| molecular cloning of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) eggshell zona radiata protein complementary dna: mrna expression in 17beta-estradiol- and nonylphenol-treated fish. | a complementary dna (cdna) encoding the eggshell zona radiata protein (rbtzr: af407574) has been cloned from the liver of estradiol-17beta (e(2))-treated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). a set of degenerate primers homologous to the highly conserved cysteine-rich region of the zona radiata protein gene from salmon, winter flounder, medaka and carp were used for the initial rt-pcr. the resulting pcr product was cloned, sequenced and ... | 2002 | 12031456 |
| diversity of complement factor b/c2 in the common carp (cyprinus carpio): three isotypes of b/c2-a expressed in different tissues. | complement factor b and c2 are two critical proteases for complement activation. some bony fish have been reported to possess duplicated genes for b/c2, but there is no direct evidence regarding possible functional divergence. here, we report the isolation of the second and third isotypes of carp b/c2-a, a close relative of other bony fish b reported to date, and designated b/c2-a2 and b/c2-a3. b/c2-a1 (previously reported b/c2-a) and b/c2-a2 share 78% amino acid identity and are synthesized mai ... | 2002 | 12031413 |
| immunocytochemical localization of growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptide in the brain of the tiger frog, rana tigrina. | using antisera directed against carp growth hormone-releasing hormone (cghrh), we found more extensive brain distribution of ghrh-like immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the tiger frog, rana tigrina, than reported in previous studies, which employed mammalian ghrh antibodies. in the telencephalon, ghrh-ir perikarya were present in the pallium dorsale, pallium laterale (pars dorsalis and pars ventralis), pallium mediale, nucleus entopeduncularis, amygdala pars medialis, and in the ventral portion of ... | 2002 | 12030776 |
| a homolog of mammalian prl-releasing peptide (fish arginyl-phenylalanyl-amide peptide) is a major hypothalamic peptide of prl release in teleost fish. | two prl-releasing peptides (prrp20 and prrp31) were recently identified from mammalian hypothalamus by an orphan receptor strategy, and a c-terminal rf (arginyl-phenylalamyl-) amide peptide (rfa), structurally related to mammalian prrp, was also identified from the brain of the japanese crucian carp (c-rfa) by an intestine-contracting assay. however, to date there have been no reported studies that have examined the prl-releasing effects of rfa in fish. in the present study we determined the cdn ... | 2002 | 12021171 |
| the nuclear export signal (nes) found in the amino-terminal region of carp mek1 and mkk6 is lacking in carp mkk4. | carp mkk4 (cmkk4) cdna was isolated from an ovary cdna library. cmkk4 mrna was ubiquitously distributed in various tissues of adult carp. sequence analysis revealed that cmkk4 lacks a nuclear export signal sequence, unlike mammalian and frog meks (erk activator) and cmkk6 (carp p38 activator), where it plays an important role in anchoring these map kinase activators to the cytoplasm. cmkk4 protein was found to be diffused throughout the cell, whereas cmek1 and cmkk6 proteins were seen exclusivel ... | 2002 | 12020830 |
| production of short-chain fatty acids and gas from various oligosaccharides by gut microbes of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in micro-scale batch culture. | we studied the metabolism of various oligosaccharides by carp (cyprinus carpio) hindgut microbes by measuring gas productivity and organic acid production in gut contents using a 50-microl-scale batch culture system. carp hindgut contents were incubated with 500 microg each of raffinose, lactosucrose, kestose, lactulose, gentiobiose, 4'-galactosyllactose and 6'-galactosyllactose and soybean-, xylo-, and isomalto-oligosaccharides or none (blank culture) at 25 degrees c for 6 h. the time-course of ... | 2002 | 12020649 |
| acute immunotoxicity of gallium to carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | | 2002 | 12012056 |
| bioavailability of waterborne strontium to the common carp, cyprinus carpio, in complexing environments. | the uptake of strontium (sr) and calcium (ca) in the common carp, cyprinus carpio, was studied in chemically defined freshwater in the presence of the complexing ligands, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta), and nitrilotriacetic acid (nta). the uptake rates were measured in the whole body, gills, and blood of the fish after an exposure period of 3 h. the uptake rates were determined by using the radiotracers (85)sr and (45)ca, and analyzed as a function of the free-ion activity of sr and ca i ... | 2002 | 12007876 |
| the alarm reaction in crucian carp is mediated by olfactory neurons with long dendrites. | in the present study, we applied a lipophilic tracer, dil (1,1-dilinoleyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate), to the synaptic region of the medial olfactory bulb in formaldehyde-fixed preparations from the crucian carp. we observed staining both in the axons of secondary neurons leading to the brain and in the olfactory receptor neurons (orns) of the olfactory epithelium. in those preparations, where staining of the tract was restricted to axons of the medial part of the medial o ... | 2002 | 12006379 |
| gonadotropin response to gnrh during sexual ontogeny in the common carp, cyprinus carpio. | this study was designed to reveal whether gonadotropic response to gnrh in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) changes during sexual ontogeny and whether the response of fshbeta and lhbeta subunits is uniform or differential. the study comprised fish at the following stages: juveniles (4-month-old females with primary oocytes and early spermatogenic males); maturing (9-month-old previtellogenic females and advanced spermatogenic males); and mature (16-month-old postvitellogenic females and spermia ... | 2002 | 11997206 |
| effects of waterborne exposure to 4-nonylphenol on plasma sex steroid and vitellogenin concentrations in sexually mature male carp (cyprinus carpio). | 4-nonylphenol (np) has been shown to elicit estrogenic responses both in vivo and in vitro. the mechanism by which np exerts estrogenic and other endocrine-modulating effects in vivo remains unclear, however. the goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of np to elicit estrogenic responses through indirect mechanisms of action involving the modulation of endogenous steroid hormone concentrations. sexually mature male common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to aqueous np concentrations r ... | 2002 | 11996132 |
| synthetic musks in the environment. part 2: enantioselective transformation of the polycyclic musk fragrances hhcb, ahtn, ahdi, and atii in freshwater fish. | a method for the enantioselective separation of the chiral polycyclic musks hhcb, ahtn, ahdi, and atii is presented. eighteen fish samples (rudd, tench, crucian carp, eel) and one pooled zebra mussel sample from the pond of a municipal sewage treatment plant were investigated with regard to their concentrations and the enantiomeric ratios (ers) of polycyclic musks. in addition, three water samples taken at the effluent of the sewage plant, as well as two water samples and two series of semiperme ... | 2002 | 11994786 |
