| effects of paclobutrazol and salt stress on growth and ionic contents in two cultivars of wheat. | the effect ofpaclobutrazol (pbz) treatment on salinity tolerance of wheat (triticum aestivum), were investigated for two salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars. salinity with pbz treatment significantly reduced the plant height and length and area of sixth leaf in both cultivars. with increasing salinity, a gradually reduction was observed in roots length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and sixth leaf and relative water content of pbz-applied plants in both cultivars. the greatest reduction w ... | 2007 | 19069984 |
| effect of lanthanum ions (la3+) on ferritin-regulated antioxidant process under peg stress. | the physiological effects of lanthanum(iii) ions on the ferritin-regulated antioxidant process were studied in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings under polyethylene glycol (peg) stress. treatment with 0.1 mm la3+ resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, ascorbate, and reduced glutathione. the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, and peroxidase were also i ... | 2006 | 17194921 |
| drought-adaptive traits derived from wheat wild relatives and landraces. | exotic parents are being used to increase allelic diversity in bread wheat breeding through (i) interspecific hybridization of the ancestral genomes to produce so-called synthetic derived (syn-der) wheat, and (ii) crossing with landrace accessions, originating in abiotically stressed environments, that have become isolated from mainstream gene pools. evaluation of the inherent genetic diversity encompassed by drought-adapted landraces compared with checks using dna fingerprinting confirmed that ... | 2007 | 17185737 |
| the genetics of nitrogen use in hexaploid wheat: n utilisation, development and yield. | a genetic study is presented for traits relating to nitrogen use in wheat. quantitative trait loci (qtls) were established for 21 traits relating to growth, yield and leaf nitrogen (n) assimilation during grain fill in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using a mapping population from the cross chinese spring x sq1. glutamine synthetase (gs) isozymes and estimated locations of 126 genes were placed on the genetic map. qtls for flag leaf gs activity, soluble protein, extract colour and fresh ... | 2007 | 17180378 |
| variation of wheat root exudates under aluminum stress. | the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar yangzhou 158 was used as a reference. the wheat root exudates were collected using a hydroponic mode. the changes of the electrolytes, h+, sugar, organic acids, amino acids, and secondary metabolites in wheat root exudates induced by aluminum (al) were studied. the research results show that al stress affects wheat root exudation. the secreted electrolytes and sugar increase with the increasing of the external al3+ concentration. the total amount of secr ... | 2006 | 17177539 |
| glutathione reductase activity and isoforms in leaves and roots of wheat plants subjected to cadmium stress. | the behavior of glutathione reductase (gr, ec 1.6.4.2) activity and isoforms were analyzed in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves and roots exposed to a chronic treatment with a toxic cadmium (cd) concentration. a significant growth inhibition (up to 55%) was found in leaves at 7, 14 and 21 days, whereas roots were affected (51%) only after three weeks. wheat plants grown in the presence of 100microm cd showed a time-dependent accumulation of this metal, with cd concentration being 10-fold highe ... | 2007 | 17174990 |
| most significant genome regions involved in the control of earliness traits in bread wheat, as revealed by qtl meta-analysis. | earliness is one of the most important adaptation traits in plant breeding. our purpose was to identify the genome regions of bread wheat involved in the control of earliness and its three components: photoperiod sensitivity (ps), vernalization requirement (vr) and intrinsic earliness (ie). a qtl meta-analysis was carried out to examine the replicability of qtl across 13 independent studies and to propose meta-qtl (mqtl). initial qtl were projected on a recent consensus map (2004). quality crite ... | 2007 | 17171391 |
| the effect of environment on endosperm cell-wall development in triticum aestivum during grain filling: an infrared spectroscopic imaging study. | one of the major factors contributing to the failure of new wheat varieties is seasonal variability in end-use quality. consequently, it is important to produce varieties which are robust and stable over a range of environmental conditions. recently developed sample preparation methods have allowed the application of ft-ir spectroscopic imaging methods to the analysis of wheat endosperm cell wall composition, allowing the spatial distribution of structural components to be determined without the ... | 2007 | 17151887 |
| improving rock phosphate availability through feeding, mixing and processing with composting manure. | the objective of this study was to improve the availability of phosphorus (p) from rock phosphate (rp) through feeding, mixing and composting manure. the experiment was conducted as a 3 x 2 split-plot design. manure was collected from 12 boran steers (200+/-4.5 kg live weight) fed a basal diet of napier grass (pennisetum purpureum) at 2.5% body weight on a dry matter (dm) basis. the main plot treatments were (i) manure from steers supplemented with 113 g busumbu rock phosphate (brp) per day (fbr ... | 2007 | 17150355 |
| [development of dasypyrum genome specific marker by using wheat microsatellites]. | one hundred and two ssr primer pairs, distributed in chromosome 1a to 7a, 1b to 7b, 1d to 7d of triticum aestivum, were investigated on dasypyrum breviaristatum, d.villosum, wheat-dasypyrum amphiploids and its derivatives, with the control of common wheat chinese spring and elite wheat cultivars. a specific polymorphic dna fragment of about 400 bp (415 bp-long by sequenced, named xgwm301/415) amplified by primer pair xgwm301 was obtained in all lines containing dasypyrum chromosomes, but there w ... | 2006 | 17138545 |
| [the mixed major gene plus polygenes inheritance for female fertility in wheat (triticum aestivum l.)]. | three sets of data for the p1, p2, f1, and f2 populations derived from three crosses between the normal fertility wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars with different ecotypes and the female sterile line (xnd126) were used to investigate the inheritance of female fertility in wheat using mixed major gene plus polygenes inheritance model in 2005 and 2006. the results from the joint segregation analysis of the four generations showed that female fertility in wheat is controlled by two major genes ... | 2006 | 17138544 |
| evaluation of water binding, seed coat permeability and germination characteristics of wheat seeds equilibrated at different relative humidities. | the relative binding of seed water and seed coat membrane stability were measured in two contrasting wheat (triticum aestivum l) varieties, hdr 77 (drought-tolerant) and hd 2009 (susceptible) using seed water sorption isotherms, electrical conductivity (ec) of leachates and desorption-absorption isotherms. analysis of sorption isotherm at 25 degrees c showed that the seeds of hdr 77 had significantly higher number of strong binding sites, with correspondingly greater amount of seed water as stro ... | 2006 | 17133767 |
| [soil-based eco-toxicity of petroleum to terrestrial higher plant after phytoremediation]. | petroleum-contaminated soil after five-year phytoremediation was taken as tested soil initially spiked with a serial diesel concentration of 5 000, 15 000 and 30 000 mg/kg (dry weight). residual concentrations of mineral oil by chemical analysis of gravimetry, as well as the soil-based eco-toxicity to wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the terrestrial higher plant by several ecotoxicological bioassays including seed germination and root elongation test, early seedling growth test, contents of cytochr ... | 2006 | 17117647 |
