| nsltp1 and nsltp2 isoforms in soft wheat (triticum aestivum cv. centauro) and farro (triticum dicoccon schrank) bran. | isoforms of nonspecific lipid-transfer protein 1 (nsltp1) and nonspecific lipid-transfer protein 2 (nsltp2) were investigated in bran tissues isolated from caryopses of two cereal crops quite relevant for the italian market, the cultivar centauro of soft wheat (triticum aestivum) and italian emmer or farro (triticum dicoccon schrank). by sequential separation of the bran extracts on cation-exchange and gel filtration chromatographies, fractions containing only proteins belonging to the nsltp1 an ... | 2005 | 16190659 |
| n-acylanilines, herbicide-cha chimera, and amino acid analogues as novel chemical hybridizing agents for wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | in the absence of viable alternative technology of hybrid wheat development, chemical induction of male sterility mediated technology based on chemical hybridizing agents (chas) holds a great potential. n-acylaniline derivatives, namely, ethyl 4'-fluoro oxanilate (1) and ethyl 4'-trifluoromethyl oxanilate (2) containing halogen atoms in the para position of the aryl ring and substituted amide linkage (-co-nh-) in the acyl side chain induced >98% spikelet sterility on three genotypes of wheat, na ... | 2005 | 16190648 |
| molecular mapping of a quantitative trait locus for aluminum tolerance in wheat cultivar atlas 66. | genetic improvement of aluminum (al) tolerance is one of the cost-effective solutions to improve wheat (triticum aestivum) productivity in acidic soils. the objectives of the present study were to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) for al-tolerance and associated pcr-based markers for marker-assisted breeding utilizing cultivar atlas 66. a population of recombinant inbred lines (rils) from the cross atlas 66/century was screened for al-tolerance by measuring root-growth rate during al treatm ... | 2005 | 16189660 |
| production of fertile transgenic wheat plants by laser micropuncture. | a modified, non-damaging, protocol for the production of fertile transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l. cultivar giza 164) plants by laser micropuncture was developed. the new homemade setup secures the transformation of as many as 60 immature embryo-derived calli (10000 cells each) in less than one hour using a uv excimer laser with two dimensional translation stages, a suitable computer program and a proper optical system. five-day-old calli were irradiated by a focused laser microbeam to punc ... | 2005 | 16189555 |
| association analysis of some drought related characters in hexaploid spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the association among yield components and their direct and indirect influence on the grain yield of wheat were investigated. 24 breeding lines were tested in a randomized complete block experiment design with three replications. according to the results the phenotypic correlation among the traits and their path coefficient were estimated. positive significant correlation coefficients were obtained for association between survival rate treatment i, iii, leaf venation, stomatal frequency, osmotic ... | 2015 | 16187252 |
| a 'chinese spring' wheat (triticum aestivum l.) bacterial artificial chromosome library and its use in the isolation of ssr markers for targeted genome regions. | a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library was constructed from the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotype 'chinese spring' ('cs'). the library consists of 395,136 clones with an estimated average insert size of 157 kb. this library provides an estimated 3.4-fold genome coverage for this hexaploid species. the genome coverage was confirmed by rflp analysis of single-copy rflp clones. the cs bac library was used to develop simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers for targeted genome regions ... | 2005 | 16187119 |
| the pdi genes of wheat and their syntenic relationship to the esp2 locus of rice. | the storage protein polymers in the endosperm, stabilised by disulphide bonds, determine a number of processing qualities of wheat dough. the enzyme protein disulphide isomerase (pdi), involved in the formation of disulphide bonds, is strongly suggested to play a role in the formation of wheat storage protein bodies. reports of the rice mutant esp2 exhibiting aberrant storage protein deposition in conjunction with a lack of pdi expression provided strong indications of a direct role for pdi in s ... | 2006 | 16187074 |
| genetic and physiological architecture of early vigor in aegilops tauschii, the d-genome donor of hexaploid wheat. a quantitative trait loci analysis. | plant growth can be studied at different organizational levels, varying from cell, leaf, and shoot to the whole plant. the early growth of seedlings is important for the plant's establishment and its eventual success. wheat (triticum aestivum, genome aabbdd) seedlings exhibit a low early growth rate or early vigor. the germplasm of wheat is limited. wild relatives constitute a source of genetic variation. we explored the physiological and genetic relationships among a range of early vigor traits ... | 2005 | 16183848 |
| assembling complex genotypes to resist fusarium in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | fusarium head blight of wheat is a major deterrent to wheat production world-wide. the genetics of fhb resistance in wheat are becoming clear and there is a good understanding of the genome location of fhb resistance qtl from different sources such as sumai3, wuhan, nyubai and frontana. all the components needed for assembling complex genotypes through large-scale molecular breeding experiments are now available. this experiment used high throughput microsatellite genotyping and half-seed analys ... | 2005 | 16179996 |
| overexpression of tamads1, a sepallata-like gene in wheat, causes early flowering and the abnormal development of floral organs in arabidopsis. | the mads box genes are essential for floral development of arabidopsis because they regulate flowering time and the development of floral organs. in this study, a mads box gene, tamads1, was isolated and characterized from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the analysis of amino acid sequences and phylogenetic tree suggested that the tamads1 gene might be a sepallata (sep)-like gene. rna hybridization indicated that the tamads1 transcripts began to accumulate in spikelets, and then, in floret primord ... | 2006 | 16177912 |
| comparative analysis of the d genome-encoded high-molecular weight subunits of glutenin. | four genes encoding novel 1dx-type high-molecular weight (hmw) subunits were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, two each from aegilops tauschii and bread wheat triticum aestivum. the two subunits from ae. tauschii (1dx2.1(t) and 1dx2(t)) were both very similar in sequence to subunit 1dx2 from bread wheat. in contrast, the two novel bread wheat subunits (1dx2.2 and 1dx2.2*) differed from subunit 1dx2 in having different internally duplicated regions (of 132 and 186 amino acid, respectively) ... | 2005 | 16177903 |
| microsatellite mapping of a triticum urartu tum. derived powdery mildew resistance gene transferred to common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a powdery mildew resistance gene from triticum urartu tum. accession ur206 was successfully transferred into hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) through crossing and backcrossing. the f1 plants, which had 28 chromosomes and an average of 5.32 bivalents and 17.36 univalents in meiotic pollen mother cells (pmc), were obtained through embryos rescued owing to shriveling of endosperm in hybrid seed of cross chinese spring (cs) x ur206. hybrid seeds were produced through backcrossing f1 with commo ... | 2005 | 16177900 |
