| selective synaptic distribution of ampa and kainate receptor subunits in the outer plexiform layer of the carp retina. | the subunit composition of ionotropic glutamate receptors (glurs) is extremely diverse and responsible for the diversity of postsynaptic responses to the release of glutamate, which is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the retina. to understand the functional consequences of this diversity, it is necessary to reveal the synaptic localization and subunit composition of glurs. we have used immuno light and electron microscopy to localize ampa and kainate (glur1, glur2/3, glur4, glur5-7) sub ... | 2001 | 11406824 |
| assessment of ovulation of common carp (cyprinus carpio) females selected for induced spawning on the basis of external morphological characteristics. | secondary sexual characteristics such as softening and rounding of the abdomen as well as reddening and protrusion of the anal papilla and vent can be of help to breeders in selecting common carp (cyprinus carpio) females prepared for propagation. to assess the reliability of this method, long-term data obtained on induced spawning of common carp at a large-scale fish hatchery were evaluated. the average spawning ratio of 2,620 females receiving hormonal injections was 79.8%. the average pseudog ... | 2000 | 11402668 |
| profenofos residues in wild fish from cotton-growing areas of new south wales, australia. | the organophosphorus (op) pesticide profenofos (o-4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl o-ethyl s-propyl phosphorothioate) is used heavily in cotton-growing areas of eastern australia toward the end of the growing season. european carp (cyprinus carpio), bony bream (nematalosa erebi), and mosquitofish (gambusia holbrooki) were collected from the cotton-growing areas around wee waa, new south wales, to determine the relationship between profenofos residues and acetyl-cholinesterase (ache) activity in wild fish. ... | 2015 | 11401263 |
| cortisol affects testicular development in male common carp, cyprinus carpio l., but not via an effect on lh secretion. | previous work showed that prolonged elevated cortisol levels, implicated in the stress adaptation, inhibits testicular pubertal development in male common carp, as well as an impairment of the synthesis of the 11-oxygenated androgens. this may be a direct effect of cortisol on the testis or via the gonadotropin secretion by the pituitary. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether cortisol has an effect on pituitary lh secretion. juvenile common carp were fed with cortisol containin ... | 2001 | 11399504 |
| molecular cloning of carp (cyprinus carpio) c-type lectin and pentraxin by use of suppression subtractive hybridisation. | | 2001 | 11394694 |
| accumulation and partition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (pcdd/f) in the muscle and liver of fish. | the present study monitored fish from sites contaminated for many years, and the data reflected the results of actual, long-term environmental exposure. the sum concentrations and teqs of pcdd/f in the muscle of common carp (cyprinus carpio (linnaeus)) and big head (aristichthys nobilis) from the different site of a heavily polluted lake in china are decreased with decrease of pcdd/f concentration in sediment and water. concentration in fish can be highly variable, but the concentration is compa ... | 2016 | 11372847 |
| effects of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone on the function of carp, cyprinus carpio, phagocytes in vitro. | the modulation of phagocytic cells by beta-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone and progesterone was analyzed in common carp cyprinus carpio. carp kidney leukocytes were cultured in rpmi 1640 medium containing 0.1, 1, 10, 100 or 1000 nm concentration of each hormone. the production of superoxide anion, nitric oxide (no) and phagocytosis were measured in vitro. similar concentrations of cortisol were used as control. phagocytic activities of carp macrophages was suppressed by treatment with beta-estrad ... | 2001 | 11369300 |
| heat shock stimulation of a tilapia heat shock protein 70 promoter is mediated by a distal element. | we reported previously that a tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus) heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) promoter is able to confer heat shock response on a reporter gene after transient expression both in cell culture and in microinjected zebrafish embryos. here we present the first functional analysis of a fish hsp70 promoter, the tihsp70 promoter. using transient expression experiments in carp epc (epithelioma papulosum cyprini) cells and in microinjected zebrafish embryos, we show that a distal heat sh ... | 2001 | 11368761 |
| morphological and metabolic changes in common carp, cyprinus carpio, during short-term copper exposure: interactions between cu2+ and plasma cortisol elevation. | the effects of increased endogenous cortisol levels were compared with those of sublethal copper exposure in the freshwater common carp, cyprinus carpio. fish were exposed to either increased levels of endogenous cortisol (200 ng/ml) or sublethal copper (1.9 microm) alone or were pretreated by elevating plasma cortisol levels prior to copper exposure to assess whether interactions between both treatments occurred. effects induced by increased cortisol levels included increased na+/k(+)-adenosine ... | 2001 | 11351438 |
| a mechanistic model for the uptake of waterborne strontium in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the release of radioactive strontium to the environment is of concern due to the strong accumulation of this calcium resembling element in the bone and other tissues. to predict the effects of changes in environmental conditions on the uptake of sr2+ and ca2+ by freshwater fish, a michaelis-menten type model is introduced that accounts for the effects of chemical speciation, hydrogen ion activity, and metal ion competition. the uptake kinetics were characterized in vivo from short-term exposure ... | 2001 | 11349276 |
| simulation of acid-base condition and copper speciation in the fish gill microenvironment. | ph, alkalinity, and mucus content in the fish gill microenvironment of carp (cyprinus carpio) were measured by exposing fish to copper at various water ph levels using an apparatus which separates inspired and expired water. the relationship between ph levels inside and outside of the gill microenvironment, between ph and alkalinity, and between mucus secretion, ph, and copper exposure concentration were modeled. copper speciation in the surrounding water and in the fish gill microenvironment wa ... | 2001 | 11339403 |
| zn2+ differentially modulates signals from red- and short wavelength-sensitive cones to horizontal cells in carp retina. | the effects of zn2+ were studied while recording intracellularly from l-type horizontal cells (lhcs) in the isolated, superfused carp retina. in darkness, 25 microm zn2+ hyperpolarized lhcs and potentiated responses of these cells to 500 nm flashes, but decreased those to 680 nm flashes. zn2+ did not change photopic electroretinographic p iii responses. the differential modulation by zn2+ persisted when the zn2+-induced membrane hyperpolarization was compensated by lowering ca2+ concentration in ... | 2001 | 11325351 |
| starvation-induced pathobiology in the gut of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | in order to assess the effects of starvation on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (i-iel) count and histological changes of the carp gut mucosa, one group of fish (n = 10) were fed commercially prepared standard diets and another group of fish (n = 10) were starved for 4 weeks. carp starved for 4 weeks developed enteropathy, comprising folds atrophy, stratum compactum hyperplasia, significant periodic-acid-schiff (pas)-positive (p < 0.00001), but not alcian blue (alb)-positive, goblet cell ... | 2003 | 11314585 |
