| genetic dissection of yield and its component traits using high-density composite map of wheat chromosome 3a: bridging gaps between qtls and underlying genes. | earlier we identified wheat (triticum aestivum l.) chromosome 3a as a major determinant of grain yield and its component traits. in the present study, a high-density genetic linkage map of 81 chromosome 3a-specific markers was developed to increase the precision of previously identified yield component qtls, and to map qtls for biomass-related traits. many of the previously identified qtls for yield and its component traits were confirmed and were localized to narrower intervals. four novel qtls ... | 2013 | 23894667 |
| construction of small rna-mediated gene regulatory networks in the roots of rice (oryza sativa). | the root systems play essential roles for plants to anchorage to the soil, and to exploit the mineral and water resources. the molecular mechanisms underlying root development have been extensively studied to improve root system architecture, especially for the crops. several microrna (mirna) families have been demonstrated to be involved in plant root development. however, whether the other small rna (srna) species, which occupy a dominant portion of the plant endogenous srna population, posses ... | 2013 | 23889819 |
| new chemical constituents from oryza sativa straw and their algicidal activities against blue-green algae. | five new constituents, 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone-4'-o-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-2a-o-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-2b-o-β-d-xylopyranosyl-2c-octadecanoate (1), 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone-4'-o-α-d-xylopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-2a-o-α-d-xylopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-2b-o-α-d-xylopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-2c-o-α-d-xylopyranosyl-2d-octadecanoate (2), kaempferol-3-o-α-d-xylopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-2a-o-α-d-xylopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-2b-o-α-d-xylopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-2c-o-α-d-xylopyranosyl-2d-hexadecanoate (3), methyl sal ... | 2013 | 23889328 |
| tolerance of anaerobic conditions caused by flooding during germination and early growth in rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice is semi-aquatic, adapted to a wide range of hydrologies, from aerobic soils in uplands to anaerobic and flooded fields in waterlogged lowlands, to even deeply submerged soils in flood-prone areas. considerable diversity is present in native rice landraces selected by farmers over centuries. our understanding of the adaptive features of these landraces to native ecosystems has improved considerably over the recent past. in some cases, major genes associated with tolerance have been cloned, s ... | 2013 | 23888162 |
| abscisic acid- and stress-induced highly proline-rich glycoproteins regulate root growth in rice. | in the root of rice (oryza sativa), abscisic acid (aba) treatment, salinity, or water deficit stress induces the expression of a family of four genes, repetitive proline-rich protein (reprp). these genes encode two subclasses of novel proline-rich glycoproteins with highly repetitive px₁px₂ motifs, reprp1 and reprp2. reprp orthologs exist only in monocotyledonous plants, and their functions are virtually unknown. rice reprps are heavily glycosylated with arabinose and glucose on multiple hydroxy ... | 2013 | 23886623 |
| a systems-genetics approach and data mining tool to assist in the discovery of genes underlying complex traits in oryza sativa. | many traits of biological and agronomic significance in plants are controlled in a complex manner where multiple genes and environmental signals affect the expression of the phenotype. in oryza sativa (rice), thousands of quantitative genetic signals have been mapped to the rice genome. in parallel, thousands of gene expression profiles have been generated across many experimental conditions. through the discovery of networks with real gene co-expression relationships, it is possible to identify ... | 2013 | 23874666 |
| generation of selenium-enriched rice with enhanced grain yield, selenium content and bioavailability through fertilisation with selenite. | to fulfill the natural human needs of selenium, selenium biofortification has been carried out in rice (oryza sativa) in recent years. despite some improvements have been made, the increase of selenium content in rice was still limited and a large amount of fertilisers are often required, which may cause environmental pullution. in this study, we further improved the selenium biofortification of rice by using less selenium fertilisers (10.5 g selenium/hectare) whereas, largely increasing seleniu ... | 2013 | 23870972 |
| effects of shading on starch pasting characteristics of indica hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice is an important staple crop throughout the world, but environmental stress like low-light conditions can negatively impact crop yield and quality. using pot experiments and field experiments, we studied the effects of shading on starch pasting viscosity and starch content with six rice varieties for three years, using the rapid visco analyser to measure starch pasting viscosity. shading at different growth stages and in different rice varieties all affected the starch pasting characteristic ... | 2013 | 23861872 |
| multipass, a rice r2r3-type myb transcription factor, regulates adaptive growth by integrating multiple hormonal pathways. | growth regulation is an important aspect of plant adaptation during environmental perturbations. here, the role of multipass (osmps), an r2r3-type myb transcription factor of rice, was explored. osmps is induced by salt stress and expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. over-expression of osmps reduces growth under non-stress conditions, while knockdown plants display increased biomass. osmps expression is induced by abscisic acid and cytokinin, but is repressed by auxin, gibberellin a ... | 2013 | 23855375 |
| genetical and morphological characterization of cold tolerance at fertilization stage in rice. | cold temperature during the reproductive phase leads to seed sterility, which reduces yield and decreases the grain quality of rice. the fertilization stage, ranging from pollen maturation to the completion of fertilization, is sensitive to unsuitable temperature. improving cold tolerance at the fertilization stage (ctf) is an important objective of rice breeding program in cold temperature areas. in this study, we characterized fertilization behavior under cold temperature to define the phenoty ... | 2013 | 23853514 |
| genetic analysis and fine mapping of a semi-dwarf gene in a centromeric region in rice (oryza sativa l.). | superior plant architecture is a key means of enhancing yield potential in high yielding varieties. a newly identified recessive gene, named sd-c, controls plant height and tiller number. genetic analysis of an f2 population from a cross between the semi-dwarf mutant and japonica cv. houshengheng showed that the sd-c locus was flanked by ssr markers rm27877 and rm277 on chromosome 12. thirty nine indel markers were developed in the region and the sd-c gene was further mapped to a 1 cm centromeri ... | 2013 | 23853510 |
| photosynthesis mediated decrease in cadmium translocation protect shoot growth of oryza sativa seedlings up on ammonium phosphate-sulfur fertilization. | cadmium (cd) stress responses in seedlings of two indian rice cultivars, mtu 7029 and mo 16 were investigated under ammonium-based fertilizer amendment. cd translocation was reduced by fertilizer treatment. an increase in the production of organic acids as well as nitrogenous compounds and maintenance of nutrient status were implicated for decrease in cd translocation which in turn promoted shoot growth. fertilizer treatment increased photosynthetic pigments and activity of antioxidant enzymes t ... | 2014 | 23852466 |