| synthetic musks in the environment. part 1: species-dependent bioaccumulation of polycyclic and nitro musk fragrances in freshwater fish and mussels. | bioaccumulation of polycyclic musks (hhcb, ahtn) and nitro musks (musk xylene, musk ketone, and their amino metabolites) in aquatic biota was investigated by analyzing 18 fish samples (rudd, tench, crucian carp, eel) and 1 pooled zebra mussel sample from the pond of a municipal sewage treatment plant. furthermore, water samples taken at the effluent of the sewage plant as well as water samples and two series of semipermeable membrane devices (spmds) from the pond were included. this comprehensiv ... | 2002 | 11994785 |
| in vivo and in vitro modulation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) phagocyte oxidative burst activity by gallium. | since gallium is a metal ion used in semiconductor industry, the toxicological effects were previously evaluated in mammals but the ecotoxicological impacts remain unknown. in term of ecotoxicological risk assessment, the median lethal concentration (lc50 for 96 h of gallium to carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and the oxidative response of carp phagocytes after the fish were exposed to sublethal levels of gallium were determined. the lc50 of gallium on c. carpio at 96 h was estimated as 96.25 +/- 14.3 ... | 2002 | 11991633 |
| the effects of naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, on plasma lh levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | naltrexone-an opioid receptor antagonist, was administered intraperitoneally to sexually mature male and female common carp in the prespawning period, in order to investigate its effects on spontaneous or sgnrh-a-stimulated lh secretion. naltrexone and sgnrh-a were injected at the same time. the possible involvement of a dopaminergic system in this process was studied in males pre-treated with pimozide (a dopamine receptor antagonist) 12 h before naltrexone and/or sgnrh-a administration. blood s ... | 2002 | 11976056 |
| carp ovarian cystatin binds and agglutinates spermatozoa via electrostatic interaction. | a sperm-agglutinating factor was purified from ovulated carp eggs and the conditioned medium (cm) of cortical-reacted eggs. it was identified to be the carp ovarian cystatin. three cystatin isoforms were found. the cystatin isolated from the cm had a higher sperm-agglutinating activity than that isolated from eggs, although the cystatins have identical n-terminal amino acid sequences, masses, and positive charges. differences in sperm-agglutinating activity between the cystatins of the cm and eg ... | 2002 | 11967193 |
| [nadph-diaphorase in the olfactory system of the carp cyprinus carpio]. | | 2006 | 11966211 |
| fiber connections of the nucleus isthmi in the carp (cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (oreochromis niloticus). | the nucleus pretectalis (np) is a prominent nucleus in the percomorph pretectum and has been shown to project to the nucleus isthmi in the filefish by an hrp tract-tracing method [ito et al., 1981], but a homologous nucleus to the np is apparently lacking in ostariophysans. the present study examined fiber connections of the nucleus isthmi in an ostariophysan teleost, the carp (cyprinidae, cyprinus carpio), to identify a nucleus homologous to the percomorph nucleus pretectalis. identical studies ... | 2001 | 11964496 |
| [ph of the gill micro-environment of cyprinus carpio and its effect on the desorption of adsorbed cu]. | ph and co2 content differences between fish(cyprinus carpio) gills micro-environment and the ambient environment were investigated using the technique developed by playle. the effect of the ph change on elutriation of copper sorbed on gibbsite was also studied in view of possible desorption of the metal within the gill micro-environment. it was found that there was no ph difference around ph 8.0 and 0.2-0.4 unit difference was observed between the gills' inspired and the expired water when the a ... | 2002 | 11962309 |
| effects of primary exposure to environmental and natural estrogens on vitellogenin production in carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatocytes. | vitellogenin (vtg) is a precursor of the yolk proteins lipovitelline and phosvitin and is synthesized as a consequence of estrogen-dependent gene expression in female and male hepatocytes of egg-laying vertebrates. freshly isolated carp hepatocytes of a genetically uniform strain of adult male carp (cyprinus carpio) were used to investigate the effects of primary exposure to estrogenic compounds on the vitellogenic response to xenoestrogens. isolated carp hepatocytes were first exposed (primary ... | 2002 | 11961218 |
| [intracellular potential changes in crucian carps mauthner cells evoked by vagal sensory inputs]. | in the present experiments, microelectrode recording technique was used to explore the electrophysiological properties of mauthner cells (m-cells) with stimuli applied to the right vagus. direct stimulation of the right vagus evoked short-latency, long-lasting, graded, and complex postsynaptic potentials (psps) on both mauthner cell bodies in crucian carp, which are stimulus strength- and frequency- dependent. the evoked psps reduced the amplitudes of the antidromic action potentials. after intr ... | 2001 | 11930200 |
| speciation and bioavailability of edta complexed copper in the microenvironment of fish gills. | carp were exposed to a synthetic solution with varied concentrations of cu-edta and constant levels of other copper species and the amount of copper accumulated in the fish gills was measured. the distributions of copper species in both the bulk solution and the fish gill microenvironment were modeled using minteqa2. under experimental conditions without edta, cu(oh)2 was the most dominant species in the bulk solution while cu-mucus dominated the gill microenvironment. when cu-edta was added to ... | 2002 | 11929072 |
| influence of hyperosmotic shrinkage and beta-adrenergic stimulation on red blood cell volume regulation and oxygen binding properties in rainbow trout and carp. | whole blood from rainbow trout and carp was subjected to hyperosmotic shock and subsequent beta-adrenergic stimulation (isoprenaline) at different oxygen tension ( po(2)) and carbon dioxide tension ( pco(2)) levels with the aim to evaluate changes in red blood cell (rbc) volume, ph and ion concentrations and their ultimate effect on blood o(2) transport characteristics. hyperosmolality (addition of nacl) induced rbc shrinkage, which was followed by a regulatory volume increase (rvi) that was lar ... | 2002 | 11919706 |
| cardiorespiratory responses of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) to severe hypoxia at three acclimation temperatures. | in vivo measurements of the cardiovascular responses of anoxia-tolerant teleosts to severe prolonged hypoxia are limited. here, we report the first direct measurements of cardiac output (q), heart rate (f(h)) and stroke volume during prolonged severe hypoxia (<0.3 mg o(2) l(-1)) in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) that had been acclimated to 6, 10 and 15 degrees c. while routine q and f(h) values varied with temperature under normoxic conditions (q(10) values of 1.7 and 2.6, respectively), sever ... | 2002 | 11914384 |
