| overexpression of an adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor gene from the halophytic grass spartina alterniflora confers salinity and drought tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis. | adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factors (arfs) are small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that play an important role in intracellular protein trafficking necessary for undertaking multiple physiological functions in plant growth and developmental processes. however, little is known about the mechanism of arf functioning at the molecular level, as well as its involvement in abiotic stress tolerance. in this study, we demonstrated the direct involvement of an arf gene saarf from a grass hal ... | 2014 | 24247851 |
| overexpression of a new stress-repressive gene osdsr2 encoding a protein with a duf966 domain increases salt and simulated drought stress sensitivities and reduces aba sensitivity in rice. | domain of unknown function 966 (duf966) gene family was found in the protein family database, which consisted of seven genes in rice. the proteins encoded by these genes contained one or two highly conserved duf966 domains. the available data of public microarray databases implied that these genes might play crucial roles in plant response to abiotic stresses. in this study, a member of the duf966 gene family, duf966-stress repressive gene 2 in oryza sativa (osdsr2, loc_os01g62200), was cloned a ... | 2014 | 24247850 |
| characterization of a novel duf1618 gene family in rice. | domain of unknown function (duf) proteins represent a number of gene families that encode functionally uncharacterized proteins in eukaryotes. for example, duf1618 family members in plants possess a 56-199-amino acid conserved domain and this family has not been described previously. here, we report the characterization of 121 duf1618 genes identified in the rice genome. based on phylogenetic analysis, the rice duf1618 family was divided into two major groups, each group consisting of two clades ... | 2014 | 24237627 |
| overexpression of stress-inducible osburp16, the β subunit of polygalacturonase 1, decreases pectin content and cell adhesion and increases abiotic stress sensitivity in rice. | polygalacturonase (pg), one of the hydrolases responsible for cell wall pectin degradation, is involved in organ consenescence and biotic stress in plants. pg1 is composed of a catalytic subunit, pg2, and a non-catalytic pg1β subunit. osburp16 belongs to the pg1β-like subfamily of burp-family genes and encodes one putative pg1β subunit precursor in rice (oryza sativa l.). transcription of osburp16 is induced by cold, salinity and drought stresses, as well as by abscisic acid (aba) treatment. ana ... | 2014 | 24237159 |
| mapping and validation of quantitative trait loci associated with concentrations of 16 elements in unmilled rice grain. | qtls controlling the concentrations elements in rice grain were identified in two mapping populations. the qtls were clustered such that most genomic regions were associated with more than one element. in this study, quantitative trait loci (qtls) affecting the concentrations of 16 elements in whole, unmilled rice (oryza sativa l.) grain were identified. two rice mapping populations, the ‘lemont’ × ‘teqing’ recombinant inbred lines (lt-rils), and the teqing-into-lemont backcross introgression li ... | 2014 | 24231918 |
| uptake of zwitterionic antibiotics by rice (oryza sativa l.) in contaminated soil. | antibiotics, including members of the tetracycline and fluoroquinolone families, are emerging organic environmental contaminants. uptake from soil by plants is a means for antibiotics to enter terrestrial food chains. chemical exchange between plant and the soil/water matrix occurs simultaneously with degradation in the soil/water matrix. in this study, the comparative temporal behaviour of rice (oryza sativa l.) towards the zwitterionic antibiotics oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and norflox ... | 2013 | 24231322 |
| characterization of a type d1a eul-related lectin from rice expressed in pichia pastoris. | orysaeuld1a is one of the five eul genes in rice (oryza sativa) encoding a putative carbohydrate-binding protein belonging to the family of euonymus related lectins (eul). the orysaeuld1a sequence comprises two highly similar eul domains (91% sequence similarity and 72% sequence identity) separated by a 23 amino acid linker sequence and preceded by a 19 amino acid n-terminal sequence. in the present study, the full-length protein orysaeuld1a as well as its individual domains orysaeuld1a domain 1 ... | 2014 | 24231122 |
| transcriptomes of isolated oryza sativa gametes characterized by deep sequencing: evidence for distinct sex-dependent chromatin and epigenetic states before fertilization. | the formation of a zygote by the fusion of egg and sperm involves the two gametic transcriptomes. in flowering plants, the embryo sac embedded within the ovule contains the egg cell, whereas the pollen grain contains two sperm cells inside a supporting vegetative cell. the difficulties of collecting isolated gametes and consequent low recovery of rna have restricted in-depth analysis of gametic transcriptomes in flowering plants. we isolated living egg cells, sperm cells and pollen vegetative ce ... | 2013 | 24215296 |
| computational evaluation on the binding affinity of non-specific lipid-transfer protein-2 with fatty acids. | a computational study was carried out to identify the structural determinant controlling the affinity, specificity and binding strength of several saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with oryza sativa (indica group) nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsltp2). association between the number, position and conformation of hydrophobic patches and lipid binding properties of the protein was evidenced by docking analysis. binding affinity is influenced by the number of carbon atoms, location of dou ... | 2013 | 24209919 |
| laterally resolved speciation of arsenic in roots of wheat and rice using fluorescence-xanes imaging. | • accumulation of arsenic (as) within plant tissues represents a human health risk, but there remains much to learn regarding the speciation of as within plants. • we developed synchrotron-based fluorescence-x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (fluorescence-xanes) imaging in hydrated and fresh plant tissues to provide laterally resolved data on the in situ speciation of as in roots of wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa) exposed to 2 μm as(v) or as(iii). • when exposed to as(v), ... | 2014 | 24206613 |
| rice sucrose transporter1 (ossut1) up-regulation in xylem parenchyma is caused by aphid feeding on rice leaf blade vascular bundles. | the role of the sucrose transporter ossut1 in assimilate retrieval via the xylem, as a result of damage to and leakage from punctured phloem was examined after rusty plum aphid (hysteroneura setariae, thomas) infestation on leaves from 3-week-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv nipponbare) plants. leaves were examined over a 1- to 10-day infestation time course, using a combination of gene expression and β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene analyses. qpcr and western blot analyses revealed differential ... | 2014 | 24206428 |
| greenhouse gas emissions from rice microcosms amended with a plant microbial fuel cell. | methane (ch4) release from wetlands is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. gas exchange occurs mainly through the aerenchyma of plants, and production of greenhouse gases is heavily dependent on rhizosphere biogeochemical conditions (i.e. substrate availability and redox potential). it is hypothesized that by introducing a biocatalyzed anode electrode in the rhizosphere of wetland plants, a competition for carbon and electrons can be invoked between electrical current-generating bac ... | 2014 | 24201892 |