| mutation of osdet1 increases chlorophyll content in rice. | as an important agronomic trait, the chlorophyll (chl) content is closely related to photosynthesis in plants. a rice mutant gc (oryza sativa indica) was characterized previously by its enhanced chl content (chl b and total chl) and exaggerated photosynthetic rate. here, we describe the enhanced chl content was caused by a mutation in the rice homolog of the de-etiolated1 (det1) known to be involved in light transduction and morphogenesis in arabidopsis and tomato. sequence analysis revealed tha ... | 2013 | 23849131 |
| metabolite profiling of the short-term responses of rice leaves (oryza sativa cv. ilmi) cultivated under different led lights and its correlations with antioxidant activities. | metabolite profiling of rice leaves (oryza sativa cv. ilmi) was performed to investigate the short-term responses to different light-emitting diode (led) lights, blue (b), green (g), red (r), white (w), shade (s), by using gas chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry (gc-it-ms) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (uplc-q-tof-ms) with multivariate analysis. clear grouping patterns of each light-grown sample, except g and w, were shown in partia ... | 2013 | 23849114 |
| rice (oryza sativa l.) roots have iodate reduction activity in response to iodine. | although iodine is not an essential nutrient for higher plants, their roots take up and transport the element. however, the exact mechanisms involved in iodine uptake and metabolism in higher plants have yet to be elucidated. in this study, we compared two cultivars differing in iodine tolerance ("nipponbare" and "gohyakumangoku") to increasing levels of i(-) and io(-) 3 in the root solutions of water-cultured rice (oryza sativa l.). we found that io(-) 3 added to the root solutions was converte ... | 2013 | 23847633 |
| loop nucleotide polymorphism in a putative mirna precursor associated with seed length in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the terminal loop region of primary mirna transcripts is an important determinant controlling mirna function in human, animals and plants. however, the effects of polymorphisms in loop region of mirna precusors on phenotypic variation have not been reported, especially on agronomic traits in rice. from rice japonica variety koshihikari and indica guichao2, we isolated a precursor of putative mirna osa-mir2923a. we detected a gg/aa polymorphism in the loop structure from japonica and indica rice ... | 2013 | 23847440 |
| a critical comparison of two high-throughput ascorbate analyses methods for plant samples. | ascorbate (asa) is an important metabolite involved in stress response and development of plants. therefore it is necessary to quantify the asa content in many fields of plant science, including high throughput and critical applications. in this study we compared two different microplate-based asa assays, which are suitable for high throughput applications: an ascorbate oxidase (ao)-based assay and a dipyridyl (dpd)-based assay. these methods were compared in critical applications, i.e. (i) when ... | 2013 | 23835359 |
| evidence for 'silicon' within the cell walls of suspension-cultured rice cells. | despite the ubiquity and beneficial role of silicon (si) in plant biology, structural and chemical mechanisms operating at the single-cell level have not been extensively studied. to obtain insights regarding the effect of si on individual cells, we cultivated suspended rice (oryza sativa) cells in the absence and presence of si and analyzed single cells using a combination of physical techniques including atomic force microscopy (afm). si is naturally present as a constituent of the cell walls, ... | 2013 | 23834738 |
| zinc ameliorates copper-induced oxidative stress in developing rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings were treated with different concentrations of copper (cu) either in presence or absence of zinc (zn), and different events were investigated to evaluate the ameliorative effect of zn on cu stress. in presence of high cu concentration, growth of both root and shoots were considerably reduced. decline in elongation and fresh mass was observed in root and shoot. zn alone did not show any considerable difference as compared to control, but when supplemented along wit ... | 2014 | 23832522 |
| hypolipidemic effects of starch and γ-oryzanol from wx/ae double-mutant rice on balb/c.kor-apoe(shl) mice. | waxy/amylose-extender (wx/ae) double-mutant japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) produces resistant starch (rs) and a large amount of γ-oryzanol. our previous study has shown the hypolipidemic effect of wx/ae brown rice on mice. to identify the functional constituents of the hypolipidemic activity in wx/ae rice, we prepared pure wx/ae starch and γ-oryzanol from wx/ae rice and investigated their effect on the lipid metabolism in balb/c.kor/stm slc-apoe(shl) mice. the mice were fed for 3 weeks a diet c ... | 2013 | 23832334 |
| impacts of acute ozone stress on superoxide dismutase (sod) expression and reactive oxygen species (ros) formation in rice leaves. | tropospheric ozone is an air pollutant harmful to plants and animals. its rapid increase at the ground surface has raised serious concern over damage to the quality and yield of agricultural crops. reactive oxygen species (ros) are formed in plant cells when that are exposed to a high concentration of ozone, and the ros are thought to alter gene expression and result in cellular death. clarification of the ros formation will provide us with a better understanding of the physiological responses t ... | 2013 | 23831949 |
| effects of cadmium on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defences of rice (oryza sativa l.). | the effects of 60-d cadmium (cd) exposure on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative system of oryza sativa l. seedlings at tillering stage were studied using soil culture experiment. research findings showed that chlorophyll content of oryza sativa l. declined with the increase in soil metal concentration. cd pollution induced the antioxidant stress by inducing o2(-1) and h2o2, which increased in plants; at the same time, mda as the final product of peroxidation of membrane lipids, accumulate ... | 2013 | 23819293 |
| immunostimulatory effects and characterization of a glycoprotein fraction from rice bran. | many natural resources obtained from plants have been studied for their utility as host defense potentiators. in the present study, we investigated whether a glycoprotein fraction from rice (oryza sativa) bran (gfrb) could modulate immune responses such as the production of nitric oxide (no), tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α, interleukin (il)-1β, il-6, and il-10 in the raw 264.7 macrophage cell line. gfrb, which contained 65.7% of protein and 7.7% of total sugar, was prepared by treating an aqueous ... | 2013 | 23816537 |
| the stay-green rice like (sgrl) gene regulates chlorophyll degradation in rice. | the stay-green rice (sgr) protein is encoded by the sgr gene and has been shown to affect chlorophyll (chl) degradation during natural and dark-induced leaf senescence. an sgr homologue, sgr-like (sgrl), has been detected in many plant species. we show that sgrl is primarily expressed in green tissues, and is significantly downregulated in rice leaves undergoing natural and dark-induced senescence. as the light intensity increases during the natural photoperiod, the intensity of sgrl expression ... | 2013 | 23816327 |
