| natural variation of rice strigolactone biosynthesis is associated with the deletion of two max1 orthologs. | rice (oryza sativa) cultivar azucena--belonging to the japonica subspecies--exudes high strigolactone (sl) levels and induces high germination of the root parasitic plant striga hermonthica. consistent with the fact that sls also inhibit shoot branching, azucena is a low-tillering variety. in contrast, bala, an indica cultivar, is a low-sl producer, stimulates less striga germination, and is highly tillered. using a bala × azucena f6 population, a major quantitative trait loci--qslb1.1--for the ... | 2014 | 24464483 |
| qtl mapping and development of candidate gene-derived dna markers associated with seedling cold tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | cold stress at the seedling stage is a major threat to rice production. cold tolerance is controlled by complex genetic factors. we used an f7 recombinant inbred line (ril) population of 123 individuals derived from a cross of the cold-tolerant japonica cultivar jinbu and the cold-susceptible indica cultivar br29 for qtl mapping. phenotypic evaluation of the parents and rils in an 18/8 °c (day/night) cold stress regime revealed continuous variation for cold tolerance. six qtls including two on c ... | 2014 | 24464311 |
| genomewide discovery of dna polymorphisms in rice cultivars with contrasting drought and salinity stress response and their functional relevance. | next-generation sequencing technologies provide opportunities to understand the genetic basis of phenotypic differences, such as abiotic stress response, even in the closely related cultivars via identification of large number of dna polymorphisms. we performed whole-genome resequencing of three rice cultivars with contrasting responses to drought and salinity stress (sensitive ir64, drought-tolerant nagina 22 and salinity-tolerant pokkali). more than 356 million 90-bp paired-end reads were gene ... | 2014 | 24460890 |
| genome-wide analysis of radiation-induced mutations in rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica). | radiation has been efficiently used for rice germplasm innovation. however, the molecular mechanisms by which radiation induces mutations are still unclear. in this study, we performed whole genome sequencing to reveal the comprehensive mutations in rice treated with radiation. red-1 (a rice rich in beneficial ingredients for human health) was derived from rice 9311 after γ-radiation. solexa sequencing technology was applied to uncover the mutations. compared with the 9311 genome, 9.19% of genom ... | 2014 | 24457353 |
| floury endosperm6 encodes a cbm48 domain-containing protein involved in compound granule formation and starch synthesis in rice endosperm. | starch is the most widespread form of energy storage in the plant kingdom. although many enzymes and related factors have been identified for starch biosynthesis, unknown players remain to be identified, given that it is a complicated and sophisticated process. the endosperm of rice (oryza sativa) has been used for the study of starch synthesis. here, we report the cloning and characterization of the floury endosperm6 (flo6) gene in rice. in the flo6 mutant, the starch content is decreased and t ... | 2014 | 24456533 |
| the contribution of serf1 to root-to-shoot signaling during salinity stress in rice. | stress perception and communication play important roles in the adaptation of plants to changing environmental conditions. plant roots are the first organs to detect changes in the soil water potential induced by salt stress. in the presence of salinity stress, root-to-shoot communication occurs to adjust the growth of the whole plant. so far, the phytohormone abscisic acid (aba), hydraulic signals and reactive oxygen species (ros) have been proposed to mediate this communication under salt stre ... | 2014 | 24451326 |
| biosynthesis, elicitation and roles of monocot terpenoid phytoalexins. | a long-standing goal in plant research is to optimize the protective function of biochemical agents that impede pest and pathogen attack. nearly 40 years ago, pathogen-inducible diterpenoid production was described in rice, and these compounds were shown to function as antimicrobial phytoalexins. using rice and maize as examples, we discuss recent advances in the discovery, biosynthesis, elicitation and functional characterization of monocot terpenoid phytoalexins. the recent expansion of known ... | 2014 | 24450747 |
| overexpression of osktn80a, a katanin p80 ortholog, caused the repressed cell elongation and stalled cell division mediated by microtubule apparatus defects in primary root in oryza sativa. | katanin, a microtubule-severing enzyme, consists of two subunits: the catalytic subunit p60, and the regulatory subunit p80. in several species, p80 functions in meiotic spindle organization, the flagella biogenesis, the neuronal development, and the male gamete production. however, the p80 function in higher plants remains elusive. in this study, we found that there are three katanin p80 orthologs (osktn80a, osktn80b, and osktn80c) in oryza sativa l. overexpression of osktn80a caused the retard ... | 2014 | 24450597 |
| gene expression and nucleotide composition are associated with genic methylation level in oryza sativa. | the methylation of cytosines at cpg dinucleotides, which plays an important role in gene expression regulation, is one of the most studied epigenetic modifications. thus far, the detection of dna methylation has been determined mostly by experimental methods, which are not only prone to bench effects and artifacts but are also time-consuming, expensive, and cannot be easily scaled up to many samples. it is therefore useful to develop computational prediction methods for dna methylation. our prev ... | 2014 | 24447369 |
| red and blue lights induced oxidative stress tolerance promote cadmium rhizocomplexation in oryza sativa. | cadmium (cd) accumulation and related stress responses have been investigated in red, blue and white lights exposed oryza sativa l. cv mtu 7029. cd translocation was reduced significantly by red and blue lights. increase in amount of organic acids, thiols, and nutrients in the roots that cause cd rhizocomplexation was the reason for reduction in cd translocation. these effects were due to higher efficiency to perform photosynthesis and transpiration under red or blue lights compare with white li ... | 2014 | 24444775 |
| do the rich always become richer? characterizing the leaf physiological response of the high-yielding rice cultivar takanari to free-air co2 enrichment. | the development of crops which are well suited to growth under future environmental conditions such as higher atmospheric co2 concentrations ([co2]) is essential to meeting the challenge of ensuring food security in the face of the growing human population and changing climate. a high-yielding indica rice variety (oryza sativa l. cv. takanari) has been recently identified as a potential candidate for such breeding, due to its high productivity in present [co2]. to test if it could further increa ... | 2014 | 24443497 |
| chelator-induced phytoextraction of zinc and copper by rice seedlings. | solution culture was carried to investigate capacity of synthetic aminopolycarboxylic acids (ethylenediamine tetraacetate, n-hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid, and diethylenetriamine-pentaacetate) for enhancing botanical removal and transport of heavy metals (cu and zn) by plants. biodegradable organic acids (citric acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid) were also selected as alternatives to compare them with synthesized chelating agents for effectiveness. young rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv ... | 2014 | 24442416 |