| seasonal short-term effects of naltrexone on lh secretion in male carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | in order to evaluate the influence of the season (the stage of gonad maturity) on the modulatory role of endogenous opioid peptides in lh secretion in fish, sexually mature male carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were intravenously injected with naltrexone-opioid receptor antagonist (5 or 50 microg kg(-1)) in the period of natural spawning (june) or gonad recrudescence (december). moreover, the possible involvement of the dopaminergic system was studied in fish pre-treated with pimozide (dopamine recepto ... | 2002 | 11912062 |
| effect of tributyltin on adenylate content and enzyme activities of teleost sperm: a biochemical approach to study the mechanisms of toxicant reduced spermatozoa motility. | the effects of tributyltin (tbt) on the energy metabolism and motility of fish spermatozoa were investigated in vitro in african catfish and common carp. a significant (p<0.05) decrease of the duration and the intensity of motility was observed in catfish spermatozoa exposed to 0.27 microg/l tbt for 24 h. exposure of catfish spermatozoa to 2.7-27 microg/l tbt caused an instant decrease in atp content. in the presence of 27 microg/l tbt approximately 55% of the initial atp concentration in catfis ... | 2002 | 11912058 |
| effects of cypermethrin on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of the freshwater fish, oreochromis niloticus and cyprinus carpio (l.). | | 2001 | 11911634 |
| copper speciation and accumulation in the gill microenvironment of carp ( cyprinus carpio) in the presence of kaolin particles. | carp were exposed to copper adsorbed on kaolin particles at various concentrations (0-2.4 mg/l), and net accumulation due to elevated adsorbed copper in the surrounding water was observed. copper speciation in the water and fish gill microenvironment was modeled in the presence and absence of kaolin using a chemical speciation program (minteqa2). the adsorption affinity constants of kaolin for copper at various ph values used in the speciation calculations were experimentally determined, and the ... | 2002 | 11910461 |
| activation of carp leukocytes by a galactose-binding protein from aphanomyces piscicida. | this study demonstrated that a galactose-binding protein (gbp) produced by a fish pathogenic water mold, aphanomyces piscicida, activates carp leukocytes. leukocytes were separated from the head kidney and peripheral blood using percoll density centrifugation. a flow cytometric analysis revealed that gbp binds with many cells and a variety of cell types including lymphocytes, granulocytes and thrombocytes. intracellular calcium flux of the peripheral blood leukocytes induced by stimulation with ... | 2002 | 11906725 |
| [increase in brain activity of the carp cyprinus carpio during visual deafferentation]. | | 2013 | 11898603 |
| detection of cytogenetic alterations and blood cell changes in natural populations of carp. | a field study was conducted to investigate the appearance of alterations in the peripheral blood cells of wild populations of fish. two aspects were evaluated: the appearance of cytogenetic effects, measured as increases on micronuclei frequencies, and the appearance of haematological effects by checking changes in the relative proportion of the different blood cell types. for this purpose common carp (cyprinus carpio) were caught from four areas along a spanish river. three areas were located u ... | 2002 | 11895014 |
| hematological effects of high dose of cortisol on the carp (cyprinus carpio l.): cortisol effect on the carp blood. | the level of circulating cortisol and peripheral blood parameters were determined in carp age 2 years (k(2)) 24, 72, and 216 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of a high dose (200 mg x kg(-1) body wt) of hydrocortisone. the most striking effect of cortisol was manifest as a significant change in the percentage composition of leukocytes, whose number per unit volume of blood remained relatively constant. a profound lymphopenia and eosinopenia were compensated for in the general balance by ... | 2002 | 11884063 |
| [on the development of body-wall musculature diplostomum chromatophorum metacercariae (trematoda: diplostomidae)]. | the body-wall musculature of invasive cercariae and metacercariae of diplostomum chromatophorum at different intervals after the penetration into the experimental intermediate host cyprinus carpio (1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 20, 34, 40 days) has been investigated with the help of tem technique. during the first 10 days after the invasion (in conditions of our experiment), the cercarial subtegumental muscle fibres degenerate. these muscles are replaced by newly formed ones. mass differentiation of my ... | 2007 | 11881137 |
| selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in california. | selenium contamination represents one of the few clear cases where environmental pollution has led to devastation of wildlife populations, most notably in agricultural drainage evaporation and power plant coal-fly ash receiving ponds. complex biogeochemistry, in particular extensive biotransformations and foodchain transfer, governs se ecotoxicology and toxicology, for which the mechanism(s) are still elusive. however, total waterborne se concentration has been widely used as a criterion for reg ... | 2002 | 11879939 |
| solution structures of a 30-residue amino-terminal domain of the carp granulin-1 protein and its amino-terminally truncated 3-30 subfragment: implications for the conformational stability of the stack of two beta-hairpins. | carp granulins are members of an emerging class of proteins with a sequence motif encoding a parallel stack of two to four beta-hairpins. the carp granulin-1 protein forms a stack of four beta-hairpins, whereas its amino-terminal fragment appears to adopt a very stable stack of two beta-hairpins in solution. here we determined a refined three-dimensional structure of this peptide fragment to examine potential conformational changes compared with the full-length protein. the structures were calcu ... | 2002 | 11870861 |
| the effects of 3-methylcholanthrene on macrophage respiratory burst and biotransformation activities in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the sensitivity of phagocytic cell function as a bioindicator of pollution stress by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was evaluated in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l). the time course response of the head-kidney macrophage respiratory burst was measured 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of a prototypical cyp 1a inducer (3-methylcholanthrene). this immune activity was compared to the rate of induction of total cytochrome p450, ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase activity (erod) a ... | 2002 | 11866128 |
| germ-line chimera by lower-part blastoderm transplantation between diploid goldfish and triploid crucian carp. | germ-line chimerism was successfully induced by blastoderm transplantation from donor triploid crucian carp, which reproduces gynogenetically, to recipient diploid goldfish, which reproduces bisexually. lower part of donor blastoderm including primordial germ cells (pgcs) was sandwiched between recipient blastoderm at the mid- to late-blastula stage. when donor grafts were prepared from intact embryos or ventralized ones by removing vegetal yolk hemisphere at the 1- to 2-cell stage, malformation ... | 2001 | 11841168 |