| a suite of new genes defining salinity stress tolerance in seedlings of contrasting rice genotypes. | salinity is one of the major constraints adversely influencing crop productivity. saltol qtl is a major qtl associated with na⁺-k⁺ ratio and seedling stage salinity tolerance in rice. with an aim to understand the contribution of individual genes localized within saltol towards salinity tolerance, we analysed the transcript abundance of a set of these genes in seedlings of contrasting genotypes of rice. we hypothesize that this approach may be helpful in identifying new 'candidate genes' for imp ... | 2013 | 23813016 |
| improving photosynthesis. | photosynthesis is the basis of plant growth, and improving photosynthesis can contribute toward greater food security in the coming decades as world population increases. multiple targets have been identified that could be manipulated to increase crop photosynthesis. the most important target is rubisco because it catalyses both carboxylation and oxygenation reactions and the majority of responses of photosynthesis to light, co₂, and temperature are reflected in its kinetic properties. oxygenase ... | 2013 | 23812345 |
| divergences in morphological changes and antioxidant responses in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive rice seedlings after salt stress. | salinization plays a primary role in soil degradation and reduced agricultural productivity. we observed that salt stress reversed photosynthesis and reactive oxygen scavenging responses in leaves or roots of two rice cultivars, a salt-tolerant cultivar pokkali and a salt-sensitive cultivar ir-29. salt treatment (100 mm nacl) on ir-29 decreased the maximum photochemical efficiency (fv/fm) and the photochemical quenching coefficient (qp), thereby inhibiting photosynthetic activity. by contrast, t ... | 2013 | 23811121 |
| salt-responsive erf1 regulates reactive oxygen species-dependent signaling during the initial response to salt stress in rice. | early detection of salt stress is vital for plant survival and growth. still, the molecular processes controlling early salt stress perception and signaling are not fully understood. here, we identified salt-responsive erf1 (serf1), a rice (oryza sativa) transcription factor (tf) gene that shows a root-specific induction upon salt and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) treatment. loss of serf1 impairs the salt-inducible expression of genes encoding members of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) casc ... | 2013 | 23800963 |
| [distribution characteristics of rice photosynthesized carbon in soil aggregates of different size and density]. | rice growth affects the distribution of organic matter in soils and soil fractions, and is thus an important factor to control the storage of soil organic matter. the aims of our study were to quantify the photosynthesized c in soil fraction pools of different size and density during the rice growth, and also to offer data evidence not only in the mechanisms of soc accumulation, but also in c sequestration potential in paddy soils. therefore, the microcosm experiment was carried out to quantify ... | 2013 | 23798144 |
| sewage sludge biochar influence upon rice (oryza sativa l) yield, metal bioaccumulation and greenhouse gas emissions from acidic paddy soil. | biochar addition to soil has been proposed to improve plant growth by increasing soil fertility, minimizing bioaccumulation of toxic metal(liod)s and mitigating climate change. sewage sludge (ss) is an attractive, though potentially problematic, feedstock of biochar. it is attractive because of its large abundance; however, it contains elevated concentrations of metal(loid)s and other contaminants. the pyrolysis of ss to biochar (ssbc) may be a way to reduce the availability of these contaminant ... | 2013 | 23796060 |
| impact of nano-cuo stress on rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | indiscriminate release of metal oxide nanoparticles (nps) into the environment due to anthropogenic activities has become a serious threat to the ecological system including plants. the present study assesses the toxicity of nano-cuo on rice (oryza sativa cv. swarna) seedlings. three different levels of stress (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm suspensions of copper ii oxide, <50 nm particle size) were imposed and seedling growth performance was studied along control at 7 and 14 d of experiment. modulat ... | 2013 | 23791109 |
| hd16, a gene for casein kinase i, is involved in the control of rice flowering time by modulating the day-length response. | the alteration of photoperiod sensitivity has let breeders diversify flowering time in oryza sativa (rice) and develop cultivars adjusted to a range of growing season periods. map-based cloning revealed that the rice flowering-time quantitative trait locus (qtl) heading date 16 (hd16) encodes a casein kinase-i protein. one non-synonymous substitution in hd16 resulted in decreased photoperiod sensitivity in rice, and this substitution occurred naturally in an old rice cultivar. by using near-isog ... | 2013 | 23789941 |
| induction of rice mutations by high hydrostatic pressure. | high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) is an extreme thermo-physical factor that affects the synthesis of dna, rna and proteins and induces mutagenesis in microorganisms. our previous studies showed that exposure to 25-100 mpa hhp for 12 h retarded the germination and affected the viability of rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds, increased the tolerance of rice plants to cold stress and altered gene expression patterns in germinating rice seeds. however, the mutagenic effect of hhp on rice remains unknown. in ... | 2013 | 23786816 |
| an injury equivalency system for establishing a common economic threshold for three species of rice planthoppers (hemiptera: delphacidae) in taiwan. | the economic threshold (et) for multiple pest species that share the same injury type on host plants (feeding guild) has been proposed for decision-making in integrated management framework of many defoliating insect pests. however, only a few consider agricultural pests with sucking mouthparts. this study presents the first injury equivalency system for the feeding guild made up of three rice (oryza sativa l.) planthopper (hemiptera: delphacidae) species--nilaparvata lugens (stål), sogatella fu ... | 2013 | 23786072 |
| nuclear proteome response to cell wall removal in rice (oryza sativa). | plant cells are routinely exposed to various pathogens and environmental stresses that cause cell wall perturbations. little is known of the mechanisms that plant cells use to sense these disturbances and transduce corresponding signals to regulate cellular responses to maintain cell wall integrity. previous studies in rice have shown that removal of the cell wall leads to substantial chromatin reorganization and histone modification changes concomitant with cell wall re-synthesis. but the genes ... | 2013 | 23777608 |
| research on the changes in wettability of rice (oryza sativa.) leaf surfaces at different development stages using the owrk method. | a good knowledge in wetting behavior of pesticide spray liquid on plant surface is crucial to spray applications. difference in leaf surface wettability would result in obvious changes in spray wetting behavior. the aim of this paper is to obtain the changes of wettability during different growth periods. | 2014 | 23765738 |
| dynamic changes in radial oxygen loss and iron plaque formation and their effects on cd and as accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.). | temporal variations and correlations between radial oxygen loss (rol), iron (fe) plaque formation, cadmium (cd) and arsenic (as) accumulation were investigated in two rice cultivars at four different growth stages based upon soil pot and deoxygenated solution experiments. the results showed that there were significant differences in rol (1.1-16 μmol o(2) plant(-1) h(-1)), fe plaque formation (4,097-36,056 mg kg(-1)), cd and as in root tissues (cd 77-162 mg kg(-1); as 49-199 mg kg(-1)) and fe pla ... | 2013 | 23765445 |