| epigenetic responses to drought stress in rice (oryza sativa l.). | cytosine methylation polymorphism plays a key role in gene regulation, mainly in expression of genes in crop plants. the differential expression of cytosine methylation over drought stress response was analyzed in rice using drought susceptible but agronomically superior lines ir 20 and co 43, and drought tolerant genotypes pl and pmk 3 and their f1 hybrids. the parents and hybrids were subjected to two moisture regimes viz., one under drought condition and another under control condition. the c ... | 2013 | 24431506 |
| heat and chilling induced disruption of redox homeostasis and its regulation by hydrogen peroxide in germinating rice seeds (oryza sativa l., cultivar ratna). | extremes of temperature (both heat and chilling) during early inbibitional phase of germination caused disruption of redox-homeostasis by increasing accumulation of reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) and significant reduction of antioxidative defense (assessed in terms of total thiol content and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) in germinating tissues of rice (oryza sativa l., cultivar ratna). imbibitional heat a ... | 2013 | 24431487 |
| rice alcohol dehydrogenase 1 promotes survival and has a major impact on carbohydrate metabolism in the embryo and endosperm when seeds are germinated in partially oxygenated water. | rice (oryza sativa) has the rare ability to germinate and elongate a coleoptile under oxygen-deficient conditions, which include both hypoxia and anoxia. it has previously been shown that alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (adh1) is required for cell division and cell elongation in the coleoptile of submerged rice seedlings by means of studies using a rice adh1-deficient mutant, reduced adh activity (rad). the aim of this study was to understand how low adh1 in rice affects carbohydrate metabolism in the e ... | 2014 | 24431339 |
| global genomic diversity of oryza sativa varieties revealed by comparative physical mapping. | bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) physical maps embedding a large number of bac end sequences (bess) were generated for oryza sativa ssp. indica varieties minghui 63 (mh63) and zhenshan 97 (zs97) and were compared with the genome sequences of o. sativa spp. japonica cv. nipponbare and o. sativa ssp. indica cv. 93-11. the comparisons exhibited substantial diversities in terms of large structural variations and small substitutions and indels. genome-wide bac-sized and contig-sized structural v ... | 2014 | 24424778 |
| amt1;1 transgenic rice plants with enhanced nh4(+) permeability show superior growth and higher yield under optimal and suboptimal nh4(+) conditions. | the major source of nitrogen for rice (oryza sativa l.) is ammonium (nh4(+)). the nh4(+) uptake of roots is mainly governed by membrane transporters, with osamt1;1 being a prominent member of the osamt1 gene family that is known to be involved in nh4(+) transport in rice plants. however, little is known about its involvement in nh4(+) uptake in rice roots and subsequent effects on nh4(+) assimilation. this study shows that osamt1;1 is a constitutively expressed, nitrogen-responsive gene, and its ... | 2014 | 24420570 |
| cadmium phytoavailability to rice (oryza sativa l.) grown in representative chinese soils. a model to improve soil environmental quality guidelines for food safety. | food chain contamination by cadmium (cd) is globally a serious health concern resulting in chronic abnormalities. rice is a major staple food of the majority world population, therefore, it is imperative to understand the relationship between the bioavailability of cd in soils and its accumulation in rice grain. objectives of this study were to establish environment quality standards for seven different textured soils based on human dietary toxicity, total cd content in soils and bioavailable po ... | 2014 | 24418797 |
| identification and quantification of phenolic and flavonoid components in straw and seed husk of some rice varieties (oryza sativa l.) and their antioxidant properties. | plant foods are rich sources of bioactive compounds that can act as antioxidants to prevent heart disease, reduce inflammation, reduce the incidence of cancers and diabetes. this study aimed to determine the phenolics and flavonoids profiling in three varieties of rice straw and five varieties of the seed husk of iranian rice using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). furthermore, the antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph ... | 2014 | 24415452 |
| the effects of oil well drill cuttings on soil and rice plant development (oryza sativa) under two redox conditions. | few studies have focused on the release of toxic elements from oil well drill cuttings and their effect on soil. the present study evaluated these effects using rice growth as the endpoint. drill cuttings were collected from a brazilian well and added in doses of 300, 3,000 and 6,000 mg kg(-1) soil, which was maintained at oxidized or reduced conditions. when the redox potential reached approximately -250 mv, barium concentrations were determined by geochemical fractionation. overall, doses of 3 ... | 2014 | 24414162 |
| deep re-sequencing of a widely used maintainer line of hybrid rice for discovery of dna polymorphisms and evaluation of genetic diversity. | genetic diversity within parental lines of hybrid rice is the foundation of heterosis utilization and yield improvement. previous studies have suggested that genetic diversity was narrow in cytoplasmic male sterile (cms/a line) and restorer lines (r line) for three-line hybrid rice. however, the genetic diversity within maintainer lines (b line), especially at a genome-wide scale, remains largely unknown. in the present study, we performed deep re-sequencing of the elite maintainer line v20b (or ... | 2014 | 24414128 |
| osrpk1, a novel leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, negatively regulates polar auxin transport and root development in rice. | leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases (lrr-rlks) represent the largest subfamily of putative rlks in plants. although several members in this subfamily have been identified, the studies about the relationships between lrr-rlks and root development are still few. we previously identified a novel lrr-rlk in rice roots, and named it osrpk1. | 2014 | 24412327 |
| root proteome of rice studied by itraq provides integrated insight into aluminum stress tolerance mechanisms in plants. | one of the major limitations to crop growth on acid soils is the prevalence of soluble aluminum ions (al(3+)). rice (oryza sativa l.) has been reported to be highly al tolerant; however, large-scale proteomic data of rice in response to al(3+) are still very scanty. here, we used an itraq-based quantitative proteomics approach for comparative analysis of the expression profiles of proteins in rice roots in response to al(3+) at an early phase. a total of 700 distinct proteins (homologous protein ... | 2014 | 24412201 |
| expression of abiotic stress inducible ethe1-like protein from rice is higher in roots and is regulated by calcium. | ethylmalonic encephalopathy protein 1 (ethe1) encodes sulfur dioxygenase (sdo) activity regulating sulfide levels in living organisms. it is an essential gene and mutations in ethe1 leads to ethylmalonic encephalopathy (ee) in humans and embryo lethality in arabidopsis. at present, very little is known regarding the role of ethe1 beyond the context of ee and almost nothing is known about factors affecting its regulation in plant systems. in this study, we have identified, cloned and characterize ... | 2014 | 24410953 |