| the cento satellite confers translational and rotational phasing on cenh3 nucleosomes in rice centromeres. | plant and animal centromeres comprise megabases of highly repeated satellite sequences, yet centromere function can be specified epigenetically on single-copy dna by the presence of nucleosomes containing a centromere-specific variant of histone h3 (cenh3). we determined the positions of cenh3 nucleosomes in rice (oryza sativa), which has centromeres composed of both the 155-bp cento satellite repeat and single-copy non-cento sequences. we find that cenh3 nucleosomes protect 90-100 bp of dna fro ... | 2013 | 24191062 |
| spatial transcriptomes of iron-deficient and cadmium-stressed rice. | although the genes involved in metal homeostasis have been investigated over the past few decades, many genes related to metal homeostasis remain uncharacterized, and a comprehensive analysis of the expression of these genes is required. in the present study, we investigated the spatial gene expression profile of iron (fe)-deficient and cadmium (cd)-stressed oryza sativa (rice) using laser microdissection and microarray analysis. roots of fe-deficient and cd-stressed rice were separated into the ... | 2014 | 24188410 |
| effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on the quality of rice ( oryza sativa l.) grains. | despite the remarkable number of publications on the interaction of engineered nanoparticles (enps) with plants, knowledge of the implications of enps in the nutritional value of food crops is still limited. this research was performed to study the quality of rice grains harvested from plants grown in soil treated with cerium oxide nanoparticles (nceo2). three rice varieties (high, medium, and low amylose) were cultivated to full maturity in soil amended with nceo2 at 0 and 500 mg kg(-1) soil. c ... | 2013 | 24188281 |
| ascorbate metabolism in rice genotypes differing in zinc efficiency. | effects of zinc (zn) deficiency on shoot metabolites were investigated in contrasting rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes with special focus on ascorbic acid (asa) biosynthesis, recycling, and catabolism. the genotypes ir74 (sensitive) and ril46 (tolerant) were subjected to -zn and control treatments for 3 weeks, and samples were taken at three different stages representing the pre-stress phase, emergence of visible stress, and severe visible stress. the emergence of visible symptoms was paralleled ... | 2014 | 24173698 |
| genome-wide binding analysis of the transcription activator ideal plant architecture1 reveals a complex network regulating rice plant architecture. | ideal plant architecture1 (ipa1) is critical in regulating rice (oryza sativa) plant architecture and substantially enhances grain yield. to elucidate its molecular basis, we first confirmed ipa1 as a functional transcription activator and then identified 1067 and 2185 genes associated with ipa1 binding sites in shoot apices and young panicles, respectively, through chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing assays. the squamosa promoter binding protein-box direct binding core motif gtac was highl ... | 2013 | 24170127 |
| immunodetection of a brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål) salivary catalase-like protein into tissues of rice, oryza sativa. | saliva plays an important role in host plant-phloem-feeding insect molecular interactions. to better elucidate the role of insect saliva, a series of experiments were conducted to establish if catalase from the salivary glands of the brown planthopper (bph; nilaparvata lugens stål) was secreted into rice host plant tissue during feeding. catalase is the main enzyme that decomposes hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) at high concentrations. h2o2 is a part of the free radicals system that mediates important ... | 2014 | 24164290 |
| characterization and genetic mapping of a photoperiod-sensitive dwarf 1 locus in rice (oryza sativa l.). | plant height is an important agronomic trait for crop architecture and yield. most known factors determining plant height function in gibberellin or brassinosteroid biosynthesis or signal transduction. here, we report a japonica rice (oryza sativa ssp. japonica) dominant dwarf mutant, photoperiod-sensitive dwarf 1 (psd1). the psd1 mutant showed impaired cell division and elongation, and a severe dwarf phenotype under long-day conditions, but nearly normal growth in short-day. the plant height of ... | 2014 | 24158250 |
| strigolactone and cytokinin act antagonistically in regulating rice mesocotyl elongation in darkness. | strigolactones (sls) are a group of phytohormones that control plant growth and development including shoot branching. previous studies of the phenotypes of sl-related rice (oryza sativa) dwarf (d) mutants demonstrated that sls inhibit mesocotyl elongation by controlling cell division. here, we found that the expression of cytokinin (ck)-responsive type-a response regulator (rr) genes was higher in d10-1 and d14-1 mutants than in the wild type. however, ck levels in mesocotyls of the d mutants w ... | 2014 | 24151204 |
| a mutable albino allele in rice reveals that formation of thylakoid membranes requires the snow-white leaf1 gene. | active dna transposons are important tools for gene functional analysis. the endogenous non-autonomous transposon, ndart1-0, in rice (oryza sativa l.) is expected to generate various transposon-insertion mutants because ndart1-0 elements tend to insert into genic regions under natural growth conditions. we have developed a specific method (ndart1-0-ipcr) for efficient detection of ndart1-0 insertions and successfully identified the snow-white leaf1 (swl1) gene in a variegated albino (swl1-v) mut ... | 2014 | 24151203 |
| analysis of new functional profiles of protein isoforms yielded by ds exonization in rice. | insertion of transposable elements (tes) into introns can lead to their activation as alternatively spliced cassette exons, an event called exonization. exonization can enrich the complexity of transcriptomes and proteomes. previously, we performed a genome-wide computational analysis of ds exonization events in the monocot oryza sativa (rice). the insertion patterns of ds increased the number of transcripts and subsequent protein isoforms, which were determined as interior and c-terminal varian ... | 2013 | 24137048 |
| endogenous auxin and jasmonic acid levels are differentially modulated by abiotic stresses in rice. | abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and adverse temperatures are major limiting factors for plant growth and reproduction. plant responses to these stresses are coordinated by arrays of regulatory networks including the induction of endogenous abscisic acid (aba), a well documented phytohormone for stress responses. however, whether or how these abiotic stresses affect the endogenous biosynthesis or metabolism of other phytohormones remains largely unknown. here, we report the changes of ... | 2013 | 24130566 |
| cloning and characterization of endo-β-1,4-glucanase genes in the common wheat line three pistils. | in this work, we report the cloning and characterization of endo-β-1,4-glucanase (egase) genes (taeg) in the common wheat line three pistils. three taeg homoeologous genes (taeg-4a, taeg-4b and taeg-4d) were isolated and found to be located on chromosomes 4al, 4bs and 4ds, respectively. the three genes showed high conservation of their coding nucleotide sequences and 3 untranslated region. the putative taeg protein had a molecular mass of 69 kda, a theoretical pi of 9.39 and a transmembrane doma ... | 2013 | 24130448 |
| determination of pork spoilage by colorimetric gas sensor array based on natural pigments. | a new colorimetric gas-sensor array based on four natural pigments, that were extracted from spinach (spinacia oleracea), red radish (raphanus sativus l.), winter jasmine (jasminum nudiflorum), and black rice (oryza sativa l. indica), was developed for pork freshness evaluation. a colour change profile for each sample was obtained by differentiating the images of the sensor array before and after exposure to the odour of sample. the total viable count (tvc) per gram of pork was obtained by class ... | 2014 | 24128513 |