| the mechanical diversity of stomata and its significance in gas-exchange control. | given that stomatal movement is ultimately a mechanical process and that stomata are morphologically and mechanically diverse, we explored the influence of stomatal mechanical diversity on leaf gas exchange and considered some of the constraints. mechanical measurements were conducted on the guard cells of four different species exhibiting different stomatal morphologies, including three variants on the classical "kidney" form and one "dumb-bell" type; this information, together with gas-exchang ... | 2007 | 17114276 |
| single-nucleotide polymorphism frequency in a set of selected lines of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | information on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in hexaploid bread wheat is still scarce. the goal of this study was to detect snps in wheat and examine their frequency. twenty-six bread wheat lines from different origins worldwide were used. specific pcr-products were obtained from 21 genes and directly sequenced. snps were discovered from the alignment of these sequences. the overall sequence polymorphism observed in this sample appears to be low; 64 single-base polymorphisms were detect ... | 2006 | 17110993 |
| physical mapping of the blue-grained gene(s) from thinopyrum ponticum by gish and fish in a set of translocation lines with different seed colors in wheat. | the original blue-grained wheat, blue 58, was a substitution line derived from hybridization between common wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n=6x=42, abd) and tall wheatgrass (thinopyrum ponticum liu & wang=agropyron elongatum, 2n=10x=70, ststeeebex), in which one pair of 4d chromosomes was replaced by a pair of alien 4ag chromosomes (unknown group 4 chromosome from a. ponticum). blue aleurone might be a useful cytological marker in chromosome engineering and wheat breeding. cytogenetic analysis sh ... | 2006 | 17110991 |
| cadmium availability to wheat grain in soils treated with sewage sludge or metal salts. | grain cd concentrations were determined in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in 1999, 2001 and 2003, at six sludge cake field experiments. three of these sites also had comparisons with cd availability from metal amended liquid sludge and metal salts. grain cd concentrations in all years and at all sites were significantly linearly correlated with nh4no3 extractable cd and soil total cd (p<0.001). soil extractability was greater in the liquid sludge and metal salt experiments than in the cake e ... | 2007 | 17109920 |
| novel dna variations to characterize low molecular weight glutenin glu-d3 genes and develop sts markers in common wheat. | low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) play an important role in bread and noodle processing quality by influencing the viscoelasticity and extensibility of dough. the objectives of this study were to characterize glu-d3 subunit coding genes and to develop molecular markers for identifying glu-d3 gene haplotypes. gene specific primer sets were designed to amplify eight wheat cultivars containing glu-d3a, b, c, d and e alleles, defined traditionally by protein electrophoretic mobility. t ... | 2007 | 17106734 |
| organic acids enhance the uptake of lead by wheat roots. | the uptake and bioavailability of lead (pb) in soil-plant systems remain poorly understood. this study indicates that acetic and malic acids enhance the uptake of pb by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots under hydroponic conditions. the net concentration-dependent uptake influx of pb in the presence and absence of organic acids was characterized by michaelis-menten type nonsaturating kinetic curves that could be resolved into linear and saturable components. fitted maximum uptake rates (v (max)) ... | 2007 | 17106683 |
| [analysis of the short-stem genes in the genotypes of bread wheat cultivars in ukraine]. | varieties of winter common wheat widely used in breeding programmes for the period of 1912-2002 in ukraine were investigated using both the microsatellite xgwm261 marker linked with the gibberellin-sensitive dwarf gene rht8 and the biochemical test for the sensitivity of seedlings to gibberellic acid. allelic characteristics of the locus xgwm261 have been determined for 97 varieties. near 98% of the modern varieties of winter common wheat derived from odessa breeding institute and 50% of the var ... | 2012 | 17100276 |
| [transfer of a rye small chromosomal segment with powdery mildew-resistant gene(s) into common wheat (triticum aestivum l.)]. | the advanced progeny lines (bc1f5) from the monosomic addition lines between common wheat cultivar mianyang 11, which is highly susceptible to powdery mildew, and an inbred rye line r12 were analyzed for selection of wheat-rye translocations. based on a rye-specific repetitive sequence of psc20h, which spread over all chromosomes of rye but did not existed in wheat, a set of pcr primer was designed and used to identify the rye chromosome segments in wheat. from 300 of the bc1f5 progeny lines 70 ... | 2006 | 17098708 |
| wheat-fibre-induced changes of postprandial peptide yy and ghrelin responses are not associated with acute alterations of satiety. | weight gain and risk of type 2 diabetes are inversely associated with a high intake of insoluble cereal fibres. because nutrient-induced changes of 'satiety hormones' from the gut may play a role in this process, we evaluated the effects of purified insoluble fibres on postprandial responses of plasma peptide yy (pyy), serum ghrelin and satiety as secondary outcome measures of a study investigating effects of cereal fibres on parameters of glucose metabolism. fourteen healthy women were studied ... | 2006 | 17092365 |
| mapping of fhb2 on chromosome 6bs: a gene controlling fusarium head blight field resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | fusarium head blight (fhb) is one of the most important fungal wheat diseases worldwide. understanding the genetics of fhb resistance is key to facilitate the introgression of different fhb resistance genes into adapted wheat. the objective of this project was to study the fhb resistance qtl on chromosome 6b, quantify the phenotypic variation, and qualitatively map the resistance gene as a mendelian factor. the fhb resistant parent bw278 (ac domain*2/sumai 3) was used as the source of the resist ... | 2007 | 17091262 |
| an early auxin-responsive aux/iaa gene from wheat (triticum aestivum) is induced by epibrassinolide and differentially regulated by light and calcium. | the plant hormone auxin plays a central role in regulating many aspects of plant growth and development. this largely occurs as a consequence of changes in gene expression. the aux/iaa genes are best characterized among the early auxin-responsive genes, which encode short-lived transcriptional repressors. in most plants examined, including arabidopsis, soybean, and rice, the aux/iaa genes constitute a large gene family. by screening the available databases, at least 15 expressed sequence tags (e ... | 2006 | 17077182 |
| morphological, yield, cytological and molecular characterization of a bread wheat x tritordeum f1 hybrid. | the morphological, yield, cytological and molecular characteristics of bread wheat x tritordeum f(1) hybrids (2n = 6x = 42; aabbdh(ch)) and their parents were analysed. morphologically, these hybrids resembled the wheat parent. they were slightly bigger than both parents, had more spikelets per spike, and tillered more profusely. the hybrids are self-fertile but a reduction of average values of yield parameters was observed. for the cytological approach we used a double-target fluorescence in si ... | 2006 | 17072081 |
| biosolids affect soil barium in a dryland wheat agroecosystem. | in december 2003, the usepa released an amended list of 15 "candidate pollutants for exposure and hazard screening" with regard to biosolids land application, including ba. therefore, we decided to monitor soil ba concentrations from a dryland wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-fallow agroecosystem experiment. this experiment received 10 biennial biosolids applications (1982-2003) at rates from 0 to 26.8 dry mg ha(-1) per application year. the study was conducted on a platner loam (aridic paleustoll), ... | 2013 | 17071904 |