| environmental reprogramming of the expression of protein kinase ck2beta subunit in fish. | the dramatic segregation of the nucleolar components in winter-acclimatized carp is the most striking cellular-phenotypical feature observed during the seasonal adaptation of this fish toward the circannual changes in its habitat. our studies also show that the carp habitat temperature and photoperiod winter conditions provoke a remarkable reduction of both rrna transcription and the processing of their precursors. to gain knowledge on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of nucleolar activ ... | 2001 | 11827160 |
| effects of iron sulfate dosage on the water flea (daphnia magna straus) and early development of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | adult water fleas, daphnia magna straus, and the early life stages of carp, cyprinus carpio l., were exposed to river water near an iron sulfate dosage installation to determine the effects of phosphate precipitation with iron(ii)sulfate. tests were conducted during two consecutive dosage periods of 3,000 and 5,000 kg/day iron sulfate (520 and 620 microg/l total fe respectively) at the dosage site and at a reference site (60 microg/l total fe) further downstream. though survival remained unaffec ... | 2002 | 11815809 |
| effect of pyrethroids on carbohydrate metabolic pathways in common carp, cyprinus carpio. | the activity levels of succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) were assessed in various tissues of cyprinus carpio var communis which had been exposed to lethal concentrations of group-ii pyrethroids (deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and fluvalinate) for a period of 72 h. the results indicated a steady decrease in sdh activity with a concomitant increase in g6pd activity. the decreased sdh activity indicated inhibition of sdh at mitochondrial level and t ... | 2001 | 11802603 |
| stress response to waterborne cu during early life stages of carp, cyprinus carpio. | following in vitro fertilization, eggs/embryos and larvae of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to 0 (control), 0.3 or 0.8 micromol.l(-1) cu in artificially prepared fresh water for 168 h. the total amounts of cu, na, ca, adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and cortisol were measured in homogenates of eggs (up to 60 h post fertilization, hpf), isolated embryos (between 60 hpf and hatching) and free-swimming larvae. only in embryos of e ... | 2002 | 11792433 |
| on the interaction between voltage-gated conductances and ca(2+) regulation mechanisms in retinal horizontal cells. | the horizontal cell is a second-order retinal neuron that is depolarized in the dark and responds to light with graded potential changes. in such a nonspiking neuron, not only the voltage-gated ionic conductances but also ca(2+) regulation mechanisms, e.g., the na(+)/ca(2+) exchange and the ca(2+) pump, are considered to play important roles in generating the voltage responses. to elucidate how these physiological mechanisms interact and contribute to generating the responses of the horizontal c ... | 2002 | 11784740 |
| a novel isoform of vertebrate ancient opsin in a smelt fish, plecoglossus altivelis. | vertebrate ancient (va) opsin of nonvisual pigment in fishes was reported to exist in two isoforms, i.e., short and long variants with an unusual predicted amino acid sequence length compared to vertebrate visual opsins. here we cloned an isoform (pal-vam) of va opsin showing the usual opsin length in addition to the long type isoform (pal-val) from a smelt fish, plecoglossus altivelis. pal-vam and pal-val were composed of 346 and 387 amino acids, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences o ... | 2002 | 11779166 |
| a metabotropic glutamate receptor regulates transmitter release from cone presynaptic terminals in carp retinal slices. | the role of group iii metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglurs) in photoreceptor-h1 horizontal cell (hc) synaptic transmission was investigated by analyzing the rate of occurrence and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sepscs) in h1 hcs uncoupled by dopamine in carp retinal slices. red light steps or the application of 100 microm cobalt reduced the sepsc rate without affecting their peak amplitude, which is consistent with hyperpolarization or the suppression of ca(2+) en ... | 2002 | 11773238 |
| [genetics of color of the ornamental carp: inheritance of underlying dark coloration]. | in ornamental carps from the collection of the experimental station, all-russia research institute of fresh-water fisheries, fish with a dirty dark tint of body color among orange and white fish were found. this coloration was shown to be due to the presence of black pigment cells in the lower skin layer. in the outer skin layers these cells were almost entirely absent. this color type was found to be determined by the presence of at least one of alleles b1' or b2' of digenic system b1, b2, whic ... | 2001 | 11761623 |
| phylogeny of cytokines: molecular cloning and expression analysis of sea bass dicentrarchus labrax interleukin-1beta. | in this paper the cloning of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) from the fish dicentrarchus labrax (sea bass) is described. using degenerate primers designed from known il-1beta sequences, a cdna fragment was amplified by pcr and elongated by 3' and 5' race to give the full-length coding sequence for sea bass il-1beta. the cdna is 1292 bp, lacks a putative ice cut site, and codes for a deduced peptide of 29.4 kda with a pi of 5.1. sequence analysis showed highest amino acid similarity with rainbow tro ... | 2001 | 11759041 |
| [effect of silver carp stocking and fertilization on plankton community in enclosures in saline-alkaline ponds]. | the effect of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) stocking and fertilization on plankton community of enclosures ecosystem in saline-alkaline ponds were studied. after stocking silver carp in enclosures, the abundance, chlorophyll-a content and primary productivity of phytoplankton increased, and the biomass of phytoplankton was mainly composed by small species, such as diatom and green algae. moreover, euglnophyta and chrysophyta were also subdominant species. the biomass of zooplankton d ... | 2001 | 11757386 |
| role of neck region in the thermal aggregation of myosin. | carp dorsal myosin formed oligomers that retained atpase activity upon heating. cleavage of the oligomeric myosin at subfragment-1 (s-1)/rod junction released monomeric s-1 and rod, indicating that atpase retaining myosin associated near the s-1/rod junction. the digest also contained rod oligomers. heating a mixture of s-1 and rod generated neither atpase retaining s-1 oligomers nor rod oligomers. electron microscopic observation of the heated myosin revealed that some oligomers were formed by ... | 2002 | 11754567 |
| corticosteroids affect the testicular androgen production in male common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | our previous experiments to study the effect of stress adaptation on pubertal development in carp showed that repeated temperature stress and prolonged feeding with cortisol-containing food pellets, which mimics the endocrine stress effects, retarded the first waves of spermatogenesis and decreased 11-ketotestosterone (11kt) plasma levels. the objective of the present study was to investigate whether the decrease in plasma 11kt is caused by a direct effect of cortisol on the steroid-producing ca ... | 2002 | 11751271 |