| osaca6, a p-type iib ca²⁺ atpase promotes salinity and drought stress tolerance in tobacco by ros scavenging and enhancing the expression of stress-responsive genes. | calcium (ca²⁺) regulates several signalling pathways involved in growth, development and stress tolerance. cellular ca²⁺ homeostasis is achieved by the combined action of channels, pumps and antiporters, but direct evidence for a role of ca²⁺atpase pumps in stress tolerance is lacking. here we report the characterization of a ca²⁺ atpase gene (osaca6) from oryza sativa, and elucidate its functions in stress tolerance. osaca6 transcript levels are enhanced in response to salt, drought, abscisic a ... | 2013 | 24128296 |
| putative megaenzyme dwa1 plays essential roles in drought resistance by regulating stress-induced wax deposition in rice. | drought stress is a major limiting factor for crop production. cuticular wax plays an important role in preventing water loss from drought stress. however, the genetic control of cuticular wax deposition under drought stress conditions has not been characterized. here, we identified a rice gene drought-induced wax accumulation 1 (dwa1) encoding a very large protein (2,391 aa in length) containing multiple enzymatic structures, including an oxidoreductase-like domain; a prokaryotic nonribosomal p ... | 2013 | 24127586 |
| evaluation of the effects of ozone on yield of japanese rice (oryza sativa l.) based on stomatal ozone uptake. | to evaluate the negative impact of ozone (o3) on japanese crop plant yield based on cumulative stomatal o3 flux, a japanese rice cultivar, koshihikari, was exposed to o3 in o3-exposure chambers. stomatal diffusive conductance to water vapour were measured during the experimental period. we parameterized and improved a stomatal diffusive conductance model by considering seasonal changes in stomatal diffusive conductance, as well as the acute effects of o3 on this variable. our adjusted model acco ... | 2014 | 24125940 |
| replication protein a2c coupled with replication protein a1c regulates crossover formation during meiosis in rice. | replication protein a (rpa) is a conserved heterotrimeric protein complex comprising rpa1, rpa2, and rpa3 subunits involved in multiple dna metabolism pathways attributable to its single-stranded dna binding property. unlike other species possessing a single rpa2 gene, rice (oryza sativa) possesses three rpa2 paralogs, but their functions remain unclear. in this study, we identified rpa2c, a rice gene preferentially expressed during meiosis. a t-dna insertional mutant (rpa2c) exhibited reduced b ... | 2013 | 24122830 |
| detection and quantification of native microbial populations on soil-grown rice roots by catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization. | catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (card-fish) was applied to detect microbial cells on the rhizoplane of wetland rice (oryza sativa l.). fluorescent signals of high intensity and specificity allowed for a reliable quantification of selected microbial phyla. absolute cell numbers of archaea and bacteria were observed to be highest at flowering stage of rice plant development (p < 0.05) showing values of 1.32 and 6.26 × 10(4) cells mm(-2) rhizoplane, respectively. h ... | 2014 | 24118011 |
| genetic analysis and molecular mapping of low amylose gene du12(t) in rice (oryza sativa l.). | we obtained interesting results for genetic analysis and molecular mapping of the du12(t) gene. control of the amylose content in rice is the major strategy for breeding rice with improved quality. in this study, we conducted genetic analysis and molecular mapping to identify the dull gene in the dull rice, milyang262. a single recessive gene, tentatively designated as du12(t), was identified as the dull gene that leads to the low amylose character of milyang262. to investigate the inheritance o ... | 2014 | 24114051 |
| auxin response factor (osarf12), a novel regulator for phosphate homeostasis in rice (oryza sativa). | phosphorus (p) is crucial nutrient element for crop growth and development. however, the network pathway regulating homeostasis of phosphate (pi) in crops has many molecular breeding unknowns. here, we report that an auxin response factor, osarf12, functions in pi homeostasis. measurement of element content, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and acid phosphatases (apases) activity assay showed that the osarf12 mutant and osarf12/25 double mutant with p-intoxic ... | 2014 | 24111723 |
| combined nanosims and synchrotron x-ray fluorescence reveal distinct cellular and subcellular distribution patterns of trace elements in rice tissues. | the cellular and subcellular distributions of trace elements can provide important clues to understanding how the elements are transported and stored in plant cells, but mapping their distributions is a challenging task. the distributions of arsenic, iron, zinc, manganese and copper, as well as physiologically related macro-elements, were mapped in the node, internode and leaf sheath of rice (oryza sativa) using synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (s-xrf) and high-resolution secondary ion mass spectr ... | 2014 | 24107000 |
| loss-of-function of osstn8 suppresses the photosystem ii core protein phosphorylation and interferes with the photosystem ii repair mechanism in rice (oryza sativa). | stn8 kinase is involved in photosystem ii (psii) core protein phosphorylation (pcpp). to examine the role of pcpp in psii repair during high light (hl) illumination, we characterized a t-dna insertional knockout mutant of the rice (oryza sativa) stn8 gene. in this osstn8 mutant, pcpp was significantly suppressed, and the grana were thin and elongated. upon hl illumination, psii was strongly inactivated in the mutants, but the d1 protein was degraded more slowly than in wild-type, and mobilizatio ... | 2013 | 24103067 |
| inhibition of cadmium ion uptake in rice (oryza sativa) cells by a wall-bound form of silicon. | the stresses acting on plants that are alleviated by silicon (si) range from biotic to abiotic stresses, such as heavy metal toxicity. however, the mechanism of stress alleviation by si at the single-cell level is poorly understood. we cultivated suspended rice (oryza sativa) cells and protoplasts and investigated them using a combination of plant nutritional and physical techniques including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms), the scanning ion-selective electrode technique (s ... | 2013 | 24102436 |
| suppression of glycolate oxidase causes glyoxylate accumulation that inhibits photosynthesis through deactivating rubisco in rice. | glycolate oxidase (glo) is a key enzyme for photorespiration in plants. previous studies have demonstrated that suppression of glo causes photosynthetic inhibition, and the accumulated glycolate with the deactivated rubisco is likely involved in the regulation. using isolated rubisco and chloroplasts, it has been found that only glyoxylate can effectively inactivate rubisco and meanwhile inhibit photosynthesis, but little in vivo evidence has been acquired and reported. in this study, we have ge ... | 2014 | 24102419 |
| stress-induced cytokinin synthesis increases drought tolerance through the coordinated regulation of carbon and nitrogen assimilation in rice. | the effects of water deficit on carbon and nitrogen metabolism were investigated in flag leaves of wild-type and transgenic rice (oryza sativa japonica 'kitaake') plants expressing isopentenyltransferase (ipt; encoding the enzyme that mediates the rate-limiting step in cytokinin synthesis) under the control of p(sark), a maturation- and stress-induced promoter. while the wild-type plants displayed inhibition of photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation during water stress, neither carbon nor nitr ... | 2013 | 24101772 |
