| innate immunity proteins and a new truncated form of splunc1 in nasopharyngeal aspirates from infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | purpose: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of severe respiratory tract infection in infants. the aim was to identify host defence components in nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa) from infants with rsv infection and to study the expression of the novel 25 kda innate immunity protein splunc1. experimental design: npas from infants were analyzed with 2-de and ms in a pilot study. the levels of splunc1 were analyzed with immunoblotting in 47 npas, admitted for rsv diagnosis. resu ... | 2011 | 21805676 |
| absence of vaccine-enhanced rsv disease and changes in pulmonary dendritic cells with adenovirus-based rsv vaccine. | abstract: the development of a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been hampered by the risk for vaccine-enhanced rsv pulmonary disease induced by immunization with formalin-inactivated rsv (firsv). this study focuses on the evaluation of vaccine-enhanced pulmonary disease following immunization with adf.rgd, an integrin-targeted adenovirus vector that expresses the rsv f protein and includes an rgd (arg-gly-asp) motif. immunization of balb/c mice with adf.rgd, resulted in anti ... | 2011 | 21801372 |
| mhc-dependent ctl repertoire and functional avidity contribute to strain-specific disease susceptibility after murine rsv infection. | susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in mice is genetically determined. while rsv causes little pathology in c57bl/6 mice, pulmonary inflammation and weight loss occur in balb/c mice. using mhc congenic mice, we observed that the h-2(d) allele can partially transfer disease susceptibility to c57bl/6 mice. this was not explained by altered viral elimination or differences in the magnitude of the overall virus-specific ctl response. however, h-2(d) mice showed a more focus ... | 2011 | 21795345 |
| multiple functional domains and complexes of the two nonstructural proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus contribute to interferon suppression and cellular location. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major cause of severe respiratory diseases, efficiently suppresses cellular innate immunity, represented by type i interferon (ifn), using its two unique nonstructural proteins, ns1 and ns2. in searching for their mechanism, ns1 was previously shown to decrease levels of traf3 and ikke, whereas ns2 interacted with rig-i and decreased traf3 and stat2. here, we report on the interaction, cellular localization and functional domains of these two proteins. ... | 2011 | 21795342 |
| production of rous sarcoma virus-like particles displaying human transmembrane protein in silkworm larvae and its application to ligand-receptor binding assay. | two types of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) group-antigen protein (gag) virus like particles (vlps), full-length gag (gag701) and rsv protease domain (pr)-deleted mutant (gag577) were expressed in silkworm larvae. gag577 was secreted into hemolymph efficiently using wild type bacmid (wt), cysteine protease-deficient bacmid (cp(-)), cysteine protease and chitinase-deficient bacmid (cp(-)chi(-)) bacmids, but comparatively gag701 secretion levels were low. vlps were purified on 10-60% (v/v) sucrose densi ... | 2011 | 21794838 |
| whole genome characterization of non-tissue culture adapted hrsv strains in severely infected children. | abstract: background: human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the most important virus causing lower respiratory infection in young children. the complete genetic characterization of rsv clinical strains is a prerequisite for understanding hrsv infection in the clinical context. current information about the genetic structure of the hrsv genome has largely been obtained using tissue culture adapted viruses. during tissue culture adaptation genetic changes can be introduced into the virus gen ... | 2011 | 21794174 |
| genetic dissection of the resistance to rice stripe virus present in the indica rice cultivar 'ir24' | rice stripe disease, caused by rice stripe virus (rsv) and transmitted by the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fallen), is one of the most serious viral diseases of rice in temperate east asian production regions. prior quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping has established that oryza sativa l. subsp. indica 'ir24' carries positive alleles at the three loci qstv3, qstv7, and qstv11-i. here, we report an advanced backcross analysis based on three selected chromosome segment substitu ... | 2011 | 21793697 |
| comparison of risk factors between preterm and term infants hospitalized for severe respiratory syncytial virus in the russian federation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. preterm birth, in addition to several demographic and environmental factors, increases the risk for development of severe rsv infection. the purpose of this study was to describe differences in risk factors and protective factors between preterm birth (up to 35 weeks' gestational age) and term infants hospitalized for rsv lower respiratory tract infection in the russian federation during the 200 ... | 2011 | 21792335 |
| [detection and clinical characteristics analysis of human bocavirus 1-3 in children for acute respiratory infection in lanzhou area]. | to study the clinical and molecular epidemiology characteristics of human bocavirus 1-3 (hbov1-3) in children for acute respiratory infection in lanzhou area. | 2011 | 21789841 |
| a novel inactivated intranasal respiratory syncytial virus vaccine promotes viral clearance without th2 associated vaccine-enhanced disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children worldwide, and no vaccine is currently available. inactivated rsv vaccines tested in the 1960's led to vaccine-enhanced disease upon viral challenge, which has undermined rsv vaccine development. rsv infection is increasingly being recognized as an important pathogen in the elderly, as well as other individuals with compromised pulmonary immunity. a safe and effective inactivated rsv vaccine wou ... | 2011 | 21789184 |
| increased detection of respiratory viruses in paediatric outpatients with acute respiratory illness by real-time polymerase chain reaction using nasopharyngeal flocked swabs. | detection of respiratory viruses by realtime multiplexed pcr (m-pcr) and of rsv by m-pcr and immunofluorescence(if) was evaluated using specimens collected by nasopharyngeal flocked swab(nfs) and nasal wash(nw). in children with mild respiratory illness, nfs collection was superior to nw collection for detection of viruses by m-pcr (sensitivity 89.6% vs 79.2%, p=0.0043). nfs collection was non-inferior to nw collection in detecting rsv by if. | 2011 | 21775539 |
| the structure and function of the rous sarcoma virus rna stability element. | for simple retroviruses, such as the rous sarcoma virus, post-transcriptional control elements regulate viral rna splicing, export, stability and packaging into virions. these rna sequences interact with cellular host proteins to regulate and facilitate productive viral infections. one such element, known as the rous sarcoma virus stability element (rse), is required for maintaining stability of the full-length unspliced rna. this viral rna serves as the mrna for the gag and pol proteins and als ... | 2011 | 21769913 |
