv- or mpv-specific cd8+ t cells in humans is currently limited by t ... | 2011 | 21854782 |
| juxtaposition of two distant, serine-arginine-rich protein-binding elements is required for optimal polyadenylation in rous sarcoma virus. | the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) polyadenylation site (pas) is very poorly used in vitro due to suboptimal upstream and downstream elements, and yet ∼85% of viral transcripts are polyadenylated in vivo. the mechanisms that orchestrate polyadenylation at the weak pas are not completely understood. it was previously shown that serine-arginine (sr)-rich proteins stimulate rsv pas use in vitro and in vivo. it has been proposed that viral rna polyadenylation is stimulated through a nonproductive splice c ... | 2011 | 21849435 |
| The first two nucleotides of the respiratory syncytial virus antigenome RNA replication product can be selected independently of the promoter terminus. | There is limited knowledge regarding how the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of the nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses initiate genome replication. In a previous study of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) RNA replication, we found evidence that the polymerase could select the 5'-ATP residue of the genome RNA independently of the 3' nucleotide of the template. To investigate if a similar mechanism is used during antigenome synthesis, a study of initiation from the RSV leader (Le) promoter was ... | 2011 | 21878549 |
| The post-infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study. | Please cite this paper as: Ikematsu et al. (2011) The post-infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00296.x. Objectives Influenza can be a serious illness, especially for older people, and reducing the impact of influenza in elderly is important. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and postinfection outcomes of in ... | 2011 | 21985038 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract viral disease in infants and young children. presently, there are no explicit recommendations for rsv treatment apart from supportive care. the virus is therefore responsible for an estimated 160,000 deaths per year worldwide. despite half a century of dedicated research, there remains no licensed vaccine product. herein are described past and current efforts to harness innate and adaptive immune potentials to comb ... | 2011 | 21988307 |
| Viral aetiology of influenza-like illness in Belgium during the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemic. | The purpose of this investigation was to determine the proportion of influenza-like illness (ILI) attributable to specific viruses during the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemic and to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of ILI due to respiratory viruses in Belgium. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from ILI patients by general practitioners (GPs) and paediatricians (PediSurv) and analysed for viruses. Of 139 samples collected from children <5 years of age by PediSurv, 86 were pos ... | 2011 | 21901635 |
| CT of viral lower respiratory tract infections in adults: comparison among viral organisms and between viral and bacterial infections. | We retrospectively compared the CT findings of consecutive viral and bacterial lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) to determine their imaging appearance and any definable differences among the causative viruses and between the viral and bacterial infections. | 2011 | 22021500 |
| Evidence for a causal relationship between respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma. | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects all children early in life, is the most common cause of infant lower respiratory tract infections, and causes disease exacerbations in children with asthma. Episodes of lower respiratory tract infection in early life are associated with asthma development. Whether RSV infection early in life directly causes asthma or simply identifies infants who are genetically predisposed to develop subsequent wheezing is debatable. Recent studies suggest that these tw ... | 2011 | 21905783 |
| dp2 (crth2) antagonism reduces ocular inflammation induced by allergen challenge and respiratory syncytial virus. | background: allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by itchy, watery and swollen eyes which occur in response to exposure to seasonal or environmental allergens. the early phase reaction of allergic conjunctivitis is primarily mediated by mast cell degranulation while the late phase reaction is driven by th2 cells and eosinophils. prostaglandin d(2) (pgd(2)), released from mast cells, is present in allergic conjunctival tears and may elicit classical allergic responses via interaction with the ... | 2011 | 22042170 |
| viral infection induces expression of novel phased micrornas from conserved cellular microrna precursors. | rna silencing, mediated by small rnas including micrornas (mirnas) and small interfering rnas (sirnas), is a potent antiviral or antibacterial mechanism, besides regulating normal cellular gene expression critical for development and physiology. to gain insights into host small rna metabolism under infections by different viruses, we used solexa/illumina deep sequencing to characterize the small rna profiles of rice plants infected by two distinct viruses, rice dwarf virus (rdv, dsrna virus) and ... | 2011 | 21901091 |
| Central role of dendritic cells in shaping the adaptive immune response during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in young children. Premature infants, immunocompromised individuals and the elderly exhibit the highest risk for the development of severe RSV-induced disease. Murine studies demonstrate that CD8 T cells mediate RSV clearance from the lungs. Murine studies also indicate that the host immune response contributes to RSV-induced morbidity as T-cell depletion prevents the development of disease despite sustaine ... | 2011 | 21887154 |
