| congenital myotonic dystrophy: report of paternal transmission. | a female neonate born to a healthy mother was hospitalized because of enlargement of the lateral ventricles, muscle weakness, irregular respiration, and poor sucking. characteristic facial appearance such as high forehead and carp mouth were noted. the father had mild manifestations of adult type myotonic dystrophy, including muscle weakness of the extremities, percussion myotonia and atrophy of the facial muscles. pcr analysis and southern blot analysis revealed that ctg repeats in the myotonic ... | 2000 | 10722967 |
| caffeine-sensitive ca2+ stores in carp retinal bipolar cells. | high k+- or caffeine-induced ca2+ signal was studied in freshly dissociated carp retinal on-type bipolar cells using a confocal laser-scanning microscope. in response to 35 mm k+ exposure, a rise in [ca2+]i appeared in both the terminal and soma, but was absent after removal of external ca2+ or in the presence of 100 microm nifedipine. it is indicated that, for high k+-induced increase of [ca2+]i, ca2+ influx through voltage-gated l-type ca2+ channels is essential and ca2+ entry through reversed ... | 1999 | 10716230 |
| determination of heterogeneous transcription start points of two c-myc genes from the common carp (cyprinus carpio). | we determined the heterogeneous transcription start points (tsp) of two c-myc genes from the common carp (cyprinus carpio), tetraploid teleost, by the oligo-capping method and showed the existence of the first exon. this is the first report on the existence of the first exons of the fish c-myc gene. transcription of the two carp c-myc genes started from at least four sites in cam1, locating from -752 to -381bp upstream of the translation start site, and from 12 sites in cam2, locating from -586 ... | 2000 | 10713443 |
| light-adaptive effects of retinoic acid on receptive field properties of retinal horizontal cells. | besides its role in ocular development, retinoic acid (ra), which is a light-correlated byproduct of the phototransduction cycle, was recently shown to affect light-driven synaptic plasticity in the outer plexiform layer of the adult fish retina. tuning by ambient light conditions of the retinal network properties is very prominent in outer plexiform layer circuits, and we therefore examined whether ra could affect cone horizontal cell physiology similar to ambient light. performing intracellula ... | 2000 | 10712624 |
| stimulus pattern related plasticity of synapses between cones and horizontal cells in carp retina. | stimulus pattern related synaptic plasticity in the luminosity-type horizontal cell (lhc) of isolated carp retina was investigated. the major findings were: (1) repetitive red flashes progressively strengthened the synaptic connection between red-cone and lhc, whereas weakened that between green-cone and lhc; (2) repetitive green flashes remarkably depressed the lhc's red response, but caused little changes in the cell's green response. a competitive depression between different cone signals is ... | 2000 | 10700586 |
| molecular cloning, tissue distribution and sequence analysis of complete glucokinase cdnas from gilthead seabream (sparus aurata), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). | the enzyme glucokinase (gk) (ec 2.7.1.1) plays an important role in the control of glucose homeostasis. qualitative and/or quantitative variations in gk enzyme have been postulated by previous studies to explain why dietary carbohydrate utilisation is lower in gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) than in common carp (cyprinus carpio). in this study, we report the isolation and characterisation of a full-length cdna coding for gk in these teleosts. amino acid ... | 2000 | 10699491 |
| uptake of 137cs by fresh water fish. | the uptake and discharge rates of 137cs by fresh water fish at different radionuclide concentrations have been studied. a dual compartment model was used to fit the experimental data. the discharge rates have been found to be negligible for the duration of the experiment of 10 d. the uptake rates were independent of radionuclide concentrations for a particular type of fresh water fish and were different for different types of fish. the uptake rates of carp, tilapia and snakehead were 1.58, 1.66 ... | 2000 | 10697734 |
| structure-function relationships of the two surface loops of myosin heavy chain isoforms from thermally acclimated carp. | the structure-function relationships of fast skeletal myosin isoforms remain poorly understood. to shed some light, we constructed chimeric myosins comprised of dictyostelium myosin heavy chain backbone with carp loop sequences and analyzed their functional properties. a loop 2-10 chimeric myosin having the loop 2 sequence of the fast skeletal isoform predominantly expressed in carp acclimated to 10 degrees c showed v(max) in actin-activated mg(2+)-atpase activity 1.4-fold higher than a loop 2-3 ... | 2000 | 10694506 |
| assignment of overlapping (1)h nmr signals in carp seminal plasma by proton-detected 2d c,h correlation spectroscopy. | the (1)h nmr spectrum of the perchloric acid extract of carp seminal plasma was heavily congested. it is demonstrated that proton-detected c,h chemical shift correlation spectroscopy (hsqc, hsqc-tocsy) allows an unequivocal identification of proline, glutamate, taurine, and methionine sulfoxide, although several key proton signals were strongly overlapped. | 2000 | 10694480 |
| membrane hyperpolarization removes inactivation of ca2+ channels, leading to ca2+ influx and subsequent initiation of sperm motility in the common carp. | change of osmolality surrounding spawned sperm from isotonic to hypotonic causes the initiation of sperm motility in the common carp. here we show that membrane-permeable camp does not initiate motility of carp sperm that is quiescent in isotonic solution, and that motility of the demembranated sperm can be reactivated without camp. furthermore, the camp level does not change during the initiation of sperm motility, and inhibitors of protein kinase do not affect sperm motility, suggesting that n ... | 2000 | 10688893 |
| concentration effects of selected insecticides on brain acetylcholinesterase in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the differential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (ache) by organophosphate (op) and carbamate (c) is followed by the distinct duration of exposure effect on common carp ache. hence, in the present study in vivo exposure period effect and in vitro concentration-response of chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos diazinon, and carbofuran were investigated on cyprinus carpio l. ache. individuals of 1-year-old carp were exposed for 96 h to different concentrations of insecticides, after which ache activity ... | 2000 | 10677267 |
| the energy metabolism of common carp (cyprinus carpio) when exposed to salt stress: an increase in energy expenditure or effects of starvation? | stenohaline common carp (cyprinus carpio) were chronically exposed to the two main osmoregulatory ions, na+ and cl-, at levels close to their isoosmotic value for 28 d (171 mm nacl; 324 mosm kg-1; 10 per thousand). the aim of this study was to assess whether or not the disturbed ion and osmoregulation affected the energy demand and the energy stores of the exposed fish. salt exposure reduced food intake by 70% and had adverse effects on growth and survival. although food consumption decreased an ... | 2006 | 10685912 |