| clara cell protein 10 polymorphism is not associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | aim: to investigate a possible correlation between severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and single-nucleotide polymorphism in the clara cell protein 10 (cc10) gene (a38g). methods: children hospitalized with severe rsv lower respiratory tract (ltri) infection at karolinska university hospital stockholm during three subsequent rsv seasons were selected and genotyped. age-matched controls were used. the two groups were compared regarding single nucleotide polymorphism in the cc10 g ... | 2011 | 21767304 |
| the role of rsv infection in asthma initiation and progression: findings in a mouse model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of severe lower respiratory tract diseases (bronchiolitis and pneumonia) during infancy and early childhood. there is increasing evidence which indicates that severe pulmonary disease caused by rsv infection in infancy is associated with recurrent wheezing and development of asthma later in childhood. however, the underlying mechanisms linking rsv infection to persistent airway hyperresponsiveness and dysfunction are not fully defined. to study ... | 2011 | 21766019 |
| role of the fas/fasl system in a model of rsv infection in mechanically ventilated mice. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children can progress to respiratory distress and acute lung injury (ali) necessitating mechanical ventilation (mv). mv enhances apoptosis and inflammation in mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), a mouse pneumovirus that has been used as a model for severe rsv infection in mice. we hypothesized that the fas/fas ligand (fasl) system, a dual pro-apoptotic/pro-inflammatory system involved in other forms of lung injury, is required for ... | 2011 | 21743025 |
| new insights into the nuclear localization of retroviral gag proteins. | retroviruses assemble new virus particles that are released by budding from the plasma membranes of infected cells. gag proteins, encoded by retroviruses, orchestrate the assembly of virus particles in close collaboration with host cell machinery. the earliest steps in retrovirus assembly-those immediately following synthesis of gag on cytosolic ribosomes-are poorly understood. rous sarcoma virus (rsv) offers a unique model system for dissecting these early steps because the rsv gag protein unde ... | 2011 | 21738831 |
| identification of deletion mutant respiratory syncytial virus strains lacking most of the g protein in immunocompromised children with pneumonia in south africa. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein deletion mutants replicate effectively in vitro but have not been detected in nature. subtyping of rsv strains in hospitalized children in south africa identified g protein pcr amplicons significantly reduced in size in 2 out of 209 clinical specimens screened over 4 years. sequence analysis revealed subtype b strains lacking nearly the entire g protein ectodomain in one hiv-positive and one hiv-exposed child hospitalized with pneumonia. the associatio ... | 2011 | 21680500 |
| multiple cd4+ t cell subsets produce immunomodulatory il-10 during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the host immune response is believed to contribute to the severity of pulmonary disease induced by acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. because rsv-induced pulmonary disease is associated with immunopathology, we evaluated the role of il-10 in modulating the rsv-specific immune response. we found that il-10 protein levels in the lung were increased following acute rsv infection, with maximum production corresponding to the peak of the virus-specific t cell response. the majority of ... | 2011 | 21844390 |
| a review of palivizumab and emerging therapies for respiratory syncytial virus. | introduction: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pathogen in children and adults; however, current treatment options are primarily supportive. palivizumab, the only approved specific monoclonal antibody for rsv is used prophylactically to reduce morbidity in a select population of high-risk children. areas covered: the development and current use of palivizumab; the potential role of palivizumab as preventive therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis, asthma and compromised immune ... | 2011 | 21831008 |
| wu polyomavirus infection among children in south china. | this study aimed at investigating the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with respiratory infection by wu polyomavirus (wupyv) in southern china. nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from 771 children with acute respiratory tract infection admitted to hospital and 82 samples from healthy subjects for routine examination at the outpatient service at the second affiliated hospital of shantou university, medical college from july 2008 to june 2009. wupyv was detected by t ... | 2011 | 21678448 |
| epidemiological study of hospitalization associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in taiwanese children between 2004 and 2007. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of hospitalization in young children. the population-based burden of rsv hospitalization and the effect of potential risk factors on the severity of illness were evaluated in taiwanese children. | 2011 | 21741007 |
| antibody response and avidity of respiratory syncytial virus-specific total igg, igg1, and igg3 in young children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of acute respiratory disease in infants and young children. considering that several aspects of the humoral immune response to rsv infection remain unclear, this study aimed to investigate the occurrence, levels, and avidity of total igg, igg1, and igg3 antibodies against rsv in serum samples from children ôëñ5 years old. in addition, a possible association between antibody avidity and severity of illness was examined. the occurrence and levels ... | 2011 | 21837801 |
| expression of an rsv-gag virus-like particle in insect cell lines and silkworm larvae. | rous sarcoma virus group antigen protein-based virus-like particles (vlps) are well known for their structural integrity and ease of handling. vlps play an important role in drug delivery systems because they can be manipulated with ease. in this study, a new method was established for expressing rous sarcoma virus group antigen protein based vlps in silkworm larvae and establishing stably expressing insect cell lines. these vlps have been isolated by ultracentrifugation using a sucrose step gra ... | 2011 | 21816175 |
| autocrine regulation of pulmonary inflammation by effector t-cell derived il-10 during infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the leading viral cause of severe lower respiratory tract illness in young infants. clinical studies have documented that certain polymorphisms in the gene encoding the regulatory cytokine il-10 are associated with the development of severe bronchiolitis in rsv infected infants. here, we examined the role of il-10 in a murine model of primary rsv infection and found that high levels of il-10 are produced in the respiratory tract by anti-viral effect ... | 2011 | 21829368 |