| A sensitive real-time PCR for detection and subgrouping of human respiratory syncytial virus. | Improved diagnostic tools for rapid detection, quantitation, and subgrouping of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are needed to aid the development and evaluation of novel intervention strategies. A quantitative real-time RT-PCR using specific locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes was developed to identify RSV and to distinguish RSV subgroups A and B (RSV LNA assay). RSV subgroup diversity and the relationship between viral load and disease severity in confirmed RSV infections were also explore ... | 2012 | 22119628 |
| antiviral activity in vitro of two preparations of the herbal medicinal product sinupret® against viruses causing respiratory infections. | sinupret(®), a herbal medicinal product made from gentian root, primula flower, elder flower, sorrel herb, and verbena herb is frequently used in the treatment of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis and respiratory viral infections such as common cold. to date little is known about its potential antiviral activity. therefore experiments have been performed to measure the antiviral activity of sinupret(®) oral drops (hereinafter referred to as "oral drops") and sinupret(®) dry extract (hereinafter r ... | 2011 | 22112724 |
| whole genome sequencing and evolutionary analysis of human respiratory syncytial virus a and b from milwaukee, wi 1998-2010. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory-tract infections in infants and young children worldwide. despite this, only six complete genome sequences of original strains have been previously published, the most recent of which dates back 35 and 26 years for rsv group a and group b respectively. | 2011 | 21998661 |
| Induction of mucosal and systemic immunity against respiratory syncytial virus by inactivated virus supplemented with TLR9 and NOD2 ligands. | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most important viral cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and children worldwide and also forms a serious threat in the elderly. The development of RSV vaccine, however, has been hampered by the disastrous outcome of an earlier trial using an inactivated and parenterally administered RSV vaccine which did not confer protection but rather primed for enhanced disease upon natural infection. Mucosal administration does not seem to prime f ... | 2012 | 22120195 |
| relationship between the population incidence of febrile convulsions in young children in sydney, australia and seasonal epidemics of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, 2003-2010: a time series analysis. | in 2010, intense focus was brought to bear on febrile convulsions in australian children particularly in relation to influenza vaccination. febrile convulsions are relatively common in infants and can lead to hospital admission and severe outcomes. we aimed to examine the relationships between the population incidence of febrile convulsions and influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) seasonal epidemics in children less than six years of age in sydney australia using routinely collected s ... | 2011 | 22029484 |
| impact of influenza during the post-pandemic season: epidemiological picture from syndromic and virological surveillance. | following the observation that 1 or 2 pandemic peak due to the circulation ofahinlv had occurred in most countries and in most world health organization (who) regions, who declared on august 10"h, 2010 that the world was moving into the post-pandemic period, whose surveillance presents considerable interest both from epidemiological and clinical point of view. we described the epidemiological picture emerged from syndromic and virological surveillance during the post-pandemic season in liguria, ... | 2011 | 22010543 |
| serosurvey of bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens among deployed u.s. service members. | respiratory illnesses can cause substantial morbidity during military deployments. bordetella pertussis, chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are hypothesized causes. | 2011 | 22099233 |
| relationship between lower respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus and subsequent development of asthma in japanese children. | several studies in western countries have found that lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infancy may subsequently trigger the development of asthma. in this study, we enrolled 262 infants under the age of 3 who had been admitted to our hospital with lrti between september 2002 and august 2003. rsv infection was diagnosed in these patients using an rsv rapid diagnostic kit and by measuring antibody titers in paired serum samples. in march ... | 2011 | 21937828 |
| The insertion of fluorescent proteins in a variable region of respiratory syncytial virus L polymerase results in fluorescent and functional enzymes but with reduced activities. | The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Large protein L is the catalytic subunit of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex. Currently, no structural information is available for RSV L. Sequence alignments of L protein from human and bovine strains of RSV revealed the existence of two variable regions, VR1 and VR2. Following comparison with morbillivirus and rhabdovirus L genes, VR2, which is located between domains V and VI, was chosen as an insertion site for sequences encoding the epitope tag ... | 2011 | 21966341 |
| [Etiology survey on virus of acute respiratory infection in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2009]. | To investigate the pathogens of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2009. | 2011 | 22177307 |