| natural variation of the rice flowering locus t 1 contributes to flowering time divergence in rice. | in rice (oryza sativa l.), there is a diversity in flowering time that is strictly genetically regulated. some indica cultivars show extremely late flowering under long-day conditions, but little is known about the gene(s) involved. here, we demonstrate that functional defects in the florigen gene rft1 are the main cause of late flowering in an indica cultivar, nona bokra. mapping and complementation studies revealed that sequence polymorphisms in the rft1 regulatory and coding regions are likel ... | 2013 | 24098411 |
| engineering the oryza sativa cell wall with rice nac transcription factors regulating secondary wall formation. | plant tissues that require structural rigidity synthesize a thick, strong secondary cell wall of lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses in a complicated bridged structure. master regulators of secondary wall synthesis were identified in dicots, and orthologs of these regulators have been identified in monocots, but regulation of secondary cell wall formation in monocots has not been extensively studied. here we demonstrate that the rice transcription factors secondary wall nac domain proteins (swn ... | 2013 | 24098302 |
| flow sorting and sequencing meadow fescue chromosome 4f. | the analysis of large genomes is hampered by a high proportion of repetitive dna, which makes the assembly of short sequence reads difficult. this is also the case in meadow fescue (festuca pratensis), which is known for good abiotic stress resistance and has been used in intergeneric hybridization with ryegrasses (lolium spp.) to produce festulolium cultivars. in this work, we describe a new approach to analyze the large genome of meadow fescue, which involves the reduction of sample complexity ... | 2013 | 24096412 |
| a rice cis-natural antisense rna acts as a translational enhancer for its cognate mrna and contributes to phosphate homeostasis and plant fitness. | cis-natural antisense transcripts (cis-nats) are widespread in plants and are often associated with downregulation of their associated sense genes. we found that a cis-nat positively regulates the level of a protein critical for phosphate homeostasis in rice (oryza sativa). phosphate1;2 (pho1;2), a gene involved in phosphate loading into the xylem in rice, and its associated cis-natpho1;2 are both controlled by promoters active in the vascular cylinder of roots and leaves. while the pho1;2 promo ... | 2013 | 24096344 |
| auxin distribution is differentially affected by nitrate in roots of two rice cultivars differing in responsiveness to nitrogen. | although ammonium (nh4(+)) is the preferred form of nitrogen over nitrate (no3(-)) for rice (oryza sativa), lateral root (lr) growth in roots is enhanced by partial no3(-) nutrition (pnn). the roles of auxin distribution and polar transport in lr formation in response to localized no3(-) availability are not known. | 2013 | 24095838 |
| physiology and proteome responses of two contrasting rice mutants and their wild type parent under salt stress conditions at the vegetative stage. | salinity is one of the major environmental limiting factors that affects growth and productivity of rice (oryza sativa l.) worldwide. rice is among the most sensitive crops to salinity, especially at early vegetative stages. in order to get a better understanding of molecular pathways affected in rice mutants showing contrasting responses to salinity, we exploited the power of 2-de based proteomics to explore the proteome changes associated with salt stress response. our physiological observatio ... | 2014 | 24094368 |
| nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 exerts a negative effect on starch accumulation and growth in rice seedlings under high temperature and co2 concentration conditions. | nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (npp) is a widely distributed enzymatic activity occurring in both plants and mammals that catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown of the pyrophosphate and phosphodiester bonds of a number of nucleotides. unlike mammalian npps, the physiological function of plant npps remains largely unknown. using a complete rice npp1-encoding cdna as a probe, in this work we have screened a rice shoot cdna library and obtained complete cdnas corresponding to six npp gene ... | 2014 | 24092883 |
| the use of rice seeds to produce human pharmaceuticals for oral therapy. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is the major staple food consumed by half of the world's population. rice seeds have gained recent attention as bioreactors for the production of human pharmaceuticals such as therapeutic proteins or peptides. rice seed production platforms have many advantages over animal cell or microbe systems in terms of cost-effectiveness, scalability, safety, product stability and productivity. rice seed-based human pharmaceuticals are expected to become innovative therapies as edibl ... | 2013 | 24092672 |
| fine mapping and characterization of a novel dwarf and narrow-leaf mutant dnl1 in rice. | plant height is one of the most important agronomic traits of rice (oryza sativa). dwarf mutants are ideal materials for research on the mechanisms of regulation of rice plant height. we examined a new dwarf and narrow-leaf mutant dnl1. phenotypic analysis showed that the dnl1 mutant has a thinner culm and more tillers, but the number of grains per panicle, the seed setting rate and the grain weight of dnl1 mutant were found to be significantly lower than in the wild-type. based on scanning elec ... | 2013 | 24085445 |
| morpho-anatomical characterization of mature embryo-derived callus of rice (oryza sativa l.) suitable for transformation. | the objective of this study was to morpho-anatomically characterize embryogenic rice calli during early induction of somatic embryogenesis of three brazilian rice cultivars. herein, we explored embryogenic units (eus) from 2-week-old cut proliferated calli to verify whether they were suitable for agrobacterium tumefasciens-mediated transformation. histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy (sem) were used to analyze these types of calli during early rice callogenesis in the cultivars ... | 2014 | 24085343 |
| identification and diversity of functional centromere satellites in the wild rice species oryza brachyantha. | the centromere is a key chromosomal component for sister chromatid cohesion and is the site for kinetochore assembly and spindle fiber attachment, allowing each sister chromatid to faithfully segregate to each daughter cell during cell division. it is not clear what types of sequences act as functional centromeres and how centromere sequences are organized in oryza brachyantha, an ff genome species. in this study, we found that the three classes of centromere-specific cento-f satellites (cento-f ... | 2013 | 24077888 |
| hypolipidemic effect of goami-3 rice (oryza sativa l. cv. goami-3) on c57bl/6j mice is mediated by the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and -γ. | we investigated the hypolipidemic effects of goami-3 rice (gr; oryza sativa l. cv. goami-3), a newly developed strain with high levels of amylose and fibers. diet-induced obese mice were fed three types of isocaloric diets for 8 weeks: a high-fat diet, a high-fat diet with gr or control rice (cr; o. sativa l. cv. ilpumbyeo). mice fed gr exhibited a significant reduction in body fat (-23%), total cholesterol (-20%) and triglyceride concentrations (-30%) compared to mice fed cr. the mice fed gr sh ... | 2013 | 24075903 |