| impact of elevated co2 and temperature on soil c and n dynamics in relation to ch4 and n2o emissions from tropical flooded rice (oryza sativa l.). | a field experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of elevated carbon dioxide (co2) (cec, 550 μmol mol(-1)) and elevated co2+elevated air temperature (cect, 550 μmol mol(-1) and 2°c more than control chamber (cc)) on soil labile carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) pools, microbial populations and enzymatic activities in relation to emissions of methane (ch4) and nitrous oxide (n2o) in a flooded alluvial soil planted with rice cv. naveen in open top chambers (otcs). the labile soil c pools, nam ... | 2013 | 23764672 |
| a computational systems biology study for understanding salt tolerance mechanism in rice. | salinity is one of the most common abiotic stresses in agriculture production. salt tolerance of rice (oryza sativa) is an important trait controlled by various genes. the mechanism of rice salt tolerance, currently with limited understanding, is of great interest to molecular breeding in improving grain yield. in this study, a gene regulatory network of rice salt tolerance is constructed using a systems biology approach with a number of novel computational methods. we developed an improved volc ... | 2013 | 23762267 |
| elucidating rice cell metabolism under flooding and drought stresses using flux-based modeling and analysis. | rice (oryza sativa) is one of the major food crops in world agriculture, especially in asia. however, the possibility of subsequent occurrence of flood and drought is a major constraint to its production. thus, the unique behavior of rice toward flooding and drought stresses has required special attention to understand its metabolic adaptations. however, despite several decades of research investigations, the cellular metabolism of rice remains largely unclear. in this study, in order to elucida ... | 2013 | 23753178 |
| emissions of ch4 and n2o under different tillage systems from double-cropped paddy fields in southern china. | understanding greenhouse gases (ghg) emissions is becoming increasingly important with the climate change. most previous studies have focused on the assessment of soil organic carbon (soc) sequestration potential and ghg emissions from agriculture. however, specific experiments assessing tillage impacts on ghg emission from double-cropped paddy fields in southern china are relatively scarce. therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of tillage systems on methane (ch4) and ... | 2013 | 23750250 |
| elicitor(s) in sogatella furcifera (horváth) causing the japanese rice plant (oryza sativa l.) to induce the ovicidal substance, benzyl benzoate. | we elucidate the mechanism for inducing the production of ovicidal benzyl benzoate by japonica rice varieties to kill eggs of the whitebacked planthopper, sogatella furcifera (horváth), lying in the rice plant. even when subjected to physical damage by a needle or damage with water, the rice plant produced no benzyl benzoate. however, significant benzyl benzoate was produced when the plant was damaged with a methanol extract or homogenate of s. furcifera. the extract of the male did not induce t ... | 2013 | 23748769 |
| qltg-9, a stable quantitative trait locus for low-temperature germination in rice (oryza sativa l.). | low-temperature germination (ltg) is an important agronomic trait for direct seeding of rice in temperate regions of east asia. to dissect the genetic control of ltg, we constructed a recombinant inbred line (ril) population derived from a cross of japonica variety ussr5 and indica variety n22. three putative qtl involved in ltg were detected and named qltg-7, qltg-9 and qltg-12. they explained 9.5, 12.12 and 7.08 % of the phenotypic variation, respectively, and the alleles from ussr5 enhanced l ... | 2013 | 23748708 |
| genetic structure and diversity of indigenous rice (oryza sativa) varieties in the eastern himalayan region of northeast india. | the eastern himalayan region of northeast (ne) india is home to a large number of indigenous rice varieties, which may serve as a valuable genetic resource for future crop improvement to meet the ever-increasing demand for food production. however, these varieties are rapidly being lost due to changes in land-use and agricultural practices, which favor agronomically improved varieties. a detailed understanding of the genetic structure and diversity of indigenous rice varieties is crucial for eff ... | 2013 | 23741655 |
| the copy number of rice cacta dna transposons carrying mir820 does not correlate with mir820 expression. | mir820 is a small rna species (22 and 24 nucleotides), produced from transcripts originated from a region inside cacta dna transposons in rice. because mir820 is a transposon gene, its expression may depend on the transposon copy number. here, we investigated the copy number of mir820 and its expression levels in various cultivars and wild species of rice. we found no correlation between copy number and expression level, suggesting that mir820 transcription is regulated not by the copy dosage bu ... | 2013 | 23733074 |
| microcystin-lr-induced phytotoxicity in rice crown root is associated with the cross-talk between auxin and nitric oxide. | irrigation with cyanobacterial-blooming water containing microcystin-lr (mc-lr) poses threat to the growth of agricultural plants. large amounts of rice (oryza sativa) field in the middle part of china has been irrigating with cyanobacterial-blooming water. nevertheless, the mechanism of mc-lr-induced phytotoxicity in the root of monocot rice remains unclear. in the present study, we demonstrate that mc-lr stress significantly inhibits the growth of rice root by impacting the morphogenesis rice ... | 2013 | 23726011 |
| water management affects arsenic and cadmium accumulation in different rice cultivars. | paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) is a staple food and one of the major sources of dietary arsenic (as) and cadmium (cd) in asia. a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of four water management regimes (aerobic, intermittent irrigation, conventional irrigation and flooding) on as and cd accumulation in seven major rice cultivars grown in zhejiang province, east china. with increasing irrigation from aerobic to flooded conditions, the soil hcl-extractable as concentrations increas ... | 2013 | 23719663 |
| characterization of the phosphofructokinase gene family in rice and its expression under oxygen deficiency stress. | plants possess two types of phosphofructokinase proteins for phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate, the atp-dependent phosphofructokinase (pfk) and the pyrophosphate-(ppi) dependent pyrophosphate-fructose-6-phosphate-phosphotransferase (pfp). during oxygen deficiency atp levels in rice seedlings are severely reduced, and it is hypothesized that ppi is used as an alternative energy source for the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate during glycolysis. in this study, we analyzed the expressio ... | 2013 | 23717315 |
| natural variation in osprr37 regulates heading date and contributes to rice cultivation at a wide range of latitudes. | heading date and photoperiod sensitivity are fundamental traits that determine rice adaptation to a wide range of geographic environments. by quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping and candidate gene analysis using whole-genome re-sequencing, we found that oryza sativa pseudo-response regulator37 (osprr37; hereafter prr37) is responsible for the early heading7-2 (eh7-2)/heading date2 (hd2) qtl which was identified from a cross of late-heading rice 'milyang23 (m23)' and early-heading rice 'h143'. ... | 2013 | 23713079 |