| map-based isolation of disease resistance genes from bread wheat: cloning in a supersize genome. | the genome of bread wheat is hexaploid and contains 1.6 x 10 10 bp of dna, of which more than 80% is repetitive sequences. its size and complexity represent a challenge for the isolation of agronomically important genes, for which we frequently know only their position on the genetic map. recently, new genomic resources and databases from genome projects have simplified the molecular analysis of the wheat genome. the first genes to be isolated from wheat by map-based cloning include three resist ... | 2005 | 16174327 |
| differential and coordinated expression of cbf and cor/lea genes during long-term cold acclimation in two wheat cultivars showing distinct levels of freezing tolerance. | the cold acclimation process in plants is primarily regulated through the signal transduction pathways that lead to the induction and enhancement of expression of different sets of cor/lea genes. winter wheat 'mironovskaya 808' (m808) exhibited a much higher level of freezing tolerance than spring wheat 'chinese spring' (cs), and the difference became clearer after the long-term cold acclimation. to understand the molecular basis of this cultivar difference, we isolated two cbf/dreb1 homologs, w ... | 2005 | 16172531 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization and seed storage protein analysis of 1a/1d translocation lines of durum wheat. | two durum wheat [triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum (desf.) husn.] lines carrying the high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenin subunits (gs) 1 d x 5 + 1dy10 encoded by glu-d1d, l252 and s99b34, were characterized using fluorescent genomic in-situ hybridization (fgish) and microsatellite markers. these two durum lines were derived from the crosses in which the common wheat (t. aestivum l.) 'len' and durum wheat 'langdon' (ldn) and 'renville' were involved. fgish patterns of the mitotic chromosomes indic ... | 2005 | 16170620 |
| investigation of the response of bread wheat cultivars to salinity by using callus cultures. | in this research, the response of four bread wheat cultivars (bal-atilla, marmara-86, seyhan-95, and panda) to different nacl concentrations (25.6, 51.3, 77.0, 99.4,119.7 mm) were investigated by using callus cultures. in the experiment, callus induction rates (%) and callus weights in solid and liquid ms media, callus weights in liquid ms media with different nacl concentrations and in liquid ms media free nacl concentrations, and callus weights and regeneration rates in ms solid media with nac ... | 2005 | 16161981 |
| [hybrid and monosomic analyses of smoky coloration of the ear in common wheat]. | the results of the hybrid and monosomic analyses of smoky ear coloration in the common wheat variety columbina are reported. the character has been found to be monogenic, and its gene has been located to chromosome ids. the smoky ear coloration is determined by an allele of gene rg2 introgressed to wheat from aegilops tauschii. | 2005 | 16161638 |
| allopolyploidy in wheat induces rapid and heritable alterations in dna methylation patterns of cellular genes and mobile elements. | whereas accumulating recent evidences indicate that allopolyploid formation in plants is accompanied by rapid and non-mendelian genomic changes, some other works showed genomic stasis in both nascent and natural allopolyploids. to further study the issue, we performed global dna fingerprinting of a newly synthesized allohexaploid wheat and its natural counterpart, the common wheat, by aflp analysis. it was found that ca. 20% bands showed deviation from parental additivity in both synthetic and t ... | 2005 | 16161630 |
| [genetic control of embryo lethality in crosses between common wheat and rye]. | the phenotypic manifestation and genetic control of embryo lethality observed in crosses between common wheat and rye were studied. it was found that crosses between common wheat and inbred self-fertile rye lines l2 and 535 gave rise to ungerminating grains, in which the development and differentiation of the hybrid embryo are arrested. study of the degree of embryo development in the hybrid grains obtained by crossing common wheat varieties with inbred rye lines l2 and 535 showed that genotypes ... | 2005 | 16161628 |
| [grain protein content in wheat: genetics of the character and some predictions for its improvement in common wheat]. | the results of studies on genetic control of the grain protein content character in common wheat and the attempts of its improvement using traditional breeding approaches and methods of experimental mutagenesis and introgressive hybridization are presented. the evolution of the views on the genetic structure of the character is considered. possible explanations are given to the fact that the attempts to significantly improve the character in question in common wheat cultivars have failed in spit ... | 2005 | 16161620 |
| microgravity effects on thylakoid, single leaf, and whole canopy photosynthesis of dwarf wheat. | the concept of using higher plants to maintain a sustainable life support system for humans during long-duration space missions is dependent upon photosynthesis. the effects of extended exposure to microgravity on the development and functioning of photosynthesis at the leaf and stand levels were examined onboard the international space station (iss). the pesto (photosynthesis experiment systems testing and operations) experiment was the first long-term replicated test to obtain direct measureme ... | 2005 | 16160842 |
| three-dimensional modelling of wheat endosperm development. | we have developed methods, based on confocal microscopy and three-dimensional (3d) modelling, for the analysis of complex tissues and individual nuclei. these methods were used to study the development of early wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm as a whole and of endosperm nuclei undergoing polyploidization. fixed sections of immature caryopses were either stained with sytox green or used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) to visualize centromeres, telomeres and a rye chromosome arm ... | 2005 | 16159338 |
| comparative sequence analysis of the phytochrome c gene and its upstream region in allohexaploid wheat reveals new data on the evolution of its three constituent genomes. | bread wheat is an allohexaploid with genome composition aabbdd. phytochrome c is a gene involved in photomorphogenesis that has been used extensively for phylogenetic analyses. in wheat, the phyc genes are single copy in each of the three homoeologous genomes and map to orthologous positions on the long arms of the group 5 chromosomes. comparative sequence analysis of the three homoeologous copies of the wheat phyc gene and of some 5 kb of upstream region has demonstrated a high level of conserv ... | 2005 | 16158239 |
| application of a new ibd-based qtl mapping method to common wheat breeding population: analysis of kernel hardness and dough strength. | mapping quantitative trait loci (qtl) in plants is usually conducted using a population derived from a cross between two inbred lines. the power of such qtl detection and the estimation of the effects highly depend on the choice of the two parental lines. thus, the qtl found represent only a small part of the genetic architecture and can be of limited economical interest in marker-assisted selection. on the other hand, applied breeding programmes evaluate large numbers of progeny derived from mu ... | 2005 | 16142465 |
| [advances in studies of genome-specific repetitive dna sequences in wheat and related species]. | in this paper we review recent advances in studies of several aspects of genome specific repetitive dna sequences in wheat and related species. the available results demonstrate that genome specific repetitive dna sequences are important components of genome specificity in wheat and related species. research on genome specific repetitive dna sequences is essential to the elucidation of genome function. the application of genome specific repetitive dna sequences will aid molecular cytogenetic stu ... | 2002 | 16135457 |