| identification of beta-endorphins in the pituitary gland and blood plasma of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). | carp beta-endorphin is posttranslationally modified by n-terminal acetylation and c-terminal cleavage. these processes determine the biological activity of the beta-endorphins. forms of beta-endorphin were identified in the pars intermedia and the pars distalis of the pituitary gland of the common carp (cyprinus carpio), as well as the forms released in vitro and into the blood. after separation and quantitation by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) coupled with radioimmunoassay, the ... | 2001 | 11312144 |
| analysis of spontaneous epscs in retinal horizontal cells of the carp. | spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sepscs) were recorded under whole-cell voltage clamp from carp type 1 horizontal cells (h1 cells) uncoupled by dopamine in retinal slices. red light steps, which hyperpolarise cones and reduce glutamate release, induced outward current responses accompanied by a suppression of sepscs. sepscs decayed exponentially with a mean time constant of 0.71+/-0.07 ms and had a reversal potential near 0 mv. power spectral analysis of sepscs revealed a similar de ... | 2001 | 11311408 |
| a new syndrome with craniofacial and skeletal dysmorphisms and developmental delay. | we report a 16-year-old boy with multiple craniofacial and skeletal dysmorphic features including brachycephaly, acrocephaly, hypertelorism, wide palpebral fissures, broad nose, anteverted nares, broad columella, long and smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, macrostomia, carp-like mouth, micrognathia, low-set and posteriorly angulated ears with small and abnormal pinnae, a low posterior hairline, a short neck, hypoplastic and widely-spaced nipples, multiple severe pterygia, an umbilical hernia, meta ... | 2001 | 11311002 |
| a peptide derived from the c-terminal part of a plant cysteine protease folds into a stack of two beta-hairpins, a scaffold present in the emerging family of granulin-like growth factors. | a 35 amino acid residue peptide corresponding to the n-terminal subdomain of the granulin-like repeat from rice oryzain beta was synthesized and regioselectively oxidized to produce a species with a [1-3, 2-4] disulfide-pairing pattern. the resulting peptide was studied in solution using nmr and was shown to adopt the tertiary topology of a stack of two beta-hairpins found in the emerging family of granulin-like growth factors. because of the longer second beta-hairpin, the overall conformation ... | 2001 | 11298924 |
| signals from cone photoreceptors to l-type horizontal cells are differentially modulated by low calcium in carp retina. | ca2+ plays crucial roles in both phototransduction and calcium-dependent glutamate release from the photoreceptor terminal. modulation, by lowering extracellular ca2+, of red-sensitive (r-) and short wavelength-sensitive (s-) cone-driven light responses of l-type horizontal cells (lhcs) was studied in the isolated superfused carp retina using intracellular recording techniques. low ca2+ (nominally ca2+-free) ringer's reduced responses of lhcs to both green (500 nm) and red (680 nm) flashes in da ... | 2001 | 11298802 |
| fine structure of the skin cells of a stenohaline freshwater fish cyprinus carpio exposed to diluted seawater. | seawater diluted to half (1.750% salinity) is lethal for adult carps after 3 h and 15 min. at lower salinities (0.350%-0.875%), the fish survived for longer periods, but only 0.175% salinity was innocuous. in carps, adapted to 0.175% salinity, the secretory activity of pavement cells was very high and their external ridges flattened or even disappeared. mucus secretion was conspicuous, characterized by holocriny of old cells and apparition of young ones in large numbers. the intracellular mucus ... | 2001 | 11292170 |
| micronuclei monitoring of fishes from lake paranoá, under influence of sewage treatment plant discharges. | fish micronuclei tests (mn) were used to evaluate the ability of wastewater from two municipal sewage treatment plants that empty into lake paranoá to cause genetic damage. there were no significant differences in the frequencies of micronuclei between the control and hypertrophic areas. in contrast, cyclophosphamide and mitomycin c, used to test the sensitivity of the biological assay, significantly increased the micronuclei counts in tilapia rendalli, oreochromis niloticus and cyprinus carpio, ... | 2001 | 11287296 |
| unique biochemical nature of carp retinol-binding protein. n-linked glycosylation and uncleavable nh2-terminal signal peptide. | retinol transport and metabolism have been well characterized in mammals; however, very little is known in fish. to study the mechanism by which fish retinol-binding protein (rbp) is able to remain in plasma besides its small molecular size, we isolated rbp cdna from a carp liver cdna library. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with that of known vertebrate rbps showed that carp rbp has high homology to the other cloned vertebrate rbps, but it lacks the cooh-terminal tetrapeptide, rnl ... | 2001 | 11278316 |
| bioenergetics and rna/dna ratios in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) under hypoxia. | hypoxia caused by eutrophication occurs over large areas in aquatic systems worldwide. common carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to hypoxia (1 mg.o2.l(-1) and 2 mg.o2.l(-1)) for 1 week showed a significant reduction in feeding rate, respiration rate, faecal production and nitrogenous excretion compared to those maintained at normoxia (7 mg.o2.l(-1)). fish exposed to hypoxia showed negative scope for growth (sfg), but no significant difference in the specific growth rate was revealed after 1 week in ... | 2001 | 11263726 |
| long-term cortisol treatment inhibits pubertal development in male common carp, cyprinus carpio l. | the onset and regulation of puberty is determined by functional development of the brain-pituitary-gonad (bpg) axis. stress has been shown to interfere with reproduction and the functioning of the bpg axis. the response to chronic and severe stress may require much energy and force the organism to make adaptive choices. energy that is normally available for processes like growth, immune response, or reproduction will be channeled into restoration of the disturbed homeostasis. cortisol plays a ke ... | 2001 | 11259251 |
| tissue-specific expression of two metallothionein genes in common carp during cadmium exposure and temperature shock. | two metallothionein cdna isoforms (mt-1 and mt-2) were isolated from carp (cyprinus carpio) by rt-pcr. sequence analysis of the cdnas revealed two amino acid differences between the coding regions and markedly different 3'-untranslated ends. gene-specific primers were selected and used in rt-pcr reactions to measure the basal mt-1 and mt-2 mrna levels and to follow the inducer-specific expression of mt genes in different tissues during in vivo studies. in the brain and muscle, the uninduced leve ... | 2001 | 11255116 |