| improved erythrocyte lysis assay in microtitre plates for sensitive detection and efficient measurement of haemolytic compounds from ichthyotoxic algae. | haemolytic substances produced by ichthyotoxic algae often are unknown in molecular structure or specific mechanism of toxicity. detection and quantification of such substances are dependent on bioassays, using markers that are sensitive for haemolytic impairment and generation of a recordable response. the erythrocyte lysis assay (ela) represents an advantageous bioassay in this respect, because the lytic response can be measured photometrically by the amount of released haemoglobin. the aim of ... | 2006 | 11746200 |
| analysis of expressed sequence tags (est) obtained from common carp, cyprinus carpio l., head kidney cells after stimulation by two mitogens, lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin-a. | a representative cdna library from mrna obtained from lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin-a-induced head kidney cells of carp, cyprinus carpio, was constructed. two hundred single pass and partially sequenced clones (au183343 to au183542) were generated from expressed sequence tags (ests) and these were searched for homology in the ddbj/genbank with blastn and blastx programs. clones matching known genes were classified according to their function and distribution. one hundred and twenty-nine ge ... | 2002 | 11742760 |
| effect of temperature on dietary vitamin c requirement and lipid in common carp. | we investigated the effect of temperature on the requirement of vitamin c in common carp. small carp (0.70 g) was separately cultured at 25 and 35 degrees c, respectively, and fed diet with or without supplement of 2000 ppm vitamin c. the fish increased weight gain and had smaller feed conversion rate at 25 degrees c than at 35 degrees c, with vitamin c-supplement and subsequently, without vitamin c-supplement. the level of vitamin c in the hepatopancreas and muscle, the ratio of hydroxyproline/ ... | 2002 | 11742752 |
| how to avoid cardiac ischemic events associated with aortic surgery. | whereas there is some degree of coronary artery disease (cad) in most patients undergoing vascular surgery, there is no consensus regarding how to avoid perioperative cardiac ischemic events. although this edition of seminars in vascular surgery is devoted to aortic surgery, it must be remembered that the incidence of adverse cardiac outcomes after infrainguinal operations is at least as great as after aortic procedures. thus, much of the information discussed herein will be applicable to patien ... | 2001 | 11740831 |
| the influence of spatial scale and habitat arrangement on diel patterns of habitat use by two lowland river fishes. | there is growing awareness that patterns of habitat use by animals cannot be isolated from issues of scale. recently, techniques have been devised which allow empirical testing of hypotheses related to the effects of spatial scale on habitat use. we used spatially explicit statistical procedures to examine the roles of scale and habitat arrangement in determining fish distribution patterns in a reach of an australian lowland river. native golden perch and introduced common carp were tracked day ... | 2001 | 24577692 |
| low amplification and fast visual pigment phosphorylation as mechanisms characterizing cone photoresponses. | vertebrate cone photoreceptors are known to show lower light sensitivity and briefer photoresponses than rod photoreceptors. to understand the molecular mechanisms characterizing cone photoresponses, we compared some of the reactions in the phototransduction cascade between rods and cones. for this purpose, rods and cones were obtained in quantities large enough to do biochemical studies. the cells were purified from the retina of carp (cyprinus carpio) with a stepwise percoll gradient. the puri ... | 2001 | 11707584 |
| projection of sensory neurons with microvilli to the lateral olfactory tract indicates their participation in feeding behaviour in crucian carp. | in the olfactory system of vertebrates, a large number of primary sensory neurons terminate in glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, where they make synapses with a significantly smaller number of secondary neurons. we applied small amounts of a lipophilic neural tracer (dil) in the glomerular regions of the lateral olfactory bulb in crucian carp, and investigated the centrifugal migration of this stain through the secondary neurons towards the brain and peripherally to the sensory neurons of the olf ... | 2001 | 11705799 |
| is feeding behaviour in crucian carp mediated by the lateral olfactory tract? | experiments were performed to investigate which bundle of the olfactory tract was essential for mediating feeding behaviour in crucian carp. fish were divided in three groups: control fish, fish with only the lateral olfactory tracts (lots) intact and fish with the lots cut. the fish were maintained in physiological saline after surgery to preserve the remaining tracts and postoperative inspections revealed the functional status of the remaining tracts. with the injection of food odour into the ... | 2001 | 11705798 |
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in tissue samples from three species in the denver, colorado, usa, metropolitan area. | the rocky mountain arsenal (rma), a superfund site near denver, colorado, usa, has a history of various industrial processes that may have led to the release of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the pcdds, pcdfs, and non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted pcbs cause a common set of toxic effects that are mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr). the total ahr-mediated activity of complex mixtures in ... | 2001 | 11699766 |
| the effect of two alkylphenols on vitellogenin levels in male carp. | nonylphenol and octylphenol, the major biodegradation products of nonionic surfactants, are among the increasing number of widely used industrial chemicals that are recognized as endocrine disrupters. in this study, nonylphenol and octylphenol were administered to male carp by injection, feeding and immersion, and a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to monitor the plasma levels of the yolk precursor vitellogenin over time. in injection and feeding experiments, vitellog ... | 2001 | 11699573 |
| cytotoxic t cell function in fish. | fish possess immunoglobulins, major histocompatibility complex (mhc), t-cell receptors, and lymphocyte populations analogous to b and t cells and can evoke specific immune responses against a variety of antigens. however, t-cell subsets have yet to be demonstrated and the information on cell-mediated immunity is limited. here we briefly review our recent studies on specific cell-mediated immunity, particularly on cytotoxic t-cell function employing isogeneic fish and cell lines. analyses of the ... | 2002 | 11696378 |
| invasive carp in china's plateau lakes. | | 2001 | 11695424 |