| sulphaemoglobin formation in fish: a comparison between the haemoglobin of the sulphide-sensitive rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and of the sulphide-tolerant common carp (cyprinus carpio). | a method for the quantitative determination of sulphaemoglobin (shb) in a mixture of haemoglobin derivatives by spectral deconvolution is described. shb formation was studied in haemolysates and in red blood cells of the sulphide-sensitive rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and of the sulphide-tolerant common carp (cyprinus carpio). addition of sulphide caused the formation of shb in haemolysates of both animals. however, haemoglobin from common carp was much less sensitive to sulphide than was ... | 2000 | 10683164 |
| context-dependent effects of bluegill in experimental mesocosm communities. | most knowledge of direct and indirect effects of zooplanktivorous fish has come from studies in which a treatment with a zooplanktivore is compared to a fishless control. however, effects of a zooplanktivore may be different in the presence of other fish species because the other fish have direct and indirect effects that may alter the effects of the zooplanktivore in question. to test this hypothesis, we conducted a tank mesocosm experiment of 2×2 factorial design in which the presence and abse ... | 2000 | 28308293 |
| isolation, cdna cloning, and growth promoting activity of rabbitfish (siganus guttatus) growth hormone. | we report the isolation, cdna cloning, and growth promoting activity of rabbitfish (siganus guttatus; teleostei; perciformes; siganidae) growth hormone (gh). rabbitfish gh was extracted from pituitary glands under alkaline conditions, fractionated by gel filtration chromatography on sephadex g-100, and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. the fractions containing gh were identified by immunoblotting with bonito gh antiserum. under nonreducing conditions, the molecular weight of ra ... | 2000 | 10642447 |
| effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 on steroidogenesis in cultured carp ovarian follicles: interactions with estradiol. | the biological action of insulin like growth factor-1 (igf-1) on follicular steroidogenesis during follicular development in common carp was examined. studies were carried out by culturing small (1-2 mm diam.) and large (> 2 mm diam.) follicles. igf-1 (0.3-100 ng/ml) had no effect on progesterone accumulation or aromatase activity during 48 hr culture of small follicles. progesterone accumulation by large follicles was also unaffected by igf-1 over the same period, although aromatase activity wa ... | 1999 | 10641132 |
| mortality of fish fry as a result of specific and aspecific cercarial invasion under experimental conditions. | although the effect exerted on fish by fluke cercariae developing in fish as intermediate hosts is fairly well known, cercariae of flukes requiring intermediate hosts other than fish occur in fish ponds in much higher numbers. to study the effect of these latter cercariae on fish fry, a few days old common carp fry (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to cohorts of xiphidiocercariae or echinocercariae shed by one or two snails acting as intermediate hosts. the observed pathogenicity of these cercariae ... | 1999 | 10641334 |
| thermal thresholds of lipid restructuring and delta(9)-desaturase expression in the liver of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | cold acclimation induces a transient enzymatic activation of the acyl coa-(&dgr;)(9)-desaturase in carp liver. we have determined thresholds for two underlying mechanisms; namely, the activation of latent enzyme and the induced synthesis of new desaturase. carp were progressively cooled from 30 degrees c to 23, 17 and 10 degrees c, where they were held for up to 5 days. endoplasmic reticulum phospholipids showed substantial changes in fatty acid composition, with linear decreases in the proporti ... | 2000 | 10637192 |
| freshwater fish trypanosomes: definition of two types, host control by antibodies and lack of antigenic variation. | haemoflagellates of the genus trypanosoma are prevalent in freshwater fishes and are transmitted by leeches as vectors. as demonstrated by sequence comparisons of nuclear small subunit rrna genes, trypanosomes isolated from several fish species at different localities can be divided into at least 2 closely related types, designated type a and type b. a clone derived from a type a isolate from carp (cyprinus carpio) was used to study the anti-parasite immune response in specified pathogen-free ou ... | 1999 | 10633921 |
| the anti-estrogenicity of ah receptor agonists in carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatocytes. | cultured hepatocytes of female carp (cyprinus carpio) were coexposed for 4 days to 200 nm 17beta-estradiol (e2), and concentration ranges of nine known ah receptor (ahr) agonists: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd), 3,3'4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126), 2,3'4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 118), beta-naphthoflavone (bnf), benzo(a)pyrene (bap), benzo(a)anthracene (baa), diindolylmethane (dim), 6-methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran (mcdf) and hexachlorobenzene (hcb). tcdd caused a greater ... | 1999 | 10630570 |
| prevention by carp extract of myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity induced by 5-fluorouracil without loss of antitumor activity in mice. | the combined effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) and carp (cyprinus carpio l.) extract on antitumor activity, myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity were examined in sarcoma 180-bearing mice. carp extract was found to prevent the occurrence of myelotoxicity as determined by the reduction of leukocyte number, and of gastrointestinal toxicity, as determined by the reduction of small intestinal weight, induced by 5-fu without loss of the antitumor activity of 5-fu. | 1999 | 10624860 |
| effects of nitric oxide, light adaptation and apb on spectral characteristics of h1 horizontal cells in carp retina. | the spectral characteristics of cone-driven horizontal cells of h1 subtype (h1 hcs) receiving main synaptic input from red-sensitive cones were studied in light- and dark-adapted retinae of carp. the spectral sensitivity profile of h1 hcs in dark-adapted retinae was practically the same as the absorption spectrum of red-sensitive cones. light-adaptation decreased the sensitivity preferentially in the short-wavelength (blue/green) region, resulting in a relative enhancement of the 617 nm peak. ap ... | 1999 | 10617322 |
| development of a gill perfusion apparatus for studying the interaction of fish pathogens with gill tissue. | an isolated perfused gill preparation was developed for the study of the association of gill pathogens with the branchial tissue. the preparation consisted of an excised branchial arch from common carp (cyprinus carpio l., minimum weight 300g), perfused via the afferent branchial artery. filtered and heparinised cortland solution was used as the perfusion fluid and infused by means of a drip (3-litre bag). the average perfusion rate was 1.5ml/minute/arch/kg body weight. the outflowing perfusate ... | 2014 | 25406105 |