| effects of exhausting exercise and catecholamines on k+ balance, acid-base status and blood respiratory properties in carp. | the potential role of adrenergic mechanisms in the recovery of potassium balance and acid-base status following 5 min of exhausting exercise was studied in carp. the extracellular metabolic h+ load after exercise matched the lactate load, suggesting similar release rates of h+ and lactate from white muscle. blockage of alpha-adrenoceptors by phentolamine or beta-adrenoceptors by propranolol neither influenced absolute magnitudes nor recovery kinetics of extracellular h+ and lactate loads. the ar ... | 1998 | 11253799 |
| effects of zinc on lipids of erythrocytes from carp (cyprinus carpio l.) acclimated to different temperatures. | we compared the effect of zinc (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mm) at two temperatures (5 and 20 degrees c) on erythrocytes from summer and winter acclimatised carp. an increase in temperature from 5 to 20 degrees c increased the unsaturation index (ui) and relative proportion (ui/sfa) of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in total lipids of the red cells. at 5 degrees c, the unsaturation index of phosphatidylcholine (pc), phosphatidylserine (ps), phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) and phosphatidylinositol ( ... | 2000 | 11246505 |
| melatonin modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid(a) receptor-mediated currents on isolated carp retinal neurons. | modulation by melatonin of gamma-aminobutyric acid(a) (gaba(a)) receptor-mediated responses was studied in bipolar and amacrine-like cells acutely isolated from carp retina, using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. melatonin of 1 mm accelerated desensitization of the gaba(a) receptors at both bipolar and amacrine-like cells. in addition, 1 mm melatonin hardly changed the gaba(a) receptor-mediated response amplitude of bipolar cells, while it increased or decreased that of amacrine-like cells, ... | 2001 | 11239714 |
| an electrophysiological test of the effect of the temporal pattern of light adaptation on teleost h1 type horizontal cell plasticity. | the possible importance of the temporal pattern of photon delivery in light adaptation-induced physiological plasticity in the outer retina of carp was tested by intracellular recording. steady and flicker (3 hz) background adaptation was applied whilst recording chromatic voltage responses of h1 type horizontal cells (hcs) to 680 and 440 nm full-field test flashes (generating response amplitudes of v(r) and v(b), respectively). a third parameter v(b)/v(r) (b/r) was calculated as an indicator of ... | 2001 | 11239704 |
| dynamics of (cd,zn)-metallothioneins in gills, liver and kidney of common carp cyprinus carpio during cadmium exposure. | cadmium concentrations, (cd,zn)-metallothionein (mt) concentrations, mt synthesis and the relative amounts of cadmium bound to (cd,zn)-mts were determined in gills, liver and kidney of common carp cyprinus carpio exposed to 0, 0.5 microm (0.06 mg.l(-1)), 2.5 microm (0.28 mg.l(-1)) and 7 microm (0.79 mg.l(-1)) cd for up to 29 days. cadmium accumulation was in the order kidney > liver > gills. control levels of hepatic (cd,zn)-mt were four times higher compared to those of gills and kidney. no inc ... | 2001 | 11239687 |
| [effect of stannius corpuscles homogenates of carp on plasma calcium and phosphate in mice]. | | 2000 | 11236681 |
| hematology and clinical chemistry of cyprinid fish. common carp and goldfish. | evaluation of the clinical status in aquatic species is compromised by the limited diagnostic techniques that can be performed in these species. the hematologic and plasma chemistry parameters can provide predictive information, although these parameters can be highly variable owing to the influence of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. however, these parameters are fairly stable in acclimated, well-managed fish if stress is reduced during collection and samples are properly collected and ... | 1999 | 11229053 |
| quantification of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) zona radiata and vitellogenin mrna levels using real-time pcr after in vivo treatment with estradiol-17 beta or alpha-zearalenol. | estrogen receptor-mediated induction of zona radiata (zr) and vitellogenin (vtg) mrna and protein in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was compared to assess their utility as biomarkers for exposure to estrogenic compounds. partial sequences of rainbow trout zr and beta-actin were cloned by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using degenerate primers based on conserved regions across a number of species. a 549 bp fragment of the rainbow trout zr-gene showed a high degree o ... | 2000 | 11226827 |
| nerve growth factor induces light adaptive cellular and synaptic plasticity in the outer retina of fish. | recent evidence suggests that neurotrophins can be involved in short-term synaptic plasticity in parts of the central nervous system. in the present study, the possible role of nerve growth factor (ngf) in inducing morphologic (cellular and subcellular) changes in the outer retina of carp was assessed. the effects of ngf on cone photomechanical movements (pmms) and horizontal cell (hc) spinule formation were measured. ngf-induced cone contraction and formation of hc spinules in the dark-adapted ... | 2001 | 11223810 |
| stress responses and changes in protein metabolism in carp cyprinus carpio during cadmium exposure. | stress responses and changes in protein metabolism were studied in common carp cyprinus carpio exposed to 0, 0.8, 4, and 20 microm cadmium (cd) over a 29-day period. blood and other tissue samples were taken after 4 and 29 days of exposure. the highest cd concentration proved to be lethal to the fish, resulting in 100% mortality after 21 days of exposure. cd accumulated in the tissues in the following order: kidney>liver>gills. blood hematocrit, blood hemoglobin, plasma glucose, plasma lactate, ... | 2001 | 11222034 |
| metals, boron, and selenium in neosho madtom habitats in the neosho river in kansas, u.s.a. | in 1991 and 1992 we determined the levels of metals, arsenic, boron, and selenium in the neosho river drainage in southeastern kansas, the primary habitat for the threatened neosho madtom (noturus placidus). we evaluated concentrations in sediments, mussels (quadrula pustulosa and q. metanevra), and fish (percina phoxocephala, cyprinus carpio, and ictiobus bubalus) from three sites on the neosho river and one site on the cottonwood river. we also evaluated contaminant concentrations in c. carpio ... | 2001 | 11214445 |
| copy number related transgene expression and mosaic somatic expression in hemizygous and homozygous transgenic tilapia (oreochromis niloticus). | three lines of transgenic tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) fish were generated with a construct containing a lacz reporter gene spliced to a 4.7 kb 5' regulatory region of a carp beta actin gene. all these three lines contain different copy numbers of transgenes and the levels of lacz expression were found to be related to transgene copy number. mosaic patterns of somatic lacz expression were observed in these three lines which differed between lines but were consistent within a line. we also obs ... | 2000 | 11206970 |
| [rodlet cells of fish in calcium deficiency in the external environment]. | the ultrastructure of rodlet cells from the heat kidney of the carp cyprinus carpio l. and tilapia oreochromis mossambicus peters has been studied. all the investigated cells displayed a common structure. the number of rodlet cells increased after exposure of fishes in ca(2+)-free water or in the water supplemented with nh4+ or cd2+. the latter were found to suppress ca(2+)-absorption from the environment. | 2000 | 11204648 |