| comparison of the filmarray respiratory panel and prodesse real-time pcr assays for detection of respiratory pathogens. | we compared the diagnostic performance and overall respiratory pathogen detection rate of the premarket version of the filmarray respiratory panel (rp) multiplex pcr assay (idaho technology, inc., salt lake city, ut) with those of the food and drug administration (fda)-cleared prodesse proflu+, profast+, proparaflu+, pro hmpv+, and proadeno+ real-time pcr assays (gen-probe, san diego, ca). the assays were performed on a panel of 192 nasopharyngeal-secretion specimens collected from 81 children u ... | 2011 | 21998418 |
| respiratory syncytial virus--united states, july 2007-june 2011. | each year in the united states, an estimated 75,000-125,000 hospitalizations related to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)occur among children aged <1 year, and rsv infection results in approximately 1.5 million outpatient visits among children aged <5 years. in the united states, rsv season begins in the fall, peaks in winter, and ends in the late winter and early spring. however, the exact timing and duration vary from year to year and by geographic region. to describe trends in rsv seasonality ... | 2011 | 21900874 |
| local interleukin-10 production during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is associated with post-bronchiolitis wheeze. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. following rsv bronchiolitis, 50% of children develop post-bronchiolitis wheeze (pbw). animal studies have suggested that interleukin (il)-10 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rsv bronchiolitis and subsequent airway hyperresponsiveness. previously, we showed that ex vivo monocyte il-10 production is a predictor of pbw. additionally, heterozygosity of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) rs180087 ... | 2011 | 21910858 |
| tumorigenesis related to retroviral infections. | retroviral infections are considered important risk factors for cancer development in humans since approximately 15-20% of cancer worldwide is caused by an infectious agent. this report discusses the most established oncogenic retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv-1 and -2), rous sarcoma virus (rsv), abelson murine leukemia virus (a-mulv), moloney murine leukemia virus (m-mulv), murine mammary tumor virus (mmtv), bovine leukemia virus, (blv ... | 2011 | 22112727 |
| Cost-effectiveness of Palivizumab for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in High-risk Children, Based on Long-term Epidemiologic Data From Austria. | : To assess the cost-effectiveness of palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), in infants at high risk for severe RSV lower respiratory tract infection, such as premature infants, infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and those with congenital heart disease, based on long-term epidemiologic data from Austria. | 2011 | 21960187 |
| human metapneumovirus inhibits ifn-β signaling by downregulating jak1 and tyk2 cellular levels. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, inhibits type i interferon (ifn) signaling by an unidentified mechanism. in this study, we showed that infection of airway epithelial cells with hmpv decreased cellular level of janus tyrosine kinase (jak1) and tyrosine kinase 2 (tyk2), due to enhanced proteosomal degradation and reduced gene transcription. in addition, hmpv infection also reduced the surface expression of type i ifn receptor (ifnar). these ... | 2011 | 21949722 |
| sendai virus-based rsv vaccine protects african green monkeys from rsv infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a serious disease of children, responsible for an estimated 160,000 deaths per year worldwide. despite the ongoing need for global prevention of rsv and decades of research, there remains no licensed vaccine. sendai virus (sev) is a mouse parainfluenza virus-type 1 which has been previously shown to confer protection against its human cousin, human parainfluenza virus-type 1 in african green monkeys (agm). here is described the study of a rsv vaccine (sevrsv) ... | 2011 | 22119594 |
| the prophylaxis and treatment with antiviral agents of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | in this review, we consider recent advances in the discovery and development of antiviral agents for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. a background to the various manifestations of human rsv infection and current treatments is provided. the technical, clinical and commercial issues surrounding the development of such antiviral agents are discussed. | 2011 | 22182737 |
| Label-free quantitative proteomics reveals regulation of interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3) and 5'-3'-exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2) during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | ABSTRACT: A large quantitative study was carried out to compare the proteome of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infected versus uninfected cells in order to determine novel pathways regulated during viral infection. RSV infected and mock-infected HEp2 cells were lysed and proteins separated by preparative isoelectric focussing using offgel fractionation. Following tryptic digestion, purified peptides were characterized using label-free quantitative expression profiling by nano-ultra performanc ... | 2011 | 21933386 |
| mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory tract infections among greek children. | background: m. pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory tract infections (rtis) of variable severity especially in children. new diagnostic techniques offered more reliable information about the epidemiology of infection by this pathogen.aim: the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and epidemiology of acute m. pneumoniae infections among greek children hospitalized for rtis using more advanced techniques.material and methods: the study included 225 greek children hospitalized ... | 2011 | 22110297 |
| Antiviral activity of arbidol, a broad-spectrum drug for use against respiratory viruses, varies according to test conditions. | The therapeutic activity of arbidol was investigated against representatives of seven different virus families. Its 50% median effective concentration (EC(50) ) was 0.22-11.8?µg/ml (0.41-22?nM). Therapeutic indices of 91 were obtained for type 1 poliovirus and 1.9-8.5 for influenza A and B, human paramyxo-3, avian infectious bronchitis-, and Marek's disease viruses. Arbidol was more inhibitory for influenza A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) virus than rimantadine or amantadine (EC(50) 10 vs. >15 and >31.6?µg/ ... | 2012 | 22028179 |
| Purification of human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein. | Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion glycoprotein (F) elicits neutralizing antibodies to RSV and has therefore attracted much attention as a suitable candidate antigen in the development of gene-based vaccines against RSV infections. However, a major obstacle in vaccine development has been the problem of antigen purification. To address this problem, we have developed a new method that combines sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and a two-step chromatographic process, to purify RSV ... | 2012 | 21979254 |
| Structures of respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid protein from two crystal forms: details of potential packing interactions in the native helical form. | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a frequent cause of respiratory illness in infants, but there is currently no vaccine nor effective drug treatment against this virus. The RSV RNA genome is encapsidated and protected by a nucleocapsid protein; this RNA-nucleocapsid complex serves as a template for viral replication. Interest in the nucleocapsid protein has increased owing to its recent identification as the target site for novel anti-RSV compounds. The crystal structure of human respiratory ... | 2011 | 22102022 |
| progress in respiratory virus vaccine development. | viral respiratory infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in infants and young children as well as in at-risk adults and the elderly. although many viral pathogens are capable of causing respiratory disease, vaccine development has to focus on a limited number of pathogens, such as those that commonly cause serious lower respiratory illness (lri). whereas influenza virus vaccines have been available for some time (see the review by clark and lynch in this issue), vaccines against ot ... | 2011 | 21858754 |
| Wheezing lower respiratory disease and vaccination of premature infants. | Premature infants are at increased risk of wheezing in association with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus infections. We assess possible associations between wheezing and routine vaccinations of premature infants. | 2011 | 21875634 |
| quinoline tricyclic derivatives. design, synthesis and evaluation of the antiviral activity of three new classes of rna-dependent rna polymerase inhibitors. | in this study three new classes of linear n-tricyclic compounds, derived by condensation of the quinoline nucleus with 1,2,3-triazole, imidazole or pyrazine, were synthesized, obtaining triazolo[4,5-g]quinolines, imidazo[4,5-g]quinolines and pyrido[2,3-g]quinoxalines, respectively. title compounds were tested in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against rna viruses representative of the three genera of the flaviviridae family, that is bvdv (pestivirus), yfv (flavivirus) a ... | 2011 | 22047799 |
| RSV infection modulates IL-15 production and MICA levels in respiratory epithelial cells. | The cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and MHC class I chain-related proteins (MIC) A and B (MICA/B) are involved in cellular immune responses to virus infections but their role in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has not been studied. We aimed to determine how RSV infection modulates IL-15 production, MHC class I and MICA expression in respiratory epithelial cells, the molecular pathways implicated in virus-induced IL-15 producti ... | 2011 | 21852331 |
| suppression of ns3 and mp is important for the stable inheritance of rnai-mediated rice stripe virus (rsv) resistance obtained by targeting the fully complementary rsv-cp gene. | rice stripe virus (rsv) is a viral disease that seriously impacts rice production in east asia, most notably in korea, china, and japan. highly rsv-resistant transgenic japonica rice plants were generated using a dsrnai construct designed to silence the entire sequence region of the rsv-cp gene. transgenic rice plants were inoculated with a population of viruliferous insects, small brown planthoppers (sbph), and their resistance was evaluated using elisa and an infection rate assay. a correlatio ... | 2011 | 22134721 |
| [Antibody responses induced by mucosal DNA vaccine encoding the codon-optimized F protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) delivered with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium]. | In order to investigate antibody responses by musosal DNA vaccines encoding the codon-optimized F protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) delivered with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium aroA strain SL7207 (SL7207) via intranasal or intragastric routes. | 2011 | 22043798 |