| changes in apoptotic rate and cell viability in three fish epidermis cultures after exposure to nonylphenol and to a wastewater sample containing low concentrations of nonylphenol. | three types of epidermal cultures of fish were used for toxicological investigations, a primary cell culture and a tissue culture prepared from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum and the cell line epc, derived from a skin tumour of the carp cyprinus carpio l. two studies were carried out to compare the different culture systems. in the first cultures were incubated with nonylphenol and in the second set of experiments the cell cultures were exposed to a wastewater sample containing lo ... | 2000 | 23889222 |
| changes in the odorants of boiled carp fillet (cyprinus carpio l.) as affected by increasing methionine levels in feed. | sixty common carp in groups of five in four tanks per treatment were given three diets containing different increasing amounts of methionine. the aroma extract dilution analysis (aeda) of the boiled carp fillets resulted in 32 odorants, of which 26 were identified. ten compounds were quantified using an internal standard (is), and the very low concentrations of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, (z)-1, 5-octadien-3-one, and methional were calculated by the nasally determined detection limit. the concentratio ... | 1999 | 10606586 |
| [reaction to purchase of infected koi carp]. | | 1999 | 10596402 |
| relationship between the structure of some humic compounds and their inhibitory effects on carp catalase. | | 1999 | 10594149 |
| the biomechanics of fast-starts during ontogeny in the common carp cyprinus carpio | common carp cyprinus carpio l. were reared a constant temperature of 20 degrees c from the larval (7 mm total length) to the juvenile (80 mm) stage. body morphology and white muscle mass distribution were measured. fast-start escape responses were recorded using high-speed cinematography from which the velocities, accelerations and hydrodynamic power requirements were estimated. all three measures of fast-start performance increased during development. white muscle contraction regimes were calcu ... | 1999 | 10539954 |
| in vivo bafilomycin-sensitive na(+) uptake in young freshwater fish | in vivo treatment with external bafilomycin a(1), a selective inhibitor of v-atpase h(+) pumps, reduced whole-body na(+) influx by up to 90 % in young tilapia and 70 % in young carp. the inhibition was rapidly reversible, with whole-body na(+) influx rebounding to 280 % of pre-treatment values within 20 min of removal from the bafilomycin. this rebound effect is consistent with the prior accumulation of protons during the period when the cells were exposed to bafilomycin. bafilomycin also inhibi ... | 1999 | 10574743 |
| zn2+ differentially modulates kinetics of gaba(c) vs gaba(a) receptors in carp retinal bipolar cells. | gaba(c) and gaba(a) receptors co-exist in retinal bipolar cells. in the present study the effects of zinc on the kinetics of currents mediated by gaba(c) and gaba(a) receptors were investigated in isolated carp bipolar cells, using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. we observed for the first time that zinc exerted opposite effects on kinetics of the gaba(c) and gaba(a) responses: zinc significantly slowed down activation and desensitization of the gaba(c) response, but accelerated those of the ga ... | 1999 | 10574375 |
| transcription factor pit-1 expression is modulated upon seasonal acclimatization of eurythermal ectotherms: identification of two pit-1 genes in the carp. | a second pit-1 gene in carp (cyprinus carpio), including the complete structural gene and 1.1 kb of promoter region, was identified and completely sequenced. the exon-intron structure was determined, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) experiments suggest that only one pit-1 splice variant is present in carp pituitary. the effect of seasonal acclimatization on the extent of pit-1 gene expression was studied in summer- and winter-acclimatized carp. quantitative rt-pcr ana ... | 1999 | 10572243 |
| effect of zinc on carp (cyprinus carpio l.) erythrocytes. | the effect of zinc exposure on some properties of the carp erythrocyte membrane was studied in vitro. red blood cells plasma membranes were separated from other cellular membranes using a combination of differential and density gradient centrifugation. the purity of obtained plasma membrane preparations was determined by measuring the activity of the marker enzymes. electrophoretic patterns of the main erythrocyte membrane proteins excluded their degradation during the isolation and purification ... | 1999 | 10530892 |
| uncoupling protein 2 from carp and zebrafish, ectothermic vertebrates. | uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) is of demonstrated importance in mammalian thermogenesis, and early hypotheses regarding the functions of the newly discovered ucp homologues, ucp2, ucp3 and others, have focused largely on their potential roles in thermogenesis. here we report the amino acid sequences of two new ucps from ectothermic vertebrates. ucps from two fish species, the zebrafish (danio rerio) and carp (cyprinus carpio), were identified in expressed sequence tag databases at the european mole ... | 1999 | 10524261 |
| assembly of a complete zebrafish mitochondrial 16s rrna gene from overlapping expressed sequence tags. | a complete zebrafish mitochondrial 16s ribosomal rna gene was assembled from our existing zebrafish est clones by aligning them with the carp mitochondria 16s rrna sequence. the overall homology between our assembled zebrafish mt 16s rrna and the carp mt 16s rrna is 83.5%. as the number of zebrafish ests grows, the assembly of more full-length cdna sequences from overlapping est data could be expected. | 1998 | 10520744 |
| cold-induced ependymin expression in zebrafish and carp brain: implications for cold acclimation. | cold acclimation has been suggested to be mediated by alternations in the gene expression pattern in the cold-adapted fish. to investigate the mechanism of cold acclimation in fish brain at the molecular level, relevant subsets of differentially expressed genes of interest were identified and cloned by the pcr-based subtraction suppression hybridization. characterization of the selected cold-induced cdna clones revealed one encoding ependymin. this gene was shown to be brain-specific. the expres ... | 1999 | 10508924 |
| impact of mixture of nickel and chromium on the protein content of flesh and liver of cyprinus carpio during spawning and post-spawning phases. | | 1999 | 10501728 |
| impact of moderate silver carp biomass gradient on zooplankton communities in a eutrophic reservoir. consequences for the use of silver carp in biomanipulation. | we examined the impacts of moderate gradient silver carp biomass (five levels from 0 to 36 g.m-3, i.e. about 0-792 kg.ha-1) on zooplankton communities of the eutrophic villerest reservoir (france). during our mesocosm experiment changes in zooplankton assemblages were dependent on silver carp biomass. in the fishless and low fish biomass treatments, zooplankton abundance increased through time, owing to a peak in cladoceran density, but decreased (mainly cladocerans) at highest fish biomass. cop ... | 1999 | 10488436 |