| flavonoids from the grains of c1/r-s transgenic rice, the transgenic oryza sativa spp. japonica, and their radical scavenging activities. | the transgenic rice cultivar of oryza sativa spp. japonica cv. hwa-young, c1/r-s transgenic rice (c1/r-s rice), is a flavonoid-rich cultivar of rice. the grains of c1/r-s rice were extracted with aqueous meoh, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with etoac, n-buoh, and h2o, successively. repeated silica gel, octadecyl silica gel (ods), and sephadex lh-20 column chromatographies for the etoac and n-buoh fractions afforded four new flavonoids (compounds 2, 3, 7, and 8) along with four kno ... | 2013 | 24070395 |
| response of rice nitrogen physiology to high nighttime temperature during vegetative stage. | the effects of night temperature on plant morphology and nitrogen accumulation were examined in rice (oryza sativa l.) during vegetative growth. the results showed that the shoot biomass of the plants was greater at 27°c (high nighttime temperature, hnt) than at 22°c (ck). however, the increase in both shoot and root biomasses was not significant under 10 mg n/l. the shoot nitrogen concentrations were 16.1% and 16.7% higher in hnt than in ck under 160 and 40 mg n/l. these results suggest that pl ... | 2013 | 24068885 |
| identification of a new locus conferring antixenosis to the brown planthopper in rice cultivar swarnalata (oryza sativa l.). | the brown planthopper [nilaparvata lugens (stål); bph] has caused severe damage to rice production. the identification of resistance genes and the development of bph-resistant varieties are economical and effective ways to manage this pest. using an f2 population from a cross between the indica cultivars 93-11 and swarnalata, we mapped the qbph-8 locus to a 7.3-cm region on chromosome 8 in two tests, flanked by the markers rm339 and rm515. in this population, qbph-8 explained 7.7 and 6.6% of the ... | 2013 | 24065663 |
| association mapping of starch physicochemical properties with starch biosynthesizing genes in waxy rice (oryza sativa l.). | waxy (glutinous) rice is widely used in traditional foods, and understanding the genetic bases of its diverse physicochemical properties will contribute to breeding of new waxy rice with unique qualities. the objective of this study was to investigate the genetic relationship between the starch biosynthesis related genes and the physicochemical properties of waxy rice using association mapping. a total of 36 molecular markers representing 18 genes were used to genotype 50 waxy rice accessions fo ... | 2013 | 24063600 |
| genome-wide copy number variations in oryza sativa l. | copy number variation (cnv) can lead to intra-specific genome variations. it is not only part of normal genetic variation, but also is the source of phenotypic differences. rice (oryza sativa l.) is a model organism with a well-annotated genome, but investigation of cnvs in rice lags behind its mammalian counterparts. | 2013 | 24059626 |
| mutation of the light-induced yellow leaf 1 gene, which encodes a geranylgeranyl reductase, affects chlorophyll biosynthesis and light sensitivity in rice. | chlorophylls (chls) are crucial for capturing light energy for photosynthesis. although several genes responsible for chl biosynthesis were characterized in rice (oryza sativa), the genetic properties of the hydrogenating enzyme involved in the final step of chl synthesis remain unknown. in this study, we characterized a rice light-induced yellow leaf 1-1 (lyl1-1) mutant that is hypersensitive to high-light and defective in the chl synthesis. light-shading experiment suggested that the yellowing ... | 2013 | 24058671 |
| genomewide variation in an introgression line of rice-zizania revealed by whole-genome re-sequencing. | hybridization between genetically diverged organisms is known as an important avenue that drives plant genome evolution. the possible outcomes of hybridization would be the occurrences of genetic instabilities in the resultant hybrids. it remained under-investigated however whether pollination by alien pollens of a closely related but sexually "incompatible" species could evoke genomic changes and to what extent it may result in phenotypic novelties in the derived progenies. | 2013 | 24058573 |
| stress responsive proteins are actively regulated during rice (oryza sativa) embryogenesis as indicated by quantitative proteomics analysis. | embryogenesis is the initial step in a plant's life, and the molecular changes that occur during embryonic development are largely unknown. to explore the relevant molecular events, we used the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (itraq) coupled with the shotgun proteomics technique (itraq/shotgun) to study the proteomic changes of rice embryos during embryogenesis. for the first time, a total of 2 165 unique proteins were identified in rice embryos, and the abundances of 867 ... | 2013 | 24058531 |
| black rice and anthocyanins induce inhibition of cholesterol absorption in vitro. | black rice (oryza sativa l.) is often associated with blood lipid control. this study systematically assessed the inhibition of cholesterol absorption in vitro by black rice and explored cholesterol-lowering compounds present in this rice. our results indicated that black rice extracts (bre), which were aqueous, ethanol extracts and a fraction of macroporous resin caused the reduction of cholesterol absorption by inhibiting pancreatic lipase, decreasing the micellar cholesterol solubility and su ... | 2013 | 24056583 |
| phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity in rice (oryza sativa l.) grains at four stages of development after flowering. | this study investigated differences in total phenolic content (tpc), antioxidant capacity, and phenolic acids in free, conjugated and bound fractions of white (unpolished), red and black rice at 1-, 2-, and 3-weeks of grain development after flowering and at maturity. unlike the tpc (mg/100g) of white rice (14.6-33.4) and red rice (66.8-422.2) which was significantly higher at 1-week than at later stages, the tpc of black rice (56.5-82.0) was highest at maturity. the antioxidant capacity measure ... | 2014 | 24054217 |
| structural analysis of a calmodulin variant from rice: the c-terminal extension of oscam61 regulates its calcium binding and enzyme activation properties. | oscam61 is one of five calmodulins known to be present in oryza sativa that relays the increase of cytosolic [ca(2+)] to downstream targets. oscam61 bears a unique c-terminal extension with a prenylation site. using nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy we studied the behavior of the calmodulin (cam) domain and the c-terminal extension of oscam61 in the absence and presence of ca(2+). nmr dynamics data for oscam61 indicate that the two lobes of the cam domain act together unlike the inde ... | 2013 | 24052265 |
| a collection of glycosyltransferases from rice (oryza sativa) exposed to atrazine. | the rice (oryza sativa) gts belong to a super family possibly with hundreds of members. however, which gts are involved in plant response to toxic chemicals is unknown. here, we demonstrated 59 novel gt genes screened from our recent genome-wide sequencing datasets of rice crops exposed to atrazine (a herbicide persistent in ecosystems). analysis of gt genes showed that most of the gts contain functional domains typically found in proteins transferring glycosyl moieties to their target compounds ... | 2013 | 24042130 |
| transcriptomic analysis of uv-treated rice leaves reveals uv-induced phytoalexin biosynthetic pathways and their regulatory networks in rice. | rice produces diterpenoid and flavonoid phytoalexins for defense against pathogen attack. the production of phytoalexins in rice is also induced by uv-irradiation. to understand the metabolic networks involved in uv-induced phytoalexin biosynthesis and their regulation, phytochemical and transcriptomic analyses of uv-treated rice leaves were performed. in response to uv treatment, the accumulation of flavonoids was observed in rice leaves, which may serve as antioxidants against uv-induced oxida ... | 2013 | 24035516 |