| interactions of wheat variety, production environments, and prior insect damage on postharvest resistance to the lesser grain borer. | wheat, triticum aestivum l., varietal resistance to the lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f), was evaluated in hard spring wheat produced in 2001 and 2002 (bozeman, moccasin, and huntley, mt). we tested the hypothesis that seed coat factors, not the endosperm, cause feeding resistance to r. dominica and that this resistance is genetic, not affected by agronomic conditions. using a rapid, intensive feeding bioassay (frass production), we found, with one exception, no significant differenc ... | 2006 | 17066819 |
| hyperspectral spectrometry as a means to differentiate uninfested and infested winter wheat by greenbug (hemiptera: aphididae). | although spectral remote sensing techniques have been used to study many ecological variables and biotic and abiotic stresses to agricultural crops over decades, the potential use of these techniques for greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani) (hemiptera: aphididae) infestations and damage to wheat, triticum aestivum l., under field conditions is unknown. hence, this research was conducted to investigate: 1) the applicability and feasibility of using a portable narrow-banded (hyperspectral) remo ... | 2006 | 17066799 |
| introgression of an imidazolinone-resistance gene from winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) into jointed goatgrass (aegilops cylindrica host). | imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is being commercialized in the usa. this technology allows wheat growers to selectively control jointed goatgrass (aegilops cylindrica host), a weed that is especially problematic because of its close genetic relationship with wheat. however, the potential movement of the imidazolinone-resistance gene from winter wheat to jointed goatgrass is a concern. winter wheat and jointed goatgrass have the d genome in common and can hybridize and ... | 2006 | 17058103 |
| independent wheat b and g genome origins in outcrossing aegilops progenitor haplotypes. | the origin of modern wheats involved alloploidization among related genomes. to determine if aegilops speltoides was the donor of the b and g genomes in aabb and aagg tetraploids, we used a 3-tiered approach. using 70 amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) loci, we sampled molecular diversity among 480 wheat lines from their natural habitats encompassing all s genome aegilops, the putative progenitors of wheat b and g genomes. fifty-nine aegilops representatives for s genome diversity wer ... | 2007 | 17053048 |
| quantitative structure analysis of genetic diversity among spring bread wheats (triticum aestivum l.) from different geographical regions. | genetic diversity in spring bread wheat (t. aestivum l.) was studied in a total of 69 accessions. for this purpose, 52 microsatellite (ssr) markers were used and a total of 406 alleles were detected, of which 182 (44.8%) occurred at a frequency of <5% (rare alleles). the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 14 with an average of 7.81. the largest number of alleles per locus occurred in the b genome (8.65) as compared to the a (8.43) and d (5.93) genomes, respectively. the polymorphism in ... | 2007 | 17048074 |
| transcriptional analysis between two wheat near-isogenic lines contrasting in aluminum tolerance under aluminum stress. | to understand the mechanisms of aluminum (al) tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) libraries were constructed from al-stressed roots of two near-isogenic lines (nils). a total of 1,065 putative genes from the ssh libraries was printed in a cdna array. relative expression levels of those genes were compared between two nils at seven time points of al stress from 15 min to 7 days. fifty-seven genes were differentially expressed for at least one tim ... | 2007 | 17039377 |
| diversity arrays technology (dart) for high-throughput profiling of the hexaploid wheat genome. | despite a substantial investment in the development of panels of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers, the simple sequence repeat (ssr) technology with a limited multiplexing capability remains a standard, even for applications requiring whole-genome information. diversity arrays technology (dart) types hundreds to thousands of genomic loci in parallel, as previously demonstrated in a number diploid plant species. here we show that dart performs similarly well for the hexaploid genome of ... | 2006 | 17033786 |
| metabolite profiling of wheat grains (triticum aestivum l.) from organic and conventional agriculture. | in some european community countries up to 8% of the agricultural area is managed organically. the aim was to obtain a metabolite profile for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains grown under comparable organic and conventional conditions. these conditions cannot be found in plant material originating from different farms or from products purchased in supermarkets. wheat grains from a long-term biodynamic, bioorganic, and conventional farming system from the harvest 2003 from switzerland were anal ... | 2006 | 17032043 |
| the introgression of chromosome 6p specifying for increased numbers of florets and kernels from agropyron cristatum into wheat. | a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) line 4844 with superior numbers of florets and grains per spike was derived from the cross between fukohokomugi wheat and agropyron cristatum (l.) gaertn. in order to determine the genetic control of floret and kernel number per spike in this line, chromosome addition and substitution lines that were derived from line 4844 were characterized by means of in situ hybridization, microsatellite (ssr), and gliadin analyses. genomic in situ hybridization analysis with bi ... | 2006 | 17031609 |
| molecular analysis, cytogenetics and fertility of introgression lines from transgenic wheat to aegilops cylindrica host. | natural hybridization and backcrossing between aegilops cylindrica and triticum aestivum can lead to introgression of wheat dna into the wild species. hybrids between ae. cylindrica and wheat lines bearing herbicide resistance (bar), reporter (gus), fungal disease resistance (kp4), and increased insect tolerance (gna) transgenes were produced by pollination of emasculated ae. cylindrica plants. f1 hybrids were backcrossed to ae. cylindrica under open-pollination conditions, and first backcrosses ... | 2006 | 17028347 |
| types and rates of sequence evolution at the high-molecular-weight glutenin locus in hexaploid wheat and its ancestral genomes. | the glu-1 locus, encoding the high-molecular-weight glutenin protein subunits, controls bread-making quality in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) and represents a recently evolved region unique to triticeae genomes. to understand the molecular evolution of this locus region, three orthologous glu-1 regions from the three subgenomes of a single hexaploid wheat species were sequenced, totaling 729 kb of sequence. comparing each glu-1 region with its corresponding homologous region from the d gen ... | 2006 | 17028342 |
| physiological characterization of two genes for na+ exclusion in durum wheat, nax1 and nax2. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum desf.) line 149 contains two novel major genes for excluding na(+) from leaf blades, named nax1 and nax2. the genes were separated into families containing a single gene and near-isogenic homozygous lines were selected. lines containing either nax1 or nax2 had lower rates of na(+) transport from roots to shoots than their near-isogenic pairs due to lower rates of net loading of the xylem, not to lower rates of net uptake from the soil or higher rate ... | 2006 | 17028150 |