| tissue-specific changes in rna synthesis in vivo during anoxia in crucian carp. | the overall energy budget for protein synthesis (i.e., transcription plus translation) is thought to consist of fixed and variable components, with rna synthesis accounting for the former and protein synthesis the latter. during anoxia, the downregulation of protein synthesis (i.e., the variable component), to reduce energetic demand, is an important aspect of survival in crucian carp. the present study examines rna synthesis during anoxia by labeling with [(3)h]uridine. a novel synthesis rate c ... | 1999 | 10484485 |
| rodlet cells in the head and trunk kidney of the domestic carp (cyprinus carpio): enigmatic gland cells or coccidian parasites? | rodlet cells have been found in the head and trunk kidneys of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l). from an experimental sample of 50 carps of various ages, we detected these cells in only seven fishes, contradicting the hypothesis that they constitute a normal component of the fish epithelia. the rodlet cells have a typical structure: 12-16 microns in diameter, with a basal nucleus various in form, and an encasing layer of fibrillar structure. the cells contain rodlets, composed of elongated, op ... | 1999 | 10481827 |
| estrogenic potencies of several environmental pollutants, as determined by vitellogenin induction in a carp hepatocyte assay. | estrogenic potencies of several xenoestrogens were determined in vitro, using cultured hepatocytes from a genetically uniform male carp strain (cyprinus carpio). estrogenicity was measured as induction of the yolk protein precursor vitellogenin (vtg), and compared to vtg induction by 17beta-estradiol (e2). the order of estrogenic potency was: methoxychlor (mxcl) > o,p-ddt > chlordecone approximately/= bisphenol-a approximately/= 4-t-pentylphenol. estrogenic potencies of these compounds varied fr ... | 1999 | 10478856 |
| purification, characterization, and molecular cloning of an outer layer protein of carp fertilization envelope. | an outer layer protein of carp fertilization envelope (fe), feo-1, was purified from carp oocytes. the cdnas encoding feo-1 were cloned. the mature protein of feo-1 is 21 kda in molecular weight and contains 177 amino acid residues whose sequence has 58% identity to the outer layer protein of chick vitelline membrane. in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry show that feo-1 is expressed in oocytes and liver. in oocytes, feo-1 is stored in the cortical granules. during cortical reaction, it ... | 1999 | 10471479 |
| radionuclides and trace elements in fish collected upstream and downstream of los alamos national laboratory and the doses to humans from the consumption of muscle and bone. | the purpose of this study was to determine radionuclide and trace element concentrations in bottom-feeding fish (catfish, carp, and suckers) collected from the confluences of some of the major canyons that cross los alamos national laboratory (lanl) lands with the rio grande (rg) and the potential radiological doses from the ingestion of these fish. samples of muscle and bone (and viscera in some cases) were analyzed for 3h, 90sr, 137cs, totu, 238pu, 239,240pu, and 241am and ag, as, ba, be, cr, ... | 1999 | 10466108 |
| effects of synthetic pyrethroids and methidation on activities of some digestive enzymes in carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the effects of pyrethroid pesticides (deltamethrin, permethrin and cypermethrin) and an organophosphate ester (methidation) on the activities of carp trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase a and lipase were studied. the enzymes were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract and the effects of the pesticides were investigated during incubation for 5 min. the activity of trypsin was influenced only slightly by the presence of deltamethrin and methidation, whereas permethrin and cypermethrin ... | 1999 | 10466103 |
| simultaneous acute renal and hepatic failure after ingesting raw carp gall bladder. | | 1999 | 10462287 |
| technical evaluation of oxygen transfer rates of fish gills and artificial gills. | an artificial gill, which takes oxygen from water, would enhance the ability of people to function under water for extended periods. increasing oxygen transfer rate, however, would be essential to the realization of compact, commercially viable equipment. fish have evolved a variety of techniques to enable them to breathe under water, and their mechanisms must be clarified before compact, high-performance artificial gills can be developed. a model of the secondary lamellae of fish gills, through ... | 2013 | 10445734 |
| zn2+ differentially modulates glycine receptors versus gaba receptors in isolated carp retinal third-order neurons. | it was previously reported that strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors and gabaa receptors co-existed on carp retinal third-order neurons (amacrine/ganglion cells) (li, p. and yang, x.-l., strong synergism between gabaa and glycine receptors on isolated carp third-order neurons. neuroreport, 9 (1998) 2785-2789.). in this study, the effects of the divalent cation zn2+ on these two receptors were studied in amacrine/ganglion cells acutely isolated from carp, with the use of the whole-cell patch cl ... | 1999 | 10430508 |
| a 30-residue fragment of the carp granulin-1 protein folds into a stack of two beta-hairpins similar to that found in the native protein. | upon air oxidation, a peptide corresponding to the 30-residue n-terminal subdomain of carp granulin-1 spontaneously formed the disulfide pairing observed in the native protein. structural characterization using nmr showed the presence of a defined secondary structure within this peptide. the chemical shifts for most of the alphach protons of the peptide and the protein are very similar, and the observed noe contacts of the peptide strongly resemble those in the protein. a structure calculation o ... | 1999 | 10424355 |
| comparative investigation on spindle behavior and mpf activity changes during oocyte maturation between gynogenetic and amphimictic crucian carp. | the spindle behavior and mpf activity changes in the progression of oocyte maturation were investigated and compared with cytological observation and kinase assay between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and amphimictic colored crucian carp. mpf activity was measured by using histone h1 as phosphorylation substrate. there were two similar oscillatory mpf kinase activity changes during oocyte maturation in two kinds of fishes with different reproductive modes, but there existed some subtle differe ... | 1999 | 10418734 |
| trk-neurotrophin receptor-like immunoreactivity in the gut of teleost species. | neurotrophins, acting through their high-affinity signal-transducing trk receptors, are involved in the development, differentiation and maintenance of discrete neuron populations in the higher vertebrates. furthermore, the presence of trk receptors in some non-neuronal tissues, including the endocrine cells of the gut, could indicate an involvement of neurotrophins also in these tissues. recently, neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptor proteins have been identified in the lower vertebrates and ... | 1999 | 10408916 |
| ultrastructural alterations in the liver and intestine of carp cyprinus carpio induced orally by ultra-low doses of endosulfan. | in order to elucidate the importance of food-borne chemical contamination in fish, cytological and ultrastructural alterations in hepatocytes and enterocytes of common carp cyprinus carpio l. exposed for 5 wk to 0.5 microgram endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzo- dioxyanthiepin-3-oxide) kg-1 food dry weight, equivalent to an ultra-low dosis of 15 ng kg-1 fish d-1, were investigated by means of light and electron microscopy. observations on liver alte ... | 1999 | 10401584 |