| a new assay system for evaluation of developmental immunotoxicity of chemical compounds using respiratory syncytial virus infection to offspring mice. | we evaluated the effect of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (ptu), an anti-thyroid agent, on developmental immunity using respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection to offspring mice as a new risk assessment for brominated flame retardants (bfrs), because some bfrs are suspected of affecting the thyroid system. pregnant mice were exposed to ptu in drinking water from gestation day 10 to weaning on postnatal day 21. their offspring mice were infected intranasally with rsv. exposure of 100ppm ptu significan ... | 2008 | 21783838 |
| comparative evaluation of the seegene seeplex rv15 and real-time pcr for respiratory virus detection. | respiratory virus infections contribute substantially both to hospitalizations of young children, and to morbidity in immunocompromised patients such as those with hematological malignancies. their rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to patient management. to evaluate the prospective utility of seeplex-« dpo technology in respiratory virus diagnosis, a panel of 99 respiratory samples positive by real-time rt-pcr for one or more viruses was assayed by the seegene seeplex-« rv12 system. as w ... | 2011 | 21678451 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with an altered innate immunity and a heightened pro-inflammatory response in the lungs of preterm lambs. | abstract: | 2011 | 21827668 |
| replacement of previously circulating respiratory syncytial virus subtype b strains with the ba genotype in south africa. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants, the immunocompromised, and the elderly in both developed and developing countries. reinfections are common, and g protein variability is one mechanism to overcome herd immunity. this is illustrated by the appearance of the ba genotype with a 60-nucleotide duplication dominating the subtype b genotypes in epidemics worldwide. to investigate the evolution of subtype b in south africa since 2002, the genet ... | 2011 | 21715483 |
| increased eosinophilic cationic protein in nasal fluid in hospitalized wheezy infants with rsv infection. | background: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major respiratory pathogen which causes bronchiolitis with dyspnea and wheezing in children less than 2 years old. rsv bronchiolitis in infancy severe enough to cause hospitalization might be a risk factor for allergic sensitization and bronchial asthma in future. however, the pathophysiology behind this development has not been clearly characterized. to evaluate the existence of airway inflammation and characteristic of rsv bronchiolitis, we an ... | 2011 | 21681019 |
| attenuated interleukin-8/leukocyte immunoresponse in preterm infants compared with term infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a pilot study. | decreased transplacental transfer of antibodies and altered immunoresponsiveness may place preterm (pt) infants at higher risk for serious consequences from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. we hypothesize that among infants hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis, immune response in pt infants may be different when compared with that of term infants. nasal-wash samples were collected from 11 pt (<37 weeks of gestation) and 13 term infants (ôëñ37 weeks of gestation) hospitalized with ... | 2011 | 21683109 |
| antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children. | bronchiolitis is a serious, potentially life-threatening respiratory illness commonly affecting babies. it is often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). antibiotics are not recommended for bronchiolitis unless there is concern about complications such as secondary bacterial pneumonia or respiratory failure. nevertheless, they are used at rates of 34% to 99% in uncomplicated cases. | 2011 | 21678346 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with congenital heart disease: global data and interim results of korean rsv-chd survey. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a main cause of hospitalization for bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants worldwide. children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (hs-chd), as well as premature infants are at high risk for severe rsv diseases. mortality rates for chd patients hospitalized with rsv have been reported as about 24 times higher compared with those without rsv infection. recently with advances in intensive care, mortality rates in chd patients combined with ... | 2011 | 21829409 |
| confirmation of an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vdr gene with respiratory syncytial virus related disease in south african children. | respiratory syncytial virus is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. disease severity has been linked to host immune responses and polymorphisms in genes associated with innate immunity. a large-scale genetics study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in children in the netherlands identified snps in the vitamin d receptor (vdr) and jun genes which have a strong association with an increased risk of developing bronchiolitis following the first respiratory syncyti ... | 2011 | 21837802 |
| a multi-tiered time-series modelling approach to forecasting respiratory syncytial virus incidence at the local level. | summaryrespiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of documented viral respiratory infections, and the leading cause of hospitalization, in young children. we performed a retrospective time-series analysis of all patients aged <18 years with laboratory-confirmed rsv within a network of multiple affiliated academic medical institutions. forecasting models of weekly rsv incidence for the local community, inpatient paediatric hospital and paediatric intensive-care unit (picu) were cr ... | 2011 | 21676348 |
| il-17-induced pulmonary pathogenesis during respiratory viral infection and exacerbation of allergic disease. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are characterized by airway epithelial cell damage, mucus hypersecretion, and th2 cytokine production. less is known about the role of il-17. we observed increased il-6 and il-17 levels in tracheal aspirate samples from severely ill infants with rsv infection. in a mouse model of rsv infection, time-dependent increases in pulmonary il-6, il-23, and il-17 expression were observed. neutralization of il-17 during infection and observations from il ... | 2011 | 21703407 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among infants and young children in the united states, 1997-2006. | background:: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease among young children in the united states. rsv-associated hospitalization increased among children in the united states during 1980 through 1996. in this study, we updated national estimates of rsv hospitalization rates among us children through 2006. methods:: we conducted a retrospective analysis of hospital discharges for lower respiratory tract illness (lrti) in children <5 years old fr ... | 2011 | 21817948 |
| type-iii interferon, not type-i, is the predominant interferon induced by respiratory viruses in nasal epithelial cells. | as an innate immune response against diverse viral infections, a host induces two types of interferon (ifn), type-i (ifn-+¦/+¦) and type-iii (ifn-++). we investigated ifn inductions by respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), measles virus and mumps virus in human nasal epithelial cells (necs). ifn-++, but not ifn-+¦/+¦, was induced by respiratory virus infection in primary necs and immortalized necs through transfection with the human telomerase reverse transcriptase ge ... | 2011 | 21816185 |