| quiescence in rice submergence tolerance: an evolutionary hypothesis. | rice (oryza sativa) varieties differ considerably in their tolerance to submergence, a trait that has been associated with the sub1a gene. recently, this gene was found in some wild rice species and landraces, which along with o. sativa, belong to the aa genome type group. on the basis of geographical and historical data, we hypothesize that sub1a-1 from wild species may have been introgressed into domesticated rice. this introgression probably occurred in the ganges basin, with the subsequent s ... | 2013 | 23706591 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci for cadmium accumulation and distribution in rice (oryza sativa). | cadmium (cd) poses a serious risk to human health due to its biological concentration through the food chain. to date, information on genetic and molecular mechanisms of cd accumulation and distribution in rice remains to be elucidated. we developed an independent f7 ril population derived from a cross between two japonica cultivars with contrasting cd levels, 'suwon490' and 'snu-sg1', for qtls identification of cd accumulation and distribution. 'suwon490' accumulated five times higher cd in gra ... | 2013 | 23706075 |
| autotoxicity mechanism of oryza sativa: transcriptome response in rice roots exposed to ferulic acid. | autotoxicity plays an important role in regulating crop yield and quality. to help characterize the autotoxicity mechanism of rice, we performed a large-scale, transcriptomic analysis of the rice root response to ferulic acid, an autotoxin from rice straw. | 2013 | 23705659 |
| genomics-based precision breeding approaches to improve drought tolerance in rice. | rice (oryza sativa l.), the major staple food crop of the world, faces a severe threat from widespread drought. the development of drought-tolerant rice varieties is considered a feasible option to counteract drought stress. the screening of rice germplasm under drought and its characterization at the morphological, genetic, and molecular levels revealed the existence of genetic variation for drought tolerance within the rice gene pool. the improvements made in managed drought screening and sele ... | 2013 | 23702083 |
| evidence for adaptive evolution of low-temperature stress response genes in a pooideae grass ancestor. | adaptation to temperate environments is common in the grass subfamily pooideae, suggesting an ancestral origin of cold climate adaptation. here, we investigated substitution rates of genes involved in low-temperature-induced (lti) stress responses to test the hypothesis that adaptive molecular evolution of lti pathway genes was important for pooideae evolution. substitution rates and signatures of positive selection were analyzed using 4330 gene trees including three warm climate-adapted species ... | 2013 | 23701123 |
| glutathione s-transferase of brown planthoppers (nilaparvata lugens) is essential for their adaptation to gramine-containing host plants. | plants have evolved complex processes to ward off attacks by insects. in parallel, insects have evolved mechanisms to thwart these plant defenses. to gain insight into mechanisms that mediate this arms race between plants and herbivorous insects, we investigated the interactions between gramine, a toxin synthesized by plants of the family gramineae, and glutathione s transferase (gst), an enzyme found in insects that is known to detoxify xenobiotics. here, we demonstrate that rice (oryza sativa) ... | 2013 | 23700450 |
| the rice ring finger e3 ligase, oshci1, drives nuclear export of multiple substrate proteins and its heterogeneous overexpression enhances acquired thermotolerance. | thermotolerance is very important for plant survival when plants are subjected to lethally high temperature. however, thus far little is known about the functions of ring e3 ligase in response to heat shock in plants. this study found that one rice gene encoding the ring finger protein was specifically induced by heat and cold stress treatments but not by salinity or dehydration and named it oshci1 (oryza sativa heat and cold induced 1). subcellular localization results showed that oshci1 was ma ... | 2013 | 23698632 |
| zn uptake, translocation and grain zn loading in rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes selected for zn deficiency tolerance and high grain zn. | zn deficiency is a widespread problem in rice (oryza sativa l.) grown under flooded conditions, limiting growth and grain zn accumulation. genotypes with zn deficiency tolerance or high grain zn have been identified in breeding programmes, but little is known about the physiological mechanisms conferring these traits. a protocol was developed for growing rice to maturity in agar nutrient solution (ans), with optimum zn-sufficient growth achieved at 1.5 μm znso4.7h2o. the redox potential in ans s ... | 2013 | 23698631 |
| [optimized condition for protoplast isolation from maize, wheat and rice leaves]. | maize (zea mays l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) are three staple crops and accordingly it is very meaningful to optimize the condition of their protoplasts isolation. the concentration of the enzyme, the time of isolation and centrifugal force in protoplast isolation were investigated to find their effects on protoplast yield and viability using leaves of maize (zong 3), wheat (chinese spring) and rice (nipponbare). the results show that the concentration of the enzy ... | 2013 | 23697167 |
| lcsain1, a novel salt-induced gene from sheepgrass, confers salt stress tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis and rice. | previously, we identified >1,500 genes that were induced by high salt stress in sheepgrass (leymus chinensis, gramineae: triticeae) when comparing the changes in their transcription levels in response to high salt stress by next-generation sequencing. among the identified genes, a gene of unknown function (designated as leymus chinensis salt-induced 1, lcsain1) showed a high sequence identity to its homologs from wheat, hordeum vulgare and oryza sativa, but lcsain1 and its homologs produce hypot ... | 2013 | 23695503 |
| diversity analysis of biocontrol bacillus isolated from rhizospheric soil of rice-wheat (oryza sativa-triticum aestivum l.) at india. | | 2013 | 23695416 |
| allergenic potential of rice-pollen proteins: expression, immuno-cross reactivity and ige-binding. | pollen proteins from several grass species have been identified and characterized as causative allergens in grass pollinosis. in contrast, allergenic potential of pollen proteins from rice, which belongs to the same poaceae family, has not well been investigated, despite that a few clinical cases have been reported on rice-pollen allergy. in this study, to characterize expression and allergenic potential of pollen proteins from rice (oryza sativa, ssp. japonica), rice putative proteins for β-exp ... | 2013 | 23694780 |
| validation and characterization of ghd7.1, a major quantitative trait locus with pleiotropic effects on spikelets per panicle, plant height, and heading date in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a quantitative trait locus (qtl) that affects heading date (hd) and the number of spikelets per panicle (spp) was previously identified in a small region on chromosome 7 in rice (oryza sativa l.). in order to further characterize the qtl region, near isogenic lines (nils) were quickly obtained by self-crossing recombinant inbred line 189, which is heterozygous in the vicinity of the target region. the pleiotropic effects of qtl ghd7.1 on plant height (ph), spp, and hd, were validated using an ni ... | 2013 | 23692054 |
| expression patterns of photoperiod and temperature regulated heading date genes in oryza sativa. | in plants, flowering is a major biological phenomenon, which is regulated by an array of interactions occurring between biotic and abiotic factors. in our study, we have compared the expression profiles of flowering genes involved in the flowering pathway, which are influenced by conditions like photoperiod and temperature from seedling to heading developmental stages in two oryza sativa indica varieties, viz., zhenshan 97 and minghui 63 using a expression network approach. using the network exp ... | 2013 | 23688619 |