| characterization of two zebrafish cdna clones encoding egg envelope proteins zp2 and zp3. | two zebrafish cdna clones encoding homologs of mammalian zona pellucida proteins zp2 and zp3 were isolated from a whole adult cdna library. the zp2 clone encodes a protein of 428 amino acids. unlike other teleost zp2s that contain an n-terminal repetitive domain enriched with prolines and glutamines, the zebrafish zp2 has no such repetitive domain. in the c-terminal non-repetitive domain, the zebrafish zp2 shares 55-76% sequence identity with other teleost zp2s. the zp3 cdna clone encodes a prot ... | 1999 | 10395930 |
| a model for circular dichroism monitored dimerization and calcium binding in an ef-hand synthetic peptide. | ef-hand peptides have been shown to bind calcium and dimerize to form an intact protein domain [shaw, g.s., hodges, r.s. & sykes, b.d. (1990). science, 249, 280-283]. a synthetic 33-residue ef-hand peptide with the sequence of carp parvalbumin cd site demonstrated a seven-fold increase in the apparent calcium dissociation constant with a eight-fold decrease in peptide concentration when fit to a single-site calcium-binding model. this observation is consistent with ef-hand dimerization. this pap ... | 1999 | 10395814 |
| effects of trifluralin on carp: biochemical and histological evaluation. | acute and subacute toxicity of the herbicide trifluralin on fish was investigated in laboratory toxicity tests with carp. median lethal concentrations were determined in acute tests. the 96-h lc50 value was 0.045 (0.036-0.051)mg/l. fish were exposed to subacute concentrations of the herbicide (0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/l trifluralin) in the 14-day toxicity tests and the effects on the relative growth rate, some biochemical parameters [alkaline phosphatase (alp), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), ... | 1999 | 10375424 |
| zebrafish cth1, a c3h zinc finger protein, is expressed in ovarian oocytes and embryos. | the zfcth1 gene is, as the previously cloned carp cth1 gene, related to the mammalian tis 11 family of primary response genes and encodes a protein with two putative ccch zinc fingers. this report describes the rna expression of this gene during oogenesis and early embryogenesis up to gastrulation in the zebrafish (danio rerio). maternal cth1 message is present in the ovary of 1-month-old fish and of adult fish in oocytes at all stages of maturation. in the youngest oocytes the message is locali ... | 1999 | 10370129 |
| size limitations in semicircular duct systems | the present article discusses mechanical requirements and limitations which are applicable to the construction of the system of semicircular ducts, especially to its size. the simplified case of a single, uniform duct system has been considered which can be described by a second order equation of motion. the principal functional quantities for this rotation-sensor are: (1) response speed; (2) sensitivity; and (3) regular flow. the response speed of a single, uniform semicircular duct is characte ... | 1999 | 10366494 |
| recovery of acetylcholinesterase activity in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after inhibition by organophosphate and carbamate compounds. | | 1999 | 10353999 |
| kinetics of cadmium accumulation and elimination in carp cyprinus carpio tissues. | carp (cyprinus carpio) were tested for cadmium accumulation and elimination during and after a simulated pollution exposure. fish were distributed in two 1000-l indoor concrete aquaria supplied with a continuous flow (8 l min(-1)) of well water. the cadmium concentration was maintained at 53 microg l(-1) in one aquarium and 443 microg l(-1) in the other aquarium for 127 days. the exposure phase was followed by a 43-day depuration period. the cadmium accumulation in liver, kidney and muscle was m ... | 1999 | 10336095 |
| in vitro vitellogenin production by carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatocytes as a screening method for determining (anti)estrogenic activity of xenobiotics. | the yolk protein precursor vitellogenin (vtg) is secreted by the liver of female as well as male fish, in response to estrogenic compounds. in this study, an in vitro assay was developed for measuring vtg induction, using cultured primary hepatocytes from genetically uniform strains of carp (cyprinus carpio). vtg production was measured by indirect competitive elisa, using a polyclonal antiserum against goldfish vtg that cross-reacts with carp vtg. vtg was dose-dependently induced by 17beta-estr ... | 1999 | 10329509 |
| pore-forming properties and antibacterial activity of proteins extracted from epidermal mucus of fish. | among several biological functions, the epidermal mucus of fish may play an important role in host defense, particularly in the prevention of colonization by parasites, bacteria and fungi. in previous work, two hydrophobic proteins of 27 and 31 kda were isolated from carp mucus. this study identified a strong antibacterial activity (0.16-0.18 microm) well correlated with pore-forming properties. here this work was extended to other fish species, four fresh water fish and one sea water fish. afte ... | 1999 | 10327617 |
| direct electrospray-ionization mass spectrometric analysis of the major ganglioside from crucian carp liver after thin layer chromatography. | ganglioside patterns from crucian carp brain, muscle, and liver as well as liver gangliosides of roach, carp, the cichlid oreochromis mossambicus, pigeon, dwarf hamster, and calf were comparatively analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc). to achieve a rapid estimation on potentially interesting ganglioside compounds, electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ms) was directly applied to a chloroform/methanol extract of the major tlc band of crucian carp liver. the spectrum ... | 1999 | 10327597 |
| frontonasal dysplasia, macroblepharon, eyelid colobomas, ear anomalies, macrostomia, mental retardation, and cns structural anomalies. a new syndrome? | we report a brazilian girl, born to normal and non-consanguineous parents and presenting, among other signs, brachyacrocephaly, a wide forehead, hypertelorism, wide palpebral fissures with multiple eyelid colobomas, a broad and high nasal root, an absent nasal tip, a wide columella, a long and smooth philtrum, a carp-like mouth, macrostomia, a thin upper lip with midline notching, submucous cleft of the soft palate, a small and grooved chin, ear anomalies, dandy-walker anomaly, a structural anom ... | 1999 | 10327243 |
| ontogeny of the thymus in a teleost fish, cyprinus carpio l.: developing thymocytes in the epithelial microenvironment. | a monoclonal antibody, wcl9, specific for membrane molecules of a thymocyte subpopulation was used to detect these cells in situ during the ontogeny of thymus. cryo-sections revealed wcl9+ cells in the rudiment of the thymus (day 4 post fertilization); thereafter, the positive cells were observed exclusively in the cortex from the first appearance of thymic regionalization (week 4 post fertilization) until adult age. whole-mount immunostaining of the thymus with wcl9 revealed the three-dimension ... | 2006 | 10227480 |
| molecular and immunological characterization of carp parvalbumin, a major fish allergen. | | 2016 | 10224422 |