| [a comparison of two existing catalogues of the alleles of gliadin-coding loci in winter common wheat]. | two catalogs of alleles of gliadin-coding loci, controlling synthesis of a storage protein of wheat caryopsis, gliadin, were compared. one catalogue comprises the alleles detected according to the electrophoretic patterns in starch gels; the other, in polyacrylamide gels. determination of the allelic state of gliadin-coding loci in 31 previously not studied cultivars of winter common wheat allowed us to construct a matching system for the alleles compiled in the two catalogs, which gives the pos ... | 2006 | 17025161 |
| [morphophysiological monitoring of winter wheat at spring in connection with problem of global climate change]. | data on morphophysiological monitoring of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar mironovskaya 808 grown in hoagland and arnon solution in a greenhouse and transferred to natural conditions in march-april 2004 with the mean daily temperature of 0.6 +/- 0.7 degrees c within the exposure period of 42 days are presented. water content, dry weight of plants and their organs, frost hardiness of plants, degree of tissue damage by frost, co2 metabolism (photosynthesis and respiration), concentrati ... | 2016 | 17022477 |
| microbial endoxylanases: effective weapons to breach the plant cell-wall barrier or, rather, triggers of plant defense systems? | endo-beta-1,4-xylanases (ec 3.2.1.8) are key enzymes in the degradation of xylan, the predominant hemicellulose in the cell walls of plants and the second most abundant polysaccharide on earth. a number of endoxylanases are produced by microbial phytopathogens responsible for severe crop losses. these enzymes are considered to play an important role in phytopathogenesis, as they provide essential means to the attacking organism to break through the plant cell wall. plants have evolved numerous d ... | 2006 | 17022171 |
| expression of a modified adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit in wheat seeds stimulates photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. | adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agp) is the rate-limiting step in seed starch biosynthesis. expression of an altered maize agp large subunit (sh2r6hs) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) results in increased agp activity in developing seed endosperm and seed yield. the yield phenotype involves increases in both seed number and total plant biomass. here we describe stimulation of photosynthesis by the seed-specific sh2r6hs transgene. photosynthetic rates were increased in sh2r6hs-expressing plants und ... | 2007 | 17021802 |
| molecular cytogenetic analyses of hexaploid lines spontaneously appearing in octoploid triticale. | genome characterization of 14 hexaploid lines that spontaneously appeared in octoploid triticales was carried out by sequential genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization, high molecular weight glutenin subunits and ssr marker analyses. all of the lines showed a chromosome constitution of complete a and b genomes, and a composite genome consisting of the chromosomes of d and r genomes. the composite genome of the 11 lines consisted of chromosomes 1r, 2d, 3r, 4r, 5r, 6r ... | 2006 | 17016687 |
| characterizing the composition and evolution of homoeologous genomes in hexaploid wheat through bac-end sequencing on chromosome 3b. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crops worldwide. however, because of its large, hexaploid, highly repetitive genome it is a challenge to develop efficient means for molecular analysis and genetic improvement in wheat. to better understand the composition and molecular evolution of the hexaploid wheat homoeologous genomes and to evaluate the potential of bac-end sequences (bes) for marker development, we have followed a chromosome-specific strategy and generated 11 mb ... | 2006 | 17010109 |
| phosphoproteomic profiling of wheat callus labelled in vivo. | callus is an important intermediate tissue for the propagation of plants through tissue culture, as it can form new shoots, and hence plants, through somatic embryogenesis, a process whose underlying biochemical mechanisms are poorly understood. the involvement of kinases suggests that signalling through phosphorylation cascades may play an important role. in this report methods for labelling wheat (triticum aestivum l.) callus phosphoproteins in vivo through the uptake of [(32)p]orthophosphate ... | 2006 | 25193646 |
| frozen in time: a new method using cryo-scanning electron microscopy to visualize root-fungal interactions. | a new method of sample preparation for cryo-scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize internal infection of wheat (triticum aestivum) roots by the pathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani ag-8. the new method retained fungal hyphae and root cells in situ in disintegrating root tissues, thus avoiding the distortions that can be introduced by conventional preparation by chemical fixation, dehydration and embedding. infected roots frozen in liquid nitrogen were cryo-planed and etched (sublimed ... | 2006 | 16995923 |
| the triticum aestivum non-specific lipid transfer protein (taltp) gene family: comparative promoter activity of six taltp genes in transgenic rice. | plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) are encoded by a multigene family and support physiological functions, which remain unclear. we adapted an efficient ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (lm-pcr) procedure that enabled isolation of 22 novel triticum aestivum nsltp (taltp) genes encoding types 1 and 2 nsltps. a phylogenetic tree clustered the wheat nsltps into ten subfamilies comprising 1-7 members. we also studied the activity of four type 1 and two type 2 taltp gene pr ... | 2007 | 16983534 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization and disease resistance observation of wheat-dasypyrum breviaristatum partial amphiploid and its derivatives. | a wheat-dasypyrum breviaristatum partial amphiploid and its derivatives were analyzed by molecular cytological observation and tested for disease resistance in order to evaluate the potential use of the d. breviaristatum for wheat improvement. a fertility-improved partial amphiploid, tdh-2, was produced from the selfing population of triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring (cs)-d. breviaristatum amphiploid. based on the results obtained from genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and seed protein ele ... | 2005 | 16970616 |
| pm34: a new powdery mildew resistance gene transferred from aegilops tauschii coss. to common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | powdery mildew is a major fungal disease in wheat growing areas worldwide. a novel source of resistance to wheat powdery mildew present in the germplasm line nc97bgtd7 was genetically characterized as a monogenic trait in greenhouse and field trials using f(2) derived lines from a nc97bgtd7 x saluda cross. microsatellite markers were used to map and tag this resistance gene, now designated pm34. three co-dominant microsatellite markers linked to pm34 were identified and their most likely order w ... | 2006 | 16953419 |
| tolerance of photosynthesis to photoinhibition, high temperature and drought stress in flag leaves of wheat: a comparison between a hybridization line and its parents grown under field conditions. | photosynthesis and its tolerance to photoinhibition, high temperature and drought stress of flag leaves were investigated in a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) hybridization line (1-12) and its parents (jing-411 and xiaoyan-54). from the beginning of flowering to the 10th day, light-saturated co(2) assimilation rate (p(max)) showed no significant decrease and p(max) of 1-12 was comparable to that of its parents. from the 20th day, p(max) decreased significantly and this decrease was much less in 1-1 ... | 2006 | 22980209 |