| systemic signature of the lung response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus is a frequent cause of severe bronchiolitis in children. to improve our understanding of systemic host responses to rsv, we compared balb/c mouse gene expression responses at day 1, 2, and 5 during primary rsv infection in lung, bronchial lymph nodes, and blood. we identified a set of 53 interferon-associated and innate immunity genes that give correlated responses in all three murine tissues. additionally, we identified blood gene signatures that are indicative of ac ... | 2011 | 21731757 |
| paediatric intensive care admissions for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in france: results of a retrospective survey and evaluation of the validity of a medical information system programme. | summarythe purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients with bronchiolitis admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (picu), and to evaluate a national registry of hospitalizations (programme de m+®dicalisation des syst+¿mes d'information; pmsi) as a potential source of epidemiological data. of the 49 french picus invited to take part in a retrospective survey of children aged <2 years who were hospitalized during the 2005-2006 epidemic season, 24 agreed to participat ... | 2011 | 21733254 |
| identification of nucleolin as a cellular receptor for human respiratory syncytial virus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes a large burden of disease worldwide. there is no effective vaccine or therapy, and the use of passive immunoprophylaxis with rsv-specific antibodies is limited to high-risk patients. the cellular receptor (or receptors) required for viral entry and replication has yet to be described; its identification will improve understanding of the pathogenesis of infection and provide a target for the development of novel antiviral interventions. here we show ... | 2011 | 21841784 |
| tak1 regulates nf-+üb and ap-1 activation in airway epithelial cells following rsv infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of epidemic respiratory diseases in infants and young children. rsv infection of airway epithelial cells induces the expression of immune/inflammatory genes through the activation of a subset of transcription factors, including nuclear factor-+¦b (nf-+¦b) and ap-1. in this study, we have investigated the signaling pathway leading to activation of these two transcription factors in response to rsv infection. our results show that ikk+¦ pl ... | 2011 | 21835421 |
| lack of an exaggerated inflammatory response upon virus infection in cystic fibrosis. | respiratory virus infections play an important role in cystic fibrosis (cf) exacerbations, but underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. we aimed at assessing whether an exaggerated inflammatory response of the airway epithelium upon virus infection could explain the increased susceptibility of cf patients towards respiratory viruses. we used primary bronchial and nasal epithelial cells obtained from healthy control subjects (n=24) and cf patients (n=18). il-6, il-8/cxcl8, ... | 2011 | 21719483 |
| contribution of common and recently described respiratory viruses to annual hospitalizations in children in south africa. | the contribution of viruses to lower respiratory tract disease in sub-saharan africa where human immunodeficiency virus may exacerbate respiratory infections is not well defined. no data exist on some of these viruses for southern africa. comprehensive molecular screening may define the role of these viruses as single and co-infections in a population with a high hiv-aids burden. to address this, children less than 5 years of age with respiratory infections from 3 public sector hospitals, pretor ... | 2011 | 21678450 |
| decreased innate immune cytokine responses correlate with disease severity in children with respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus bronchiolitis. | the immunopathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human rhinovirus lower respiratory tract infections in children remains to be defined. we measured nasal wash concentrations of 29 cytokines in infants with rsv or human rhinovirus lower respiratory tract infections. concentrations of interferon-+¦ in rsv and innate immunity cytokines in both infections inversely correlated with disease severity. | 2011 | 21829141 |
| real-world comparison of two molecular methods for detection of respiratory viruses. | abstract: | 2011 | 21714915 |
| effect of ozone on susceptibility to respiratory viral infection and virus-induced cytokine secretion. | airway epithelium is the primary target tissue for respiratory viruses as well as an important target of ozone (o(3)) toxicity. a change in the severity of viral airway infection may result from changes in epithelial cell susceptibility to infection, metabolic interference with viral replication, or altered production of immune regulatory molecules by the infected cells as a result of exposure to o(3). in this study we have investigated whether o(3) exposure alters the susceptibility of human ai ... | 1998 | 21781902 |
| characterization of human metapneumovirus from pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections in a 4-year period in beijing, china. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was discovered by scientists in the netherlands as a novel respiratory virus in 2001 and had been found in children with acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in china. the objective of this study was to determine the importance of hmpv infection in children in beijing and the genotypes of the circulating virus by the surveillance during a four-consecutive-year period. | 2011 | 21740766 |
| respiratory syncytial virus binds and undergoes transcription in neutrophils from the blood and airways of infants with severe bronchiolitis. | neutrophils are the predominant cell in the lung inflammatory infiltrate of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. although it has previously been shown that neutrophils from both blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) are activated, little is understood about their role in response to rsv infection. this study investigated whether rsv proteins and mrna are present in neutrophils from blood and bal of infected infants. | 2011 | 21742845 |
| p2 of Rice stripe virus (RSV) interacts with OsSGS3 and is a silencing suppressor. | A rice cDNA library was screened by a galactosidase 4 (Gal4)-based yeast two-hybrid system with Rice stripe virus (RSV) p2 as bait. The results revealed that RSV p2 interacted with a rice protein exhibiting a high degree of identity with Arabidopsis thaliana suppressor of gene silencing 3 (AtSGS3). The interaction was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. SGS3 has been shown to be involved in sense transgene-induced RNA silencing and in the biogenesis of trans-acting small ... | 2011 | 21726383 |
| Preschool asthma after bronchiolitis in infancy. | Asthma risk is lower after wheezing associated with RSV than with non-RSV infection in infancy. RSV is the main wheezing-associated virus in infants aged <6 months. We evaluated the outcome of children hospitalised for bronchiolitis at <6 months of age, with special focus on viral etiology and early risk factors. Out of 205 infants hospitalised for bronchiolitis at <6 months of age, 127 (62%) attended the control visit at age (mean) 6.5 years, and the parents of additional 39 children were inter ... | 2011 | 21700604 |