| segregation of microsatellite alleles and residual heterozygosity at single loci in homozygous androgenetic common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | thirty-three androgenetic progeny groups of common carp were analysed using 11 microsatellite markers to (i) verify the homozygous status of the 566 androgenetic individuals, (ii) analyse the microsatellite allele segregation, and (iii) study the possible association of microsatellite alleles with phenotypic traits. in total, 92% of the androgenetic individuals proved to be homozygous at all 11 loci. forty-three of the 47 heterozygous individuals were heterozygous at a single locus only. this he ... | 2001 | 11681597 |
| a permanent fish cell line (epc) for genotoxicity testing of marine sediments with the comet assay. | genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were evaluated in an in vitro system with a permanent cell line epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) derived from a skin tumour of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). epc cells were exposed to different concentrations of organic sediment extracts from the north sea for 24h. after incubation the cells were analysed for viability and dna strand breaks with the comet assay or single cell gel electrophoresis (scge). the results confirm the sensitivity of this assay. out of 10 mar ... | 2001 | 11673072 |
| [nucleocytoplasmic incompatibility in androgenetic fish hybrids can be overcome]. | many androgenetic fish hybrids are nonviable due to the disturbed interaction between the foreign nucleus and the cytoplasm. it has been proposed that this incompatibility can be overcome if eggs from interspecific hybrids and sperm from one of the parental species are used for diploid androgenesis. indeed, the androgenetic progeny obtained as a result of the insemination of the enucleated eggs of goldfish and carp hybrids by the carp spermatozoa proved to be viable and fertile. this approach ma ... | 2006 | 11605409 |
| role of ph on the calcium ion dependence of the nitric oxide synthase in the carp brain. | the role of ph on the calcium dependence of nitric oxide synthase (nos) of cyprinus carpio brain was investigated. this fish is known to survive prolonged periods of hypoxia. under this condition, cerebral blood flow is no longer regulated by nitric oxide (no). nitric oxide synthase activity is ph dependent in the range of ph between 7.4 and 6.2 with a decrease when tissue acidifies. at acidic ph, the dependence of the nos activity on the free ca(2+) concentrations changes considerably and shows ... | 2001 | 11604251 |
| trace metal levels in freshwater fish, sediment and water. | the trace metal concentrations in water, sediment and aquatic organisms, such as fish, could indicate the level and tendency of the pollution. this is important not only for the protection of the environment, but for evaluation of the quality of fish meat either captured from natural waters or cultured in fishponds. the total trace metal concentrations in samples of fish from different regions of hungary and from different species have been determined by using an x-ray fluorescence technique (ed ... | 2001 | 11601363 |
| surviving anoxia with the brain turned on. | crucian carp is one of few vertebrates that tolerate anoxia. it maintains brain atp during anoxia partially by reducing atp consumption. however, unlike turtles, which become comatose during anoxia, this fish remains physically active. this striking difference in anoxic survival strategy is reflected all the way down to the cellular level. | 2001 | 11572925 |
| [erod induction in liver microsome of carp(cyprinus carpio) by nitroaromatic hydrocarbons in vitro]. | nine nitroaromatic hydrocarbons (nahs) induction of erod activity was investigated by an in vitro assay based on carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatic microsome system. all nine nahs tested were found to induce the activity of erod. there was dose-effect relationship between erod activity and concentrations of nahs. it was found that erod activity was different, when different groups substituted at the same position of benzene ring, or the same group was at different position of benzene ring. | 2001 | 11569104 |
| modulation of fish phagocytic cells by n-terminal peptides of proopiomelanocortin (npp). | n-terminal peptide of proopiomelanocortin (npp, or pro-gamma-msh) has shown to exhibit biological activity such as stimulation of adrenal mitogenesis and prolactin release-inhibiting factor activity. structurally, studies reveal a significant difference between fish npp from that of tetrapods, as npps from carp and salmonid lack gamma-msh. thus, fish npp may exhibit functions different from that of mammals. the activation of phagocytic cells by npp was analysed using rainbow trout oncorhynchus m ... | 2001 | 11550181 |
| nasda aquatic animal experiment facilities for space shuttle. | national space development agency of japan (nasda) has been developed aquatic animal experiment facilities for space experiments using nasa space shuttle. vestibular function experiment unit (vfeu) has been firstly designed and developed for spacelab-j mission (sts-47), and 8 days space experiment with carp has been performed. following, the vfeu, aquatic animal experiment unit (aaeu) has been developed to accommodate small aquatic animals second international microgravity laboratory mission (im ... | 1999 | 11542796 |
| carp experiment in space microgravity--a visual-vestibular sensory conflict model. | in the 8-d flight mission of spacelab-j (sts-47) conducted in 1992, behavior of the dorsal light response (dlr) and eeg activity of the cerebellum were intermittently examined for two carp, normal and otolith-removed. the latter carp had immobilization trouble caused by twisting of the eeg cable on day 2 inflight. the problem continued for the remainder of the experiment. analyses made on the normal carp provided additional evidence in fish for sensory-motor disorder and readjustment during earl ... | 1997 | 11541765 |
| construction and characterization of bac libraries for three fish species; rainbow trout, carp and tilapia. | bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) libraries are important tools for genomic research. we have constructed seven genomic bac libraries from three fish species, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), carp (cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (oreochromis niloticus). the two rainbow trout bac libraries have average insert sizes of 58 and 110 kb. the average size of inserts in the carp bac library is 160 kb. the average insert sizes of the four tilapia bac libraries are 65, 105, 145 and 194 kb, respectiv ... | 2001 | 11531698 |
| vitellogenin gene transcription: a relative quantitative exposure indicator of environmental estrogens. | we report the development of a quantifiable exposure indicator for measuring the presence of environmental estrogens in aquatic systems. synthetic oligonucleotides, designed specifically for the vitellogenin gene (vg) transcription product, were used in a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) protocol. this extremely sensitive and rapid method was able to detect vitellogenin gene transcription in male common carp (cyprinus carpio) injected with 17beta-estradiol. sequence analy ... | 2001 | 11521824 |
| identification and quantitation method for nonylphenol and lower oligomer nonylphenol ethoxylates in fish tissues. | substantial research is currently focused on the toxicological effects of alkylphenol ethoxylates (apes) and alkylphenols (aps) on aquatic animals. considerable data are available on the concentrations of apes and aps in river systems in the united states; however, few if any data are available on the tissue concentrations of fish living in these rivers. a reliable method for the analysis of nonylphenol (np) and lower oligomer nonylphenol ethoxylates (npe1-3) in fish tissues has been developed. ... | 2001 | 11521811 |