| the rice osdil gene plays a role in drought tolerance at vegetative and reproductive stages. | drought is one of the critical factors limiting reproductive yields of rice and other crops globally. however, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying reproductive development under drought stress in rice. to explore the potential gene function for improving rice reproductive development under drought, a drought induced gene, oryza sativa drought-induced ltp (osdil) encoding a lipid transfer protein, was identified from our microarray data and selected for further study. osdil w ... | 2013 | 23686450 |
| heterologous expression of rice calnexin (oscnx) confers drought tolerance in nicotiana tabacum. | calnexin (cnx) is an integral membrane protein of endoplasmic reticulum (er) and is a critical component of er quality control machinery. it acts as a chaperone and ensures proper folding of newly synthesised glycoproteins. cnx shares a considerable homology with its luminal counterpart calreticulin (crt). together, they constitute cnx/crt cycle which is imperative for proper folding of nascent proteins. cnx deficient organisms develop severe complications because of improper folding of proteins ... | 2013 | 23681551 |
| insight into the 3d structure of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase from rice (oryza sativa l.). | adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (e.c. 2.7.7.27; agpase) is a key regulatory enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of starch biosynthesis in higher plants. agpase consists of pair of small (ss) and large (ls) subunits thereby constituting a heterotetrameric structure. no crystal structure of the native heterotetrameric enzyme is available for any species, thus limiting the complete understanding of structure-function relationships of this enzyme. in this study, an attempt was made to deduce ... | 2013 | 23674369 |
| genetic, physiological, and gene expression analyses reveal that multiple qtl enhance yield of rice mega-variety ir64 under drought. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is a highly drought sensitive crop, and most semi dwarf rice varieties suffer severe yield losses from reproductive stage drought stress. the genetic complexity of drought tolerance has deterred the identification of agronomically relevant quantitative trait loci (qtl) that can be deployed to improve rice yield under drought in rice. convergent evidence from physiological characterization, genetic mapping, and multi-location field evaluation was used to address this challe ... | 2013 | 23667521 |
| introduction of the rice cyp714d1 gene into populus inhibits expression of its homologous genes and promotes growth, biomass production and xylem fibre length in transgenic trees. | the rice (oryza sativa) oscyp714d1 gene (also known as eui) encodes a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase which functions as a gibberellin (ga)-deactivating enzyme, catalysing 16α, 17-epoxidation of non-13-hydroxylated gas. to understand whether it would also reduce the production of active gas and depress the growth rate in transgenic trees, we constitutively expressed oscyp714d1 in the aspen hybrid clone populus alba×p. berolinensis. unexpectedly, ectopic expression of oscyp714d1 in aspen positively ... | 2013 | 23667043 |
| dna methylation involved in proline accumulation in response to osmotic stress in rice (oryza sativa). | proline accumulation is involved in plant osmotic stress tolerance. given that dna methylation is related to almost all metabolic processes through regulation of gene expression, we suspected that this epigenetic modification and proline biosynthesis are probably related. to test this, we investigated whether osmotic stress-induced proline accumulation is associated with dna methylation modifications in rice. we assessed dna methylation and expression of 3 key genes (p5cr, p5cs, and δ-oat) invol ... | 2013 | 23661451 |
| cell death of rice roots under salt stress may be mediated by cyanide-resistant respiration. | treatment with solutions containing high concentrations of nacl (200 or 300 mm) induced cell death in rice (oryza sativa l.) roots, as well as the application of exogenous hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). moreover, the pretreatment with dimethylthiourea (dmtu), a scavenger of h2o2, partially alleviated the root cell death induced by 200 mm nacl. these observations suggest that the cell death of rice roots under high salt stress is linked to h2o2 accumulation in vivo. nacl stress increased the level of ... | 2015 | 23659171 |
| salt overly sensitive pathway members are influenced by diurnal rhythm in rice. | the diurnal rhythm controls many aspects of plant physiology such as flowering, photosynthesis and growth. rice is one of the staple foods for world's population. abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, heat and cold severely affect rice production. under salinity stress, maintenance of ion homeostasis is a major challenge, which also defines the tolerance level of a given genotype. salt overly sensitive (sos) pathway is well documented to play a key role in maintaining the na(+) homeostasis ... | 2013 | 23656875 |
| high occurrence of functional new chimeric genes in survey of rice chromosome 3 short arm genome sequences. | in an effort to identify newly evolved genes in rice, we searched the genomes of asian-cultivated rice oryza sativa ssp. japonica and its wild progenitors, looking for lineage-specific genes. using genome pairwise comparison of approximately 20-mb dna sequences from the chromosome 3 short arm (chr3s) in six rice species, o. sativa, o. nivara, o. rufipogon, o. glaberrima, o. barthii, and o. punctata, combined with synonymous substitution rate tests and other evidence, we were able to identify pot ... | 2013 | 23651622 |
| overexpression of microrna319 impacts leaf morphogenesis and leads to enhanced cold tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | microrna319 (mir319) family is one of the conserved microrna (mirna) families among diverse plant species. it has been reported that mir319 regulates plant development in dicotyledons, but little is known at present about its functions in monocotyledons. in rice (oryza sativa l.), the mir319 gene family comprises two members, osa-mir319a and osa-mir319b. here, we report an expression pattern analysis and a functional characterization of the two osa-mir319 genes in rice. we found that overexpress ... | 2013 | 23651319 |
| gs6, a member of the gras gene family, negatively regulates grain size in rice. | grain size is an important yield-related trait in rice. intensive artificial selection for grain size during domestication is evidenced by the larger grains of most of today's cultivars compared with their wild relatives. however, the molecular genetic control of rice grain size is still not well characterized. here, we report the identification and cloning of grain size 6 (gs6), which plays an important role in reducing grain size in rice. a premature stop at the +348 position in the coding seq ... | 2013 | 23650998 |
| a novel tracking tool for the analysis of plant-root tip movements. | the growth process of roots consists of many activities, such as exploring the soil volume, mining minerals, avoiding obstacles and taking up water to fulfil the plant's primary functions, that are performed differently, depending on environmental conditions. root movements are strictly related to a root decision strategy, which helps plants to survive under stressful conditions by optimizing energy consumption. in this work, we present a novel image-analysis tool to study the kinematics of the ... | 2013 | 23648942 |