| soil and water warming accelerates phenology and down-regulation of leaf photosynthesis of rice plants grown under free-air co2 enrichment (face). | to enable prediction of future rice production in a changing climate, we need to understand the interactive effects of temperature and elevated [co2] (e[co2]). we therefore examined if the effect of e[co2] on the light-saturated leaf photosynthetic rate (asat) was affected by soil and water temperature (nt, normal; et, elevated) under open-field conditions at the rice free-air co2 enrichment (face) facility in shizukuishi, japan, in 2007 and 2008. season-long e[co2] (+200 µmol mol(-1)) increased ... | 2014 | 24406632 |
| silicon mitigates heavy metal stress by regulating p-type heavy metal atpases, oryza sativa low silicon genes, and endogenous phytohormones. | silicon (si) application has been known to enhance the tolerance of plants against abiotic stresses. however, the protective mechanism of si under heavy metals contamination is poorly understood. the aim of this study was to assess the role of si in counteracting toxicity due to cadmium (cd) and copper (cu) in rice plants (oryza sativa). | 2014 | 24405887 |
| two hydroxypyruvate reductases encoded by oshpr1 and oshpr2 are involved in photorespiratory metabolism in rice. | mutations in the photorespiration pathway display a lethal phenotype in atmospheric air, which can be fully recovered by elevated co2 . an exception is that mutants of peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase (hpr1) do not have this phenotype, indicating the presence of cytosolic bypass in the photorespiration pathway. in this study, we constructed overexpression of the oshpr1 gene and rna interference plants of oshpr1 and oshpr2 genes in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. zhonghua 11). results from reverse ... | 2014 | 24401104 |
| internal zn allocation influences zn deficiency tolerance and grain zn loading in rice (oryza sativa l.). | one of the important factors that influences zn deficiency tolerance and grain zn loading in crops is the within-plant allocation of zn. three independent experiments were carried out to understand the internal zn distribution patterns in rice genotypes grown in zn-sufficient and zn-deficient agar nutrient solution (ans). in one of the experiments, two rice genotypes (ir55179 and kp) contrasting in zn deficiency tolerance were leaf-labeled with (65)zn. in the other two experiments, two zn biofor ... | 2013 | 24400015 |
| genetic mechanisms of postzygotic reproductive isolation: an epistatic network in rice. | products of interspecific crosses often show abnormal phenotypes such as sterility, weakness and inviability. these phenomena play an important role in speciation as mechanisms of postzygotic reproductive isolation (ri). during the past two decades, genetics studies in rice have characterized a number of gene loci responsible for postzygotic ri. i have identified 10 loci including three sets of epistatic networks in a single inter-subspecific cross (oryza sativa ssp. indica × japonica). these re ... | 2013 | 24399907 |
| comprehensive expression analysis of rice armadillo gene family during abiotic stress and development. | genes in the armadillo (arm)-repeat superfamily encode proteins with a range of developmental and physiological processes in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. these 42 amino acid, long tandem repeat-containing proteins have been abundantly recognized in many plant species. previous studies have confirmed that armadillo proteins constitute a multigene family in arabidopsis. in this study, we performed a computational analysis in the rice genome (oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica), and ident ... | 2014 | 24398598 |
| ossuv3 functions in cadmium and zinc stress tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l. cv ir64). | protein of nuclear encoded suv3 (suppressor of var 3) gene is a dna and rna helicase, localized in mitochondria and is a subunit of the degradosome complex involved in regulation of rna surveillance and turnover. to overcome the abiotic stress-induced loss of crop yield, a multi-stress tolerant trait is required. beside salinity stress the heavy metals including cadmium and zinc also affect the yield and quality of food crops. since rice is a one of the staple food therefore it is important to d ... | 2014 | 24398379 |
| effects of nad kinase 2 overexpression on primary metabolite profiles in rice leaves under elevated carbon dioxide. | the concentration of carbon dioxide (co2) in the atmosphere is projected to double by the end of the 21st century. in c3 plants, elevated co2 concentrations promote photosynthesis but inhibit the assimilation of nitrate into organic nitrogen compounds. several steps of nitrate assimilation depend on the availability of atp and sources of reducing power, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph). plastid-localised nad kinase 2 (nadk2) plays key roles in increasing the atp/adp an ... | 2014 | 24397549 |
| chitin-induced activation of immune signaling by the rice receptor cebip relies on a unique sandwich-type dimerization. | perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) through pattern recognition receptors (prrs) triggers various defense responses in plants. this mamp-triggered immunity plays a major role in the plant resistance against various pathogens. to clarify the molecular basis of the specific recognition of chitin oligosaccharides by the rice prr, cebip (chitin-elicitor binding protein), as well as the formation and activation of the receptor complex, biochemical, nmr spectroscopic, and compu ... | 2014 | 24395781 |
| molecular cloning and expression of drought-induced protein 3 (dip3) encoding a class iii chitinase in upland rice. | a drought-induced gene, dip3, encoding a chitinase iii protein was isolated from the roots of upland rice by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). sequence analysis demonstrated that the cdna and deduced protein showed high identity to oryza sativa class iii chitinase. the deduced protein contained a signal peptide sequence in the n-terminal region of 21aa and a conserved glycosyl hydrolase (gh) 18 domain. the secondary and 3d structures were analyzed and showed that it conta ... | 2013 | 24391034 |
| grain number, plant height, and heading date7 is a central regulator of growth, development, and stress response. | grain number, plant height, and heading date7 (ghd7) has been regarded as an important regulator of heading date and yield potential in rice (oryza sativa). in this study, we investigated functions of ghd7 in rice growth, development, and environmental response. as a long-day dependent negative regulator of heading date, the degree of phenotypic effect of ghd7 on heading date and yield traits is quantitatively related to the transcript level and is also influenced by both environmental condition ... | 2014 | 24390391 |
| importance of the rice tcd9 encoding α subunit of chaperonin protein 60 (cpn60α) for the chloroplast development during the early leaf stage. | the chloroplast development governs plant growth and metabolism. this study characterized a novel rice thermo-sensitive chloroplast development 9 (tcd9) mutant, which exhibited the albino phenotype before the 3-leaf stage grown below 24 °c whereas displayed normal green at over 28 °c or even at 20 °c after 5-leaf stage. the obvious decrease in chl levels, abnormal chloroplasts with few thylakoid lamella and abnormal thylakoids were observed for the albino mutant seedlings at low temperature, but ... | 2014 | 24388528 |