| characterization of three low-molecular-weight glu-d3 subunit genes in common wheat. | low-molecular-weight glutenins (lmw-gs) in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are of great importance for processing quality of pan bread and noodles. the objectives of this study are to identify lmw-gs coding genes at glud3 locus on chromosome 1d and to establish relationships between these genes and glud3 alleles (a, b, c, d, and e) defined by protein electrophoretic mobility. specific primer sets were designed to amplify each of the three lmw-gs chromosome 1d gene regions including upstream, ... | 2006 | 16941095 |
| synthesis and characterization of n-acylaniline derivatives as potential chemical hybridizing agents (chas) for wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | induction of male sterility by deployment of chemical hybridizing agents (chas) are important in heterosis breeding of self-pollinated crops like wheat, wherein the male and female organs are in the same flower. taking a lead from the earlier work on rice, a total of 25 n-acylanilines comprising of malonanilates, acetoacetanilides, and acetanilides (including halogenated acetanilides) were synthesized and screened as chas on three genotypes of wheat, viz., pbw 343, hd 2046, and hd 2733 at 1500 p ... | 2006 | 16939342 |
| construction of comparative genetic maps of two 4bs.4bl-5rl translocations in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the physical length of the rye segment of a 4bs.4bl-5rl translocation derived from the cornell wheat selection 82a1-2-4-7 in a triticum aestivum 'chinese spring' background was measured using genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and found to be 16% of the long arm. the size of this translocation was similar to previously published gish measurements of another 4bs.4bl-5rl translocation in a triticum aestivum 'viking' wheat background. molecular maps of both 4bs.4bl-5rl translocations for 2 differ ... | 2006 | 16936781 |
| development and genetic mapping of sequence-tagged microsatellites (stms) in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the density of ssrs on the published genetic map of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has steadily increased over the last few years. this has improved the efficiency of marker-assisted breeding and certain types of genetic research by providing more choice in the quality of ssrs and a greater chance of finding polymorphic markers in any cross for a chromosomal region of interest. increased ssr density on the published wheat genetic map will further enhance breeding and research efforts. here, ... | 2006 | 16932882 |
| heterosis in root development and differential gene expression between hybrids and their parental inbreds in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | in spite of commercial use of heterosis in agriculture, the molecular basis of heterosis is poorly understood. in this study, heterosis was estimated for eight root traits in 20 wheat hybrids derived from a nc design ii mating scheme. positive mid-parent heterosis was detected in 96 of 160 hybrid-trait combinations, and positive high-parent heterosis was detected in 79 of 160 hybrid-trait combinations. improved differential display was used to analyze alterations in gene expression between hybri ... | 2006 | 16932881 |
| variation in oxygen isotope fractionation during cellulose synthesis: intramolecular and biosynthetic effects. | the oxygen isotopic composition of plant cellulose is commonly used for the interpretations of climate, ecophysiology and dendrochronology in both modern and palaeoenvironments. further applications of this analytical tool depends on our in-depth knowledge of the isotopic fractionations associated with the biochemical pathways leading to cellulose. here, we test two important assumptions regarding isotopic effects resulting from the location of oxygen in the carbohydrate moiety and the biosynthe ... | 2006 | 16930314 |
| sequence upstream of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) almt1 gene and its relationship to aluminum resistance. | aluminum (al) resistance in wheat relies on the al-activated malate efflux from root apices, which appears to be controlled by an al-activated anion transporter encoded by the almt1 gene on chromosome 4dl. genomic regions upstream and downstream of almt1 in 69 wheat lines were characterized to identify patterns that might influence almt1 expression. the first 1,000 bp downstream of almt1 was conserved among the lines examined apart from the presence of a transposon-like sequence which did not co ... | 2006 | 16928694 |
| advanced resources for plant genomics: a bac library specific for the short arm of wheat chromosome 1b. | common wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42) is a polyploid species possessing one of the largest genomes among the cultivated crops (1c is approximately 17 000 mb). the presence of three homoeologous genomes (a, b and d), and the prevalence of repetitive dna make sequencing the wheat genome a daunting task. we have developed a novel 'chromosome arm-based' strategy for wheat genome sequencing to simplify this task; this relies on sub-genomic libraries of large dna inserts. in this paper, we ... | 2006 | 16911585 |
| mitochondrial microsatellite variability in common wheat and its ancestral species. | on the basis of the entire mitochondrial dna sequence of common wheat, triticum aestivum, 21 mitochondrial microsatellite loci having more than ten mononucleotide repeats were identified. the mitochondrial microsatellite variability at all loci was examined with 43 accessions from 11 triticum and aegilops species involved in wheat polyploidy evolution. polymorphic banding patterns were obtained at 15 out of 21 mitochondrial microsatellite loci. the number of alleles per polymorphic microsatellit ... | 2006 | 16905875 |
| homoeologous gene silencing in hexaploid wheat. | the vast majority of angiosperms are (or were once) polyploid, and as hexaploid bread wheat has undergone two ploidy events separated by approximately 0.5 million years, it represents an elegant model to study gene silencing over time in polyploids. using an sscp platform, we have analysed patterns of transcriptional silencing (frequency, genome identity and organ specificity) within 236 single-copy genes, each mapping to one locus on one of the three homoeologous chromosomes within groups 1, 2, ... | 2006 | 16899084 |
| development of simple sequence repeat markers specific for the lr34 resistance region of wheat using sequence information from rice and aegilops tauschii. | hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) originated about 8,000 years ago from the hybridization of tetraploid wheat with diploid aegilops tauschii coss. containing the d-genome. thus, the bread wheat d-genome is evolutionary young and shows a low degree of polymorphism in the bread wheat gene pool. to increase marker density around the durable leaf rust resistance gene lr34 located on chromosome 7ds, we used molecular information from the orthologous region in rice. wheat expressed sequence tags ... | 2006 | 16896711 |
| identification of genetic loci associated with ear-emergence in bread wheat. | a doubled haploid population constructed from a cross between the south australian wheat cultivars 'trident' and 'molineux' was grown under winter field conditions, under field conditions over summer and under artificial light both with and without vernalisation. the duration from planting to ear-emergence was recorded and qtl associated with heading date were detected using a previously constructed genetic linkage map. associations were shown with chromosomal regions syntenous to previously ide ... | 2006 | 16896709 |
| molecular and functional analysis of new members of the wheat pr4 gene family. | five new genes belonging to the pathogenesis-related (pr) 4 family have been cloned and characterised in triticum aestivum. two full-length genes, named wpr4e and wpr4f-b, were isolated by library screening, demonstrating the presence of a small intron only in wpr4f-b. two other pr4 genes (wpr4f-a and wpr4f-c) were isolated by pcr, showing very high sequence identity with wpr4f-b and constituting a new sub-family. transcription start analysis was performed by rlm-race, leading to the isolation o ... | 2006 | 16895481 |