| a whole-genome snp array (rice6k) for genomic breeding in rice. | the advances in genotyping technology provide an opportunity to use genomic tools in crop breeding. as compared to field selections performed in conventional breeding programmes, genomics-based genotype screen can potentially reduce number of breeding cycles and more precisely integrate target genes for particular traits into an ideal genetic background. we developed a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) array, rice6k, based on infinium technology, using representative snps selecte ... | 2014 | 24034357 |
| light induces jasmonate-isoleucine conjugation via osjar1-dependent and -independent pathways in rice. | the bioactive form of jasmonate is the conjugate of the amino acid isoleucine (ile) with jasmonic acid (ja), which is biosynthesized in a reaction catalysed by the gh3 enzyme jasmonate resistant 1 (jar1). we examined the biochemical properties of osjar1 and its involvement in photomorphogenesis of rice (oryza sativa). osjar1 has a similar substrate specificities as its orthologue in arabidopsis. however, osjar1 loss-of-function mutants did not show as severe coleoptile phenotypes as the ja-defic ... | 2014 | 24033451 |
| genes for iron-sulphur cluster assembly are targets of abiotic stress in rice, oryza sativa. | iron-sulphur (fe-s) cluster assembly occurs in chloroplasts, mitochondria and cytosol, involving dozens of genes in higher plants. in this study, we have identified 41 putative fe-s cluster assembly genes in rice (oryza sativa) genome, and the expression of all genes was verified. to investigate the role of fe-s cluster assembly as a metabolic pathway, we applied abiotic stresses to rice seedlings and analysed fe-s cluster assembly gene expression by qrt-pcr. our data showed that genes for fe-s ... | 2014 | 24028141 |
| [accumulation of s, fe and cd in rhizosphere of rice and their uptake in rice with different water managements]. | the interactions between the concentrations of sulfur, iron and cadmium in the rhizosphere and their uptakes in rice (oryza sativa l. ) were studied using paddy soil which was contaminated by acid mine drainage under five water-management treatments of 60%, 80%, 100% field moisture capacity (fmc), flooded throughout the entire rice growth period and flooded followed by keeping 80% fmc after heading-flowering period. the water managements had no significant influence on the fe and cd concentratio ... | 2013 | 24028021 |
| osfie2 plays an essential role in the regulation of rice vegetative and reproductive development. | polycomb group (pcg) proteins are gene repressors that help to maintain cellular identity during development via chromatin remodeling. fertilization-independent endosperm (fie), a member of the pcg complex, operates extensively in plant development, but its role in rice has not been fully investigated to date. we report the isolation and characterization of a pcg member in rice, which was designated osfie2 for oryza sativa fertilization-independent endosperm 2. osfie2 is a single-copy gene in th ... | 2014 | 24020752 |
| deficiency of phytochrome b alleviates chilling-induced photoinhibition in rice. | | 2013 | 24018854 |
| a receptor-like protein rmc is involved in regulation of iron acquisition in rice. | iron (fe) is one of the essential mineral elements for plant growth and development. acquisition of fe by plants is mediated by a complex network involving fe mobilization, uptake by root cells, and transport within plants. here, we evaluated the role of a previously clarified gene encoding a receptor-like protein from rice, osrmc, in the regulation of fe acquisition by comparing fe concentration, biomass, and expression patterns of genes associated with fe mobilization and transport in wild-typ ... | 2013 | 24014863 |
| phytochrome c is a key factor controlling long-day flowering in barley. | the spring-type near isogenic line (nil) of the winter-type barley (hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) var. hayakiso 2 (hk2) was developed by introducing vernalization-h1 (vrn-h1) for spring growth habit from the spring-type var. indo omugi. contrary to expectations, the spring-type nil flowered later than winter-type hk2. this phenotypic difference was controlled by a single gene, which cosegregated only with phytochrome c (hvphyc) among three candidates around the vrn-h1 region (vrn-h1, hvphyc, and ... | 2013 | 24014575 |
| effect of submerged and solid-state fermentation on pigment and citrinin production by monascus purpureus. | monascus pigments, which are produced by various species of monascus, often have been used as a natural colourant and as traditional natural food additives, especially in southern china, japan and southeastern asia. the limitation of wide using monascus pigment is attributed to one of its secondary metabolites named citrinin. the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pigment and citrinin production via submerged fermentation (smf) and solid-state fermentation (sf) from rice (oryz ... | 2013 | 24013899 |
| rice wuschel-related homeobox 3a (oswox3a) modulates auxin-transport gene expression in lateral root and root hair development. | coordinated regulation of the many genes controlling leaf, flower, and root development determines the phenotypes of plants; this regulation requires exquisite control of many transcription factors, including the wuschel-related homeobox (wox) family. we recently reported that rice (oryza sativa) wuschel-related homeobox 3a (oswox3a) plays important roles in organ development, including lateral-axis outgrowth and vasculature patterning in leaves, lemma and palea morphogenesis in spikelets, and t ... | 2013 | 24002214 |
| comparative quantitative analysis of headspace volatiles and their association with badh2 marker in non-basmati scented, basmati and non-scented rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars of india. | for the first time, 91 indian rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars, belonging to non-basmati scented (77), basmati (9) and non-scented (5) categories, were quantitatively analysed for 23 headspace volatiles. in addition, the badh2 marker related to 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2ap) synthesis is validated among the cultivars representing these categories. the non-basmati scented cultivars (15) excelled in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2ap) content compared to basmati cultivars. the major aroma volatile (2ap) correl ... | 2014 | 24001856 |
| water deficit and aluminum tolerance are associated with a high antioxidative enzyme capacity in indica rice seedlings. | plant growth and productivity are greatly affected due to changes in the environmental conditions. in the present investigation, the interactive effects of two important abiotic stresses, i.e., water deficit and al toxicity, were examined in the seedlings of two rice (oryza sativa l.) cvs. malviya-36 (water deficit/al sensitive) and vandana (water deficit/al tolerant). when 15 days grown seedlings were exposed to water deficit (created with 15 % polyethylene glycol 6000) or al (1 mm alcl3) treat ... | 2014 | 23996324 |
| open-pit coal-mining effects on rice paddy soil composition and metal bioavailability to oryza sativa l. plants in cam pha, northeastern vietnam. | this study quantified cd, pb, and cu content, and the soil-plant transfer factors of these elements in rice paddies within cam pha, quang ninh province, northeastern vietnam. the rice paddies are located at a distance of 2 km from the large coc sau open-pit coal mine. electron microprobe analysis combined with backscattered electron imaging and energy-dispersive spectroscopy revealed a relatively high proportion of carbon particles rimmed by an iron sulfide mineral (probably pyrite) in the quart ... | 2013 | 23990254 |