| the mechanism of orfh79 suppression with the artificial restorer fertility gene mt-grp162. | the restoration fertility complex (rfc) was previously identified in honglian (hl)-cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) rice (oryza sativa), and glycine-rich protein 162 (grp162) is responsible for binding to the cms-associated transcript atp6-orfh79. here, we engineered a recombinant grp162 containing the mitochondrial transit peptide, termed mt-grp162, as an artificial restorer of fertility (rf) gene. mt-grp162 was confirmed to bind to cms-associated rna and to localize to the mitochondria. the tr ... | 2013 | 23647140 |
| responses to light intensity in a genome-scale model of rice metabolism. | we describe the construction and analysis of a genome-scale metabolic model representing a developing leaf cell of rice (oryza sativa) primarily derived from the annotations in the ricecyc database. we used flux balance analysis to determine that the model represents a network capable of producing biomass precursors (amino acids, nucleotides, lipid, starch, cellulose, and lignin) in experimentally reported proportions, using carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source. we then repeated the analysis ... | 2013 | 23640755 |
| mapping qtls for traits related to salinity tolerance at seedling stage of rice (oryza sativa l.): an agrigenomics study of an iranian rice population. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the most important food crops in the world, especially in asian countries, and salinity is a major constraint to the sustainability and expansion of rice cultivation. genetically improving salt tolerance of rice is a highly important objective of rice breeding programs. traits such as salt tolerance are quantitatively inherited. hence, mapping quantitative trait loci (qtl) with molecular markers can be very helpful to plant breeders in the field of agricultural g ... | 2013 | 23638881 |
| extensive microsatellite variation in rice induced by introgression from wild rice (zizania latifolia griseb.). | it is widely accepted that interspecific hybridization may induce genomic instability in the resultant hybrids. however, few studies have been performed on the genomic analysis of homoploid hybrids and introgression lines. we have reported previously that by introgressive hybridization, a set of introgression lines between rice (oryza sativa l.) and wild rice (zizania latifolia griseb.) was successfully generated, and which have led to the release of several cultivars. | 2013 | 23638037 |
| multi-floret spikelet1, which encodes an ap2/erf protein, determines spikelet meristem fate and sterile lemma identity in rice. | the spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure of grass. the molecular mechanism that controls the development of the spikelet remains unclear. in this study, we identified a rice (oryza sativa) spikelet mutant, multi-floret spikelet1 (mfs1), that showed delayed transformation of spikelet meristems to floral meristems, which resulted in an extra hull-like organ and an elongated rachilla. in addition, the sterile lemma was homeotically converted to the rudimentary glume and the body of the pale ... | 2013 | 23629832 |
| characterization of rice nadph oxidase genes and their expression under various environmental conditions. | plasma membrane nadph oxidases (noxs) are key producers of reactive oxygen species under both normal and stress conditions in plants. we demonstrate that at least eleven genes in the genome of rice (oryza sativa l.) were predicted to encode nox proteins, including nine genes (osnox1-9) that encode typical noxs and two that encode ancient nox forms (ferric reduction oxidase 1 and 7, osfro1 and osfro7). phylogenetic analysis divided the noxs from nine plant species into six subfamilies, with rice ... | 2013 | 23629674 |
| a novel translocation event leads to a recombinant stable chromosome with interrupted centromeric domains in rice. | rice (oryza sativa l.) centromeres are composed of 155-bp satellite repeats (cento), centromere-specific retrotransposon (crr), and a variety of other repeats. previous studies have shown that cento and crr elements are both parts of the functional centromere/kinetochore complex. in this study, a naturally occurring karyotype rearrangement involving a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 11 in an indica rice zhongxian 3037 has been identified. the recombinant centromere in chr11l·9 ... | 2013 | 23625520 |
| characterization and fine mapping of the rice premature senescence mutant ospse1. | premature senescence can limit crop productivity by limiting the growth phase. in the present study, a spontaneous premature senescence mutant was identified in rice (oryza sativa l.). genetic analysis revealed that the premature senescence phenotype was controlled by a recessive mutation, which we named oryza sativa premature senescence1 (ospse1). the ospse1 mutants showed premature leaf senescence from the booting stage and exhibited more severe symptoms during reproductive and ripening stages ... | 2013 | 23624440 |
| locating qtls controlling several adult root traits in an elite chinese hybrid rice. | this study aimed to elucidate the genetics of the adult root system in elite chinese hybrid rice. several adult root traits in a recombinant inbred line (ril) population of xieyou 9308 and two backcross f1 (bcf1) populations derived from the rils were phenotyped under hydroponic culture at heading stage for quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping and other statistical analysis. there a total of eight qtls detected for the root traits. among of them, a pleiotropic qtl was repeatedly flanked by rm1 ... | 2013 | 23624393 |
| response of rice to insect elicitors and the role of osjar1 in wound and herbivory-induced ja-ile accumulation. | plants produce jasmonic acid (ja) and its amino acid conjugate, jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (ja-ile) as major defense signals in response to wounding and herbivory. in rice (oryza sativa), ja and ja-ile rapidly increased after mechanical damage, and this increase was further amplified when the wounds were treated with oral secretions from generalist herbivore larvae, lawn armyworms (spodoptera mauritia), revealing for the first time active perception mechanisms of herbivore-associated elicitor(s) in ... | 2013 | 23621526 |
| osrrmh, a spen-like gene, plays an important role during the vegetative to reproductive transition in rice. | osrrmh, a homologue of osrrm, encodes a spen-like protein, and is composed of two n-terminal rna recognition motifs (rrm) and one c-terminal spen paralogue and an orthologue c-terminal domain (spoc). the gene has been found to be constitutively expressed in the root, stem, leaf, spikelet, and immature seed, and alternative splicing patterns were confirmed in different tissues, which may indicate diverse functions for osrrmh. the osrrmh dsrnai lines exhibited late-flowering and a larger panicle p ... | 2013 | 23621499 |
| does chloroplast size influence photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency? | high nitrogen (n) supply frequently results in a decreased photosynthetic n-use efficiency (pnue), which indicates a less efficient use of accumulated ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco). chloroplasts are the location of rubisco and the endpoint of co2 diffusion, and they play a vital important role in photosynthesis. however, the effects of chloroplast development on photosynthesis are poorly explored. in the present study, rice seedlings (oryza sativa l., cv. 'shanyou 63' ... | 2013 | 23620801 |
| polyamines and ethylene interact in rice grains in response to soil drying during grain filling. | this study tested the hypothesis that the interaction between polyamines and ethylene may mediate the effects of soil drying on grain filling of rice (oryza sativa l.). two rice cultivars were pot grown. three treatments, well-watered, moderate soil drying (md), and severe soil drying (sd), were imposed from 8 d post-anthesis until maturity. the endosperm cell division rate, grain-filling rate, and grain weight of earlier flowering superior spikelets showed no significant differences among the t ... | 2013 | 23606413 |