| arabinogalactans and arabinogalactan-proteins induce embryogenesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) microspore culture. | the objective of this study was to improve induction of embryogenesis in wheat microspore culture in order to obtain a high number of regenerable embryos. the arabinogalactan (ag) larcoll and the arabinogalactan-protein (agp) from gum arabic were tested on two spring genotypes to see if they could increase microspore viability and induce embryogenesis in the microspore culture. adding larcoll significantly decreased microspore mortality in both genotypes regardless of the presence or absence of ... | 2006 | 16133349 |
| novel puroindoline and grain softness protein alleles in aegilops species with the c, d, s, m and u genomes. | dna from six hexaploid, tetraploid and diploid species of aegilops with the c, d, s, m and u genomes was amplified with specific pcr primers to identify sequences encoding puroindolines (pins) a and b and grain softness protein (gsp), all of which are encoded by genes at the ha (hardness) locus, with ae. tauschii (dd) and bread wheat (t. aestivum) (aabbdd) cv hiline being studied as controls. seven new allelic forms of pin a and pin b were identified, including forms with mutations within or clo ... | 2005 | 16133313 |
| introgression of wheat dna markers from a, b and d genomes in early generation progeny of aegilops cylindrica host x triticum aestivum l. hybrids. | introgression from allohexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l., aabbdd) to allotetraploid jointed goatgrass (aegilops cylindrica host, ccdd) can take place in areas where the two species grow in sympatry and hybridize. wheat and ae. cylindrica share the d genome, issued from the common diploid ancestor aegilops tauschii coss. it has been proposed that the a and b genome of bread wheat are secure places to insert transgenes to avoid their introgression into ae. cylindrica because during meiosis in ... | 2005 | 16133306 |
| structural analysis of wheat wax (triticum aestivum, c.v. 'naturastar' l.): from the molecular level to three dimensional crystals. | in order to elucidate the self assembly process of plant epicuticular waxes, and the molecular arrangement within the crystals, re-crystallisation of wax platelets was studied on biological and non-biological surfaces. wax platelets were extracted from the leaf blades of wheat (triticum aestivum l., c.v. 'naturastar', poaceae). waxes were analysed by gas chromatography (gc) and mass spectrometry (ms). octacosan-1-ol was found to be the most abundant chemical component of the wax mixture (66 m%) ... | 2006 | 16133211 |
| accumulation and fractionation of rare earth elements (rees) in wheat: controlled by phosphate precipitation, cell wall absorption and solution complexation. | previous studies on rare earth element (ree) bioaccumulation have focused on their accumulation rate and fractionation, but the processes involved remain unclear. in this study, the accumulation and fractionation of rees in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated using solution culture with exogenous mixed rees. a decrease in ree contents was observed from the roots to the tops of wheat. significant fractionations of rees were found in wheat organs as compared to the exogenous mixed rees. ... | 2005 | 16131504 |
| effect of water stress and heavy metals on induction of somatic embryogenesis in wheat leaf base cultures. | in vitro cultures of plant tissues are known to mimic the response of field-grown plants when subjected to stress treatments. this investigation on triticum aestivum explores the effect of drought stress on somatic embryogenesis and endogenous proline content. leaf bases were cultured on ms medium supplemented with 2,4-d (10 microm) and different concentrations of peg (2.5, 5, 7.5%) or mannitol (0.25 and 0.5 m) and also subjected to different periods of aerial drying in the laminar flow for one- ... | 2005 | 16121718 |
| structure of aegilops ventricosa chromosome 6nv, the donor of wheat genes yr17, lr37, sr38, and cre5. | an aegilops ventricosa tausch (2n = 28, dvdvnvnv) subtelocentric chromosome added to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in a disomic addition line was found to carry the genes for resistance yr17, lr37, sr38, and cre5 already transferred onto chromosome 2as of the wheat line vpm1. previous works demonstrated that this ae. ventricosa chromosome is translocated with respect to the standard wheat genome. the present investigations showed that this chromosome pre-existed in ae. ventricosa and contains onl ... | 2005 | 16121250 |
| expression analysis and physical mapping of low-molecular-weight glutenin loci in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | gliadins and glutenins are storage proteins important in determining the bread-, noodle-, and pasta-making quality of wheat. glutenins consist of hmw and lmw subunits. the glu-a3, glu-b3, and glu-d3 loci on the short arms of chromosomes 1a, 1b, and 1d, respectively, are the major loci for lmw glutenins. to construct physical maps of the glu-3 loci, a set of 24 high-density filters representing a 3.1x genome coverage hexaploid wheat bac library was screened by hybridization using a probe made of ... | 2005 | 16121237 |
| [chromosome analysis of chongqing thermo-photo sensitive male sterile wheat]. | seed gliadin acid-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis (apage) and chromosome c-banding techniques were used to identify chromosome constitution of chongqing thermo-photo sensitive male sterile wheat. results showed that 1bs of the male sterile lines was substituted by 1rs of rye. they were 1b/1r wheat with triticum aestivum cytoplasm. | 2002 | 16118133 |
| genetic variability in triticale x bread wheat derivatives under normal and phosphorus stress regimes. | twenty six hexaploid triticale (x triticosecale wittmack) x bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell) derivatives, along with 2 bread wheat and 2 triticale checks, were grown in normal and p-stress environments. spikes/plant and grain yield/plant, followed by peduncle length, were the most sensitive to phosphorus deficiency, which also caused a delay in heading and maturity. the heritability and genetic advance for grain yield/plant were high in the stress environment, reflecting the effective ... | 2005 | 16114468 |
| genetics of durable resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust of an indian wheat cultivar hd2009. | the indian bread wheat cultivar hd2009 has maintained its partial resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in india since its release in 1976. to examine the nature, number and mode of inheritance of its genes for partial leaf rust and stripe rust resistance, this cultivar was crossed with cultivar wl711, which is susceptible to leaf rust and stripe rust. the f1, f2, f3 and f5 generations from this cross were assessed separately for adult plant disease severity under artificial epidemic of race 7 ... | 2005 | 16110181 |
| origin, structure, and behavior of a highly rearranged deletion chromosome 1bs-4 in wheat. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) deletion (del) stocks are valuable tools for the physical mapping of molecular markers and genes to chromosome bins delineated by 2 adjacent deletion breakpoints. the wheat deletion stocks were produced by using gametocidal genes derived from related aegilops species. here, we report on the origin, structure, and behavior of a highly rearranged chromosome 1bs-4. the cytogenetic and molecular marker analyses suggest that 1bs-4 resulted from 2 breakpoints in the 1bs ar ... | 2005 | 16094425 |
| microsatellite markers linked to 2 powdery mildew resistance genes introgressed from triticum carthlicum accession ps5 into common wheat. | two dominant powdery mildew resistance genes introduced from triticum carthlicum accession ps5 to common wheat were identified and tagged using microsatellite markers. the gene designated pmps5a was placed on wheat chromosome 2al and linked to the microsatellite marker xgwm356 at a genetic distance of 10.2 cm. based on the information of its origin, chromosome location, and reactions to 5 powdery mildew isolates, this gene could be a member of the complex pm4 locus. the 2nd gene designated pmps5 ... | 2005 | 16094424 |