| the rice reduced culm number11 gene controls vegetative growth under low-temperature conditions in paddy fields independent of rcn1/osabcg5. | low temperature tolerance during vegetative growth is an important objective in rice (oryza sativa l.) breeding programs. we isolated a novel reduced culm number mutant, designated reduced culm number11 (rcn11), by screening under low-temperature condition in a paddy fields. since the shoot architecture of the rcn11 was very similar to that of the rcn1, we examined whether rcn11 is involved in rcn1/osabcg5-associated vegetative growth control. the rcn11 mutant has no mutation in the rcn1/osabcg5 ... | 2013 | 23987813 |
| a natural variant of nal1, selected in high-yield rice breeding programs, pleiotropically increases photosynthesis rate. | improvement of leaf photosynthesis is an important strategy for greater crop productivity. here we show that the quantitative trait locus gps (green for photosynthesis) in rice (oryza sativa l.) controls photosynthesis rate by regulating carboxylation efficiency. map-based cloning revealed that gps is identical to nal1 (narrow leaf1), a gene previously reported to control lateral leaf growth. the high-photosynthesis allele of gps was found to be a partial loss-of-function allele of nal1. this al ... | 2013 | 23985993 |
| a bac physical map of aus rice cultivar 'kasalath', and the map-based genomic sequence of 'kasalath' chromosome 1. | comparative analysis using available genomic resources within closely related species is an effective way to investigate genomic sequence and structural diversity. rice (oryza sativa l.) has undergone significant physiological and morphological changes during its domestication and local adaptation. we present a complete bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) physical map for the aus rice cultivar 'kasalath', which covers 90% of the sequence of temperate japonica rice cultivar 'nipponbare'. examin ... | 2013 | 23980637 |
| disruption of the rice plastid ribosomal protein s20 leads to chloroplast developmental defects and seedling lethality. | plastid ribosomal proteins (prps) are essential for ribosome biogenesis, plastid protein biosynthesis, chloroplast differentiation, and early chloroplast development. this study identifies the first rice prp mutant, asl1 (albino seedling lethality1), which exhibits an albino lethal phenotype at the seedling stage. this albino phenotype was associated with altered chlorophyll (chl) content and chloroplast development. map-based cloning revealed that asl1 encodes prp s20 (prps20), which localizes ... | 2013 | 23979931 |
| effects of plant genotype and nitrogen level on bacterial communities in rice shoots and roots. | to examine whether microbial community structure differs across rice genotypes, automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (arisa) was conducted. nine cultivars of oryza sativa ssp. indica or japonica and seven lines of other oryza species were grown in paddy fields with low, standard, and high levels of n fertilization. multidimensional scaling plots of bacterial arisa for aerial parts of rice (shoots) revealed that the structure of shoot bacterial communities was significantly affected by ... | 2013 | 23979487 |
| accumulation of nitrate and nitrite in chilled leaves of rice seedlings is induced by high root temperature. | we previously found a novel type of chilling injury in the leaves of rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv. akitakomachi). the damage was only observed when the roots were not chilled (10 °c/25 °c, shoots/roots), but not when the whole seedling was chilled (10 °c/10 °c). in this report, we show that the chilling injury induced by high root temperature required nitrate and potassium together with a trace amount of iron, manganese or both in the nutrient solution during the treatment, and that the in ... | 2013 | 23975886 |
| heat shock factor oshsfb2b negatively regulates drought and salt tolerance in rice. | expression of oshsfb2b was strongly induced by heat, salt, aba and peg treatments. drought and salt tolerances were significantly decreased by oshsfb2b overexpression, but were enhanced by rna interference. | 2013 | 23949687 |
| characterization and fine mapping of a novel rice narrow leaf mutant nal9. | a narrow leaf mutant was isolated from transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) lines carrying a t-dna insertion. the mutant is characterized by narrow leaves during its whole growth period, and was named nal9 (narrow leaf 9). the mutant also has other phenotypes, such as light green leaves at the seedling stage, reduced plant height, a small panicle and increased tillering. genetic analysis revealed that the mutation is controlled by a single recessive gene. a hygromycin resistance assay showed that t ... | 2013 | 23945310 |
| isolation and characterisation of a dwarf rice mutant exhibiting defective gibberellins biosynthesis. | we have isolated a severe dwarf mutant derived from a ds (dissociation) insertion mutant rice (oryza sativa var. japonica c.v. dongjin). this severe dwarf phenotype, has short and dark green leaves, reduced shoot growth early in the seedling stage, and later severe dwarfism with failure to initiate flowering. when treated with bioactive ga3 , mutants are restored to the normal wild-type phenotype. reverse transcription pcr analyses of 22 candidate genes related to the gibberellin (ga) biosynthes ... | 2014 | 23944972 |
| characterization of photosystem i in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings upon exposure to random positioning machine. | to gain a better understanding of how photosynthesis is adapted under altered gravity forces, photosynthetic apparatus and its functioning were investigated in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings grown in a random positioning machine (rpm). a decrease in fresh weight and dry weight was observed in rice seedlings grown under rpm condition. no significant changes were found in the chloroplast ultrastructure and total chlorophyll content between the rpm and control samples. analyses of chlorophyll flu ... | 2013 | 23943138 |
| effect of enhanced uv-b radiation and low-energy n⁺ ion beam radiation on the response of photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation in rice (oryza sativa) seedlings. | to understand the effect of enhanced uv-b radiation and low-energy n(+) ion beam radiation on the response of photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation in rice seedlings, oryza sativa was exposed to three different doses of low-energy n(+) ion beam and enhanced uv-b alone and in combination. enhanced uv-b caused a marked decline in some photosynthetic parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance) and photosynthetic pigments, whereas it induc ... | 2013 | 23943011 |
| dissecting yield-associated loci in super hybrid rice by resequencing recombinant inbred lines and improving parental genome sequences. | the growing world population and shrinkage of arable land demand yield improvement of rice, one of the most important staple crops. to elucidate the genetic basis of yield and uncover its associated loci in rice, we resequenced the core recombinant inbred lines of liang-you-pei-jiu, the widely cultivated super hybrid rice, and constructed a high-resolution linkage map. we detected 43 yield-associated quantitative trait loci, of which 20 are unique. based on the high-density physical map, the gen ... | 2013 | 23940322 |
| can exploiting natural genetic variation in leaf photosynthesis contribute to increasing rice productivity? a simulation analysis. | rice productivity can be limited by available photosynthetic assimilates from leaves. however, the lack of significant correlation between crop yield and leaf photosynthetic rate (a) is noted frequently. engineering for improved leaf photosynthesis has been argued to yield little increase in crop productivity because of complicated constraints and feedback mechanisms when moving up from leaf to crop level. here we examined the extent to which natural genetic variation in a can contribute to incr ... | 2014 | 23937619 |