| uncovering legumain genes in rice. | legumains are asn specific cysteine proteases physiologically related to the biosynthesis of vacuolar components, degradation of storage proteins and programmed cell death. the present work identifies and characterizes the genic family of legumains in rice (oryza sativa), which comprises five different loci. rice legumains (osalegs) were ubiquitously detected in all plant tissues analyzed. however, phylogenetic analyses and gene expression studies demonstrated greater association of osaleg2 and ... | 2014 | 24388520 |
| evaluation of bakanae disease progression caused by fusarium fujikuroi in oryza sativa l. | bakanae disease caused by fusarium fujikuroi is an important fungal disease in rice. among the seven strains isolated from symptomatic rice grains in this study, one strain, ffb14, triggered severe root growth inhibition and decay in the crown and root of rice seedlings. the remaining six strains caused typical bakanae symptoms such as etiolation and abnormal succulent rice growth. to reveal the relationship between mycelial growth in the infected tissues and bakanae disease progression, we have ... | 2013 | 24385365 |
| overexpression of oszhd1, a zinc finger homeodomain class homeobox transcription factor, induces abaxially curled and drooping leaf in rice. | leaf rolling is receiving considerable attention as an important agronomic trait in rice (oryza sativa l.). however, little has been known on the molecular mechanism of rice leaf rolling, especially the abaxial rolling. we identified a novel abaxially curled and drooping leaf-dominant mutant from a t₁ transgenic rice line. the abaxially curled leaf phenotypes, co-segregating with the inserted transferred dna, were caused by overexpression of a zinc finger homeodomain class homeobox transcription ... | 2014 | 24385091 |
| low temperature-responsive changes in the anther transcriptome's repeat sequences are indicative of stress sensitivity and pollen sterility in rice strains. | genome-wide transcriptome analyses using microarray probes containing genes and repeat sequences have been performed to examine responses to low temperatures in rice (oryza sativa). we focused particularly on the rice anther at the booting stage, because a low temperature at this stage can result in pollen abortion. the five rice strains examined in this study showed different pollen fertilities due to a low-temperature treatment during the booting stage. the microarray analyses demonstrated tha ... | 2014 | 24376281 |
| effects of light and wounding on jasmonates in rice phyaphyc mutants. | jasmonates (ja) are lipid-derived plant hormones. they have been shown to be important regulators of photomorphogenesis, a developmental program in plants, which is activated by light through different red and blue light sensitive photoreceptors. in rice, inhibition of coleoptile growth by light is a central event in photomorphogenesis. this growth inhibition is impaired, when jasmonate biosynthesis is knocked out. previously, we found that jasmonate resistant 1 (osjar1) transcripts were not ind ... | 2014 | 27135497 |
| assessment of genetic diversity in indian rice germplasm (oryza sativa l.): use of random versus trait-linked microsatellite markers. | assessment of genetic diversity in a crop germplasm is a vital part of plant breeding. dna markers such as microsatellite or simple sequence repeat markers have been widely used to estimate the genetic diversity in rice. the present study was carried out to decipher the pattern of genetic diversity in terms of both phenotypic and genotypic variability, and to assess the efficiency of random vis-á-vis qtl linked/gene based simple sequence repeat markers in diversity estimation. a set of 88 rice a ... | 2013 | 24371175 |
| mapping quantitative trait loci associated with yield and yield components under reproductive stage salinity stress in rice (oryza sativa l.). | salinity tolerance in rice is critical at reproductive stage because it ultimately determines grain yield. an f2 mapping population derived from a sadri/fl478 cross was exposed to saline field conditions (6-8 ds m(-1)) after the active tillering stage to identify reproductive stage specific qtls for salinity tolerance. genetic linkage map was constructed using 123 microsatellite markers on 232 f2 progenies. totally 35 qtls for 11 traits under salinity stress were detected with lod > 3, out of wh ... | 2013 | 24371165 |
| the paralogous spx3 and spx5 genes redundantly modulate pi homeostasis in rice. | the importance of spx-domain-containing proteins to phosphate (pi) homeostasis and signalling transduction has been established in plants. in this study, phylogenetic analysis revealed that osspx3 and osspx5 (spx3/5) are paralogous spx genes ( syg1/pho81/xpr1) in cereal crops. spx3/5 are specifically responsive to pi starvation at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. similar tissue expression patterns of the two genes and proteins were identified by in situ hybridization and ... | 2014 | 24368504 |
| [effect of selenium on the uptake and translocation of manganese, iron, phosphorus and selenium in rice (oryza sativa l.)]. | a pot experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of selenium on the uptake and translocation of manganese (mn), iron (fe) , phosphorus (p) and selenium (se) in rice ( oryza sativa l.). the results showed that addition of se led to the significant increase of se concentration in iron plaque on the root surface, root, shoot, husk and brown rice, and significant decrease of mn concentration in shoot, husk and brown rice. at the se concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg.kg-1 in soil, mn concentrations ... | 2013 | 24364339 |
| microsatellite markers reveal multiple origins for italian weedy rice. | weedy rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the major issues of rice cultivation worldwide. in italy, it infests about 70% of the total rice area. different weedy rice populations can be distinguished based on variable morphological and physiological traits; however, little is known about genetic differentiation and origin of italian weedy rice populations. the objective of this study was to genetically and morphologically characterize and compare different italian weedy rice populations selected on ... | 2013 | 24363904 |
| carbon-14 dynamics in rice: an extension of the oryza2000 model. | carbon-14 ((14)c) is a radionuclide of major interest in nuclear power production. the fukushima accident changed the public attitude on the use of nuclear energy all over the world. in terms of nuclear safety, the need of quality-assured radiological models was emphasized by many international organizations, and for models used by decision-makers (i.e. regulatory environmental models and radiological models), a moderate conservatism, transparency, relative simplicity and user friendliness are r ... | 2014 | 24352528 |
| the tillering phenotype of the rice plastid terminal oxidase (ptox) loss-of-function mutant is associated with strigolactone deficiency. | the significance of plastid terminal oxidase (ptox) in phytoene desaturation and chloroplast function has been demonstrated using ptox-deficient mutants, particularly in arabidopsis. however, studies on its role in monocots are lacking. here, we report cloning and characterization of the rice (oryza sativa) ptox1 gene. using ecotype targeting induced local lesions in genomes (ecotilling) and tilling as forward genetic tools, we identified the causative mutation of an ems mutant characterized by ... | 2014 | 24350905 |
| evaluation of rhizosphere, rhizoplane and phyllosphere bacteria and fungi isolated from rice in kenya for plant growth promoters. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is the most important staple food crop in many developing countries, and is ranked third in kenya after maize and wheat. continuous cropping without replenishing soil nutrients is a major problem in kenya resulting to declining soil fertility. the use of chemical fertilizers to avert the problem of low soil fertility is currently limited due to rising costs and environmental concerns. many soil micro-organisms are able to solubilize the unavailable phosphorus, increase upt ... | 2013 | 24349944 |