| purification, characterization, and molecular cloning of carp hyosophorin. | carp hyosophorin (hsp) is purified from oocytes. it is a highly glycosylated protein (10% protein and 90% carbohydrate) of high molecular weight (>100 kda) and is localized in the cortical granules of oocytes. during cortical reaction carp hsp is exocytosed into the perivitelline space and is rapidly cleaved to the low-molecular-weight forms of 20 to 30 kda. the major part of carp hsp cdna is composed of tandem repeats, the repetitive domain. a repeat is 36 base pairs (bp) in length, which encod ... | 1999 | 10206660 |
| identification and expression analysis of two developmentally regulated myosin heavy chain gene transcripts in carp (cyprinus carpio). | whilst developmentally regulated genes for the myosin heavy chain (myohc) have been characterised in mammalian, avian and amphibian species, no developmental myohc gene has previously been characterised in a species of fish. in this study, we identify two developmentally regulated myohc gene transcripts (named eggs22 and eggs24) in carp (cyprinus carpio) and characterise their expression patterns during embryonic and larval development. the transcripts showed an identical temporal pattern of exp ... | 1999 | 10101107 |
| extracellular levels of amino acid neurotransmitters during anoxia and forced energy deficiency in crucian carp brain. | the crucian carp is one of the few vertebrates that has the ability to survive long periods of anoxia. a devastating event in the anoxic mammalian brain is a massive release of excitatory neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate. using microdialysis to measure extracellular levels of several amino acid neurotransmitters and related compounds in the telencephalon of crucian carp in vivo, we show here that this species avoids a release of glutamate during anoxia, which is probably related to its ... | 1999 | 10095011 |
| zinc-induced damage to carp (cyprinus carpio l.) erythrocytes in vitro. | fish erythrocytes were used to elucidate the effect of zinc ions on the cell antioxidant defence system. it was detected that an increase of the zn2+ concentration (0.01-1 mm) leads to a marked decrease (p < 0.05) in the catalase and the glutathione peroxidase activities. we observed a loss of 14-39% activity of glutathione peroxidase, and 16-20% diminution for catalase. no significant changes were found in case of the superoxide dismutase. incubation of red blood cells with zinc brought about a ... | 1999 | 10092948 |
| characterization of the carp myosin heavy chain multigene family. | we isolated partial coding sequences for 29 carp myosin heavy chain genes (myohcs) and determined the nucleotide sequences around the region encoding the loop 2 of the myosin molecule. the predicted amino acid sequences from the isolated genes all showed very high similarity to those of skeletal and cardiac muscles from higher vertebrates, but not to those of smooth and non-muscle counterparts. among all clones isolated, carp myohc10, myohci-1-3 and myohc30 showed exon-nucleotide sequences ident ... | 1999 | 10072772 |
| lethal effects of mexel 432, an antifouling agent, on embryolarval development of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | embryolarval lethal effects of mexel 432, an antifouling agent, were determined in the laboratory during continuous exposure, beginning at fertilization, under various experimental conditions in eight different spawns of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l). in synthetic water at 24 degrees c and without larval feeding, correlations between lc50 values and the various experimental conditions tested, except mexel 432 concentration, were low. the mean lc50 values were 1.13+/-0.35 mg/liter after 3 d ... | 1999 | 10051358 |
| zinc modulation of ampa receptors may be relevant to splice variants in carp retina. | with the use of the whole-cell patch clamp technique, we examined effects of zinc on ampa receptors of isolated carp retinal horizontal cells, predominantly consisting of flop splice variants. we found that zinc ranging from 30 microm to 1 mm failed to modulate glutamate-induced currents of these cells, which is clearly distinct from the results previously obtained in superior colliculus neurons and xenopus ooctyes. furthermore, glutamate responses remained unchanged when zinc was co-applied wit ... | 1999 | 10025587 |
| body bending during fast-starts in fish can be explained in terms of muscle torque and hydrodynamic resistance | fish fast-starts are rapid events caused by the simultaneous onset of muscle activity along one side of the body. spine curvature and the strain and electromyographic activity in white muscle were measured for fast-starts in the common carp cyprinus carpio. the first bend of the fast-start was powered by muscle on the concave side: muscle fibres on this side were activated and began shortening simultaneously between the length-specific longitudinal sites 0.3l and 0.56l, where l is total body len ... | 1999 | 10021321 |
| estimated intakes of trans fatty and other fatty acids in the us population. | to estimate mean level of trans fatty acid intakes using a representative sample of the us population. | 1999 | 9972183 |
| sublethal effects of phenol on the phospholipid fatty acid composition of carp erythrocyte plasma membrane. | the effect of different concentrations (5, 10, and 20 ppm) of phenol on the carp erythrocyte plasma membrane was examined following exposures of 48 and 96 h. the results indicated that the high concentrations of phenol pollutant led to an increase in phosphatidylcholine (pc) and eliminated phosphatidylinositol (pi), phosphatidylserine (ps), and phosphatidic acid (pa). the data also revealed that arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) was present in the greatest amounts; its quantity in both low and high do ... | 1999 | 9931236 |
| white muscle strain in the common carp and red to white muscle gearing ratios in fish | white muscle strains were recorded using sonomicrometry techniques for 70 fast-starts in the common carp cyprinus carpio l. high-speed cine images were recorded simultaneously for 54 of these starts, and muscle strain was calculated independently from the digitized outlines of the fish. sonomicrometry measurements of superficial muscle strain were not significantly different from the strain as calculated from the theory of simple bending of a homogeneous material: superficial muscle strain thus ... | 1999 | 9929455 |
| the impact of rice pesticides on the aquatic ecosystems of the sacramento river and delta (california). | since the early 1980s, when molinate was demonstrated to have killed carp in agricultural drains, an intensive research effort has been undertaken to assess the impact of rice pesticides on aquatic ecosystems in the sacramento river and delta. no impact has been found that can be clearly attributed to rice pesticides. however, the rice insecticides methyl parathion and carbofuran, and probably also bufencarb, reached levels in the river and delta that, based on laboratory bioassays, would have b ... | 1999 | 9921140 |
| major histocompatibility genes in cyprinid fishes: theory and practice. | the first teleostean mhc sequences were described for carp. subsequent studies in a number of cyprinid fishes showed that the class i sequences of these fishes are of particular interest. two distinct lineages (cyca-z and cyca-u) are found in the common and ginbuna crucian carp, but only the u lineage is present in zebrafish and other non-cyprinid species. the presence of the z lineage is hypothesised to be the result of an allotetraploidisation event. both phylogenetic analyses and amino acid s ... | 1998 | 9914921 |