| unique and conserved micrornas in wheat chromosome 5d revealed by next-generation sequencing. | micrornas are a class of short, non-coding, single-stranded rnas that act as post-transcriptional regulators in gene expression. mirna analysis of triticum aestivum chromosome 5d was performed on 454 gs flx titanium sequences of flow-sorted chromosome 5d with a total of 3,208,630 good quality reads representing 1.34x and 1.61x coverage of the short (5ds) and long (5dl) arms of the chromosome respectively. in silico and structural analyses revealed a total of 55 mirnas; 48 and 42 mirnas were foun ... | 2013 | 23936103 |
| crystal structures of α-dioxygenase from oryza sativa: insights into substrate binding and activation by hydrogen peroxide. | α-dioxygenases (α-dox) are heme-containing enzymes found predominantly in plants and fungi, where they generate oxylipins in response to pathogen attack. α-dox oxygenate a variety of 14-20 carbon fatty acids containing up to three unsaturated bonds through stereoselective removal of the pro-r hydrogen from the α-carbon by a tyrosyl radical generated via the oxidation of the heme moiety by hydrogen peroxide (h2 o2 ). we determined the x-ray crystal structures of wild type α-dox from oryza sativa, ... | 2013 | 23934749 |
| evidence of sibling species between two host-associated populations of brown planthopper, n. lugens (stål) (homoptera: delphacidea) complex based on morphology and host-plant relationship studies. | morphological and host-plant relationship studies were conducted to differentiate two sympatric populations of brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens, one from rice (oryza sativa) and the other from leersia hexandra, a weed grass. in morphometric studies based on esterase activities, an upgma dendrogram using 17 quantitative morphological characters, including stridulatory organs (courtship signal-producing organs) between two sympatric populations of n. lugens, one from rice and the other ... | 2013 | 23932255 |
| functional delineation of rice mads29 reveals its role in embryo and endosperm development by affecting hormone homeostasis. | rice mads29 has recently been reported to cause programmed cell death of maternal tissues, the nucellus, and the nucellar projection during early stages of seed development. however, analyses involving osmads29 protein expression domains and characterization of osmads29 gain-of-function and knockdown phenotypes revealed novel aspects of its function in maintaining hormone homeostasis, which may have a role in the development of embryo and plastid differentiation and starch filling in endosperm c ... | 2013 | 23929654 |
| the effects of free-air co₂ enrichment (face) on carbon and nitrogen accumulation in grains of rice (oryza sativa l.). | rising atmospheric co₂ concentrations will probably increase rice (oryza sativa l.) yield but decrease grain nitrogen (gn) concentration. grains attached to different positions in the panicles differ greatly in weight and quality, but their responses to elevated co₂ (e[co₂]) are poorly understood, which limits our understanding of the mechanisms of yield enhancement and quality degradation. thus a free-air co₂ enrichment experiment was conducted to examine the effects of e[co₂] on grain mass (gm ... | 2013 | 23918962 |
| bridging the genotyping gap: using genotyping by sequencing (gbs) to add high-density snp markers and new value to traditional bi-parental mapping and breeding populations. | genotyping by sequencing (gbs) is the latest application of next-generation sequencing protocols for the purposes of discovering and genotyping snps in a variety of crop species and populations. unlike other high-density genotyping technologies which have mainly been applied to general interest "reference" genomes, the low cost of gbs makes it an attractive means of saturating mapping and breeding populations with a high density of snp markers. one barrier to the widespread use of gbs has been t ... | 2013 | 23918062 |
| molecular identification and analysis of cd-responsive micrornas in rice. | cadmium (cd) is a non-essential heavy metal with high toxicity to plants. micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small non-coding rnas that play important roles in plant abiotic stress responses. to investigate whether mirnas function in cd stress response, mirna expression profiles in rice ( oryza sativa ) under cd stress were monitored using microarray assays. a total of 12 cd-responsive novel mirnas predicted previously were identified, of which 4 were further validated experimentally. a total of ... | 2013 | 23909695 |
| responses of free amino acids in rice seedlings during cyanide metabolism. | responses of free amino acids to botanical assimilation of free cyanide were investigated. young rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv. xzx 45) were grown in nutrient solution amended with free cyanide (kcn). cyanide was analyzed in solution as well as in plant materials to estimate the phyto-assimilation potential. free amino acids in different parts of plants were also measured to determine metabolic responses to kcn exposure. phyto-assimilation of kcn was obvious, and the rates were positively c ... | 2014 | 23907255 |
| a novel 5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate (epsp) synthase transgene for glyphosate resistance stimulates growth and fecundity in weedy rice (oryza sativa) without herbicide. | understanding evolutionary interactions among crops and weeds can facilitate effective weed management. for example, gene flow from crops to their wild or weedy relatives can lead to rapid evolution in recipient populations. in rice (oryza sativa), transgenic herbicide resistance is expected to spread to conspecific weedy rice (oryza sativa f. spontanea) via hybridization. here, we studied fitness effects of transgenic over-expression of a native 5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (eps ... | 2014 | 23905647 |
| a comprehensive genetic study reveals a crucial role of cyp90d2/d2 in regulating plant architecture in rice (oryza sativa). | brassinosteroids (brs) are essential regulators of plant architecture. understanding how brs control plant height and leaf angle would facilitate development of new plant type varieties by biotechnology. a number of mutants involved in br biosynthesis have been isolated but many of them lack detailed genetic analysis. here, we report the isolation and characterization of a severe dwarf mutant, chromosome segment deleted dwarf 1 (csdd1), which was deficient in br biosynthesis in rice. we isolated ... | 2013 | 23902579 |
| differences in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-improved rice resistance to low temperature at two n levels: aspects of n and c metabolism on the plant side. | we performed an experiment to determine how n and c metabolism is involved in the low-temperature tolerance of mycorrhizal rice (oryza sativa) at different n levels and examined the possible signaling molecules involved in the stress response of mycorrhizal rice. pot cultures were performed, and mycorrhizal rice growth was evaluated based on treatments at two temperatures (15 °c and 25 °c) and two n levels (20 mg pot(-1) and 50 mg pot(-1)). the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) colonization of ... | 2013 | 23896605 |
| plant omics: genome-wide analysis of aba repressor1 (abr1) related genes in rice during abiotic stress and development. | rice is one of the world's most important food crops. approximately 50% of rice production is affected by drought, an abiotic stress greatly impacting crop quality and yield. agrigenomics research now offers the promise of understanding the drought stress impacts at a systems level. aba repressor 1 (abr1) is a member of the ethylene-responsive element-binding factor (erf/ap2) superfamily of erf transcription factors. we report here a global expression analysis of the rice abr1-related genes wher ... | 2013 | 23895290 |