| effects of decabrominated diphenyl ether (dbde) on developmental immunotoxicity in offspring mice. | decabrominated diphenyl ether (dbde), a representative brominated flame retardant ubiquitous in the environment, is suspected of being hazardous to humans. we evaluated the developmental immunotoxicity of dbde by an assay system using respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in offspring mice. pregnant mice were continuously exposed to dbde (10, 100, 1000, or 10,000ppm) in the diet from gestation day 10 to weaning on postnatal day 21. offspring mice born to these dams were intranasally infect ... | 2008 | 21791381 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prevention in children with congenital heart disease: who and how? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory infection in children. most of the pediatric population have rsv infection before the age of 2, and recurrent infections are common even within one season. chronic lung disease, prematurity, along with congenital heart disease (chd) are major risk factors in severe lower respiratory infection. in hemo-dynamically significant chd patients with rsv infection, hospitalization is usually needed and the possibility of treatment in inte ... | 2011 | 21829410 |
| RSV 2010: Recent advances in research on respiratory syncytial virus and other pneumoviruses. | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are important causes of acute respiratory tract disease in infants, immunocompromised patients and the elderly. The Seventh International RSV symposium was held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, from December 2-5, 2010. This symposium is the flagship event for leading investigators engaged in RSV and HMPV research around the world. The objective of the symposium was to provide a forum to review recent advances in research on RSV, HM ... | 2011 | 21827813 |
| comparative dynamics, morbidity and mortality burden of pediatric viral respiratory infections in an equatorial city. | : although acute respiratory infections (aris) are the global leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality, the relative impact of viral pathogens on pediatric aris is still poorly understood, especially in equatorial settings. long-term studies of multiple viruses concurrently circulating in these regions are still lacking. here, we report the results of a systematic prospective surveillance of multiple respiratory viruses conducted every weekday for nearly a decade in an equatorial city ... | 2011 | 22001966 |
| rna viruses in young nepalese children hospitalized with severe pneumonia. | pneumonia is among the leading causes of illness and death in children <5 years of age worldwide. there is little information on the viral etiology of severe pneumonia in low-income countries, where the disease burden is particularly high. | 2011 | 21860338 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients with primary immunodeficiencies]. | to understand the clinical characteristics and outcome associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) recipients with primary immunodeficiencies (pids). | 2011 | 22088176 |
| Infection with multiple viruses is not associated with increased disease severity in children with bronchiolitis. | BACKGROUND: The clinical relevance of parallel detection of multiple viruses by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains unclear. This study evaluated the association between the detection of multiple viruses by RT-PCR and disease severity in children with bronchiolitis. METHODS: Children less than 2 years of age with clinical symptoms of bronchiolitis were prospectively included during three winter seasons. Patients were categorized in three groups based on disease severity; mild (n ... | 2011 | 21901859 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus--the unrecognised cause of health and economic burden among young children in Australia. | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) presents very similar to influenza and is the principle cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children worldwide. Yet, there is no systematic monitoring of RSV activity in Australia. This study uses existing published data sources to estimate incidence, hospitalisation rates, and associated costs of RSV among young children in Australia. Published reports from the Laboratory Virology and Serology Reporting Scheme, a passive voluntary surveillance system, a ... | 2011 | 22010512 |
| Viruslike particle vaccine induces protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and viral death in infants. Despite decades of research with traditional or subunit vaccine approaches, there are no approved RSV vaccines. New approaches are therefore urgently needed to develop effective RSV vaccines. | 2011 | 21881112 |
| potent anti-respiratory syncytial virus activity of a cholestanol-sulfated tetrasaccharide conjugate. | a number of different viruses including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) initiate infection of cells by binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans and sulfated oligo- and polysaccharide mimetics of these receptors exhibit potent antiviral activity in cultured cells. we investigated whether the introduction of different lipophilic groups to the reducing end of sulfated oligosaccharides would modulate their anti-rsv activity. our results demonstrate that the cholestanol-conjugated tetrasaccharide ... | 2012 | 22101246 |
| clinical and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus associated hospitalization in urban thai infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza infections are among the leading cause of hospitalized lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in children especially among those younger than 1 year of age. few descriptions of these 2 important viruses in thai children less than 1 year of age have been published. | 2011 | 22043771 |
| Human bocavirus and other respiratory viral infections in a 2-year cohort of hospitalized children. | Human bocavirus (HBoV) infection is reported worldwide and may cause severe respiratory tract infections. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of HBoV, and other respiratory viral pathogens, in a 2-year retrospective study of children admitted to hospital, and to investigate whether viral loads of HBoV DNA were associated with severity of infection. Between April 2007 and March 2009, 891 respiratory samples from 760 children admitted to hospital with acute respiratory tract ... | 2012 | 22028039 |
| respiratory hospitalizations and respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in special populations. | palivizumab utilization, compliance, and outcomes were examined in infants with preexisting medical diseases within the canadian registry database (caress) to aid in developing guidelines for potential "at-risk" infants in the future. infants who received ≥1 dose of palivizumab during the 2006-2010 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) seasons at 29 sites were recruited and utilization, compliance, and outcomes related to respiratory infection/illness (ri) events were collected monthly. hazard ratio ... | 2011 | 22203430 |
| Krüppel-like factor 6 regulates transforming growth factor-ß gene expression during human respiratory syncytial virus infection. | Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is associated with airway remodeling and subsequent asthma development. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF) plays a crucial role in asthma development. The mechanism regulating TGF gene expression during RSV infection is not known. Kruppel-like factor family of transcription factors are critical regulators of cellular/tissue homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) could function as a trans-activator of TGF gen ... | 2011 | 21849067 |