| soil properties affecting wheat yields following drilling-fluid application. | oil and gas drilling operations use drilling fluids (mud) to lubricate the drill bit and stem, transport formation cuttings to the surface, and seal off porous geologic formations. following completion of the well, waste drilling fluid is often applied to cropland. we studied potential changes in soil compaction as indicated by cone penetration resistance, ph, electrical conductivity (ec(e)), sodium adsorption ratio (sar), extractable soil and total straw and grain trace metal and nutrient conce ... | 2017 | 16091622 |
| phyto-availability and speciation change of heavy metals in soils amended with lignin as micro-fertilizer. | lignin is a primary byproduct from the black liquor treatment in paper making industries, its application as micro-fertilizer in agricultural land might provide a promising alternative to sewage discharge. however, application of such a micro-fertilizer might affect the soil properties and result in soil pollution. in this study, the effects of lignin application on phyto-availability and speciation change of heavy metals in soils were investigated. greenhouse experiments showed that lignin appl ... | 2005 | 16089340 |
| effects of a soil conditioner on some physical and biological features of soils: results from a greenhouse study. | a soil amendment substance-organic bio-stimulator, terralyt plus (tp), was used to observe its impact on the properties of clay loam (cl), sandy clay loam (scl) and sandy loam (sl) soils and the growth of corn (zea mays indentata l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum ssp./vulgare vill. v. lutescens) under greenhouse conditions. the diluted tp solutions (1:500, 1:1000 and 1:2000) were sprayed onto the soil surfaces. the wheat growth increased for cl and scl with the application of tp at 1:1000. the hi ... | 2005 | 16084376 |
| arsenate (as) uptake by and distribution in two cultivars of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | two cultivars of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (jing 411 and lovrin 10) were used to investigate arsenate (as) uptake and distribution in plants grown in hydroponic culture and in the soil. results showed that without as addition, lovrin 10 had higher biomass than jing 411 in the soil pot experiment; in the hydroponic experiment lovrin 10 had similar root biomass to and lower shoot biomass than jing 411. increasing p supply from 32 to 161 microm resulted in lower tissue as concentrations, ... | 2006 | 16081139 |
| [analysis of inheritance of morphological and biochemical characters introgressed into common wheat from aegilops speltoides tausch]. | genetic control of some morphological traits and the gliadin composition were examined in plants of two lines of common wheat carrying genes introgressed from the wild diploid cereal aegilops speltoides. leaf hairiness was shown to be controlled by a single introgressed dominant gene that was not allelic to the known common wheat gene hl1. waxlessness of the whole plant is controlled by the introgressed from ae. speltoides inhibitor gene allelic to gene w1 located on chromosome 2b. this gene was ... | 2005 | 16080604 |
| [features of crossability, haploidy and polyembryony in hybrid combinations between common barley hordeum vulgare l. (2n = 14) and wheat-rye substitution lines triticum aestivum l., cultivar saratovskaya 29/secale cereale l., cultivar onokhoiskaya]. | the role of individual chromosomes of rye in the manifestation of crossability and seedling development in hybrid combinations between common barley hordeum vulgare l., cultivar nepolegayushchii (2n = 14) and five wheat-rye substitution lines triticum aestivum l., cultivar saratovskaya 29/secale cereale l., cultivar onokhoiskaya (2n = 40 wheat + 2 rye chromosomes). crossability, which was measured by two parameters--frequency of set grains and frequency of grains with embryos--was shown to be si ... | 2005 | 16080603 |
| [genetic analysis and molecular markers of a novel stripe rust resistance gene yrhua in wheat originated from psathyrostachys huashanica keng]. | the h9020-17-5,a common wheat-psathyrostachys huashanica keng translocation line, possesses excellent resistance to wheat stripe rust. genetic analysis of f2 and bc1 populations derived from h9020-17-5 x mingxian169 indicated that resistance to stripe rust in h9020-17-5 was a dominant character controlling by single gene originated from ps. huashanica. this resistance gene originated from ps. huashanica was first reported in the present study and named as yrhua. in order to map the resistance ge ... | 2005 | 16078743 |
| development of taxon-specific sequences of common wheat for the detection of genetically modified wheat. | qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) systems aimed at the specific detection and quantification of common wheat dna are described. many countries have issued regulations to label foods that include genetically modified organisms (gmos). pcr technology is widely recognized as a reliable and useful technique for the qualitative and quantitative detection of gmos. detection methods are needed to amplify a target gm gene, and the amplified results should be compared with thos ... | 2005 | 16076109 |
| uniparental chromosome elimination at mitosis and interphase in wheat and pearl millet crosses involves micronucleus formation, progressive heterochromatinization, and dna fragmentation. | complete uniparental chromosome elimination occurs in several interspecific hybrids of plants. we studied the mechanisms underlying selective elimination of the paternal chromosomes during the development of wheat (triticum aestivum) x pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum) hybrid embryos. all pearl millet chromosomes were eliminated in a random sequence between 6 and 23 d after pollination. parental genomes were spatially separated within the hybrid nucleus, and pearl millet chromatin destined for e ... | 2005 | 16055632 |
| cloning of resistance gene analogs located on the alien chromosome in an addition line of wheat-thinopyrum intermedium. | homology-based gene/gene-analog cloning method has been extensively applied in isolation of rgas (resistance gene analogs) in various plant species. however, serious interference of sequences on homoeologous chromosomes in polyploidy species usually occurred when cloning rgas in a specific chromosome. in this research, the techniques of chromosome microdissection combined with homology-based cloning were used to clone rgas from a specific chromosome of wheat-thinopyrum alien addition line tai-27 ... | 2005 | 16044269 |
| zinc and copper uptake by plants under two transpiration rates. part i. wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | to evaluate the environmental risk of irrigating crops with treated wastewater, an experiment was conducted using two growth chambers, each offering a different vapour pressure deficit (vpd) for high and low transpiration rates (tr), respectively. one of the two sets of 24 pots planted with 6 week old wheat (triticum aestivum l.), was placed in each growth chamber, and irrigated in triplicates for 20 days with 8 zn and cu solutions (0 and 25 mg zn/l combined with 0, 5, 15 and 30 mg cu/l). water ... | 2005 | 16043273 |
| synthesis and screening of anilides having olefinic and alkyl moiety in the side chain as chemical hybridizing agents for wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | induction of male sterility by deployment of chemical hybridizing agents (chas) holds immense potential in heterosis breeding of wheat. a total of 21 anilides having different aromatic substitutions and side-chain variation were synthesized and screened as chas on three genotypes of wheat viz., pbw 343, hw 2046, and hd 2733, at winter season. various anilides having vinyl moiety in the acyl side chain were synthesized by condensation between substituted anilines with different esters or acid chl ... | 2005 | 16028981 |