| global expression profiling of low temperature induced genes in the chilling tolerant japonica rice jumli marshi. | low temperature is a key factor that limits growth and productivity of many important agronomical crops worldwide. rice (oryza sativa l.) is negatively affected already at temperatures below +10°c and is therefore denoted as chilling sensitive. however, chilling tolerant rice cultivars exist and can be commercially cultivated at altitudes up to 3,050 meters with temperatures reaching as low as +4°c. in this work, the global transcriptional response to cold stress (+4°c) was studied in the nepale ... | 2013 | 24349120 |
| tillering and panicle branching genes in rice. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the most important staple food crops in the world, and rice tillering and panicle branching are important traits determining grain yield. since the gene monoculm 1 (moc 1) was first characterized as a key regulator in controlling rice tillering and branching, great progress has been achieved in identifying important genes associated with grain yield, elucidating the genetic basis of yield-related traits. some of these important genes were shown to be applicable f ... | 2014 | 24345551 |
| rice bran: a novel functional ingredient. | rice (oryza sativa) is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in east and south asia, the middle east, latin america, and the west indies. it provides more than one fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by the human. it is the second leading cereal crop and staple food of half of the world's population. it is grown in at least 114 countries with global production of 645 million tons; share of asian farmers is about 90% of the total produce. ... | 2014 | 24345050 |
| d14-scf(d3)-dependent degradation of d53 regulates strigolactone signalling. | strigolactones (sls), a newly discovered class of carotenoid-derived phytohormones, are essential for developmental processes that shape plant architecture and interactions with parasitic weeds and symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. despite the rapid progress in elucidating the sl biosynthetic pathway, the perception and signalling mechanisms of sl remain poorly understood. here we show that dwarf 53 (d53) acts as a repressor of sl signalling and that sls induce its degradation. we find tha ... | 2013 | 24336215 |
| dwarf 53 acts as a repressor of strigolactone signalling in rice. | strigolactones (sls) are a group of newly identified plant hormones that control plant shoot branching. sl signalling requires the hormone-dependent interaction of dwarf 14 (d14), a probable candidate sl receptor, with dwarf 3 (d3), an f-box component of the skp-cullin-f-box (scf) e3 ubiquitin ligase complex. here we report the characterization of a dominant sl-insensitive rice (oryza sativa) mutant dwarf 53 (d53) and the cloning of d53, which encodes a substrate of the scf(d3) ubiquitination co ... | 2013 | 24336200 |
| amyloplast-localized substandard starch grain4 protein influences the size of starch grains in rice endosperm. | starch is a biologically and commercially important polymer of glucose and is synthesized to form starch grains (sgs) inside amyloplasts. cereal endosperm accumulates starch to levels that are more than 90% of the total weight, and most of the intracellular space is occupied by sgs. the size of sgs differs depending on the plant species and is one of the most important factors for industrial applications of starch. however, the molecular machinery that regulates the size of sgs is unknown. in th ... | 2014 | 24335509 |
| phosphorus deficiency enhances aluminum tolerance of rice (oryza sativa) by changing the physicochemical characteristics of root plasma membranes and cell walls. | the negative charge at the root surface is mainly derived from the phosphate group of phospholipids in plasma membranes (pms) and the carboxyl group of pectins in cell walls, which are usually neutralized by calcium (ca) ions contributing to maintain the root integrity. the major toxic effect of aluminum (al) in plants is the inhibition of root elongation due to al binding tightly to these negative sites in exchange for ca. because phospholipid and pectin concentrations decrease in roots of some ... | 2014 | 24331414 |
| comparative bac-based physical mapping of oryza sativa ssp. indica var. 93-11 and evaluation of the two rice reference sequence assemblies. | reference sequences are sequences that are used for public consultation, and therefore must be of high quality. using the whole-genome shotgun/next-generation sequencing approach, many genome sequences of complex higher plants have been generated in recent years, and are generally considered reference sequences. however, none of these sequences has been experimentally evaluated at the whole-genome sequence assembly level. rice has a relatively simple plant genome, and the genome sequences for it ... | 2014 | 24330235 |
| the drooping leaf and osettin2 genes promote awn development in rice. | the awn is a long needle-like appendage that, in some grass species, is formed on the lemma that encloses floral organs together with the palea. in rice, most wild species and most strains of oryza sativa ssp. indica generate an awn, whereas most strains of o. sativa ssp. japonica do not. in japonica, the long-awn characteristic appears to have been lost during domestication and breeding programs. here, we found that the genes drooping leaf (dl) and osettin2 (osett2) are involved in awn developm ... | 2014 | 24330191 |
| characterization and phylogenetic analysis of allergenic tryp_alpha_amyl protein family in plants. | most known allergenic proteins in rice ( oryza sativa ) seed belong to the tryp_alpha_amyl family (pf00234), but the sequence characterization and the evolution of the allergenic tryp_alpha_amyl family members in plants have not been fully investigated. in this study, two specific motifs were found besides the common alpha-amylase inhibitors (aai) domain from the allergenic tryp_alpha_amyl family members in rice seeds (trrsas). to understand the evolution and functional importance of the tryp_al ... | 2014 | 24328177 |
| genetic diversity and classification of oryza sativa with emphasis on chinese rice germplasm. | despite extensive studies on cultivated rice, the genetic structure and subdivision of this crop remain unclear at both global and local scales. using 84 nuclear simple sequence repeat markers, we genotyped a panel of 153 global rice cultivars covering all previously recognized groups and 826 cultivars representing the diversity of chinese rice germplasm. on the basis of model-based grouping, neighbour-joining tree and principal coordinate analysis, we confirmed the widely accepted five major gr ... | 2014 | 24326293 |
| early physiological and biochemical responses of rice seedlings to low concentration of microcystin-lr. | microcystin-leucine and arginine (microcystin-lr) is a cyanotoxin produced by cyanobacteria like microcystis aeruginosa, and it's considered a threat to water quality, agriculture, and human health. rice (oryza sativa) is a plant of great importance in human food consumption and economy, with extensive use around the world. it is therefore important to assess the possible effects of using water contaminated with microcystin-lr to irrigate rice crops, in order to ensure a safe, high quality produ ... | 2014 | 24323250 |