| il-13 regulates th17 secretion of il-17a in an il-10-dependent manner. | il-13 is a central mediator of airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus expression, both hallmarks of asthma. il-13 is found in the sputum of patients with asthma; therefore, il-13 is an attractive drug target for treating asthma. we have shown previously that il-13 inhibits th17 cell production of il-17a and il-21 in vitro. th17 cells are associated with autoimmune diseases, host immune responses, and severe asthma. in this study, we extend our in vitro findings and determine that il-13 increases i ... | 2011 | 22210911 |
| effect of glucocorticoid in mice of asthma induced by ovalbumin sensitisation and rsv infection. | to investigate the inflammatory changes and the airway hyper-responsiveness in the asthma mouse model infected by respiratory syncytial virus and elucidate the relationship between the infection and the effect of glucocorticoid. | 2011 | 21980833 |
| Phase 1 Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Live, Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Vaccine in Seronegative Children. | BACKGROUND:: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) are important causes of lower respiratory tract illness and hospitalization in young children. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine against RSV or PIV3. METHODS:: In this randomized, phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating study, 49 healthy RSV/PIV3-seronegative children 6 to <24 months of age were randomized 2:1 to receive 3 doses (at 104, 105, or 106 median tissue culture infective dose [ ... | 2011 | 21926667 |
| the anti-apoptotic effect of respiratory syncytial virus on human peripheral blood neutrophils is mediated by a monocyte derived soluble factor. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes annual epidemics of respiratory disease particularly affecting infants. the associated airway inflammation is characterized by an intense neutrophilia. this neutrophilic inflammation appears to be responsible for much of the pathology and symptoms. previous work from our group had shown that there are factors within the airways of infants with rsv bronchiolitis that inhibit neutrophil apoptosis. this study was undertaken to determine if rsv can directly a ... | 2011 | 22046209 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an enveloped rna virus in the paramyxovirus family, is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, accounting for ~100,000 pediatric hospitalizations and 250 deaths annually in the united states. despite primarily being recognized as a pediatric pathogen, rsv reinfection causes substantial disease in all adult populations, including healthy young persons, old and frail individuals, those with chronic obstructive ... | 2011 | 21858747 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection and the tight junctions of nasal epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) primarily infects upper respiratory tract cells, mainly nasal epithelial cells. the tight junctions of nasal epithelial cells are thought to perform important innate immune function against foreign materials including respiratory viruses. we investigated in vitro the relationship of rsv infection and the tight junctions of primary nasal epithelial cells which had been transfected with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) to prolong cell life. nasal epi ... | 2011 | 21865717 |
| impact of respiratory syncytial virus: the nurse's perspective. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a highly contagious virus, and is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and toddlers worldwide. rsv infection poses serious health risks to young children during the first 2 years of life. several infant populations have been classified as high risk, and additional risk factors are known to increase the likelihood of severe rsv infection. treatment for active rsv infection is limited to the symptoms of infection rather than the unde ... | 2011 | 21902285 |
| the hiv-1 nucleocapsid protein does not function as a transcriptional activator on its own cognate promoter. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) nucleocapsid (nc) is a multifunctional, zinc finger-containing protein known to be involved in almost every step of the viral life cycle. we therefore examined the effects of nc in vivo as a transcription activator on the basal transcriptional activity of the hiv-1 u3 and rous sarcoma virus (rsv) promoters, as well as hiv-1 long terminal repeats (ltrs) such as the u3r and u3ru5 regions, using promoter-fused reporter gene assays, western blot analys ... | 2011 | 22119402 |
| increased replication of respiratory syncytial virus in the presence of cytokeratin 8 and 18. | previously, it was reported that productive viral infection, viral protein synthesis, and viral rna replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) operated efficiently in two human epithelial cell lines (hep-2 and a549), but not in a human mast-cell line, hmc-1. based on these observations, it was hypothesized that hmc-1 cells lack the machinery required for rsv replication. to identify the host factors required for rsv replication, cdna subtraction using a549, hep-2, and hmc-1 cells was perfo ... | 2012 | 22170560 |
| microrna-221 modulates rsv replication in human bronchial epithelium by targeting ngf expression. | early-life infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is associated with aberrant expression of the prototypical neurotrophin nerve growth factor (ngf) and its cognate receptors in human bronchial epithelium. however, the chain of events leading to this outcome, and its functional implications for the progression of the viral infection, has not been elucidated. this study sought to test the hypothesis that rsv infection modulates neurotrophic pathways in human airways by silencing the expres ... | 2012 | 22272270 |
| epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in two long-term refugee camps in kenya, 2007-2010. | abstract: background: refugees are at risk for poor outcomes from acute respiratory infections (ari) because of overcrowding, suboptimal living conditions, and malnutrition. we implemented surveillance for respiratory viruses in dadaab and kakuma refugee camps in kenya to characterize their role in the epidemiology of ari among refugees. methods: from 1 september 2007 through 31 august 2010, we obtained nasopharyngeal (np) and oropharyngeal (op) specimens from patients with influenza-like illne ... | 2012 | 22251705 |
| [rhinoviruses. frequency in nonhospitalized children with acute respiratory infection]. | molecular methods for human rhinoviruses (hrv) have increased the sensitivity in their diagnosis. hrv may cause acute respiratory infections (ari) of the upper and lower respiratory tract. hrv infection during childhood is a predictor of asthma development. in this study, the hrv frequency in outpatient children with ari was determined, and their clinical features and previous conditions were evaluated. a total of 186 respiratory samples of children under 6 year old attending the cemic pediatric ... | 2012 | 22257453 |
| regulatory t cells expressing granzyme b play a critical role in controlling lung inflammation during acute viral infection. | the inflammatory response to lung infections must be tightly regulated, enabling pathogen elimination while maintaining crucial gas exchange. using recently described "depletion of regulatory t cell" (dereg) mice, we found that selective depletion of regulatory t cells (tregs) during acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection enhanced viral clearance but increased weight loss, local cytokine and chemokine release, and t-cell activation and cellular influx into the lungs. conversely, infla ... | 2012 | 22236998 |
| molecular evolution of respiratory syncytial virus fusion gene, canada, 2006-2010. | to assess molecular evolution of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion gene, we analyzed rsv-positive specimens from 123 children in canada who did or did not receive rsv immunoprophylaxis (palivizumab) during 2006-2010. resistance-conferring mutations within the palivizumab binding site occurred in 8.7% of palivizumab recipients and none of the nonrecipients. | 2012 | 22264682 |
| [development and characterization of a stable cell line expressing respiratory syncytial virus non-structural protein ns1]. | to develop a stable cell line that could express the rsv ns1, the full-length rsv ns1 gene was generated by rt-pcr amplification from respiratory syncytial virus. ns1 gene was ligated with pbabe-puro to construct the recombinant retroviral expression plasmid pbabe-ns1, which was cotransfected into 293ft packaging cells with pik packaging plasmid by calcium phosphate co-precipitation. the supernatant of 293ft was collected to infect hep-2 cells, the resulting cell clones stably expressing ns1 wer ... | 2011 | 22263272 |
| respiratory syncytial virus morbidity, premorbid factors, seasonality, and implications for prophylaxis. | objectives: we investigated factors associated with morbidity and pediatric intensive care unit (picu) admission in children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and explored seasonality and implication of prophylaxis. methods: a retrospective study between 2006 and 2008 of every child with a laboratory-confirmed rsv infection was included. results: six hundred seventy rsv admissions were identified. ten (1.5%) required picu admissions. children admitted to picu were younger than non ... | 2012 | 22227087 |
| proteins involved in extracellular matrix dynamics are associated with rsv disease severity. | severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection ranges widely. to what extent the local immune response is involved in rsv disease pathogenesis and which markers of this response are critical in determining disease severity is still matter of debate.the local immune response was studied in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) during rsv infection. forty-seven potential markers of disease severity were analysed in a screening cohort of rsv-infected infants with mild disease at home (n=8), hosp ... | 2012 | 22267765 |
| role of neutralizing antibodies in adults with community-acquired pneumonia by respiratory syncytial virus. | background. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been implicated in the etiology of adult community-acquired pneumonia (cap). we investigated rsv infection in chilean adults with cap using direct viral detection, real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtrt-pcr), and serology (microneutralization assay).methods. rsv, other respiratory viruses, and bacteria were studied by conventional and molecular techniques in adults aged ≥18 years presenting with cap to the healthcare faci ... | 2012 | 22238168 |
| comparison of direct fluorescence assay and real-time rt-pcr as diagnostics for respiratory syncytial virus in young children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children worldwide. early detection of rsv is critical to initiate proper care. two methods, the direct fluorescence assay (dfa) and the real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-rt-pcr), that are used for rsv detection were compared. a total of 451 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children 5 years of age or less were tested for rsv using both methods. the overall prevalence rate of the ... | 2011 | 22220181 |
| independent structural domains in the paramyxovirus polymerase protein. | all enzymatic activities required for genomic replication and transcription of nonsegmented negative strand rna viruses (nnsv or mononegavirales) are believed to be concentrated in the viral polymerase (l) protein. however, our insight into the organization of these different enzymatic activities into a bioactive tertiary structure remains rudimentary. fragments of mononegavirales polymerases analyzed to date cannot restore bioactivity through trans-complementation, unlike the related l proteins ... | 2012 | 22215662 |