| bioactivity of the fungal metabolite (8r,16r)-(-)-pyrenophorin on graminaceous plants. | a secondary metabolite was isolated from cultures of a drechslera avenae pathotype with host specificity to avena sterilis and identified as the macrodiolide (8r,16r)-(-)-pyrenophorin (8,16-dimethyl-1,9-dioxa-cyclohexadeca-3,11-diene-2,5,10,13-tetraone). a considerable yield of the substance was obtained after 8-12 days of incubation at temperatures of 15-20 degrees c. the compound at a concentration of 60 microm inhibited seed germination of wild oats (avena sterilis, a. fatua), oat (a. sativa) ... | 2005 | 16028978 |
| the wheat tagi1, involved in photoperiodic flowering, encodes an arabidopsis gi ortholog. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an important crop and requires long day and short night to flower. to study the molecular mechanism of photoperiodic regulation of flowering in this species, we isolated a wheat tagi1 gene, an ortholog of gigantea (gi) in arabidopsis. rna blot hybridization revealed that tagi1 is expressed in leaves in a rhythmic manner under long day and short day conditions and its rhythmic expression is regulated by photoperiods and circadian clocks. further study demonstrated ... | 2005 | 16028116 |
| spatial and temporal distribution of induced resistance to greenbug (homoptera: aphididae) herbivory in preconditioned resistant and susceptible near isogenic plants of wheat. | interactions between biotype e greenbugs, schizaphis graminum (rodani), and two near isogenic lines of the greenbug resistance gene gb3 of wheat, triticum aestivum l., were examined for 62 d after infestation. by comparing aphid performance and host responses on control and greenbug-preconditioned plants, we demonstrated that systemic resistance to greenbug herbivory was inducible in the resistant genotype with varying intensities and effectiveness in different parts of the plants. preconditioni ... | 2005 | 16022335 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes in leaf and root between wheat hybrid and its parental inbreds using pcr-based cdna subtraction. | heterosis was defined as the advantage of hybrid performance over its parents in terms of growth and productivity. previous studies showed that differential gene expression between hybrids and their parents is responsible for the heterosis; however, information on systematic identification and characterization of the differentially expressed genes are limited. in this study, an interspecific hybrid between common wheat (triticum aestivum. l., 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) line 3338 and spelt (triticum s ... | 2005 | 16021401 |
| inducing rye 1r chromosome structural changes in common wheat cv. chinese spring by the gametocidal chromosome 2c of aegilops cylindrica. | to generate 1 r deletion and translocation lines, we introduced a 2c chromosome,which was derived from aegilops cylindrica and was known to have a gametocidal function when added monosomically into common wheat cv. chinese spring (cs) and its derivative, into a wheat-rye 1r chromosome disomic addition line (cs-1r"). when the individuals with chromosome constitution 21" + 1r" + 2c' (2n = 45) were selfed, the 1r chromosome structural changes were found to be induced with high frequency (24.1%) amo ... | 2005 | 16018259 |
| [comparative analysis of genetic diversity revealed by genomic-ssr, est-ssr and pedigree in wheat (triticum asetivum l.)]. | two ssr molecular markers, genomic-ssr and est (expressed sequence tagged)-ssr, were used to measure the genetic diversity among 18 accessions of common wheat with known pedigrees, which were collected from winter wheat production region in northern china. in addtion, the genetic diversity revealed by pedigree, est-ssr and genomic-ssr was also compared. the results showed that the average number of alleles per genomic-ssr locus is 3.34, which is higher than that of est-ssr (2.31), indicating tha ... | 2005 | 16011033 |
| [effect of alien cytoplasm of goatgrass on biological and physiological properties of alloplasmic wheats]. | long-term studies of the cytoplasm-nucleus interactions in alloplasmic hybrids with the nucleus of triticum aestivum functioning in the alien cytoplasm of aegilops ovata are reviewed. the interaction of heterologous genome and cytoplasm affects the balanced mechanisms of developmental control of the parental forms. the changes are observed at all levels of both physiological and morphological processes. alloplasmic wheats produced by backcrossing represent a novel type of synthetic plant differe ... | 2016 | 16004259 |
| wheat genome structure: translocations during the course of polyploidization. | the genomic organization of triticum timopheevii (2n=28, atatgg) was compared with hexaploid wheat t. aestivum (2n=42, aabbdd) by comparative mapping using microsatellites derived from bread wheat. genetic maps for the two crosses t. timopheevii var. timopheevii x t. timopheevii var. typica and t. timopheevii k-38555xt. militinae were constructed. on the first population, 121 loci were mapped, and on the second population 103 loci. the transferability of the wheat markers to t. timopheevii was g ... | 2006 | 15983785 |
| [on antimutagenesis mechanism in plants]. | the effect of nitrosylmethylurea (nmu) on the mitotic index and the frequency of cells with aberrations, as well as the effects of pre- and posttreatment with antioxidant ambiol on the nmu effects were studied on seedlings of common winter wheat triticum aestivum, cultivar moskovskaya 39. both pre- and posttreatment with ambiol resulted in antimutagenic effect but after posttreatment, the effect was lower. irrespective of type of seedling treatment with ambiol and the time of their fixation (45, ... | 2005 | 15977820 |
| investigation on dynamic changes of photosynthetic characteristics of 10 wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes during two vegetative-growth stages at water deficits. | drought is a worldwide problem, seriously influencing plant (crop) productivity. wheat is a stable food for 35% of the world population, and moreover, about 60% of land area on the globe belongs to arid and semiarid zone. wheat drought resistance is a multi-gene controlling quantitative character and wheat final production in field is realized mainly by physiological regulation under the condition of multi-environmental factor interaction. exploring drought resistance physiological mechanisms fo ... | 2005 | 15975772 |
| molecular mapping of gibberellin-responsive dwarfing genes in bread wheat. | opportunities exist for replacing reduced height (rht) genes rht-b1b and rht-d1b with alternative dwarfing genes for bread wheat improvement. in this study, the chromosomal locations of several height-reducing genes were determined by screening populations of recombinant inbred lines or doubled haploid lines varying for plant height with microsatellite markers. linked markers were found for rht5 (on chromosome 3bs), rht12 (5al) and rht13 (7bs), which accounted for most of the phenotypic variance ... | 2005 | 15968526 |
| microgravity does not alter plant stand gas exchange of wheat at moderate light levels and saturating co2 concentration. | plant stand gas exchange was measured nondestructively in microgravity during the photosynthesis experiment subsystem testing and operations experiment conducted onboard the international space station. rates of evapotranspiration and photosynthesis measured in space were compared with ground controls to determine if microgravity directly affects whole-stand gas exchange of triticum aestivum. during six 21-day experiment cycles, evapotranspiration was determined continuously from water addition ... | 2005 | 15968511 |
| probing the cell wall heterogeneity of micro-dissected wheat caryopsis using both active and inactive forms of a gh11 xylanase. | the external envelope of wheat grain (triticum aestivum l. cv. isengrain) is a natural composite whose tissular and cellular heterogeneity constitute a significant barrier for enzymatic cell wall disassembly. to better understand the way in which the cell wall network and tissular organization hamper enzyme penetration, we have devised a strategy based on in situ visualization of an active and an inactive form of a xylanase in whole-wheat bran and in three micro-dissected layers (the outer bran, ... | 2005 | 15965663 |