| hydrogen peroxide regulated photosynthesis in c4-pepc transgenic rice. | in this study, we investigated the photosynthetic physiological basis in 'pc' transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.), showing high-level expression of the gene encoding c4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc), by hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). the c4-pepc gene (pepc) from maize in the transgenic rice plants was checked by pcr. comparison of yield components and photosynthetic indices between pc and untransformed wild-type (wt) plants indicated that increased yield in pc was associated with higher net ph ... | 2014 | 24316011 |
| identification and characterization of salt responsive mirna-ssr markers in rice (oryza sativa). | salinity is an important abiotic stress that affects agricultural production and productivity. it is a complex trait that is regulated by different molecular mechanisms. mirnas are non-coding rnas which are highly conserved and regulate gene expression. simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are robust molecular markers for studying genetic diversity. although several ssr markers are available now, challenge remains to identify the trait-specific ssrs which can be used for marker assisted breeding. in o ... | 2014 | 24315823 |
| cis-element of the rice pdil2-3 promoter is responsible for inducing the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. | a protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) family oxidoreductase, pdil2-3, is involved in endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress responses in rice. we identified a critical cis-element required for induction of the er stress response. the activation of pdil2-3 in response to er stress strongly depends on the ire1-osbzip50 signaling pathway. | 2014 | 24315532 |
| morphological and biochemical responses of oryza sativa l. (cultivar mr219) to ion beam irradiation. | heavy ion beam, which has emerged as a new mutagen in the mutation breeding of crops and ornamental plants, is expected to result in the induction of novel mutations. this study investigates the morphological and biochemical responses of oryza sativa toward different doses of carbon ion beam irradiation. | 2013 | 24302713 |
| overexpression of an alternative oxidase gene, osaox1a, improves cold tolerance in oryza sativa l. | low temperature is a major environmental stress in rice cultivating and production. the alternative oxidase 1 (aox1) gene is potentially important for genetic engineering to increase cold adaptation. however, previous studies related to this effect have mostly focused on the dicot plants arabidopsis and tobacco, whereas functional research on rice is limited. in this study, we cloned a rice predominant cold-response aox1 gene, osaox1a. transgenic rice plants with overexpression of osaox1a were o ... | 2013 | 24301915 |
| development of 1047 insertion-deletion markers for rice genetic studies and breeding. | in this study, a total of 1047 insertion-deletion (indel) primer pairs distributed across the rice genome were developed and experimentally validated. the primer pairs were designed based on the indel length polymorphisms between 93-11 (oryza sativa ssp indica cv.) and nipponbare (oryza sativa ssp japonica cv.), aiming for utilization between indica and japonica rice, or between other inter-subspecific rice cultivars. the 1047 primer pairs were dispersed across all 12 of the rice chromosomes, wi ... | 2013 | 24301783 |
| interactive effects of different inorganic as and se species on their uptake and translocation by rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | there is a lack of information on the interactive relationship of absorption and transformation between two inorganic arsenic (as) species and two inorganic selenium (se) species in rice grown under hydroponic condition. interactive effects of inorganic as (as(iii)) and (as(v)) and se (se(iv)and se(vi)) species on their uptake, accumulation, and translocation in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings were investigated in hydroponic culture. the results clearly showed the interactive effects of inorgan ... | 2014 | 24297465 |
| quality characteristics of bread produced from wheat, rice and maize flours. | rice (oryza sativa) flour and maize (zea mays) meal substitution in wheat (triticum aestivum) flour, from 0 to 100% each, for the production of bread was investigated. the proximate analysis, pasting properties, bread making qualities of raw materials and sensory evaluation of the bread samples were determined. the pasting temperature increased with increased percentage of rice flour and maize meal. but the other pasting characters decreased with the higher proportion of rice flour. the baking a ... | 2012 | 24293700 |
| the rice osv4 encoding a novel pentatricopeptide repeat protein is required for chloroplast development during the early leaf stage under cold stress. | pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) proteins, characterized by tandem arrays of a 35 amino acid motif, have been suggested to play central and broad roles in modulating the expression of organelle genes in plants. however, the molecular mechanisms of most rice ppr genes remains unclear. in this paper, we isolated and characterized a temperature-conditional virescent mutant, osv4, in rice (oryza sativa cultivar jiahua1 (wt, japonica rice variety)). the mutant displays albino phenotype and abnormal chl ... | 2014 | 24289830 |
| the extent of ds1 transposon to enrich transcriptomes and proteomes by exonization. | exonization is an event which an intronic transposed element (te) provides splice sites and leads to alternatively spliced cassette exons. without disrupting of the inserted gene's function, tes can expand the proteome diversity by adding the splice variant that encodes a different, yet functional protein. previously, we found that the main contribution of ds exonization for gene divergence is not providing genetic messages but incorporating the intron sequences with different reading frame patt ... | 2013 | 28510860 |
| cytokinin, auxin, and abscisic acid affects sucrose metabolism conduce to de novo shoot organogenesis in rice (oryza sativa l.) callus. | shoot regeneration frequency in rice callus is still low and highly diverse among rice cultivars. this study aimed to investigate the association of plant hormone signaling and sucrose uptake and metabolism in rice during callus induction and early shoot organogenesis. the immatured seeds of two rice cultivars, ai-nan-tsao 39 (ant39) and tainan 11 (tn11) are used in this study. | 2013 | 28510848 |
| two rumex species from contrasting hydrological niches regulate flooding tolerance through distinct mechanisms. | global climate change has increased flooding events, which affect both natural vegetation dynamics and crop productivity. the flooded environment is lethal for most plant species because it restricts gas exchange and induces an energy and carbon crisis. flooding survival strategies have been studied in oryza sativa, a cultivated monocot. however, our understanding of plant adaptation to natural flood-prone environments remains scant, even though wild plants represent a valuable resource of toler ... | 2013 | 24285788 |
| identifying essential genes/reactions of the rice photorespiration by in silico model-based analysis. | photorespiration, a highly wasteful process of energy dissipation, depresses the productivity of c3 plants such as rice (oryza sativa) under dry and hot conditions. thus, it is highly required to understand the cellular physiology and relevant metabolic states under photorespiration using systems approaches, thereby devising strategies for improving rice production. | 2013 | 24280628 |