| transcriptional profiling of summer wheat, grown under different realistic uv-b irradiation regimes. | there is limited information on the impact of present-day ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation on a reprogramming of gene expression in crops. summer wheat was cultivated in controlled environmental facilities under simulated realistic climatic conditions. we investigated the effect of different regimes of uv-b radiation on summer wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars nandu, star and turbo. until recently, these were most important in bavaria. different cultivars of crops often show great differences ... | 2007 | 16893592 |
| construction of a primary rh panel of italian ryegrass genome via uv-induced protoplast fusion. | symmetric and asymmetric somatic hybrids were produced via protoplast fusion between common wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) cv. "jinan 177" and italian ryegrass ( lolium multiflorum lam.). the ryegrass without or with uv irradiation was used as a donor, providing a small amount of chromatin. in these somatic hybrids, most ryegrass chromosomes have been confirmed preferential elimination and the somatic hybrid calli and plants showed wheat-like morphology. some of the hybrid lines were used for the ... | 2006 | 16883487 |
| [activity of nadp-dependent glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in wheat leaves under water stress]. | the activities of nadp: glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), an enzyme complex comprising of phosphoglycerate kinase (ec 2.7.2.3) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.2.1.13), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepk; ec 4.1.1.31) in seedlings and leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants of the cultivars mironovskaya 808 and lutescens 758 have been compared under conditions of normal water supply, water deficiency, and subsequent rehydration. gapdh activity, which de ... | 2015 | 16878554 |
| comparative mapping of genes for glume colouration and pubescence in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | microsatellite markers were used to map the major genes bg (determining black glume colour), rg1 and rg3 (red glume), and a locus determining smokey-grey coloured glume to the distal ends of the short arms of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes, proximally (or closely linked) to xgwm1223 and distal to xgwm0033. on this basis, we propose that these genes represent a set of homoeoloci, designated rg-a1, rg-b1, and rg-d1. rg3 and bg appear to be variant alleles of rg-a1. both rg3 and bg are closel ... | 2006 | 16874490 |
| [identification of efficient leaf-rust resistance genes in wheat (triticum aestivum) using sts markers]. | molecular sts markers j13, gb, and j09 were used for screening wheat (triticum aestivum l.) accessions previously found to possess leaf-rust resistance genes according to test crosses or phytopathological tests. specific amplicons were detected in all accessions assumed to possess the lr9 gene, in nine of ten accessions with the conjectured lr19 gene, and in 13 of 29 accessions with the conjectured lr24 gene. application of sts markers to identification of accessions possessing efficient leaf-ru ... | 2006 | 16871786 |
| [production of wheat-rye substitution lines and identification of chromosome composition of karyotypes using c-banding, gish, and ssr markers]. | based on the cross (triticum aestivum l. x secale cereale l.) x t. aestivum l., wheat-rye substitution lines (2n = 42) were produced with karyotypes containing, instead of a pair of homologous wheat chromosomes, a homeologous pair of rye chromosomes. the chromosome composition of these lines was described by gish and c-banding methods, and ssr analysis. the results of genomic in situ hybridization demonstrated that karyotype of these lines included one pair of rye chromosomes each and lacked whe ... | 2006 | 16871784 |
| [snp markers: methods of analysis, ways of development, and comparison on an example of common wheat]. | snps (single nucleotide polymorphisms), which belong to the last-generation molecular markers, occur at high frequencies in both animal and plant genomes. the development of snp markers allows to automatize and enhance tenfolds the effectiveness of genotype analysis. this review summarizes literature data on methods of snp polymorphism analysis. various methods of developing snp markers are considered, taking common wheat triticum aestivum l. as an example. these markers are compared to other dn ... | 2006 | 16871776 |
| abscisic acid and ethylene interact in wheat grains in response to soil drying during grain filling. | grain filling is an intensive transportation process regulated by soil drying and plant hormones. this study investigated how the interaction between abscisic acid (aba) and ethylene is involved in mediating the effects of soil drying on grain filling in wheat (triticum aestivum). two wheat cultivars, cv. yangmai 6 and cv. yangmai 11, were field-grown, and three irrigation treatments, well-watered, moderately soil-dried (md) and severely soil-dried (sd), were imposed from 9 d post anthesis until ... | 2006 | 16866937 |
| [beginning and duration of expression of photoperiodic response genes in winter common wheat]. | the influence of various ppd genes on the beginning and duration of photoperiodic responce has been investigated in near isogenic lines of winter bread wheat mironovskaya 808. during ontogenesis the photoperiodic responce is ascertained from the middle 2nd stage of ontogenesis according to kuperman (usually a week later after vernalization completion in winter genotypes) and it is completed to the late 5th stage (2-3 weeks before heading). different ppd alleles do not affect the photoreaction in ... | 2008 | 16865983 |
| characterization and expression of 42 mads-box genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | mads-box genes form a large family of transcription factors and play important roles in flower development and organ differentiation in plants. in this study, 42 wheat cdnas encoding putative mads-box genes were isolated. blastx searches and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the cdnas represented 12 of the 14 mads-box gene subfamilies. taagl14 and taagl15 formed a new subfamily along with a rice gene osmads32. rt-pcr analysis revealed that these genes had different exprsssion patterns in diff ... | 2006 | 16858583 |
| effects of genotype and environment on the antioxidant properties of hard winter wheat bran. | recent consumer interest in controlling and preventing chronic diseases through improved diet has promoted research on the bioactive components of agricultural products. wheat is an important agricultural and dietary commodity worldwide with known antioxidant properties concentrated mostly in the bran fraction. the objective of this study was to determine the relative contributions of genotype (g) and growing environment (e) to hard winter wheat bran antioxidant properties, as well as correlatio ... | 2006 | 16848511 |
| efficient embryogenesis and regeneration in freshly isolated and cultured wheat (triticum aestivum l.) microspores without stress pretreatment. | the major advantage of doubled haploids in plant breeding is the immediate achievement of complete homozygosity. desired genotypes are thus fixed in one generation, reducing time and cost for cultivar or inbred development. among the different technologies to produce doubled haploids, microspore embryogenesis is by far the most common. it usually requires reprogramming of microspores by stress such as cold, heat, and starvation, followed by embryo development under stress-free conditions. we rep ... | 2006 | 16841216 |
| [effects of elicitors on aphid growth and development and on specific genes expression in wheat]. | this paper studied the development duration, adult weight, and mean relative growth rate (mrgr) of aphid schizapis graminum, and the specific genes expression in wheat variety 98-10-30 (triticum aestivum) after treated with different elicitors. the results showed that needling penetration, aphid feeding and bth application could shorten the development duration of the aphid and decrease its adult weight, but had no significant effect on aphid mrgr. different elicitors induced different specific ... | 2006 | 16836099 |