| selective transport of zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium in the root system and transfer to the leaves in young wheat plants. | the uptake, translocation and redistribution of the heavy metals zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium are relevant for plant nutrition as well as for the quality of harvested plant products. the long-distance transport of these heavy metals within the root system and the release to the shoot in young wheat (triticum aestivum 'arina') plants were investigated. | 2005 | 15965269 |
| [fragment length polymorphism of wx-b1 gene digested by bamhi and its relation to amylose content of wheat]. | there are two types of starch, amylose and amylopectin of flour. amylose content (ac) is significantly negatively correlated with noodle quality. the waxy gene (wx) encodes the granule-bound starch synthase (gbss, ec 3.4.1.11), or wx protein, is responsible for the synthesis of amylose in wheat. common wheat is allohexaploid, it has three different wx proteins: wx-a1, wx-b1, and wx-d1. consequently, amylose content and pasting properties of starch were influenced by the lack of the wx-b1 protein ... | 2005 | 15961901 |
| analysis of recombination and gene distribution in the 2l1.0 region of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | both wheat and barley belong to tribe triticeae and are closely related. high-density detailed comparison of physical and genetic linkage maps revealed that wheat genes are present in physically small gene-rich regions (grrs). one of the largest grrs is located around fraction length 1.0 of the long arm of wheat homoeologous group 2 chromosomes termed the "2l1.0 region." the main objective of this study was to analyze the structural and functional organization of the 2l1.0 region in barley in co ... | 2005 | 15953539 |
| isolation and expression analysis of genes encoding dna methyltransferase in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | dna methylation of cytosine residues, catalyzed by dna methyltransferases, is suggested to play important roles in regulating gene expression and plant development. in this study, we isolated four wheat cdna fragments and one cdna with open reading frame encoding putative dna methyltransferase and designated tamet1, tamet2a, tamet2b, tacmt, tamet3, respectively. blastx searches and phylogenetic analysis suggested that five cdnas belonged to four classes (dnmt1, dnmt2, cmt and dnmt3) of dna methy ... | 2005 | 15946751 |
| some structural properties of plant serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase? | the structural properties of photorespiratory serine:glyoxylate aminotransferases (sgat, ec 2.6.1.45) from maize (zea mays l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves were examined. by means of molecular sieving on zorbax se-250 column and filtration through centrifugal filters it was shown that dimers of wheat enzyme (molecular mass of about 90 kda) dissociate into component monomers (molecular mass of about 45 kda) upon decrease in ph value (from 9.1 or 7.0 to 6.5). at ph 9.1 a 50-fold decreas ... | 2005 | 15940352 |
| changes in spectral reflectance of wheat leaves in response to specific macronutrient deficiency. | in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants, deficiency of an essential element may drastically affect growth, appearance, and most importantly yield. wheat, the focus of this study, is one of the crops studied in the celss program. information about nutrient deficiencies in crops grown in controlled environment is essential to optimize food productivity. the main objective of this study was to determine whether deficiency of nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p), potassium (k), calcium (ca) and magnesium (m) ... | 2005 | 15934211 |
| introgression of the haynaldia villosa genome into gamma-ray-induced asymmetric somatic hybrids of wheat. | to study the effect of gamma-ray treatment on donor and derived somatic hybrids, we carried out gamma-ray donor treatment experiments with a wide range of gamma-ray dosages and asymmetric somatic hybridization between protoplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum l. jinan 177) and protoplasts of haynaldia villosa schur. treated with different dosages of gamma-rays (40, 60 and 80 gy, respectively). we first screened the putative hybrids by isozyme analysis, followed by characterization of nuclear and o ... | 2005 | 15933881 |
| 137cs-uptake into wheat (triticum vulgare) plants from five representative soils of bangladesh. | a pot experiment was conducted to study the uptake of 137cs by wheat grown in five representative soils of bangladesh having different soil characteristics. artificial application of 137cs increased the activity in soils up to 45.9 bq/kg soil, measured at the end of the harvest of wheat crop. different plant parts had different ability to accumulate 137cs. grains had the least activity and transfer factor, while the highest activity and lowest transfer factor were measured in roots, which restri ... | 2005 | 15931978 |
| organic acid secretion as a mechanism of aluminium resistance: a model incorporating the root cortex, epidermis, and the external unstirred layer. | the resistance of some plants to al (aluminium or aluminum) has been attributed to the secretion of al(3+)-binding organic acid (oa) anions from the al-sensitive root tips. evidence for the 'oa secretion hypothesis' of resistance is substantial, but the mode of action remains unknown because the oa secretion appears to be too small to reduce adequately the activity of al(3+) at the root surface. in this study a mechanism for the reduction of al(3+) at the root surface and just beneath the epider ... | 2005 | 15928019 |
| lmw-gs genes in agropyron elongatum and their potential value in wheat breeding. | to study the usefulness of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) of agropyron elongatum (host) nevski to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) quality improvement, we characterized lmw-gs genes of a. elongatum. nine lmw-gs genes of a. elongatum, which were named ael1 to ael9, were cloned by genomic pcr. after sequencing, we obtained complete open reading frames from ael2 to ael8 and partial genes of ael1 and ael9. all nine sequences are homoeologous to those of wheat and related grasses. compar ... | 2005 | 15926075 |
| genetic and in silico comparative mapping of the polyphenol oxidase gene in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | polyphenol oxidases (ppos) are involved in the time-dependent darkening and discolouration of asian noodles and other wheat end products. in this study, a doubled haploid (dh) population derived from chara (moderately high ppo activity)/ww2449 (low ppo activity) was screened for ppo activity based on l-dopa and l-tyrosine assays using whole seeds. both these assays were significantly genetically correlated (r = 0.91) in measuring the ppo activity in this dh population. quantitative trait loci (q ... | 2005 | 15918034 |
| molecular characterization of durum and common wheat recombinant lines carrying leaf rust resistance (lr19) and yellow pigment (y) genes from lophopyrum ponticum. | chromosome 7e from lophopyrum ponticum carries a valuable leaf rust resistant gene designated lr19. this gene has not been widely used in common wheat breeding because of linkage with the yellow pigment gene y. this gene tints flour yellow, reducing its appeal in bread making. however, a high level of yellow pigment is desirable in durum wheat breeding. we produced 97 recombinant chromosomes between l. ponticum transfer 7d.7e#1 and its wheat homoeologues, using the ph1b mutation that promotes ho ... | 2005 | 15912342 |