| viral etiology in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. | this study was performed to investigate the viral etiological agents, age distribution and clinical manifestations of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in hospitalized children. the viral etiology and clinical findings in 147 children (1 month to 5 years of age) hospitalized with acute lrti were evaluated. cell culture was used for isolation of influenza viruses and direct fluorescent antibody assay for parainfluenza viruses (pivs), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenoviruses (advs ... | 2011 | 22272450 |
| a systems approach for identifying resistance factors to rice stripe virus. | rice stripe virus (rsv) causes disease that can severely affect the productivity of rice (oryza sativa). several rsv resistant cultivars have been developed. however, host factors conferring rsv resistance in these cultivars are still elusive. here, we present a systems approach for identifying potential rice resistance factors. we developed two near isogenic rsv resistant (nil22) and susceptible (nil37) lines and performed gene expression profiling of the two lines in rsv infected and uninfecte ... | 2012 | 22217248 |
| activation of lymphocytes induced by bronchial epithelial cells with prolonged rsv infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) preferentially infects airway epithelial cells,which might be responsible for susceptibility to asthma; however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. this study determined the activation of lymphocytes and drift of helper t (th) subsets induced by rsv-infected human bronchial epithelial cells (hbecs) in vitro. hbecs had prolonged infection with rsv, and lymphocytes isolated from human peripheral blood were co-cultured with rsv-infected hbecs. four groups were ... | 2011 | 22216085 |
| pathological observations of lung inflammation after administration of ip-10 in influenza virus- and respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice. | pneumonia is a common complication of influenza virus infection and a common cause of death of patients. the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (ip-10) is an important chemokine in the development of airway inflammation caused by certain viruses. mice were infected with influenza virus after administration of murine ip-10 and the severity of pneumonia was compared with the group which was infected with influenza virus alone. another mice group was ... | 2011 | 22969848 |
| [acute bronchiolitis: a prospective study]. | bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory infection in children under 2 years old. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequently involved etiologic agent. | 2011 | 22849929 |
| epidemiology, aetiology and management of childhood acute community-acquired pneumonia in developing countries--a review. | childhood acute community-acquired pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. in children who have not received prior antibiotic therapy, the main bacterial causes of clinical pneumonia in developing countries are streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), and the main viral cause is respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), but estimates of their relative importance vary in different settings. the only vaccines for the prevention o ... | 2011 | 22783679 |
| [ppargamma agonists against respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro study]. | to search the effect of ppargamma agonists for infection of rsv in vitro. | 2011 | 22734242 |
| structural analysis of mhc alleles in an rsv tumour regression chicken using a bac library. | the chicken major histocompatibility complex (mhc-b locus) has a strong association with resistance and susceptibility to numerous diseases. we have found a b haplotype designated wla that associated with the regression of tumours caused by rous sarcoma virus j strain (rsv-j). haplotype wla was identical to the regressive b6 haplotype when partial genotyping was performed (poultry science, 89, 2010, 651). we then constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library from a wla homozygote c ... | 2011 | 22486511 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in special populations: is it something worth considering in cystic fibrosis and immunosuppression? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the united states. prophylaxis with palivizumab is effective in reducing rsv hospitalizations in premature infants and in infants or children with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease. patients with cf or those who are immunocompromised may be at increased risk for rsv infection-related complications; hence, prophylaxis may prove beneficial to these populations. the extent of palivizumab ... | 2011 | 22477829 |
| a challenge to appropriate antibiotic use in children with respiratory infections: a 5-year single-institution experience. | we have studied the rate of emergence of antibiotic-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae) and haemophilus influenzae (h. influenzae) and the subsequent antibiotic use in host patients of those isolates at the department of pediatrics, soma general hospital, fukushima. moreover, we carried out several studies investigating the risks and benefits of antibiotic-free treatment for children with respiratory infections. in this report, we summarize our research and suggest better treatmen ... | 2011 | 22353649 |