| the feedforward component in depolarizing red responses of r/g horizontal cells in carp retina. | light responses of r/g chromaticity-type horizontal cells (r/g hcs) and luminosity-type horizontal cells (lhcs) were intracellularly recorded in isolated superfused carp retina, and the response dynamics analyzed. the results revealed that (1) no significant difference in delay was detected between r/g hc red and green responses; (2) the rising speed was quicker for r/g hc depolarizing red responses compared to that of its hyperpolarizing green responses; and (3) dynamic characteristics of r/g h ... | 2014 | 11193108 |
| [molecular evolution of two c-myc genes of a tetraploid teleost, the common carp]. | | 2000 | 11187801 |
| differential in vitro suppressive effects of steroids on leukocyte phagocytosis in two teleosts, tilapia and common carp. | the objectives of this study were to investigate the potential roles of cortisol and gonadal steroids in the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood leukocytes in two teleosts, tilapia (oreochromis niloticus x o. aureus) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). an in vitro microtiter plate assay, measuring incorporation of fitc-latex beads into peripheral blood leukocytes, was developed for the first time in teleosts. peripheral blood leukocytes were cultured in al medium with tested compounds in a mi ... | 2001 | 11178882 |
| genotoxicity of textile dye effluent on fish (cyprinus carpio) measured using the comet assay. | | 2001 | 11178658 |
| regulation of interleukin 1 beta rna expression in the common carp, cyprinus carpio l. | the intron-exon organisation of the carp il-1beta gene consists of 2455bp and comprises seven exons. three il-1beta rna transcripts have been found in carp: (1) a fully spliced product; (2) exon 1-7 with introns 5 and 6; and (3) exon 1-7 with intron 5 only. the intron-containing products probably represent partially spliced transcripts. il-1beta mrna expression in carp was semi-quantitatively analysed by rt-pcr in multiple organs, including brain and pituitary. constitutive expression of the il- ... | 2001 | 11164885 |
| bioavailability of cd to the common carp, cyprinus carpio, in the presence of humic acid. | the uptake of cadmium by the common carp, cyprinus carpio, was studied in chemically defined freshwater in the absence and presence of commercial humic acid. this was done to evaluate whether the cadmium uptake by carp in the presence of humic acid was related to the ambient cd2+ -ion activity or whether the complexed metal also contributed to the uptake. uptake of cd during a 3-h period of exposure was used as a measure of the biological availability of the metal. the uptake rate data for cd in ... | 2001 | 11163427 |
| observations on the effects of caged carp culture on water and sediment metal concentrations in lake kasumigaura, japan. | the concentrations of 24 elements in the sediment and associated water column were monitored at two sites, one an area of intensive cage culture of carp, the other a wild site far from known cage culture areas, in lake kasumigaura, japan, between september 1994 and september 1995. the concentrations of most elements in lake kasumigaura are mostly sub-parts per billion, except those for ca, fe, k, mg, na, p, and si. the concentrations of cd, co, cu, mn, ni, pb, v, and fe in lake kasumigaura are h ... | 2001 | 11161684 |
| effects of essential fatty acid deficiency and supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (dha; 22:6n-3) on cellular fatty acid compositions and fatty acyl desaturation in a cell culture model. | the desaturation of [1-(14)c] 18:3n-3 to docosahexaenoic acid (dha; 22:6n-3) is enhanced in an essential fatty acid deficient cell line (epc-efad) in comparison with the parent cell line (epc) from carp. in the present study, the effects of dha on lipid and fatty acid compositions, and the metabolism of [1-(14)c]18:3n-3 were investigated in epc-efad cells in comparison with epc cells. dha supplementation had only relatively minor effects on lipid content and lipid class compositions in both epc ... | 2001 | 11161581 |
| cryopreservation of sperm in common carp cyprinus carpio: sperm motility and hatching success of embryos. | in this study, fish sperm cryopreservation methods were elaborated upon for ex situ conservation of nine strains of bohemian common carp. common carp sperm were diluted in kurokura medium and chilled to 4 degrees c and dimethyl sulfoxide was added. cryotubes of sperm with media were then cooled from +4 to -9 degrees c at a rate of 4 degrees c min(-1) and then from -9 to -80 degrees c at a rate of 11 degrees c min(-1), held for 6 min at -80 degrees c, and finally transferred into liquid n(2). the ... | 2000 | 11161556 |
| response from carp | | 2000 | 10754573 |
| susceptibility of opioid peptides and myofibrillar proteins to carp cathepsin l. | the ability of carp cathepsin l to degrade opioid peptides and separate myofibrillar proteins was examined. the enzyme differentially released fragments from leucine-enkephalin, alpha-neoendorphin, and dynorphin, in which the common cleavage site of the enzyme was determined to be a gly2-gly3 bond. a leu5-arg6 bond in alpha-neoendorphin and dynorphin was also commonly cleaved by the enzyme. at a protein ratio of the enzyme to myofibrillar protein of 1:500, the preferences of the enzyme appeared ... | 1998 | 10554251 |
| does anoxia induce cell swelling in carp brains? in vivo mri measurements in crucian carp and common carp. | although both common and crucian carp survived 2 h of anoxia at 18 degrees c, the response of their brains to anoxia was quite different and indicative of the fact that the crucian carp is anoxia tolerant while the common carp is not. using in vivo t(2) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (mri), we studied anoxia induced changes in brain volume, free water content (t(2)), and water homeostasis (water diffusion coefficient). the anoxic crucian carp showed no signs of brain swelling ... | 2001 | 11152713 |
| detection of plasmalogen from plasma low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein in carp, cyprinus carpio, and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the study revealed the presence of plasmalogens in the low density lipoprotein (ldl) and high density lipoprotein (hdl) of the fish. the composition of the plasmalogen in the carp plasma ldl phospholipids was 0.94 and 0.23% in the hdl; the ldl phospholipids in the rainbow trout were 0.44% and the hdl was 0.18%. aldehydes from the plasmalogen were derivatized with dansylhydrazides and separated by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). their presence was detected using a fluorescence dete ... | 2000 | 11118943 |
| the distribution of neuropeptide y-immunoreactive neurons and nerve fibers in the forebrain of the carp cyprinus carpio l. | the present study reports the distribution of neuropeptide y (npy)-immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the forebrain of the adult carp cyprinus carpio l. serial nissl-stained sections were used for cytoarchitecture and identification of anatomical structures. immunostaining of npy-containing neurons and fibers was used as neurochemical marker and tool for comparison with other species, including the goldfish. the general outline of the cytoarchitecture of the carp forebrain is similar to that o ... | 2000 | 11118806 |
| myxobolus intrachondrealis sp. n. (myxosporea: myxobolidae), a parasite of the gill cartilage of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. | a species not identifiable with any of the about 23 myxobolus species recorded from the common carp so far, was detected in the gills of one- and two-summer-old specimens of the common carp ((cyprinus carpio l.) cultured in pond farms in hungary. the strictly tissue-specific plasmodia of the parasite were located, surrounded by hyaline cartilage cells, in the chondrous substance of the terminal parts of the gill arches and in the cartilage structure ventrally connecting the gill arches. the spor ... | 2000 | 11104143 |