| effects of exogenous organic chelators on phytochelatins production and its relationship with cadmium toxicity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under cadmium stress. | phytochelatins (pcs) have been proposed as a potential biomarker for metal toxicity. in this study, cadmium (cd) toxicity, pcs production and their relationship in wheat under cd stress were examined using various exogenous organic chelator-buffered nutrient solutions. single cd stress produced strong toxic effects, as indicated by decreases of growth parameters, high level of lipid peroxidation in leaf and overproduction of pcs in root. exogenous organic chelators with proper dose more or less ... | 2005 | 15910898 |
| evolution of the indole alkaloid biosynthesis in the genus hordeum: distribution of gramine and diboa and isolation of the benzoxazinoid biosynthesis genes from hordeum lechleri. | two indole alkaloids with defense related functions are synthesized in the genus hordeum of the triticeae. gramine (3(dimethyl-amino-methyl)-indole) is found in h. spontaneum and in some varieties of h. vulgare, the benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (diboa) is detected in h. roshevitzii, h. brachyantherum, h. flexuosum, h. lechleri. biosynthesis of diboa and of gramine was found to be mutually exclusive in wild hordeum species, indicating that there was selection against si ... | 2005 | 15907959 |
| physical molecular maps of wheat chromosomes. | in bread wheat, a set of 527 simple sequence repeats (ssrs) were tried on 164 deletion lines, leading to a successful mapping of 270 ssrs on 313 loci covering all 21 chromosomes. a maximum of 119 loci (38%) were located on b subgenome, and a minimum of 90 loci (29%) mapped on d subgenome. similarly, homoeologous group 7 carried a maximum of 61 loci (19%), and group 4 carried a minimum of 22 loci (7%). of the cited 270 ssrs, 39 had multiple loci, but only eight of these detected homoeologous loci ... | 2005 | 15902544 |
| ssr allelic diversity changes in 480 european bread wheat varieties released from 1840 to 2000. | a sample of 480 bread wheat varieties originating from 15 european geographical areas and released from 1840 to 2000 were analysed with a set of 39 microsatellite markers. the total number of alleles ranged from 4 to 40, with an average of 16.4 alleles per locus. when seven successive periods of release were considered, the total number of alleles was quite stable until the 1960s, from which time it regularly decreased. clustering analysis on nei's distance matrix between these seven temporal gr ... | 2005 | 15887038 |
| a candidate autonomous version of the wheat mite hikkoshi is present in the rice genome. | a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (mite), designated as hikkoshi, was previously identified in the null wx-a1 allele of turkish bread wheat lines. this mite is 165 bp in size and has 12-bp terminal inverted repeats (tirs) flanked by 8-bp target site duplications (tsds). southern and pcr analyses demonstrated the presence of multiple copies of hikkoshi in the wheat genome. database searches indicated that hikkoshi mites are also present in barley, rice and maize. a 3.4-kb element t ... | 2005 | 15883824 |
| inheritance of seed dormancy in tibetan semi-wild wheat accession q1028. | tibetan semi-wild wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum shao) is one of the chinese endemic hexaploid wheat genetic resources, distributed only in the qinghai-xizang plateau of china. it has special characters, such as a hulled glume and spike disarticulation. however, seed dormancy, another important character for wheat resistance to pre-harvest sprouting, was rarely reported. seed dormancy of more than 10 tibetan semi-wild wheat accessions was evaluated, and their germinations were 0% or nea ... | 2005 | 15876680 |
| towards a generic architectural model of tillering in gramineae, as exemplified by spring wheat (triticum aestivum). | this paper presents an architectural model of wheat (triticum aestivum), designed to explain effects of light conditions at the individual leaf level on tillering kinetics. various model variables, including blade length and curvature, were parameterized for spring wheat, and compared with winter wheat and other gramineae species. the architectural model enables simulation of plant properties at the level of individual organs. parameterization was based on data derived from an outdoor experiment ... | 2005 | 15869643 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis as a tool to evaluate the mode of action of chemical hybridizing agents for wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | augmentation of wheat production calls for introduction of wheat hybrids in cultivation. in the absence of viable alternative technology of hybrid wheat development, chemical induction of male sterility mediated technology based on chemical hybridizing agents (chas) holds a great potential. the qsar method was applied to two families of chas in the n-acylanilines and pyridone class of chemistry. the models for each cha family gave good correlation between the variations in log percent of male st ... | 2005 | 15853389 |
| [effects of root-applied glycinebetaine on the composition and function of wheat thylakoid membrane under drought stress]. | two wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.), hf9703 tolerant to drought and sn215953 sensitive to drought, were used to study the effects of glycinebetaine on the composition and function of thylakoid membrane. the wheat seedlings with two leaves were pretreated with hoagland solution containing 1.5 mmol/l glycinebetaine (gb) for 72 h, then cultured with hoagland solution containing 15% peg-6000 for 48 h. the seedling leaves were used for mensuration. the results indicated that the chlorophyll, m ... | 2005 | 15840931 |
| changes in the cellular and subcellular localization of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase during flag leaf senescence in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | in order to improve our understanding of the regulation of nitrogen assimilation and recycling in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), we studied the localization of plastidic (gs2) and cytosolic (gs1) glutamine synthetase isoenzymes and of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) during natural senescence of the flag leaf and in the stem. in mature flag leaves, large amounts of gs1 were detected in the connections between the mestome sheath cells and the vascular cells, suggesting an active transfer of nitrogen ... | 2005 | 15840646 |
| molecular characterization of new waxy mutants identified in bread and durum wheat. | recently, electrophoretic analyses of waxy proteins in several hexaploid and tetraploid wheat accessions from worldwide collections have permitted the identification of new variants at the waxy loci, including allelic forms with different mobilities and partial null types. in this paper, the molecular characterization of mutated waxy loci in four bread wheat cultivars (two lacking the wx-b1 and two lacking the wx-d1 protein, respectively) and in four durum wheat cultivars (one lacking wx-a1 and ... | 2005 | 15834696 |
| characterization of a jasmonate-regulated wheat protein related to a beta-glucosidase-aggregating factor. | jasmonates are distributed throughout higher plants, where they play an important role in the activation of signal transduction pathways in response to wounding and pathogen attack. jasmonates are known to induce the transcriptional activation of plant defense genes, produce jasmonate-regulated proteins (jrp). one class of 32 kda jrp (designated as jrp-32 in this paper) is present in the gramineae family, although the function of these proteins is still unclear. a cdna was cloned from wheat (tri ... | 2005 | 15820667 |
| binary mixtures of (n-phosphonomethyl)-glycine with new aminophosphonates. | the potential biological activity of binary mixtures of some new organophosphorous compounds, aminoalkane- and aminofluorenephosphonates, with (n-phosphonomethyl)-glycine (glyphosate, pmg) was studied. the inhibition of growth of wheat (triticum aestivum) induced by individual compounds and their equimolar mixtures with pmg was a measure of that activity. the experiments were expected to show if the new compounds exhibited good biological activity to be used for agrochemical applications and if ... | 2015 | 15813371 |