| structural and functional identification of complement components of the bony fish, carp (cyprinus carpio). | complement is a humoral factor of innate immunity and plays important roles in immune surveillance and clearance of invading pathogens. mammalian complement consists of the classical (antibody-dependent), the alternative (antibody-independent) and the lectin (triggered by mannose-binding lectin) pathways of activation, and of the lytic pathway. phylogenetically, bony fish are one of the lowest groups of vertebrates with serum that shows hemolytic activity indistinguishable from that of mammalian ... | 1998 | 9914900 |
| kinematics and muscle dynamics of c- and s-starts of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | an analysis is presented of body curvature, acceleration and muscle strain during fast-starts in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). c- and s-starts were filmed at 200 frames s-1 at 23 degreesc. curvatures and accelerations of mid-body axes were calculated from digitised outlines. maximum accelerations at 0.3 fl (fork length) from the snout were 54 m s-2 for c-starts and 40 m s-2 for s-starts. the total turning angle was approximately 150 degrees in c-starts. this angle was 70 degrees during e ... | 1999 | 9914147 |
| cortisol inhibits apoptosis in carp neutrophilic granulocytes. | the direct effect of cortisol treatment on carp neutrophil viability was examined in vitro. cortisol treatment caused an inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis. the effect was blocked by glucocorticoid receptor blocker ru486, showing that rescue from apoptosis was receptor mediated. using binding studies with radioactive cortisol, a single class of glucocorticoid receptors was detected with high affinity (kd = 2.6 nm) and low capacity (497 receptors/cell) for cortisol binding. both in vitro and in v ... | 2013 | 9877437 |
| cortisol induces apoptosis in activated b cells, not in other lymphoid cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio l.. | in mammalian t and b cells glucocorticoids (gs) regulate development and selection through induction of apoptosis; more recently gs-induced apoptosis has also been implicated in the removal of circulating, activated t and b cells following an immune response. in an earlier report we have given the first evidence for cortisol-induced apoptosis as an immune regulator in an aquatic vertebrate, the common carp. here we report on subpopulation-specific sensitivity of carp peripheral blood leukocytes ... | 2013 | 9877436 |
| expression of mhccyca class i and class ii molecules in the early life history of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) | in this study transcription of class i alpha chain (cyca-ua), beta2-microglobulin (cyca-b2m) and class ii alpha (cyca-dxa) and beta (cyca-dab) during the early stages of embryo development was investigated by semiquantitative pcr. no transcripts of the genes under investigation were detected in the unfertilized egg. the expression of the genes encoding for the class ii molecules revealed to be synchronized starting at day 1, unlike those for the class i molecules. transcription of cyca-b2m was f ... | 2006 | 9877432 |
| cadmium accumulation and metallothionein biosynthesis in cyprinus carpio tissues. | | 1998 | 9871009 |
| two types of mrna encoding myosin regulatory light chain in carp fast skeletal muscle differ in their 3' non-coding regions and expression patterns following temperature acclimation. | cdna clones encoding the myosin regulatory light chain (rlc) were isolated from a cdna library prepared from fast skeletal muscle of the carp cyprinus carpio l. two types of cdna clone encoding carp rlc were found with identical deduced amino acid sequences. the two mrnas differed in the number of polyadenylation signals prior to the poly(a) tail in the 3' non-coding region. the two mrna species, with approximate sizes of 1.4 and 0.8 kilobases, were also observed in northern blot analysis. carp ... | 1998 | 9866874 |
| molecular cloning and developmental expression patterns of the myod and mef2 families of muscle transcription factors in the carp. | cdna clones encoding the myogenic regulatory factors (mrfs) myogenin, myod and myf-5 were isolated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from larvae and embryos of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (mef2) cdnas were identified from a cdna library from adult carp. northern blot analysis showed that myod, myf-5 and mef2c transcripts were present in three-somite embryos, whereas myogenin and mef2a transcripts were not detected until the 15-somite ... | 1998 | 9866873 |
| [the selective suppression of gaba on cone-driven horizontal cells in carp retina]. | intracellular recordings were made from horizontal cells in the superfused, isolated carp retina and effects of gaba on rod- and cone-driven horizontal cells were studied. bath-applied gaba (0.5-5 mmol/l) resulted in a hyperpolarization of dark membrane potential and a suppression of light responses of l-type cone horizontal cells. in 7 out of 10 cells tested the effects of gaba were completely blocked by bicuculline, an antagonist of gabaa receptors. in the presence of 0.5 mmol/l co2+, 2 mmol/l ... | 1997 | 9863185 |
| surgical removal of an undifferentiated abdominal sarcoma from a koi carp (cyprinus carpio). | an undifferentiated abdominal sarcoma was removed surgically from a koi carp. the diagnostic procedures, including radiography and computed tomography, and the procedures for general anaesthesia and the surgical approach for a celiotomy in a fish are described. the gross and microscopic appearance of the tumour is described and illustrated. | 1998 | 9854318 |
| distinctive catalytic actions of carp dipeptidases from ordinary muscle and intestine. | although carp muscular and intestinal dipeptidases are metalloenzymes acting only on dipeptides, some structural and enzymatic differences occur between them. the present study verifies distinctive actions during dipeptide hydrolysis by these enzymes in terms of their kinetic characterization. the intestinal enzyme was differentially inhibited by edta and 1,10-phenanthroline, whereas these compounds induced a similar level inhibition of the muscular enzyme. the km and vmax values of both enzymes ... | 1998 | 9701637 |
| purification and characterization of a novel dipeptidase from carp ordinary muscle. | a novel dipeptidase was purified to homogeneity from the crude extract of carp ordinary muscle with an increase in specific activity of 4041-fold and a 4% recovery rate. the enzyme was determined to have molecular weights of 54,000 after reduction and 106,000 without reduction, indicating that it is composed of two sulfide-linking molecules of subunit peptide chains of identical molar size. the optimum hydrolysis ph and temperature of the enzyme were evaluated by l-leucine-glycine to be ph 8.5 a ... | 1998 | 9701633 |