| roles of plant growth regulators on yield, grain qualities and antioxidant enzyme activities in super hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.). | plant growth regulators play important roles in plant growth and development, but little is known about roles of plant growth regulators in yield, grain qualities and antioxidant enzyme activities in super hybrid rice. in this study, gibberellic acid(ga3), paclobutrazol (pbz), 6-benzylaminopurine(6-ba) treatments and distilled water (control) were sprayed to two hybrid rice cultivars (peizataifeng and huayou 86) at the heading stage in the field experiments in both early and late season in 2007. ... | 2013 | 24280625 |
| ygl138(t), encoding a putative signal recognition particle 54 kda protein, is involved in chloroplast development of rice. | normal development of chloroplast is vitally important to plants, but its biological mechanism is still far from fully being understood, especially in rice. | 2013 | 24280537 |
| exploring the response of rice (oryza sativa) leaf to gibberellins: a proteomic strategy. | gibberellins (gas) are plant-specific hormones that play a central role in the regulation of growth and development with respect to environmental variability. plants respond to gas signal through various biochemical and physiological processes. to better understand the response for ga signal, we carried out a proteomic study in rice (oryza sativa l. spp. japonica) leaf. | 2013 | 24280421 |
| improvement of the oryza sativa nipponbare reference genome using next generation sequence and optical map data. | rice research has been enabled by access to the high quality reference genome sequence generated in 2005 by the international rice genome sequencing project (irgsp). to further facilitate genomic-enabled research, we have updated and validated the genome assembly and sequence for the nipponbare cultivar of oryza sativa (japonica group). | 2013 | 24280374 |
| isolation of a novel mutant gene for soil-surface rooting in rice (oryza sativa l.). | root system architecture is an important trait affecting the uptake of nutrients and water by crops. shallower root systems preferentially take up nutrients from the topsoil and help avoid unfavorable environments in deeper soil layers. we have found a soil-surface rooting mutant from an m2 population that was regenerated from seed calli of a japonica rice cultivar, nipponbare. in this study, we examined the genetic and physiological characteristics of this mutant. | 2013 | 24280269 |
| conservation and utilization of african oryza genetic resources. | africa contains a huge diversity of both cultivated and wild rice species. the region has eight species representing six of the ten known genome types. genetic resources of these species are conserved in various global germplasm repositories but they remain under collected and hence underrepresented in germplasm collections. moreover, they are under characterized and therefore grossly underutilized. the lack of in situ conservation programs further exposes them to possible genetic erosion or ext ... | 2013 | 24280189 |
| improvement of photosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.) by inserting the c4 pathway. | to boost food production for a rapidly growing global population, crop yields must significantly increase. one of the avenues being recently explored is the improvement of photosynthetic capacity by installing the c4 photosynthetic pathway into c3 crops like rice to drastically increase their yield. crops with an enhanced photosynthetic mechanism would better utilize the solar radiation that can be translated into yield. this subsequently will help in producing more grain yield, reduce water los ... | 2013 | 24280149 |
| proteomic analysis of a disease-resistance-enhanced lesion mimic mutant spotted leaf 5 in rice. | a lesion-mimic mutant in rice (oryza sativa l.), spotted leaf 5 (spl5), displays a disease-resistance-enhanced phenotype, indicating that spl5 negatively regulates cell death and resistance responses. to understand the molecular mechanisms of spl5 mutation-induced cell death and resistance responses, a proteomics-based approach was used to identify differentially accumulated proteins between the spl5 mutant and wild type (wt). | 2013 | 24280096 |
| overexpression of constitutively active mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 6 enhances tolerance to salt stress in rice. | salinity is one of the most common abiotic stresses encountered by plants in the environment and transgenic approaches offer new opportunities to improve tolerance. the mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk) kinase (mkk) is a key component of mapk cascade that plays important roles in intra and extra cellular signaling in plants. in the present study, a mkk from rice (oryza sativa), osmkk6 was functionally characterized in salt stress by transforming its constitutively active form. | 2013 | 24280045 |
| temporal profiling of primary metabolites under chilling stress and its association with seedling chilling tolerance of rice (oryza sativa l.). | chilling stress is a major factor limiting rice production. rice genotypes differ greatly in their seedling chilling tolerance (ct), which is known to involve differential expression of large numbers of genes and proteins. to further understand the metabolomic responses of rice to chilling stress, profiles of the 106 primary metabolites of a ct japonica variety, lijiangxintuanhegu (lth) and a chilling sensitive indica line, ir29, were investigated under a time-series of chilling stress and non-s ... | 2013 | 24280004 |
| overexpression of ospil15, a phytochrome-interacting factor-like protein gene, represses etiolated seedling growth in rice. | phytochrome-interacting factors (pifs) regulate an array of developmental responses ranging from seed germination to vegetational architecture in arabidopsis. however, information regarding the functions of the pif family in monocots has not been widely reported. here, we investigate the roles of ospil15, a member of the rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) pif family, in regulating seedling growth. ospil15 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix factor localized in the nucleus. ospil15-ox seedlings e ... | 2014 | 24279300 |
| development and validation of a pcr-based functional marker system for the brown planthopper resistance gene bph14 in rice. | brown planthopper (bph) is the most damaging rice pest globally. resistant varieties are the most effective and environmental strategy for protecting the rice crop from bph. functional markers (fms) designed from polymorphic sites within gene sequences affecting phenotypic variation are highly efficient when used for marker assisted selection (mas). bph14 is the first and only cloned insect resistance gene so far in rice. compared to the sequences of its non-effective alleles there are a number ... | 2013 | 24273431 |
| detection and verification of qtls associated with heat-induced quality decline of rice (oryza sativa l.) using recombinant inbred lines and near-isogenic lines. | decline in the apparent quality of rice (oryza sativa l.) grain due to high temperatures during ripening recently became a major concern in many areas in japan. the occurrence of white-back kernels (wbk) is one of the main problems of heat-induced quality decline. we identified qtls associated with the occurrence of wbk using recombinant inbred lines (rils) and verified their effects using near-isogenic lines (nils). the qtl analysis used f7 and f8 rils derived from 'hana-echizen' (he), which is ... | 2013 | 24273430 |