| renal transplant with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (boop) attributable to tacrolimus and herpes simplex virus (hsv) pneumonia. | background: solid organ transplants (sots) may be complicated by a wide variety of infectious and noninfectious pulmonary disorders. transplant patients receive immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection, but these drugs also predispose them to infection. because immunosuppressive therapy impairs t-lymphocyte function, ie, cell-mediated immunity, such therapy, not surprisingly, predisposes patients to intracellular pulmonary pathogens. community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in patients with sot us ... | 2011 | 21996615 |
| a simplified immune suppression scheme leads to persistent micro-dystrophin expression in duchenne muscular dystrophy dogs. | abstract highly abbreviated micro-dystrophin genes have been intensively studied for duchenne muscular dystrophy (dmd) gene therapy. following adeno-associated virus (aav) gene transfer, robust microgene expression is achieved in murine dmd models in the absence of immune suppression. interestingly, a recent study suggests that aav gene transfer in dystrophic dogs may require up to 18 weeks' immune suppression using a combination of three different immune-suppressive drugs (cyclosporine, mycop ... | 2011 | 21967249 |
| rela ser276 phosphorylation-coupled lys310 acetylation controls transcriptional elongation of inflammatory cytokines in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a negative-sense single-stranded rna virus responsible for lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in humans. in experimental models of rsv lrti, the actions of the nuclear factor κb (nf-κb) transcription factor mediate inflammation and pathology. we have shown that rsv replication induces a mitogen-and-stress-related kinase 1 (msk-1) pathway that activates nf-κb rela transcriptional activity by a process involving serine phosphorylation at serine (ser) re ... | 2011 | 21900162 |
| exploratory spatial analysis of in vitro respiratory syncytial virus co-infections. | the cell response to virus infection and virus perturbation of that response is dynamic and is reflected by changes in cell susceptibility to infection. in this study, we evaluated the response of human epithelial cells to sequential infections with human respiratory syncytial virus strains a2 and b to determine if a primary infection with one strain will impact the ability of cells to be infected with the second as a function of virus strain and time elapsed between the two exposures. infected ... | 2010 | 21994640 |
| equal virulence of rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in infants hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rhinovirus (rv) are predominant viruses associated with lower respiratory tract infection in infants. we compared the symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection caused by rsv and rv in hospitalized infants. rv showed the same symptoms as rsv, so on clinical grounds, no difference can be made between these pathogens. no relation between polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold value and length of hospital stay was found. | 2011 | 21909047 |
| Virological and clinical characterization of respiratory infections in children attending an emergency department during the first autumn-winter circulation of pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus. | Clin Microbiol Infect ABSTRACT: To characterize respiratory virus infections during the first autumn-winter season of pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus (A/H1N1/2009) circulation, a prospective study in children attending a paediatric emergency department at the Sapienza University hospital, Rome, was conducted from November 2009 to March 2010. By means of both nasal washings and pharyngeal swabs, enrolled children were checked for 14 respiratory viruses. The majority of acute respiratory in ... | 2011 | 21923780 |
| infections caused by rsv among children and adults during two epidemic seasons. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most common causes of lower respiratory tract infections in young children, immunocompromised patients (children and adults), patients with chronic respiratory diseases and elderly people. reinfections occur throughout the life, but the severity of disease decreased with subsequent infection. the aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of rsv infections in two selected subpopulations: young children (below 5 y.) and adults with chronic respi ... | 2011 | 22184933 |
| flavone c-glycosides from the leaves of lophatherum gracile and their in vitro antiviral activity. | four new flavone c-glycosides, luteolin 6- c- α-l-arabinopyranosyl-7- o- β-d-glucopyranoside ( 1), apigenin 6- c- β-d-galactopyranosiduronic acid (1 → 2)- α-l-arabinopyranoside ( 2), luteolin 6- c- β-d-galactopyranosiduronic acid (1 → 2)- α-l-arabinopyranoside ( 3), and luteolin 6- c- β-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid (1 → 2)- α-l-arabinofuranoside ( 4), along with three known ones, were isolated from the leaves of lophatherum gracile. the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensi ... | 2011 | 21870321 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on plasmacytoid dendritic cell regulation of allergic airway inflammation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can infect myeloid dendritic cells (mdcs) and regulate their function in the development of allergy. it has been widely reported that plasmacytoid dcs (pdcs) play a critical role in antiviral innate immunity. in contrast, not much is known about the role of pdcs in the interaction between allergy and viral infection. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of rsv infection on pdc function in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation i ... | 2012 | 21894025 |
| Respiratory viral infections in hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients. | Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are common causes of mild illness in immunocompetent children and adults with rare occurrences of significant morbidity or mortality. Complications are more common in the very young, very old, and those with underlying lung diseases. However, RVIs are increasingly recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) and solid organ transplants (SOTs). Diagnostic techniques for respiratory syncytial virus ... | 2011 | 21858751 |
| a crystal structure of the catalytic core domain of an avian sarcoma and leukemia virus integrase suggests an alternate dimeric assembly. | integrase (in) is an important therapeutic target in the search for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) inhibitors. this enzyme is composed of three domains and is hard to crystallize in its full form. first structural results on in were obtained on the catalytic core domain (ccd) of the avian rous and sarcoma virus strain schmidt-ruppin a (rsv-a) and on the ccd of hiv-1 in. a ribonuclease-h like motif was revealed as well as a dimeric interface stabilized by two pairs of α-helices (α1/α5, α ... | 2011 | 21857987 |