| vitellogenin-induced pathology in male summer flounder (paralichthys dentatus). | male summer flounder (paralichthys dentatus) were given two injections (initially and 2 weeks later) of 17beta-estradiol (e2) totaling 0.2 (2 x 0.1), 2.0 (2 x 1.0) or 20.0 (2 x 10.0) mg e2/kg body weight. blood and tissue samples were collected 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the initial injection in the (2 x 0.1) mg/kg treatment, 4, 6, 8, and 15 weeks after the first injection in the (2 x 1.0) mg/kg treatment and at 4 weeks only in the (2 x 10.0) mg/kg treatment. five of the 12 fish injected twice with ... | 2001 | 11090901 |
| collagen-affecting drugs impair regeneration of teleost tail fins. | regenerating tail fins were studied in two species of teleosts, tilapia rendalli and cyprinus carpio, treated with indomethacin, aspirin, dexamethasone, penicillamine, and beta-aminoproprionitrile, drugs known to disrupt collagen metabolism in mammals. collagen was studied under the light microscope by the picrosirius-polarization method and also under the electron microscope. in general, these drugs disturbed the deposition and organization of collagen fibrils leading to abnormally thin or prac ... | 2000 | 11085216 |
| effects of environmental temperature on the development of the myotomal white muscle in larval carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | a study was conducted on common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to determine the effects of environmental temperature experienced by embryos and larvae on the development of myotomal white muscle. eggs from one female were divided into two groups following fertilisation and incubated at constant pre-hatch temperatures of 18 or 28 degrees c. at hatching, larvae from the 18 degrees c-incubated eggs were divided into two groups and either reared at the same temperature of 18 degrees c ('cold' group) or t ... | 2000 | 11076732 |
| environmental acclimatization of the carp modulates the transcription of beta-actin. | a cascade of mechanisms involving changes in gene expression are substantial to shape the adaptive responses that a eurythermal fish requires upon environmental changes in its habitat. we have previously shown that the cyclical reprogramming of rrna transcription is a remarkable feature in carp under seasonal acclimatization. using in situ hybridization and competitive rt-pcr we found significant differences in beta-actin transcripts, generally accepted to be coded by a typical housekeeping gene ... | 2000 | 11074593 |
| multiple lineages of the non-ltr retrotransposon rex1 with varying success in invading fish genomes. | rex1, together with the related babar: elements, represents a new family of non-long-terminal-repeat (non-ltr) retrotransposons from fish, which might be related to the cr1 clade of line elements. rex1/babar: retrotransposons encode a reverse transcriptase and an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, which is very frequently removed by incomplete reverse transcription. different rex1 elements show a conserved terminal 3' untranslated region followed by oligonucleotide tandem repeats of variable si ... | 2000 | 11070055 |
| molecular and functional diversity of neural connexins in the retina. | electrical synapses (gap junctions) in neuronal circuits have become a major focus in the study of network properties such as synchronization and oscillation (galarreta and hestrin, 1999; gibson et al., 1999). despite the recent progress made in unraveling the contribution of gap junctions to network behavior, little is known about the molecular composition of the junctional constituents. by cloning gap junction proteins [connexins (cxs)] from zebrafish retina and through functional expression, ... | 2000 | 11069940 |
| early structural changes in myosin rod upon heating of carp myofibrils. | upon heating carp myofibrils at 40 degrees c, the amount of myosin that is soluble and monomeric dropped very quickly, roughly 5 times faster than the atpase inactivation. this rapid decrease of solubility was well explained by a rapid denaturation of the rod portion as measured by chymotryptic digestibility. chymotryptic digestion of heated myofibrils in a low-salt medium with edta generated a reduced amount of rod and subfragment-1 (s-1). the decrease of s-1 produced from the heated myofibrils ... | 2000 | 11052753 |
| in vitro effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (hmb) on cell-mediated immunity in fish. | beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate(hmb) has been shown to counteract many of the negative effects of intensive animal production methods and results in increased growth and protection against diseases. in the present study, the effect of hmb on the immunocompetence cell activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and carp (cyprinus carpio) was examined. pronephric phagocytes and lymphocytes were isolated from the fish and grown in culture medium (rpmi-1640) containing either 0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, ... | 2000 | 11044553 |
| assessment of water quality in wichita, kansas, using an index of biotic integrity and analysis of bed sediment and fish tissue for organochlorine insecticides. | this study investigated water quality of the arkansas river and its tributaries in the wichita, kansas, area. water quality assessment included an evaluation of urban versus agricultural areas using a twofold approach: (1) assessment of fish community health using an index of biotic integrity (ibi); and (2) analysis of organochlorine (oc) insecticides in fish tissue (cyprinus carpio) and sediment samples via gas chromatography. results of the ibi analysis indicated that the overall health of the ... | 2000 | 11031315 |
| invertebrate and fish cytokines. | cytokine-like molecules are well described in invertebrates, although most recent studies have revealed that there is analogy, rather than homology, between invertebrate and vertebrate cytokine-like activities. cytokines certainly appeared early in the evolution of vertebrates, dating back some 400 millions years. here, evidence will be reviewed and updated of the presence of these molecules in jawed fish and in particular, in bony fish, which represent the oldest group displaying true functiona ... | 2000 | 11022118 |
| binding of xenobiotics to hepatic estrogen receptor and plasma sex steroid binding protein in the teleost fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio). | competitive receptor binding assays have been suggested as an in vitro screening tool for assessing the activity of alleged estrogenic substances. in this study, we determined the ability of steroidal and nonsteroidal substances to inhibit the binding of [(3)h]17 beta-estradiol (e2) to the hepatic estrogen receptor (er) and the plasma sex steroid binding protein (sbp) of the teleost fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio). the objectives of the study were (1) to characterize er binding in the li ... | 2000 | 11017776 |