| [three years surveillance of viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children from 2007 to 2010]. | viruses are common pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alrti) in children. there are few studies on consecutive monitoring of viral pathogens of alrti in a larger cohort during the past several years. the aim of this study was to investigate the viral pathogens of alrti in children of different age groups and to outline the epidemic feature of different viruses. | 2011 | 22321179 |
| antiviral activities of diarylheptanoids isolated from alpinia officinarum against respiratory syncytial virus, poliovirus, measles virus, and herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro. | alpinia officinarum has been used as a folk medicine and contains diarylheptanoids that have various biological activities. however, their antiviral activities are less elucidated. we examined the antiviral activities of nine diarylheptanoids isolated from a. officinarum against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), poliovirus, measles virus, and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) using a plaque reduction assay. the 50% inhibitory concentrations of seven of the nine diarylheptanoids for rsv were m ... | 2011 | 22312729 |
| is chronic rhinosinusitis caused by persistent respiratory virus infection? | many chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) patients recall an upper respiratory tract infection as the inciting event of their chronic illness. viral infections have been shown to cause obstruction of the osteomeatal complex, which is likely to be a critical step in the development of crs. there is clear overlap between the pathogenesis of crs and asthma. infections with respiratory viruses in childhood increase the risk of subsequently developing asthma. viral infections in established asthmatics are as ... | 2011 | 22287325 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with neuromuscular impairment. | clinically obvious reasons why children with neurological impairment (nmi) may be more severely affected in case of a viral respiratory tract infection include reduced vital capacity due to muscular weakness or spastic scoliosis, disturbed clearance of respiratory excretions (weak coughing and dysphagia), inability to comply actively with physiotherapeutic interventions, recurrent micro-aspirations (gastroesophageal reflux disease, vomiting related to coughing), a history of frequent exposure to ... | 2011 | 22262988 |
| risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection. | rsv infection is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection, especially in high-risk infants with a history of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd), congenital heart disease (chd), neuromusculair impairment, immunodeficiency, and down syndrome. host related risk factors that have been identified to be associated with severe rsv related lower respiratory tract infection include young age below 6 months at the beginning of rsv season, multiple birth, male sex, low socioeconomic ... | 2011 | 22262987 |
| epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in preterm infants. | this review focuses on the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in preterm infants with and without chronic lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bpd). the year-to-year and seasonal variations in rsv activity are key aspects of rsv epidemiology, and knowledge/monitoring of local rsv activity is mandatory for guidance of prophylaxis with the monoclonal antibodies palivizumab and in the near future motavizumab. morbidity expressed in rates of hospitalizations attributable to r ... | 2011 | 22262986 |
| diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most important pathogen causing severe lower respiratory tract infections in all age groups often requiring hospitalization. rapid laboratory diagnosis of rsv infection significantly decreases the use of antibiotics, additional laboratory testing and is associated with shorter hospitalization periods. the specific diagnosis of rsv infection is based on the detection of virus or viral antigens or virus specific nucleic acid sequences in respiratory ... | 2011 | 22262985 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on regulated on activation, normal t-cells expressed and secreted production in a murine model of asthma. | synthesis of regulated on activation, normal t-cells expressed and secreted (rantes) in the airway has previously been shown to be elevated after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. however, since few studies have examined whether rsv-infected asthma patients express a higher level of rantes than do normal individuals, we used a murine model of asthma to address this question. | 2011 | 22253642 |
| wheezing in infancy. | several population-based birth cohort studies documented that 30% of children suffer from wheezing during respiratory infections before their third birthday. infants are prone to wheeze because of anatomic factors related to the lung and chest wall in addition to immunologic and molecular influences in comparison to older children. viral infections lead to immunologic derangements that cause wheezing both in immunocompetent and immunodeficient infants. anatomic causes of wheeze may be extrinsic ... | 2011 | 23282443 |
| respiratory virus laboratory pandemic planning and surveillance in central viet nam, 2008-2010. | laboratory capacity is needed in central viet nam to provide early warning to public health authorities of respiratory outbreaks of importance to human health, for example the outbreak of influenza a(h1n1) pandemic in 2009. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedures established as part of a capacity-building process were used to conduct prospective respiratory surveillance in a region where few previous studies have been undertaken. | 2012 | 23908924 |