| seasonal variations of 15 respiratory agents illustrated by the application of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. | abstract background: nucleic acid amplification tests are increasingly being used to diagnose viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections. the high sensitivity of these tests affects our understanding of the epidemiology of respiratory tract infections. we have assessed the detection rate of a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test, with emphasis on epidemiology and seasonal distribution of the most common respiratory tract infections. methods: seven thousand eight hundr ... | 2012 | 21867470 |
| Respiratory viruses in children with cystic fibrosis: viral detection and clinical findings. | Please cite this paper as: Burns et al. (2011) Respiratory viruses in children with cystic fibrosis: viral detection and clinical findings. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00292.x. Background Viral detection from different respiratory sample types in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is facilitated by available molecular methods, but optimum sampling strategies have not been identified. In addition, associations between viral detection and respiratory symp ... | 2011 | 21955319 |
| protein kinase r is a novel mediator of cd40 signaling and plays a critical role in modulating immunoglobulin expression during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | effective immunoglobulin responses play a vital role in protection against most pathogens. however, the molecular mediators and mechanisms responsible for signaling and selective expression of immunoglobulin types remain to be elucidated. previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that protein kinase r (pkr) plays a crucial role in ige responses to double-stranded rna (dsrna) in vitro. in this study, we show that pkr plays a critical role in igg expression both in vivo and in vitro. pk ... | 2011 | 21994357 |
| respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization trends in infants with chronic lung disease of infancy, 1998-2008. | infants with chronic lung disease of infancy (cldi) are at high risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) illness requiring hospitalization. palivizumab was first licensed in 1998 for the prevention of rsv disease in high-risk infants, including those with cldi. we performed a retrospective cohort study of all hospitalized children with cldi aged <2 years between 1998 and 2008 in the usa to determine trends in rates of hospitalizations due to rsv (rsvh) since the launch of palivizumab. | 2011 | 22003308 |
| Non-invasive sample collection for respiratory virus testing by multiplex PCR. | Identifying respiratory pathogens within populations is difficult because invasive sample collection, such as with nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA), is generally required. PCR technology could allow for non-invasive sampling methods. | 2011 | 21855405 |
| Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts are required for release of infectious human respiratory syncytial virus particles. | Cholesterol and sphingolipid enriched lipid raft micro-domains in the plasma membrane play an important role in the life-cycle of numerous enveloped viruses. Although human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) proteins associate with the raft domains of infected cells and rafts are incorporated in RSV virion particles, the functional role of raft during RSV infection was unknown. In the current study we have identified rafts as an essential component of host cell that is required for RSV infection. ... | 2012 | 22088217 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in a hospitalized adult with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) mimicking influenza a and pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia (pcp). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised hosts, but rsv is a rare cause of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in hospitalized adults with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in patients with hiv, cap is most frequently attributable to the usual bacterial respiratory pathogens that cause cap in immunocompetent hosts, eg, streptococcuspneumoniae or hemophilus influenzae. adults with hiv are a ... | 2012 | 22005289 |
| th17 cytokines are critical for respiratory syncytial virus-associated airway hyperreponsiveness through regulation by complement c3a and tachykinins. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with serious lung disease in infants and immunocompromised individuals and is linked to development of asthma. in mice, acute rsv infection causes airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr), inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion. infected cells induce complement activation, producing the anaphylatoxin c3a. in this paper, we show rsv-infected wild-type mice produce th17 cytokines, a response not previously associated with viral infections. mice def ... | 2011 | 21918196 |
| clinical and radiological features of respiratory syncytial virus in solid organ transplant recipients: a single-center experience. | background: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections range from upper respiratory illness to severe lower respiratory disease. there is no universally accepted treatment for rsv in solid organ transplant (sot) recipients. methods: retrospective review of adult sot patients with rsv infections, between january 2007 and december 2009, in a single transplant center was performed. results: during the 3-year period, a total of 24 adults developed rsv infection, including 12 (50%) sot recipients ( ... | 2011 | 22093238 |
| simultaneous mutations in multi-viral proteins are required for soybean mosaic virus to gain virulence on soybean genotypes carrying different r genes. | genetic resistance is the most effective and sustainable approach to the control of plant pathogens that are a major constraint to agriculture worldwide. in soybean, three dominant r genes, i.e., rsv1, rsv3 and rsv4, have been identified and deployed against soybean mosaic virus (smv) with strain-specificities. molecular identification of virulent determinants of smv on these resistance genes will provide essential information for the proper utilization of these resistance genes to protect soybe ... | 2011 | 22140577 |
| Effectiveness of palivizumab prophylaxis in infants and children in Florida. | PURPOSE: Palivizumab effectiveness data on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are limited to trial settings and vary considerably between selected high-risk populations. This study aimed to evaluate effectiveness in a community-based sample. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of children with =3?months Florida Medicaid fee-for-service eligibility between 1998 and 2004 who also had matching birth certificates. Children entered the cohort at the beginning of the RSV season, after a min ... | 2011 | 21919115 |
| evaluation of protective efficacy of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine against a and b subgroup human isolates in korea. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a significant cause of upper and lower respiratory tract illness mainly in infants and young children worldwide. hrsv is divided into two subgroups, hrsv-a and hrsv-b, based on sequence variation within the g gene. despite its importance as a respiratory pathogen, there is currently no safe and effective vaccine for hrsv. in this study, we have detected and identified the hrsv by rt-pcr from nasopharyngeal aspirates of korean pediatric patients. intere ... | 2011 | 21915262 |