| chronic toxicity of nonylphenol and ethinylestradiol: haematological and histopathological effects in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio). | in recent ecotoxicological research, there is an increasing concern about alkylphenolic industrial chemicals, such as nonylphenol (np), because of their estrogenic properties. data on the general fish toxicity of these wide spread aquatic pollutants are scarce. in order to evaluate sublethal toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of np, juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to np concentrations ranging from 1 to 15 microg np/l over a 70-day period. classical toxic ... | 2000 | 10998500 |
| genetic control of glucosephosphate isomerase (gpi) in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | in common carp, a freshwater fish species of tetraploid origin, gpi enzymes are present in two variants: gpi-a and gpi-b. gpi-a is coded by two loci segregating for two (gpi-a 1*) and six (gpi-a2*) alleles. experimental crosses of the ornamental (koi) variety of common carp revealed that gpi-b is coded by only one locus (gpi-b*). another gpi-b* locus must have been silenced in the process of functional diploidization. it was also shown that the gpi-a2* locus segregated independently from the gpi ... | 2010 | 10994708 |
| the influence of mucus on copper speciation in the gill microenvironment of carp (cyprinus carpio). | ph and mucus (as total organic carbon) in the gill microenvironment of carp, cyprinus carpio, exposed to various concentrations of total copper were measured in an exposure experiment using playle's apparatus. the activities of free copper ions in both inspired and expired waters were determined using a copper ion selective electrode. a trial-and-error procedure of coupling species distribution calculations (mineqa2) with single-site complexation modeling (mucus-copper) was proposed for computat ... | 2000 | 10993704 |
| basic properties of an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated channel in carp olfactory cilia. | in addition to the activation of camp-dependent pathways, odorant binding to its receptor can lead to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (insp3) production that may induce the opening of plasma membrane channels. we therefore investigated the presence and nature of such channels in carp olfactory cilia. functional analysis was performed by reconstitution of the olfactory cilia in planar lipid bilayers (tip-dip method). in the presence of insp3 (10 microm) and ca2+ (100 nm), a current of 1.6 +/- 0.1 pa ... | 2000 | 10971622 |
| multiple forms of alpha2-macroglobulin from a bony fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio): striking sequence diversity in functional sites. | unlike mammals, bony fish possess multiple genes encoding the complement component c3, a member of the alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2m) protein family, presumably expanding the diversity of immune recognition. to examine whether the alpha2m gene has also duplicated and diverged in the bony fish lineage, cdna cloning of alpha2m from a pseudotetraploid teleost, the common carp (cyprinus carpio), was conducted and resulted in the isolation of three distinct alpha2m sequences from a single individual, ... | 2000 | 10970099 |
| ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity in fish as a biomarker of chemical exposure. | this review compiles and evaluates existing scientific information on the use, limitations, and procedural considerations for erod activity (a catalytic measurement of cytochrome p4501a induction) as a biomarker in fish. a multitude of chemicals induce erod activity in a variety of fish species, the most potent inducers being structural analogs of 2,3,7,8-tetracholordibenzo-p-dioxin. although certain chemicals may inhibit erod induction/activity, this interference is generally not a drawback to ... | 2000 | 10955715 |
| a specific binding moiety for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(3) in basal lateral membranes of carp enterocytes. | carp (cyprinus carpio), a freshwater fish that lives in a low-calcium environment, and atlantic cod (gadus morhua), a seawater fish that lives in a high-calcium environment, were studied for the presence of a novel membrane binding protein ("receptor") for the vitamin d metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(3) [1,25(oh)(2)d(3)]. basal lateral membranes from enterocytes of either species were prepared and analyzed for specific saturable binding. membranes from carp revealed a dissociation constant ... | 2000 | 10950830 |
| some molecular and enzymatic properties of a homogeneous preparation of thiaminase i purified from carp liver. | a homogeneous preparation of thiaminase i (thiamine:base 2-methyl-4-aminopyrimidine-5-methenyl transferase, ec 2.5.1.2) was obtained from carp liver, for the first time from a nonbacterial source. its molecular mass was 55 kda by gel filtration and by sds-page regardless the presence of the reducing agent, indicating that the native enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain. the determined sequence of 20 residues at the n-terminal of carp thiaminase i seemed to be unique. the enzyme was test ... | 2000 | 10945431 |
| molecular isolation and characterisation of carp transforming growth factor beta 1 from activated leucocytes. | the transforming growth factor (tgf beta) family of proteins are a set of pleiotropic secreted signalling molecules with unique and potent immunoregulatory properties. in this study the molecular cloning of carp tgf beta 1 is reported. a partial cdna of the tgf beta protein was initially identified from a cdna pool, obtained by subtracting the cdnas from con a-induced carp head kidney leucocytes from uninduced carp head kidney leucocyte cdna. the entire coding sequence was assembled by sequencin ... | 2000 | 10938741 |
| identification of carp proopiomelanocortin-related peptides and their effects on phagocytes. | we report the immunomodulating effects of proopiomelanocortin (pomc)-related peptides on phagocytic cells in carp. the complete amino acid sequences of two carp pomcs (i and ii) were deduced from the nucleotide sequences after cdna cloning. both pomcs consist of 194 amino acids (91% sequence identity) including identical alpha-melanotropin (msh) and beta-endorphin (ep). all hormonal peptides derived from two pomcs were identified by mass spectrometry after separation by high-performance liquid c ... | 2000 | 10938739 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of carp (cyprinus carpio) interleukin-1 beta, high affinity immunoglobulin e fc receptor gamma subunit and serum amyloid a. | suppression subtractive hybridisation (ssh) is a powerful means to identify genes of cytokines and other genes that express small amount of mrna. in this study, cdna of normal fish (carp) head kidney cells (hkc) was subtracted from pooled cdna of hkc and peritoneal cell (pc) obtained from fish which had been injected with sodium alginate (sa) and scleroglucan (sg) 3-48 h earlier. this subtraction produced 248 clones of cdna fragments. after sequencing some of the fragments of interest were used ... | 2000 | 10938736 |
| in vitro modulation of fish phagocytic cells by beta-endorphin. | the activation of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and carp, cyprinus carpio, phagocytic cells by synthetic chum salmon, o. keta, beta-endorphin was analysed in vitro. rainbow trout head kidney leukocytes were cultured in rpmi 1640 medium containing 1, 10, 50 or 100 ng ml-1 of chum salmon beta-endorphin and the production of superoxide anion was measured via the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) in vitro. macrophages incubated with 10 ng ml-1 up to 100 ng ml-1 of beta-endorphin showed ... | 2000 | 10938734 |