| effects of light and darkness on cell deaths in damaged retinal ganglion cells of the carp retina. | effects of light and darkness on the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) in young carp were measured by tunel method after transection of the optic nerve. following the operation, the fish were kept under one of four regimens; constant darkness (dd), constant light (ll), 12 hr light and 12 hr dark (ld) and 3 hr of flickering light followed by 21 hr in the dark (fl). on day 3, the highest ratio of apoptotic rgcs was seen under conditions of dd, followed by ll, ld, and fl. on day 6, the per ... | 2001 | 11512415 |
| 3-methylcholanthrene increases phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced respiratory burst activity and intracellular calcium levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio l) macrophages. | phagocytic cells play a key role in the fish immune system. they secrete reactive oxygen species (ros) involved in their bactericidal activity. these cells are highly sensitive to pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic pollutants. we have investigated the intracellular mechanisms by which 3-methylcholanthrene (3-mc) increased bactericidal activity of carp phagocytes. macrophages isolated from head kidney (pronephros) and incubated 1 h with 3-mc enhanced their production ... | 2001 | 11509021 |
| inhibition of calcium signaling in terminal and soma of carp retinal bipolar cells by gaba. | to investigate the effect of activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptors on high k(+)-evoked ca2+ signaling in the terminal and soma of carp retinal on-type bipolar cells. | 2000 | 11501179 |
| toxic effects of copper and zinc mixtures on some haematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, cyprinus carpio (linn). | the effect of heavy metals and mixture were studied on some haematological and biochemical parameters in fish, cyprinus carpio at sublethal level over the period of 30 days. heavy metal significantly decreased total rbc count, haemogoblin, heamatocrit (hct) (except copper after 10 days exposure). the wbc count was increased significantly in all the treated fish. the mch, mchc, mvc were increased depending upon the exposure period; declined pvc was noticed at 1% level of significance after 30 day ... | 2001 | 11500014 |
| [glycine modulates the erg b-waves and on-type bipolar cells in carp retina]. | in the present work we investigated the effects of glycine on the electroretinograms (erg) and light responses of on-type bipolar cells under dark- and light-adapted conditions in superfused, isolated crucian carp retinas. it was revealed that application of 4 mmol/l glycine significantly suppressed the b-waves and the responses of on-type bipolar cells and the effects were blocked by co-application of 20 mumol/l strychnine. in addition, glycine had no apparent action on the piii component (phot ... | 1999 | 11499004 |
| [light and electron microscopic observation of zinc distribution in the carp retina]. | localization of zinc in the carp retina in both light and dark adaptation was investigated using neo-timm sulfate silver method. the results showed that in light adaptation, zinc was preponderantly present in the outer plexiform layer (opl). both terminals of zinc containing photoreceptors and dendrites of bipolar cells usually extend into zinc staining areas in opl. in dark adaptation, zinc staining in retina is blanched or only appeared in cytoplasmic bodies of few cones. there is no significa ... | 1999 | 11498989 |
| interaction of cone signals on l-type horizontal cell in carp retina: experiments and modeling. | intracellular recordings were made from the luminosity type cone driven horizontal cells (lhcs) in the isolated carp retina and model analysis was performed to investigate possible mechanisms underlying the interaction of different cone signals converging onto these cells. it was observed that a green background light enhanced the lhc's red response, and such enhancement was closely related to the activation of green cones. model analysis showed that the activity of both glutamate- and gaba-rela ... | 1999 | 11498964 |
| identification of two hsp90 genes in carp. | two hsp90 cdna isoforms (hsp90alpha and hsp90beta) were isolated from the common carp (cyprinus carpio). gene-specific probes and primers were selected and used in northern blot hybridization and rt-pcr reactions to measure the basal hsp90 mrna levels and to follow the inducer-specific expression of the hsp90 genes in different tissues during in vivo studies. the hsp90beta gene is largely constitutively expressed at a fairly high level in all the examined tissues (brain, liver and kidney) and is ... | 2001 | 11489437 |
| effect of temperature on the uptake of waterborne strontium in the common carp, cyprinus carpio (l.). | the effect of temperature on the uptake kinetics of strontium (sr) in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) was studied in vivo, exposing pre-acclimated fish to a wide range of sr concentrations in water (sr(total)=0.2-10,000 microm; ca(total)=348 microm) at 10, 20, 25 and 30 degrees c. sr uptake rates were determined in the whole body, gills and blood of the fish after an exposure period of 3 h and were analyzed as a function of the free-ion activity of sr and ca in water. the uptake of sr(2+) by t ... | 2001 | 11489303 |
| organization of the nkef gene and its expression in the common carp (cyprinus carpio). | natural killer enhancing factor (nkef) is a member of the newly defined peroxiredoxin (prx) family. its functions are to enhance the cytotoxic capacity of natural killer cells and to prevent dna and protein from being damaged by oxidative stress in the presence of thiol compounds. however, little is known about the structure and function of nkef in lower vertebrates. we have recently cloned a cdna encoding nkef from the common carp (cyprinus carpio) by use of suppression subtractive hybridizatio ... | 2001 | 11472781 |
| in situ hybridization of somatolactin transcripts in the pituitary glands from acclimatized carp (cyprinus carpio). | we isolated and cloned a carp somatolactin sl dna fragment, of which 78% of the nucleotides were identical to the corresponding salmon sl sequence. the results obtained upon northern blot hybridization of carp pituitary rna allowed the identification of two transcripts as described for other fish. when the content of sl transcripts in pituitary sections from summer- and winter-acclimatized carp was quantified by in situ hybridization assays, we found no significant differences between the two se ... | 2001 | 11471523 |
| development of a fish in vitro cell culture model to investigate oxidative stress and its modulation by dietary vitamin e. | when cultured in dulbecco's minimal essential medium the established epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line from carp was found to be vitamin e-deficient due to the very low level of vitamin e in the medium and the foetal calf serum used as supplement. the toxicity of oxidative stressors to this cell line was evaluated by means of the neutral red cytotoxicity assay and it was found that an organic hydroperoxide, t-butylhydroperoxide was extremely cytotoxic and that the redox-cycling agents diqu ... | 2013 | 11460747 |