| characterization of the electrogenic na+ -k+ pump in bipolar cells isolated from carp retina. | the electrogenic na+ -k+ pump current (ip) in carp bipolar cells was investigated under voltage-clamp conditions. the ip was activated in a concentration-dependent manner by adding external k+ (ko+) and was completely suppressed with 10(-4) m ouabain (ec50=1.23 mm; hill coefficient=1.36). the ip was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner by ouabain (ic50=1.90 mm; hill coefficient=0.93). the ip did not show a distinct voltage dependency either with or without na(o)+. a large outward shift ... | 1998 | 9833634 |
| growth hormone, sexual maturity and steroids in male carp (cyprinus carpio). | samples of pituitary, blood plasma and gonad were taken from male carp. the growth hormones (gh) in the pituitary and plasma were measured in fish of various body weights (bw) and degrees of gonad development, and compared with the levels of 17 beta-estradiol (e2), testosterone (t), 17 alpha-hydroprogesterone (17-p), 11-ketotesterone (11-kt) and progesterone (p) in the testes and plasma. the gonadosomatic index increased rapidly with bw from 100 to 600 g, and then decreased at 900 g. the pituita ... | 1998 | 9827061 |
| endocrine regulation of gonadotropin and growth hormone gene transcription in fish. | the pituitary of a number of teleosts contains two gonadotropins (gths) which are produced in distinct populations of cells; the beta subunit of the gth i being found in close proximity to the somatotrophs, while the ii beta cells are more peripheral. in several species the gth beta subunits are expressed at varying levels throughout the reproductive cycle, the i beta dominating in early maturing fish, after which the ii beta becomes predominant. this suggests differential control of the beta su ... | 1998 | 9827005 |
| identification of cystatin as a component of carp chorion. | an ovary-specific cystatin is immunocytochemically demonstrated to be localized in the chorions, cortical granules, and yolk granules of carp oocytes, as well as in the follicle cells surrounding oocytes. during cortical reaction, cystatin is exocytosed from cortical granules into the perivitelline space. in situ hybridization confirms that cystatin is synthesized by oocytes and follicle cells. western blotting reveals that chorion cystatin appears in multiple bands of high molecular weight (fro ... | 1998 | 9820202 |
| expression and temperature-dependent regulation of the beta2-microglobulin (cyca-b2m) gene in a cold-blooded vertebrate, the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | expression of beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) in the common carp was studied using a polyclonal antibody raised against a recombinant protein obtained from eukaryotic expression of the cyca-b2m gene. beta2m is expressed on peripheral blood ig+ and ig lymphocytes, but not on erythrocytes and thrombocytes. in spleen and pronephros, dull- and bright-positive populations could be identified correlating with the presence of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and mature leucocytes or immature and mature cells f ... | 1998 | 9814583 |
| development and use of genetically uniform strains of common carp in experimental animal research. | fish are widely used in numerous fields of basic and applied research. currently, they are the third laboratory animal group in numbers, and will become increasingly important. common carp is a major species in both aquaculture and research. inbred strains of carp by gynogenetic (only female inheritance) and androgenetic (only male inheritance) reproduction techniques were developed at our university. with these methods, homozygous animals are produced in one generation and we present the produc ... | 1998 | 9807748 |
| cloning and expression of two proopiomelanocortin mrnas in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | proopiomelanocortin (pomc) is the precursor for a number of biologically active peptides such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and beta-endorphin. it is well known that these peptides are involved in the stress response in fish as well as in mammals. we have cloned two different carp pomc cdnas called, pomc-i and pomc-ii. the nucleotide sequences of 955 bp for pomc-i and 959 bp for pomc-ii share 93.5% identity in their cdnas, and the deduced ... | 1998 | 9806347 |
| transcriptional activities in the pituitaries of channel catfish before and after induced ovulation by injection of carp pituitary extract as revealed by expressed sequence tag analysis. | expressed sequence tag (est) analysis was adopted to address physiological changes after injection of carp pituitary extract for induction of ovulation. ests were analyzed from cdna libraries constructed from mrna isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) pituitaries before and after induction of ovulation by injection of carp pituitary extract. one hundred randomly picked clones were analyzed. of the sequences generated, a large percentage (59%) of ests were identified as known genes ... | 1998 | 9801455 |
| astroglial architecture of the carp (cyprinus carpio) brain as revealed by immunohistochemical staining against glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap). | the present paper is the first comprehensive study on the astroglia of a teleost fish that is based on the immunohistochemical staining of gfap (glial fibrillary acidic protein, an immunohistochemical marker of astroglia). the ray-finned fishes (actinopterygii) and their largest group, the teleostei, represent a separate pathway of vertebrate evolution. their brain has a very complex macroscopic structure; several parts either have no equivalents in tetrapods or have a very different shape, e.g. ... | 1998 | 9801060 |
| differential expression of two pro-opiomelanocortin mrnas during temperature stress in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) is the precursor of a number of biologically active peptides, including adrenocorticotropic hormone, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin, which are released by the pituitary glands of fish as well as mammals. to quantify the levels of expression of the two pomc mrnas relative to one another during the response of the common carp to temperature-induced stress, we used reverse transcriptase pcr combined with capillary electrophoresis and laser-induce ... | 1998 | 9795345 |
| two diverged complement factor b/c2-like cdna sequences from a teleost, the common carp (cyprinus carpio). | mammalian complement components factor b and c2 act as proteolytic subunits of the c3 convertases in the alternative and the classical activation pathways, respectively, and are believed to have diverged from a common ancestor by gene duplication. however, it is unclear when the b/c2 duplication occurred. here, we describe two diverged b/c2-like cdna clones (b/c2-a and b/c2-b) isolated from a bony fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio). b/c2-a shares the same domain structure as the factor b an ... | 1998 | 9794413 |
| strong synergism between gaba(a) and glycine receptors on isolated carp third-order neurons. | a strong synergistic interaction between the bicuculline-sensitive gaba receptor (gaba(a) receptor) and the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor was observed in third-order neurons acutely isolated from crucian carp retina, with the use of the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique. in 58 of 153 cells, 10 microm gaba or glycine separately applied to amacrine/ganglion cells failed to induce any responses or only induced small currents (<20 pa), while co-application of these two chemicals res ... | 1998 | 9760138 |