| the biomechanics and evolutionary significance of thermal acclimation in the common carp cyprinus carpio. | the effects of thermal acclimation were investigated in the common carp cyprinus carpio l. acclimation and acute temperature effects were tested during ontogeny from larval [9.5 mm total length (l)] to juvenile (69.0 mm l) stages and between 8 and 21 degrees c. the myosin heavy chain (mhc) composition, myofibrillar mg(2+)-ca(2+)-atpase activity, and muscle strains showed significant thermal acclimation effects. mhcs were only expressed in an acclimation temperature-dependent fashion in fish long ... | 2000 | 10938257 |
| tricaproin, tricaprin and trilaurin are utilized more efficiently than tricaprylin by carp (cyprinus carpio l.) larvae. | we investigated the effect of chain length of dietary medium-chain fatty acids (mcfa) on growth performance and fatty acid composition of first-feeding carp larvae. in a first trial, five semi-purified isolipidic (23-24 g/100 g of dry matter) diets were formulated to contain either 10 g/100 g triolein (control diet) or 5 g/100 g triolein and 5 g/100 g medium-chain triacylglycerols (mct) supplied as tricaproin, tricaprylin, tricaprin or trilaurin. after 21 d, survival and growth rates were signif ... | 2000 | 10917917 |
| [fish nutrition. brief review for the practitioner regarding food and ornamental fish]. | in behalf of the practitioner a short survey is given about nutrition of fish and shrimps. interrelations between fish development and influences by their water ecosystem concerning temperature, mineral and gas levels, waterflow et cetera together with the supply of food are mentioned. further comments are given about common nutritional needs of different species in connection with growth, bodyweight et cetera and purpose of fishkeeping for instance for consumption, reproduction or ornamentally ... | 2000 | 10881324 |
| [the manifestation of valiporiasis in cultivated fishes]. | lethal cases of valiporiasis in the silver carps of the age 3 and 4 years are described. the resistance of hybrids between different forms of cyprinus carpio to the infection with valipora campylancristrota is discussed. | 2007 | 10862401 |
| topographic organization of efferent neurons with different neurochemical characters in the cerebral ganglia of the snail helix pomatia. | this study provides a description of the organization of neurons efferent to different head areas in the cerebral ganglia of helix pomatia, revealed by simultaneous ni-lysine and co-lysine back-filling of different pairs of cerebral nerves. the backfills show that labeled cerebral neurons that innervate the head areas are concentrated in seven representation foci distributed in different parts of the cerebral ganglia. almost each head area is represented in each focus. at a gross level, the repr ... | 2000 | 10862109 |
| chromosomal location and nucleotide sequences of 5s ribosomal dna of two cyprinid species (osteichthyes, pisces). | 5s ribosomal dnas (rdnas) from two cyprinid species, acheilognathus tabira subsp. 1 and cyprinus carpio, were isolated and sequenced. tandemly arranged rdnas were 179 bp in a. tabira and 204 bp in c. carpio. the non-transcribed spacer region elucidates the size difference of 5s rdna between the two species. fluorescence in-situ hybridization (fish) localized 5s rdnas to the short arms of two pairs of chromosomes in a. tabira and two to four pairs in c. carpio. subsequent analysis demonstrated no ... | 2000 | 10841046 |
| structural characterization and transcriptional pattern of two types of carp rhodopsin gene. | this work characterizes the genomic structures of two types of carp (cyprinus carpio) rhodopsin (crh) gene, i.e. type i (crh-i) and type ii (crh-ii). two types of crh gene share only 45.6% polynucleotide identity in the upstream region from nucleotide -3436 to +97. however, three conserved regions are found. homologies to the consensus recognition sites for transcription factors, crx and nrl, which are involved in photoreceptor-specific expression, are also observed in crh genes. with specific p ... | 2000 | 10840639 |
| genotoxic potential of marine sediments from the north sea. | the alkaline comet assay is a method for detecting dna strand breaks and alkali labile sites in individual cells. an in vitro system was used to investigate the genotoxic potential of complex mixtures such as organic extracts of marine sediments. dna damage was induced in leukocytes isolated from carp (cyprius carpio) by exposure to organic sediment extracts from the north sea or hydrogen peroxide as positive control, respectively. the minimum concentration for significant effects ranged from 1 ... | 2000 | 10838203 |
| cloning and expression analysis of an inducible hsp70 gene from tilapia fish. | we isolated and characterized the tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus) hsp70 gene, highly homologous to other hsp70 genes. a dramatic increase of tilapia hsp70 mrna levels was observed after heat shock of whole animals in all organs tested. reporter constructs were tested for transient expression in carp cells and in microinjected zebrafish embryos. the entire isolated regulatory region (-851/+157) was able to mediate heat shock inducible expression of the reporter gene, with no preference for a pa ... | 2000 | 10828441 |
| structural aspects of the calcification process of lower vertebrate collagen. | in order to investigate the structural relationship between inorganic phase and collagen fibrils in the calcified tissues of lower vertebrates we have carried out a wide and small angle x-ray diffraction investigation on carp scales and bone samples. the small angle patterns from decalcified bone and scales, as well as uncalcified tendon samples from carp are very similar to that of type i collagen from higher vertebrates. the d-axial period, 67 nm, is the same as that of higher vertebrate type ... | 2000 | 10826707 |
| sequence, genomic structure and tissue expression of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) vertebrate ancient (va) opsin. | we report the isolation and characterisation of a novel opsin cdna from the retina and pineal of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). when a comparison of the amino acid sequences of salmon vertebrate ancient opsin (sva) and the novel carp opsin are made, and the carboxyl terminus is omitted, the level of identity between these two opsins is 81% and represents the second example of the va opsin family. we have therefore termed this c. carpio opsin as carp va opsin (cva opsin). we show that memb ... | 2000 | 10818232 |
| seasonal adaptation modulates the expression of the protein kinase ck2 beta subunit gene in the carp. | carp fish seasonal acclimatization induces a cyclical transcriptional modulation of several genes. its most dramatic expression results in a concomitant structural rearrangement of the nucleolar components that phenotypically represents profound shifts in the level of ribosomal rna synthesis. in connection with the recent studies that implicate ck2 in the control of rrna synthesis in vertebrates, we characterized the cdna of carp protein kinase ck2beta subunit and assessed its transcriptional be ... | 2000 | 10814532 |
| gfp as a genetic marker scorable throughout the life cycle of transgenic zebra fish. | a fish expression vector, frm, was constructed by fusing the carp beta-actin promoter and first intron to the ocean pout antifreeze protein terminator and putative boundary element. mutant forms of the green fluorescent protein (gfp) were engineered into this vector, and the resultant series of vectors, frmwg, frm3wg (green gfp), and frm2bl (blue gfp), were used to make transgenic zebra fish. after microinjection of either supercoiled or linearized dna into one-celled eggs, gfp-expressing cells ... | 2000 | 10811950 |