| levels of cellular glutathione and metallothionein affect the toxicity of oxidative stressors in an established carp cell line. | the comparative toxicity of a variety of oxidative stressors was studied in the epithelioma papulosum cyprini line from carp using the neutral red cytotoxicity assay. lc50's decreased in the order t-butylhydroperoxide > hydrogen peroxide > diquat > paraquat. the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide was significantly reduced when the cells were grown in l-15 medium rather than mem and this could be attributed to elevated cellular glutathione and metallothionein levels and higher activities of gsh-de ... | 2013 | 11460739 |
| effects of the herbicide roundup on the ultrastructural pattern of hepatocytes in carp (cyprinus carpio). | experimental studies were performed on healthy, 80-100 g carp (cyprinus carpio). fish were exposed by emersion in roundup (205 mg of glyphosate/l or 410 mg of glyphosate/l) in concentrations of 40- to 20-fold lower than those used in practice. electron microscopy revealed that the herbicide caused appearance of myelin-like structures in carp hepatocytes, swelling of mitochondria and disappearance of internal membrane of mitochondria in carp at both exposure concentrations. it means that roundup ... | 2015 | 11460701 |
| effect of maillard reaction with glucose and ribose on solubility at low ionic strength and filament-forming ability of fish myosin. | it was previously reported that water-soluble fish meat can be prepared by the maillard reaction with reducing monosaccharides. to clarify the molecular mechanism of the solubility improvement caused by the glycosylation, carp myosin and myosin rod region were reacted with glucose and ribose, and their solubilities and filament-forming abilities at low ionic strength were investigated. the solubility of myosin in 0.1 m nacl increased with the glycosylation and reached the same level as in 0.5 m ... | 2001 | 11453782 |
| [cyclonucleotide-dependent pathway--one of the mechanisms of olfactory transduction of the amino acid signal in cyprinus carpio]. | | 2015 | 11452779 |
| differential role of adrenoceptors in control of plasma glucose and fatty acids in carp, cyprinus carpio (l.). | carp were cannulated in the dorsal aorta, and after 2 days of recovery they were infused with 1) norepinephrine, 2) yohimbine (alpha(2)-antagonist) plus norepinephrine, 3) clonidine (alpha(2)-agonist), and 4) isoproterenol (nonselective beta-agonist). norepinephrine lowered the plasma free fatty acid (ffa) level and raised the plasma glucose level for several hours. norepinephrine in combination with the alpha(2)-antagonist yohimbine resulted in retardation of the ffa decrease, indicating the in ... | 2001 | 11448867 |
| blocking ampa receptor desensitization prolongs spontaneous epsc decay times and depolarizes h1 horizontal cells in carp retinal slices. | desensitization of h1 horizontal cell (h1 hc) glutamate receptors was investigated in carp retinal slices using cyclothiazide (ctz), an inhibitor of ampa receptor desensitization. 100 microm ctz depolarized h1 hcs and increased the amplitude of light responses, without any prominent changes in their kinetics. spontaneous epscs (sepscs) in h1 hcs were observed in the presence of 2.5 mm heptanol, an uncoupling agent of gap junctions. 20 microm gyki52466 (an ampa receptor antagonist) blocked the se ... | 2001 | 11448513 |
| altered serum sex steroids and vitellogenin induction in walleye (stizostedion vitreum) collected near a metropolitan sewage treatment plant. | several recent in situ studies have reported that domestic and mixed domestic/industrial sewage effluents contain one or more natural or anthropogenic estrogenic substances. those studies examined caged or feral fish for the presence of the egg yolk precursor protein, vitellogenin (vtg), in the blood of male fish. we have previously reported that male, feral carp (cyprinus carpio) obtained from the effluent channel of a major sewage treatment plant (stp) exhibited depressed serum testosterone (t ... | 2001 | 11443371 |
| ontogenesis of hexokinase i and hexokinase iv (glucokinase) gene expressions in common carp (cyprinus carpio) related to diet. | the expressions of hexokinase iv (glucokinase, gk) and hexokinase (hk)-i genes were analysed during early ontogenesis of common carp (cyprinus carpio). unlike hk-i gene, which was expressed during all the stages of the development, gk was only induced by the first feeding with high levels of dextrin as a source of carbohydrate. this study confirms the high capacity of common carp to use glucose even at the very early stages of development. | 2001 | 11430768 |
| correlations between osteocalcin content, degree of mineralization, and mechanical properties of c. carpio rib bone. | osteocalcin is one of the most abundant noncollagenous proteins in bone. it is strongly associated with the mineral phase of bone, and has long been associated as a marker of bone turnover. however, its relationship to bone composition, strength, and structure is unclear. carp rib bone is an excellent model for the study, because osteocalcin represents almost 60% of the total extractable noncollagenous proteins found in it. because of the abundance of osteocalcin relative to other extractable pr ... | 2001 | 11426600 |
| invasive carp in the mississippi river basin. | | 2001 | 11424944 |
| micronuclei induced in erythrocytes of cyprinus carpio (teleostei, pisces) by x-rays and colchicine. | in the present work the induction of micronuclei in erythrocytes of cyprinus carpio treated with x-rays and colchicine is studied for the evaluation of mutagenic effects of both clastogenic and mitoclastic (spindle poisoning) agents in this system. three different experiments were performed treating groups of laboratory-reproduced animals with (1) single doses of x-rays (0.1, 0.5 and 2gy); (2) a single i.p. injection of colchicine at the concentrations: 1.6x10(-2), 8x10(-2), 0.4 and 2mg/kg b.w. ... | 2001 | 11423354 |
| hydrogen ion binding properties of tuna haemoglobins. | tunas are very active fish with a high aerobic capacity, but they also regularly perform burst swimming with massive production of lactic acid. the present study examines whether h(+) buffering by tuna haemoglobin (hb) is elevated to cope with metabolic acidoses (by analogy with the high buffer capacity of tuna white musculature) or whether the hb-h(+) binding properties resemble other teleosts that have low buffer values and high haldane effects. h(+) titration of oxygenated and deoxygenated co ... | 2001 | 11423321 |
| physiological and pharmacological characterization of glutamate and gaba receptors on carp retinal neurons. | | 2001 | 11420948 |
| plasticity of myosin heavy chain expression with temperature acclimation is gradually acquired during ontogeny in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were reared from hatching until 61 mm total length (tl) at 21 degrees c. at 14 weeks and 20 weeks post-hatch, corresponding to initial lengths of 30 mm and 44 mm respectively, fish were acclimated to 10 degrees c using a rate of cooling of 1 degrees c per day. a statistical model was used to compare the time course in the change of white muscle myofibrillar atpase activity with temperature acclimation. the myosin heavy chain (mhc) composition of white muscle myof ... | 2001 | 11409629 |