| calcium is essential for fructan synthesis induction mediated by sucrose in wheat. | the role of ca(2+) in the induction of enzymes involved in fructan synthesis (fss) mediated by sucrose was studied in wheat (triticum aestivum). increase of fss enzyme activity and induction of the expression of their coding genes by sucrose were inhibited in leaf blades treated with chelating agents (edta, egta and bapta). ca(2+) channel blockers (lanthanum chloride and ruthenium red) also inhibited the fss response to sucrose, suggesting the participation of ca(2+) from both extra- and intra- ... | 2006 | 16835761 |
| tissue expression map of a large number of expressed sequence tags and its application to in silico screening of stress response genes in common wheat. | in order to assess global changes in gene expression patterns in stress-induced tissues, we conducted large-scale analysis of expressed sequence tags (ests) in common wheat. twenty-one cdna libraries derived from stress-induced tissues, such as callus, as well as liquid cultures and abiotic stress conditions (temperature treatment, desiccation, photoperiod, moisture and aba) were constructed. several thousand colonies were randomly selected from each of these 21 cdna libraries and sequenced from ... | 2006 | 16832693 |
| dissecting a wheat qtl for yield present in a range of environments: from the qtl to candidate genes. | previous studies with 95 bread wheat doubled haploid lines (dhls) from the cross chinese spring (cs)xsq1 trialled over 24 yearxtreatmentxlocations identified major yield quantitative trait loci (qtls) in homoeologous locations on 7al and 7bl, expressed mainly under stressed and non-stressed conditions, respectively. sq1 and cs contributed alleles increasing yield on 7al and 7bl, respectively. the yield component most strongly associated with these qtls was grains per ear. additional results whic ... | 2006 | 16831847 |
| long-term cropping system effects on carbon sequestration in eastern oregon. | soil organic carbon (soc) has beneficial effects on soil quality and productivity. cropping systems that maintain and/or improve levels of soc may lead to sustainable crop production. this study evaluated the effects of long-term cropping systems on c sequestration. soil samples were taken at 0- to 10-, 10- to 20-, 20- to 30-, and 30- to 40-cm soil depth profiles from grass pasture (gp), conventional tillage (ct) winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-fallow (ctwf), and fertilized and unfertilized ... | 2017 | 16825475 |
| characterization using raman microspectroscopy of arabinoxylans in the walls of different cell types during the development of wheat endosperm. | the time course and pattern of arabinoxylan deposition in the wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm during grain development were studied using raman spectroscopy. the presence of arabinoxylans (ax) is detected at the beginning of grain filling. at this stage, ax appear more substituted than at the later stages. feruloylation of ax increases during the grain-filling stage, especially in the case of the aleurone layer. whatever the stage of grain development, four populations of cells could be defi ... | 2006 | 16819924 |
| genetic characteristic of high molecular weight glutenin subunits in somatic hybrid wheat lines -- potential application to wheat breeding. | analysis of 17 derivatives from a somatic fusion between common wheat (triticum aestivum) and tall wheat grass (thinopyrum ponticum) showed a diversity of high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) compositions. on the basis of the inheritance of hmw-gs patterns, the derivatives were either (i) bred true over four successive generations, (ii) generated a few novel hmw-gs combinations at each generation, or (iii) showed highly unstable hmw-gs compositions. hmw-gs analysis of f(5) seed and ea ... | 2006 | 16819909 |
| [inheritance of the foreign gene 1ax1 in transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with gene cassettes lacking vector backbone sequences]. | transformation with gene minimal expression cassettes without vector backbone sequence is a new transformation technique. in the current research, the inheritance of the foreign 1ax1 gene cassettes were analyzed in transgenic plants recovered with gene cassettes lacking vector backbone sequences. the results showed that linear 1ax1 gene cassettes were stably expressed and separated at the rate of 3 to 1 in the seeds of t1 generation. it suggested the functional copies of 1ax1 gene cassettes were ... | 2006 | 16818432 |
| effect of temperature, exposure interval, and depth of diatomaceous earth treatment on distribution, mortality, and progeny production of lesser grain borer (coleoptera: bostrichidae) in stored wheat. | diatomaceous earth (de) can be used as a surface treatment in stored wheat triticum aestivum (l.) to control pest infestations. however, it is not known how the thickness of the de-treated wheat layer or grain temperature impact effectiveness. therefore, we conducted an experiment in growth chambers to assess the effect of different surface layers of hard winter wheat combined with de on spatial distribution, adult survival, and progeny production of lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) ... | 2006 | 16813345 |
| biotypic diversity in greenbug (hemiptera: aphididae): characterizing new virulence and host associations. | biotypic diversity of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani) (hemiptera: aphididae), was assessed among populations collected from cultivated wheat, triticum aestivum l., and sorghum, sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, and their associated noncultivated grass hosts. greenbugs were collected during may through august 2002 from 30 counties of kansas, nebraska, oklahoma, and texas. discounting the presumptive biotype a, five of the remaining nine letter-designated greenbug biotypes were collected; h ... | 2006 | 16813337 |
| [identification of leaf rust resistance genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars using molecular markers]. | a collection of 68 cultivars of common wheat has been screened for leaf rust resistance genes with the use of molecular markers. markers of genes lr1, lr9, lr10, lr19, lr20, lr21, lr24, and lr26 have been used. it has been suggested that allele xgwm295 be used as a marker for identifying the lr34 gene. the genes originating from triticum aestivum l., as well as the lr26 gene contained in rye translocation 1rs, are the most frequent. genes originating from wild wheats were rarer in the cultivars ... | 2006 | 16808248 |
| wheat nitrogen metabolism during grain filling: comparative role of glumes and the flag leaf. | the mobilization of nitrogen (n) compounds and the roles played by glumes and the flag leaf during grain filling were studied in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. florida) grown under field conditions. glumes lost twice as much of their total n content as that lost by the flag leaf between the milk and early dough stages. in the flag leaf, glumes and grains, glu, asp, ser and ala accounted for 85% of all the reductions in the free amino acid pool. principal component analysis of free amino a ... | 2006 | 16804706 |
| a comprehensive view on organ-specific callose synthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.): glucan synthase-like gene expression, callose synthase activity, callose quantification and deposition. | callose ((1,3)-beta-glucan) is important during basic developmental processes of plants, but only little is known about the regulation of callose biosynthesis on molecular level. growing evidence indicates that glucan synthase-like (gsl) genes in higher plants are involved in callose synthesis. we analyzed the expression of eight gsl genes (tagsl) as well as callose synthase activity and total callose content in the stem, leaf blade and spike of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). organ-specific expre ... | 2006 | 16777426 |
| glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase contribute differentially to proline accumulation in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings exposed to different salinity. | to investigate the roles of ammonium-assimilating enzymes in proline synthesis under salinity stress, the activities of glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) and nadh-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (nadh-gdh; ec 1.4.1.2) were determined in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings exposed to salt stress at 150 and 300 mm nacl for 5d. at the lower salinity, only gs activity increased markedly. at 300 mm nacl, however, nadh-gdh activity increased while gs activity decreased. a significant a ... | 2007 | 16777263 |
| cloning and molecular characterization of three novel lmw-i glutenin subunit genes from cultivated einkorn (triticum monococcum l.). | three novel low molecular weight (lmw) glutenin subunits from cultivated einkorn (triticum monococcum l., a(m)a(m), 2n = 2x = 14) were characterized by sds-page and molecular weights determined by maldi-tof-ms. their coding genes were amplified and cloned with designed as-pcr primers, revealing three complete gene sequences. all comprised upstream, open reading frame (orf), downstream and no introns were present. the deduced amino acid sequences showed that all three genes, named as lmw-m1, lmw- ... | 2006 | 16775696 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for low-temperature tolerance in cold-hardy winter wheat. | low-temperature (lt) tolerance is an important economic trait in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that determines the plants' ability to cope with below freezing temperatures. essential elements of the lt tolerance mechanism are associated with the winter growth habit controlled by the vernalization loci (vrn-1) on the group 5 chromosomes. to identify genomic regions, which in addition to vrn-1 determine the level of lt tolerance in hexaploid wheat, two doubled haploid (dh) mapping population ... | 2007 | 16775685 |
| effects of osmotic stress on the kinds, forms and levels of polyamines in wheat coleoptiles. | the changes in levels and forms of polyamine (pa) in the coleoptiles of two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars differing in drought tolerance were investigated under osmotic stress. the drought-tolerant 'yumai 18' showed marked increases in free spermidine (spd) and spermine (spm) levels in coleoptiles after being treated with polyethylene glycol (peg)-6000 for 2 d in the dark, while drought-sensitive 'yangmai 9' showed a significant increase in free putrescine (put) content. treatment of co ... | 2006 | 16775396 |
| distribution of dart, aflp, and ssr markers in a genetic linkage map of a doubled-haploid hexaploid wheat population. | a genetic linkage mapping study was conducted in 93 doubled-haploid lines derived from a cross between triticum aestivum l. em. thell 'arina' and a norwegian spring wheat breeding line, nk93604, using diversity arrays technology (dart), amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp), and simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. the objective of this study was to understand the distribution, redundancy, and segregation distortion of dart markers in comparison with aflp and ssr markers. the map contai ... | 2006 | 16767179 |
| use of a large-scale triticeae expressed sequence tag resource to reveal gene expression profiles in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the us wheat genome project, funded by the national science foundation, developed the first large public triticeae expressed sequence tag (est) resource. altogether, 116,272 ests were produced, comprising 100,674 5' ests and 15 598 3' ests. these ests were derived from 42 cdna libraries, which were created from hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and its close relatives, including diploid wheat (t. monococcum l. and aegilops speltoides l.), tetraploid wheat (t. turgidum l.), and rye (se ... | 2006 | 16767178 |
| isolation and characterization of ssr sequences from the genome and tac clones of common wheat using the pcr technique. | we have developed the 2-step pcr method, a kind of suppression pcr procedure, to isolate simple sequence repeats (ssrs) from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in a more convenient manner. this system requires neither genomic library screening nor the ssr-enrichment procedure. as a result, we designed 131 primer pairs based on isolated ssrs from not only genomic dna, but also transformation-competent artificial chromosome (tac) clones. it has been demonstrated that 34 of the 131 ssr markers dev ... | 2006 | 16767168 |
| [optimization of biological and physical parameters for biolistic genetic transformation of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using a particle inflow gun]. | the parameters for delivery of expression cassettes to cells of wheat morphogenic callus induced from immature embryos were optimized. three systems (gradation, delayed, and regeneration) for in vitro selection of transgenic wheat tissue using the bar gene, providing resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin (ppt), were compared. the efficiency of gene delivery to the cells competent for plant regeneration was assessed by comparing the number of spots transiently expressing uida gene (encodin ... | 2006 | 16756070 |
| differential regulation of transcript accumulation and alternative splicing of a dreb2 homolog under abiotic stress conditions in common wheat. | a number of cold responsive (cor)/late embryogenesis abundant (lea) genes are induced by both low temperature (lt) and dehydration. to understand the molecular basis of cold acclimation and its relationship with drought stress response in wheat seedlings, we isolated a dreb2 homolog wdreb2, which is the candidate gene for a transcription factor of the cor/lea genes. the wdreb2 expression was activated by cold, drought, salt and exogenous aba treatment. detailed expression studies of wdreb2 indic ... | 2006 | 16755132 |
| effects of oxalate and phosphate on the release of arsenic from contaminated soils and arsenic accumulation in wheat. | oxalate is exuded by plants in the rhizosphere and plays an important role in the soil/root interactions. phosphate fertilizer is widely used all over the world and may influence the behavior of arsenic (as) in soils. in this study oxalate and phosphate were used as extractants to investigate their effects on the release of as from three as-contaminated soils and the chemical speciation of as. concentrations of arsenite (as(iii)) and arsenate (as(v)) released progressively increased by increasin ... | 2006 | 16750554 |
| the two main endoproteases present in dark-induced senescent wheat leaves are distinct subtilisin-like proteases. | we have previously reported the occurrence of two serine endoproteases (referred to as p1 and p2) in dark-induced senescent wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. p1 enzyme was already purified and identified as a subtilisin-like serine endoprotease (roberts et al. in physiol plant 118:483-490, 2003). in this paper, we demonstrate by western blot analysis of extracts obtained from dark-induced senescent leaves that an antiserum raised against p1 was able to recognise a second protein band of 78 kd ... | 2006 | 16741746 |
| transferable bread wheat est-ssrs can be useful for phylogenetic studies among the triticeae species. | the genetic similarity between 150 accessions, representing 14 diploidand polyploid species of the triticeae tribe, was investigated following the upgma clustering method. seventy-three common wheat est-derived ssr markers (est-ssrs) that were demonstrated to be transferable across several wheat-related species were used. when diploid species only are concerned, all the accessions bearing the same genome were clustered together without ambiguity while the separation between the different sub-spe ... | 2006 | 16736140 |