| distinguishing characteristics between pandemic 2009-2010 influenza a (h1n1) and other viruses in patients hospitalized with respiratory illness. | differences in clinical presentation and outcomes among patients infected with pandemic 2009 influenza a h1n1 (ph1n1) compared to other respiratory viruses have not been fully elucidated. | 2011 | 21949746 |
| [a guinea pig model of respiratory syncytial virus infection for cough and its neurogenic inflammatory mechanism]. | to establish a guinea pig model of acute and postinfectious cough caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and investigate the role of neurogenic inflammation in its pathogenesis. | 2011 | 21914323 |
| low neonatal toll-like receptor 4-mediated interleukin-10 production is associated with subsequent atopic dermatitis. | atopic dermatitis (ad) and respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (rsv lrti) are common diseases during early life. impaired th1-cell polarizing toll-like receptor (tlr) responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of both diseases. neonatal tlr-mediated production of th1-type cytokines is decreased at birth, but rapidly increases during the first month of life. | 2011 | 22092594 |
| respiratory syncytial virus load, viral dynamics, and disease severity in previously healthy naturally infected children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease severity was thought to be a result of host immunopathology but alternatively may be driven by high-level viral replication. the relationships between rsv load, viral clearance dynamics, and disease severity have not been carefully evaluated. | 2011 | 21881113 |
| in vitro inhibition of influenza virus infection by a crude extract from isatis indigotica root resulting in the prevention of viral attachment. | isatis indigotica root (iir) has been widely used as a chinese medicinal herb to treat regular seasonal influenza over the long history of traditional chinese medicinal practice. however, its inhibitory activities against influenza virus infections along with the associated mechanisms have not been investigated comprehensively. in this study, the chemical nature, mode of action and in vitro anti-influenza activities of a crude extract ( ... | 2011 | 22179315 |
| performance on a multipathogen external quality assessment (eqa) panel by different mono- and multiplex nucleic acid amplification tests. | an external quality assessment (eqa) panel consisting of a total of 48 samples in broncho alveolar lavage (bal) or transport medium was prepared in collaboration with quality control for molecular diagnostics (qcmd) (www.qcmd.org). the panel was used to assess the proficiency of the 3 laboratories that would be responsible to examine the 6000 samples to be collected in the grace network of excellence (www.grace-lrti.org). the main objective was to decide on the best performing testing approach f ... | 2011 | 22170925 |
| rna-dependent rna polymerase 6 of rice (oryza sativa) plays role in host defense against negative-strand rna virus, rice stripe virus. | rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrs) from fungi, plants and some invertebrate animals play fundamental roles in antiviral defense. here, we investigated the role of rdr6 in the defense of economically important rice plants against a negative-strand rna virus (rice stripe virus, rsv) that causes enormous crop damage. in three independent transgenic lines (osrdr6as line a, b and c) in which osrdr6 transcription levels were reduced by 70-80% through antisense silencing, the infection and disease sy ... | 2011 | 22142475 |
| five proteins of laodelphax striatellus are potentially involved in the interactions between rice stripe virus and vector. | rice stripe virus (rsv) is the type member of the genus tenuivirus, which relies on the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fallén) for its transmission in a persistent, circulative-propagative manner. to be transmitted, virus must cross the midgut and salivary glands epithelial barriers in a transcytosis mechanism where vector receptors interact with virions, and as propagative virus, rsv need utilize host components to complete viral propagation in vector cells. at present, these m ... | 2011 | 22028913 |
| airway ifn-γ production during rsv bronchiolitis is associated with eosinophilic inflammation. | study objective: this study was designed to investigate the possible role of ifn-γ in eosinophil degranulation that occurs during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. methods: sixty-seven infants, 2-24 months old and hospitalized with their first episode of acute rsv bronchiolitis, were selected for this study. eosinophil-active cytokine and chemokine profiles in nasal lavage supernatants taken within ... | 2011 | 22160185 |
| progress in understanding and controlling respiratory syncytial virus: still crazy after all these years. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a ubiquitous pathogen that infects everyone worldwide early in life and is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in the pediatric population as well as in the elderly and in profoundly immunosuppressed individuals. rsv is an enveloped, nonsegmented negative-sense rna virus that is classified in family paramyxoviridae and is one of its more complex members. although the replicative cycle of rsv follows the general pattern of the param ... | 2011 | 21963675 |
| use of data linkage to investigate the aetiology of acute lower respiratory infection hospitalisations in children. | aim: to document the aetiology of acute lower respiratory infection (alri) hospitalisations in western australian children by linking population-based laboratory data with hospital morbidity data. methods: data from all alri hospitalisations and laboratory records related to respiratory pathogens between 2000 and 2005 were extracted and linked through a population-based record linkage system. the proportion of specimens that were positive for each respiratory viral or bacterial pathogen was do ... | 2011 | 22077532 |
| repetitive prime-and-realign mechanism converts short capped rna leaders into longer ones that may be more suitable for elongation during rice stripe virus transcription initiation. | cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) rnas were found to serve as cap donors for rice stripe virus (rsv) transcription initiation during their co-infection of nicotiana benthamiana. the 5' end of cmv rnas was cleaved preferentially at residues that had multiple-base complementarity to the 3' end of the rsv template. the length requirement for cmv capped primers to be suitable for elongation varied between 12 and 20 nt, and those of 12-16 nt were optimal for elongation and generated more cmv-rsv chimeric m ... | 2012 | 21918010 |
| isolation of influenza viruses in mdck 33016pf cells and clearance of contaminating respiratory viruses. | this paper summarizes results obtained by multiplex pcr screening of human clinical samples for respiratory viruses and corresponding data obtained after passaging of virus-positive samples in mdck 33016pf cells. using the resplexii v2.0 (qiagen) multiplex pcr, 393 positive results were obtained in 468 clinical samples collected during an influenza season in germany. the overall distribution of positive results was influenza a 42.0%, influenza b 38.7%, adenovirus 1.5%, bocavirus 0.5%, coronaviru ... | 2012 | 22119922 |