| isolation and characterization of two novel root-specific promoters in rice (oryza sativa l.). | novel root-specific promoters are important for developing methods to drive root-specific gene expression for nutrient and water absorption. rt-pcr (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) analysis identified high expression levels of os03g01700 and os02g37190 in root tissues across developmental stages in comparison with the constitutive genes osact1 (rice actin1 gene), osubi1 (rice polyubiquitin rubi1 gene), and oscc1 (rice cytochrome c gene). the copy numbers of os03g01700 and os02g3 ... | 2013 | 23602097 |
| gene flow from transgenic rice to red rice (oryza sativa l.) in the field. | in this study, we simulate a transgenic rice crop highly infested with red rice to examine transgene transfer from a transgenic line (a2504) resistant to glufosinate ammonium to cohabitant red rice. the red rice was sown along with the transgenic line at the highest density found in naturally infested crops in the region. agricultural practices similar to those used to control red rice infestation in northern italy rice fields were used to reproduce the local rice production system. during the f ... | 2014 | 23590388 |
| profiling the ionome of rice and its use in discriminating geographical origins at the regional scale, china. | element profile was investigated for their use to trace the geographical origin of rice (oryza sativa l.) samples. the concentrations of 13 elements (calcium (ca), potassium (k), magnesium (mg), phosphorus (p), boron (b), manganese (mn), iron (fe), nickel (ni), copper (cu), arsenic (as), selenium (se), molybdenum (mo), and cadmium (cd)) were determined in the rice samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission and mass spectrometry. most of the essential elements for human health in rice ... | 2013 | 23586309 |
| salicylic acid alleviates copper toxicity in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings by up-regulating antioxidative and glyoxalase systems. | the present study investigated the effect of salicylic acid (sa) on toxic symptoms, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species generation and responses of antioxidative and glyoxalase systems in rice seedlings grown hydroponically under copper (cu) stress for 48 h. exposures of 75 and 150 μm cu(2+) caused toxicity symptoms (chlorosis, necrosis and rolling in leaves), sharp increases in malondialdehyde (mda), hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) contents and lipoxygenase (lox) activity with concomitant redu ... | 2013 | 23579392 |
| investigation of tocotrienol biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice tocotrienol (t3) has gained attention due to its physiological activities (e.g., antiangiogenesis). however, the biosynthetic pathway for t3 production in rice grain has not been well studied. we hypothesized that t3 biosynthesis enzymes and/or precursors play an important role in t3 production in whole grain. this proposal was evaluated in rice (oryza sativa l.) by pcr and hplc techniques. grain tocopherol as well as flag leaf vitamin e levels were also investigated for comparison. for ric ... | 2013 | 23578619 |
| dissecting rice polyamine metabolism under controlled long-term drought stress. | a selection of 21 rice cultivars (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica and japonica) was characterized under moderate long-term drought stress by comprehensive physiological analyses and determination of the contents of polyamines and selected metabolites directly related to polyamine metabolism. to investigate the potential regulation of polyamine biosynthesis at the transcriptional level, the expression of 21 genes encoding enzymes involved in these pathways were analyzed by qrt-pcr. analysis of the ge ... | 2013 | 23577102 |
| the use of relocate and unassembled short reads to produce high-resolution snapshots of transposable element generated diversity in rice. | transposable elements (tes) are dynamic components of genomes that often vary in copy number among members of the same species. with the advent of next-generation sequencing te insertion-site polymorphism can be examined at an unprecedented level of detail when combined with easy-to-use bioinformatics software. here we report a new tool, relocate, that rapidly identifies specific te insertions that are either polymorphic or shared between a reference and unassembled next-generation sequencing re ... | 2013 | 23576519 |
| root iron plaque formation and characteristics under n2 flushing and its effects on translocation of zn and cd in paddy rice seedlings (oryza sativa). | anoxic conditions are seldom considered in root iron plaque induction of wetland plants in hydroponic experiments, but such conditions are essential for root iron plaque formation in the field. although ferrous ion availability and root radial oxygen loss capacity are generally taken into account, neglect of anoxic conditions in root iron plaque formation might lead to an under- or over-estimate of their functional effects, such as blocking toxic metal uptake. this study hypothesized that anoxic ... | 2013 | 23572276 |
| the atp-binding cassette transporter osabcg15 is required for anther development and pollen fertility in rice. | plant male reproductive development is a complex biological process, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. here, we characterized a rice (oryza sativa l.) male sterile mutant. based on map-based cloning and sequence analysis, we identified a 1,459-bp deletion in an adenosine triphosphate (atp)-binding cassette (abc) transporter gene, osabcg15, causing abnormal anthers and male sterility. therefore, we named this mutant osabcg15. expression analysis showed that osabcg15 is expresse ... | 2013 | 23570336 |
| protein profile of rice (oryza sativa) seeds. | seeds are the most important plant storage organ and play a central role in the life cycle of plants. since little is known about the protein composition of rice (oryza sativa) seeds, in this work we used proteomic methods to obtain a reference map of rice seed proteins and identify important molecules. overall, 480 reproducible protein spots were detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis on ph 4-7 gels and 302 proteins were identified by maldi-tof ms and database searches. together, these pro ... | 2013 | 23569412 |
| a review of the "omics" approach to biomarkers of oxidative stress in oryza sativa. | physiological and ecological constraints that cause the slow growth and depleted production of crops have raised a major concern in the agriculture industry as they represent a possible threat of short food supply in the future. the key feature that regulates the stress signaling pathway is always related to the reactive oxygen species (ros). the accumulation of ros in plant cells would leave traces of biomarkers at the genome, proteome, and metabolome levels, which could be identified with the ... | 2013 | 23567269 |
| evaluation of estimated daily intake (edi) of cadmium and lead for rice (oryza sativa l.) in calcareous soils. | the excessive amounts of cadmium and lead in food chain can cause health problems for humans and ecosystem. rice is an important food in human diet. therefore this study was conducted in order to investigate cadmium and lead concentrations in seed rice (oryza saliva) of paddy fields in southwest of iran. a total of 70 rice seed samples were collected from paddy fields in five regions of khuzestan province, southwest iran, during harvesting time. in the samples cadmium and lead concentrations wer ... | 2013 | 23566692 |