| hepatic glucokinase is induced by dietary carbohydrates in rainbow trout, gilthead seabream, and common carp. | glucokinase (gk) plays a central role in glucose homeostasis in mammals. the absence of an inducible gk has been suggested to explain the poor utilization of dietary carbohydrates in rainbow trout. in this context, we analyzed gk expression in three fish species (rainbow trout, gilthead seabream, and common carp) known to differ in regard to their dietary carbohydrate tolerance. fish were fed for 10 wk with either a diet containing a high level of digestible starch (>20%) or a diet totally depri ... | 2000 | 10801283 |
| polymerization of a vitelline envelope (ve)-like structure produced by using fractionated ve extracts from carp eggs. | fractionation of vitelline envelope (ve) extracts from carp eggs made possible the efficient polymerization of a ve-like structure. the structure corresponded to the fourth layer of the ve or fertilization envelope (fe), and its organization was achieved by reassembly in vitro after solubilization of the sheets composed of filamentous substances or network-like aggregates which were induced by a cortical alveolus sialoglycoprotein or thrombin. the sialoglycoprotein was a serine proteinase and im ... | 2000 | 10797328 |
| vitellogenin induction and other biochemical responses in carp, cyprinus carpio, after experimental injection with 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol. | prespawning, adult male and female carp, cyprinus carpio, were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 500 microg/kg of 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (ee2). blood samples were taken and vitellogenin levels were recorded previous to the injection and 8 days afterward. western blot analysis of plasma vtg showed a marked response in both males (90-fold) and females (67-fold) after ee2 injection. also, a significant inhibition of the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase system, namely, 7-ethoxyresorufi ... | 2000 | 10787101 |
| spectral imaging of red blood cells in experimental anemia of cyprinus carpio. | in the present work we have studied the effect of experimental anemia induced at both low and optimal temperatures on erythropoiesis in cyprinus carpio. the results showed that hemoglobin concentration per cell was similar in both temperature conditions, however, red blood cell (rbc) concentration was higher at the optimal temperature. induced anemia caused an abrupt decrease in rbc concentration, while the hemoglobin concentration per cell remained unchanged. recovery, as shown by electron micr ... | 2000 | 10779733 |
| [modeling of different types of size-effect in accumulation of 137cs in fish from the cooling pond of the chernobyl power plant]. | all known types of size-effect in accumulation of radiocesium in fish are described on the basis of the dynamic model of distribution and migration of the radionuclide in aquatic ecosystem. the time-dependent activity of 137cs in different age classes of carp and pike-perch from the chernobyl nuclear power plant cooling pond is calculated. it is shown that during the first year after the accident the activity of 137cs in the young generations of fish was higher (negative size-effect) owing to hi ... | 2016 | 10778446 |
| effect of melatonin agonists and antagonists on horizontal cell spinule formation and dopamine release in a fish retina. | the crucian carp retina was used to study the effects of the melatonin antagonist p697 (n-pentanoyl 2-benzyltryptamine) and the melatonin agonists [+]- and [-]-ammtc (n-acetyl-4-aminomethyl-6-methoxy-9-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazol e) on horizontal cell spinule formation, an indicator of the state of retinal adaptation. dh97 was capable of both counteracting dark-adaptive spinule degradation and inducing light-adaptive spinule formation at the beginning of the dark phase. addition of dopamin ... | 2000 | 10772244 |
| purification, biochemical, and immunological characterisation of a major food allergen: different immunoglobulin e recognition of the apo- and calcium-bound forms of carp parvalbumin. | almost 4% of the population suffer from food allergy which is an adverse reaction to food with an underlying immunological mechanism. | 2000 | 10764710 |
| gaba enhances short wavelength-sensitive cone input and reduces red cone input to carp l-type horizontal cells. | light responses of cone-driven horizontal cells were recorded intracellularly in the isolated superfused carp retina and the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) on signals from red-sensitive (r-) and short-wavelength-sensitive (s-) cones (green cones and/or blue cones) were studied. in the presence of a bright red (694 nm) background light, which substantially suppressed signal from r-cones, the responses of l-type horizontal cells (l-hcs) to 532-nm flashes, predominantly driven by the s-c ... | 2000 | 10758339 |
| molecular cloning and protein analysis of divergent forms of the complement component c3 from a bony fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio): presence of variants lacking the catalytic histidine. | unlike mammals, some bony fish species have been reported to possess multiple forms of the complement component c3. to explore the structural and functional diversity of bony fish c3, we have isolated eight distinct cdna clones encoding c3 from a single carp (cyprinus carpio). the eight sequences were grouped into five c3 types, designated c3-h1, c3-h2, c3-s, c3-q1 and c3-q2, each sharing 80-86 % amino acid sequence identity with the others. a striking amino acid substitution was noted at the po ... | 2000 | 10741402 |
| x-ray crystal structure and molecular dynamics simulations of silver hake parvalbumin (isoform b). | parvalbumins constitute a class of calcium-binding proteins characterized by the presence of several helix-loop-helix (ef-hand) motifs. in a previous study (revett sp, king g, shabanowitz j, hunt df, hartman kl, laue tm, nelson dj, 1997, protein sci 7:2397-2408), we presented the sequence of the major parvalbumin isoform from the silver hake (merluccius bilinearis) and presented spectroscopic and structural information on the excised "ef-hand" portion of the protein. in this study, the x-ray cry ... | 2000 | 10739249 |
| chilling sensitivity of carp (cyprinus carpio) embryos at different developmental stages in the presence or absence of cryoprotectants: work in progress. | the unsolved problem of cryopreservation of the yolk-rich teleost embryos may be related, in part, to their sensitivity to chilling and cryoprotective agents. the aim of this study was to gain data on the sensitivity of carp embryos to low temperatures at different developmental stages and on the possible protective and toxic effects of cryoprotectants. a total of 86,400 morulae, half-epiboly and heartbeat-stage embryos was selected and then placed in water or in 1 m methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide ... | 1998 | 10734469 |
| a hyperosmotic stress-induced mrna of carp cell encodes na(+)- and cl(-)-dependent high affinity taurine transporter. | a cdna clone encoding a na(+)- and cl(-)-dependent high affinity taurine transporter was isolated from a common carp cell line, epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc), as a hyperosmotic stress-inducible gene by rna arbitrarily primed pcr. the clone contained a 2.5-kb cdna fragment including an open reading frame of 1878 bp encoding a protein of 625 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence of carp taurine transporter shows 78-80% identity to those of cloned mammalian taurine transporters. the fu ... | 2000 | 10727609 |