| mapping and validation of qtls for rice sheath blight resistance. | sheath blight, caused by rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most serious diseases of rice. among 33 rice accessions, mainly from national institute of agrobiological sciences (nias) core collection, we found three landraces from the himalayas-jarjan, nepal 555 and nepal 8-with resistance to sheath blight in 3 years' field testing. backcrossed inbred lines (bils) derived from a cross between jarjan and the leading japanese cultivar koshihikari were used in qtl analyses. since later-heading lines s ... | 2013 | 24273425 |
| detection of qtls to reduce cadmium content in rice grains using lac23/koshihikari chromosome segment substitution lines. | to advance the identification of quantitative trait loci (qtls) to reduce cd content in rice (oryza sativa l.) grains and breed low-cd cultivars, we developed a novel population consisting of 46 chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls) in which donor segments of lac23, a cultivar reported to have a low grain cd content, were substituted into the koshihikari genetic background. the parental cultivars and 32 cssls (the minimum set required for whole-genome coverage) were grown in two fields w ... | 2013 | 24273423 |
| identification of qrl7, a major quantitative trait locus associated with rice root length in hydroponic conditions. | root system development is an important target for improving yield in rice. active roots that can take up nutrients more efficiently are essential for improving grain yield. in this study, we performed quantitative trait locus (qtl) analyses using 215 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between xieqingzao b (xb), a maintainer line with short roots and r9308, a restorer line with long roots. only a qtls associated with root length were mapped on chromosomes 7. the qtl, named qrl7, was l ... | 2013 | 24273421 |
| the knockdown of chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidases reveals its regulatory role in the photosynthesis and protection under photo-oxidative stress in rice. | the inactivation of the chloroplast ascorbate peroxidases (chlapxs) has been thought to limit the efficiency of the water-water cycle and photo-oxidative protection under stress conditions. in this study, we have generated double knockdown rice (oryza sativa l.) plants in both osapx7 (sapx) and osapx8 (tapx) genes, which encode chloroplastic apxs (chlapxs). by employing an integrated approach involving gene expression, proteomics, biochemical and physiological analyses of photosynthesis, we have ... | 2014 | 24268165 |
| a proteomic study of rice cultivar tng67 and its high aroma mutant sa0420. | fragrance is a very important economic trait for rice cultivars. to identify the aroma genes in rice, we performed a proteomics analysis of aroma-related proteins between tainung 67 (tng67) and its high aroma mutant sa0420. seventeen of the differentially identified proteins were close related with the aroma phenotype of sa0420. among them, 9 were found in leaves and 8 were found in grains. one protein (l3) was identified as the chloroplastic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase b (osgapdhb) ... | 2014 | 24268160 |
| manipulating root water supply elicits major shifts in the shoot proteome. | substantial reductions in yield caused by drought stress can occur when parts of the root system experience water deficit even though other parts have sufficient access to soil water. to identify proteins associated to drought signaling, rice (oryza sativa l. cv. ir64.) plants were transplanted into plastic pots with an internal wall dividing each pot into two equal compartments, allowing for equal distribution of soil and the root system between these compartments. the following treatments were ... | 2014 | 24266738 |
| cerium oxide nanoparticles modify the antioxidative stress enzyme activities and macromolecule composition in rice seedlings. | cerium oxide nanoparticles (nceo2) have been shown to have significant interactions in plants; however, there are limited reports on their impacts in rice (oryza sativa). given the widespread environmental dispersal of nceo2, it is paramount to understand its biochemical and molecular impacts on a globally important agricultural crop, such as rice. this study was carried out to determine the impact of nceo2 on the oxidative stress, membrane damage, antioxidant enzymes' activities, and macromolec ... | 2013 | 24266714 |
| genetic analysis of the metabolome exemplified using a rice population. | plant metabolites are crucial for both plant life and human nutrition. despite recent advance in metabolomics, the genetic control of plant metabolome remains largely unknown. here, we performed a genetic analysis of the rice metabolome that provided over 2,800 highly resolved metabolic quantitative trait loci for 900 metabolites. distinct and overlapping accumulation patterns of metabolites were observed and complex genetic regulation of metabolism was revealed in two different tissues. we asso ... | 2013 | 24259710 |
| diurnal and developmental changes in energy allocation of absorbed light at psii in field-grown rice. | the allocation of absorbed light energy in psii to electron transport and heat dissipation processes in rice grown under waterlogged conditions was estimated with the lake model of energy transfer. with regard to diurnal changes in energy allocation, the peak of the energy flux to electron transport, j(psii), occurred in the morning and the peak of the energy flux to heat dissipation associated with non-photochemical quenching of chl fluorescence, j(npq), occurred in the afternoon. with regard t ... | 2014 | 24259682 |
| unusual small subunit that is not expressed in photosynthetic cells alters the catalytic properties of rubisco in rice. | rubisco small subunits (rbcss) are encoded by a nuclear multigene family in plants. five rbcs genes, osrbcs1, osrbcs2, osrbcs3, osrbcs4, and osrbcs5, have been identified in rice (oryza sativa). among them, the amino acid sequence of osrbcs1 differs notably from those of other rice rbcss. phylogenetic analysis showed that osrbcs1 is genetically distant from other rice rbcs genes and more closely related to rbcs from a fern and two woody plants. reverse transcription-pcr and promoter β-glucuronid ... | 2014 | 24254313 |
| iron-binding haemerythrin ring ubiquitin ligases regulate plant iron responses and accumulation. | iron is essential for most living organisms. plants transcriptionally induce genes involved in iron acquisition under conditions of low iron availability, but the nature of the deficiency signal and its sensors are unknown. here we report the identification of new iron regulators in rice, designated oryza sativa haemerythrin motif-containing really interesting new gene (ring)- and zinc-finger protein 1 (oshrz1) and oshrz2. oshrz1, oshrz2 and their arabidopsis homologue brutus bind iron and zinc, ... | 2013 | 24253678 |
| computational prediction of submergence responsive microrna and their binding position within the genome of oryza sativa. | micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding rnas which play crucial role in response to the adverse biotic and abiotic stress conditions at the post transcriptional level. the functions of the mirnas are generally based on complementarity to their target region. | 2013 | 24250112 |
| spatio-temporal transcript profiling of rice roots and shoots in response to phosphate starvation and recovery. | using rice (oryza sativa) as a model crop species, we performed an in-depth temporal transcriptome analysis, covering the early and late stages of pi deprivation as well as pi recovery in roots and shoots, using next-generation sequencing. analyses of 126 paired-end rna sequencing libraries, spanning nine time points, provided a comprehensive overview of the dynamic responses of rice to pi stress. differentially expressed genes were grouped into eight sets based on their responses to pi starvati ... | 2013 | 24249833 |