| mitotic instability in wheat x thinopyrum ponticum derivatives revealed by chromosome counting, nuclear dna content and histone h3 phosphorylation pattern. | to evaluate the mitotic stability of triticum aestivum x thinopyrum ponticum derivatives (bc(2)f(7) and bc(2)f(5) doubled haploids), chromosome counting by both conventional and immunostaining techniques, and measurement of dna content were performed. the wheat progenitor line, pf 839197, the wheat recurrent parent cep 19 and the control chinese spring were also investigated. in the hybrid derivatives, chromosome number ranged from 2n=36 to 60, with a predominance of chromosome numbers higher th ... | 2005 | 15812661 |
| [formation of phenol compounds in various cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.)]. | the formation of soluble phenol compounds, including flavonols, was studied in winter (erythrospermum, lutescens 230, and r 47-28) and spring cultivars (lada) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the contents of soluble phenol compounds and flavonols were 1.8-2.6 and 0.5-1.3 mg/kg fresh weight, respectively. these results illustrate the similarity of phenol metabolism in leaves of winter and spring wheat cultivars. the exception was the cultivar r 47-28 that accumulated the maximum amount of phenol ... | 2006 | 15810742 |
| the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaf proteome. | the wheat leaf proteome was mapped and partially characterized to function as a comparative template for future wheat research. in total, 404 proteins were visualized, and 277 of these were selected for analysis based on reproducibility and relative quantity. using a combination of protein and expressed sequence tag database searching, 142 proteins were putatively identified with an identification success rate of 51%. the identified proteins were grouped according to their functional annotations ... | 2005 | 15800971 |
| proton nmr transverse relaxation time and membrane stability in wheat leaves exposed to high temperature shock. | electrolyte leakage from leaves and nmr transverse relaxation time (t2) of leaf water were used to differentiate between heat-tolerant (niaw 845) and susceptible (hd 2428) wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars. the leaves were exposed to high temperature shock in the range 30 to 55 degrees c and the damage caused, when evaluated by the two approaches was in close agreement. the critical temperature of injury leading to loss of membrane integrity was lower (39.1 degrees c) for susceptible cultiv ... | 2005 | 23923573 |
| spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) as a source of breadmaking flours and bran naturally enriched in oleic acid and minerals but not phytic acid. | the nutritional value of breadmaking cereal spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) is said to be higher than that of common wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare), but this traditional view is not substantiated by scientific evidence. in an attempt to clarify this issue, wholemeal and milling fractions (sieved flour, fine bran, and coarse bran) from nine dehulled spelt and five soft winter wheat samples were compared with regard to their lipid, fatty acid, and mineral contents. in addition, tocop ... | 2005 | 15796621 |
| effects of interactions between cadmium and zinc on phytochelatin and glutathione production in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | it has been proposed that phytochelatins (pcs) act as a biomarker for the evaluation of metal toxicity. little attention has been paid to the effects on metal combinations and glutathione (gsh), the most abundant cellular thiol. in the present study the effects of interactions between cadmium (cd) and zinc (zn) on pc and gsh production were examined in wheat tissue over 14 days' exposure. the results showed that the presence of zn alleviated cd toxicity, accompanied by a reduction of cd uptake. ... | 2005 | 15793816 |
| the identification of foam-forming soluble proteins from wheat (triticum aestivum) dough. | proteomic methods have been used to identify foam-forming soluble proteins from dough that may play an important role in stabilising gas bubbles in dough, and hence influence the crumb structure of bread. proteins from a soluble fraction of dough (dough liquor) or dough liquor foam have been separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and 42 identified using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight and quadrupole-time of flight analyses. major polypeptide ... | 2005 | 15789342 |
| development of snp assays for genotyping the puroindoline b gene for grain hardness in wheat using pyrosequencing. | grain hardness is one of the most important quality characteristics of cultivated bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and has been reported to result from either a failure to express puroindoline a (pina) or single-nucleotide mutations in puroindoline b (pinb). up to now, seven alleles from pinb-d1a to pinb-d1g were identified in bread wheat. compared to the dna coding region of pinb-d1a (allele for softness), six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were detected in six alleles for pinb-d1. in ... | 2005 | 15769137 |
| oxidative stress and phytochelatin characterisation in bread wheat exposed to cadmium excess. | in this work, we first investigated if the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. albimonte can be defined as "shoot cadmium excluder"--by comparing the cadmium (cd) content in leaves and roots and by calculating the shoot-to-root cd concentration ratio. furthermore, we evaluated if the exposure to cd excess could generate oxidative stress in leaves and roots of this cv., in terms of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) accumulation, nad(p)h oxidation rate, and variations in reduced glutathione (gsh) co ... | 2005 | 15763665 |
| prediction of zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper availability to wheat in contaminated soils using chemical speciation, diffusive gradients in thin films, extraction, and isotopic dilution techniques. | to predict the availability of metals to plants, it is important to understand both solution- and solid-phase processes in the soil, including the kinetics of metal release from its binding agent (ligand and/or particle). the present study examined the speciation and availability of zn, cd, pb, and cu in a range of well-equilibrated metal-contaminated soils from diverse sources using several techniques as a basis for predicting metal uptake by plants. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was grown in 13 ... | 2005 | 15758102 |
| synaptic behaviour of hexaploid wheat haploids with different effectiveness of the diploidizing mechanism. | haploids of three cultivars of triticum aestivum (thatcher, chris, and chinese spring) were obtained from crosses with zea mays. the level of chromosome pairing at metaphase i and the synaptic behaviour at prophase i was studied. there were differences in the meiotic behaviour of the haploids from different cultivars. thatcher and chris haploids had significantly higher levels of pairing at metaphase i than chinese spring haploids. this metaphase i pairing was correlated with higher levels of sy ... | 2005 | 15753579 |
| chromosome organization in wheat endosperm and embryo. | we have analysed the chromosome organization in endosperm and embryo of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), in order to compare these tissues with developing anthers, in which the centromeres associate, and the developing root xylem vessel cells, in which the chromosomes endoreduplicate to become polytene and associate via their centromeres. both endosperm and embryo showed a typical rabl configuration and a degree of non-homologous centromere association and the endosperm also showed extensive ... | 2005 | 15753574 |