| an intervarietal genetic linkage map of indian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and qtl maps for some metric traits. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) exhibits very narrow genetic diversity and hence there is high relatedness among cultivated varieties. however, a population generated from an intervarietal cross, with the parents differing in a large number of traits, could lead to the generation of qtl maps which will be useful in practice. in this report a genetic linkage map of wheat is constructed using a cross between two indian bread wheat varieties: sonalika and kalyansona. the linkage map consisted of ... | 2007 | 17894910 |
| organellar genome analysis of rye (secale cereale) representing diverse geographic regions. | rye (secale cereale) is an important diploid (2n = 14, rr) crop species of the triticeae and a better understanding of its organellar genome variation can aid in its improvement. previous genetic analyses of rye focused on the nuclear genome. in the present study, the objective was to investigate the organellar genome diversity and relationships of 96 accessions representing diverse geographic regions using chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) dna pcr-rflps. seven cpdna and 4 mtdna coding and ... | 2007 | 17893732 |
| simulating the effects of localized red:far-red ratio on tillering in spring wheat (triticum aestivum) using a three-dimensional virtual plant model. | the outgrowth of tiller buds in poaceae is influenced by the ratio of red to far-red light irradiance (r:fr). at each point in the plant canopy, r:fr is affected by light scattered by surrounding plant tissues. this paper presents a three-dimensional virtual plant modelling approach to simulate local effects of r:fr on tillering in spring wheat (triticum aestivum). r:fr dependence of bud outgrowth was implemented in a wheat model, using three hypothetical responses of bud extension to r:fr (unit ... | 2007 | 17888114 |
| [effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrate reductase activity, nitric oxide content and gas exchange in winter wheat leaves]. | in this paper, the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the nitrate reductase (nr) activity, nitric oxide (no) content and gas exchange parameters in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves from tillering stage to heading stage and on grain yield were studied. the results showed that the photosynthetic rate (p(n)), transpiration rate (t(r)) and instantaneous water use efficiency (iwue) of leaves as well as the grain yield were increased with increasing nitrogen application rate ... | 2007 | 17886633 |
| assessment of fusarium infection in wheat heads using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay. | the accuracy of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay in quantifying the dna of trichothecene-producing f. culmorum and f. graminearum within harvested wheat grains and head tissue was evaluated in comparison with incidences of infected kernels and deoxynivalenol levels. in a first experiment, six durum and bread wheat varieties were grown in randomized plots for a 2-year period, and inoculated with fusarium macroconidia at six growth stages between heading and dough ripening, to obtain ... | 2007 | 17886184 |
| [distribution of 45s rdna sequence on chromosomes of triticum aes-tivum and its relative species]. | fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) and sequential c-banding and fish techniques were used in locating 45s rdna sequence on specific chromosomes of triticum monococcum, t. dicoccoides, t. aestivum, hordeum vulgare, haynaldia villosa, t. durum-haynaldia villosa amphiploid, avena fatus, and roegneria kamoji. high polymorphism between common wheat and its relatives on 45s rdna sequence distribution was detected. all the chromosomal secondary constriction regions of these species had 45s rdna l ... | 2007 | 17855264 |
| rapd markers associated with drought tolerance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | randomly amplified polymorphic dnas (rapds) were used to search genetic diversity and markers associated with drought tolerance in 20 bread wheat cultivars. these cultivars are extensively being used by farmers in iran, 6 of them are known as drought tolerant. initial screens involved growing 10 cultivars at seedling stage under drought conditions (-5 and -8 bar) exerted by peg 6000 in a hydroponic experiment. these tests confirmed the tolerance of the 6 above mentioned cultivars. thirty 10-mer ... | 2007 | 19090135 |
| flavonoid profiling among wild type and related gm wheat varieties. | pleiotropic effects are one of the main concerns regarding genetically modified organisms (gmos). this includes unintended side effects of the transgene or its genome insertion site on the regulation of other endogenous genes, which could potentially cause the accumulation of different secondary metabolites that may have not only an impact on diet as repeatedly worried by the public but also on the environment. regarding amount and possible environmental effects, flavonoids represent the most pr ... | 2007 | 17849220 |
| analysis of expression profile of selected genes expressed during auxin-induced somatic embryogenesis in leaf base system of wheat (triticum aestivum) and their possible interactions. | somatic embryogenesis is a notable illustration of plant totipotency and involves reprogramming of development in somatic cells toward the embryogenic pathway. auxins are key components as their exogenous application recuperates the embryogenic potential of the mitotically quiescent somatic cells. in order to unravel the molecular basis of somatic embryogenesis, cdna library was made from the regeneration proficient wheat leaf base segments treated with auxin. in total, 1440 clones were sequence ... | 2007 | 17849219 |
| molecular and phylogenetic analysis of mads-box genes of mikc type and chromosome location of sep-like genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | transcription factors encoded by mikc-type mads-box genes control many important functions in plants, including flower development and morphogenesis. the cloning and characterization of 45 mikc-type mads-box full-length cdna sequences of common wheat is reported in the present paper. wheat est databases were searched by known sequences of mikc-type genes and primers were designed for cdna cloning by rt-pcr. full-length cdnas were obtained by 5' and 3' race extension. southern analysis showed tha ... | 2007 | 17846794 |
| simulation of the three-dimensional distribution of the red:far-red ratio within crop canopies. | it is widely recognized that the red:far-red ratio (zeta) acts as a signal that triggers plant morphogenesis. new insights into photomorphogenesis have been gained through experiments in controlled environments. extrapolation of such results to field conditions requires characterization of the zeta signal perceived by plant organs within canopies. this paper presents a modeling approach to characterize this signal. a wheat (triticum aestivum) architectural model was coupled with a three-dimensio ... | 2007 | 17803651 |
| mitochondrial alternative pathway is associated with development of freezing tolerance in common wheat. | cold acclimation is an adaptive process for acquiring cold/freezing tolerance in wheat. to clarify the cultivar difference of freezing tolerance, we compared mitochondrial respiration activity and the expression profile of alternative oxidase (aox) genes under low-temperature conditions using two common wheat cultivars differing in freezing tolerance. during cold acclimation, the respiration capacity of the alternative pathway significantly increased in a freezing-tolerant cultivar compared with ... | 2008 | 17766003 |
| wheat (triticum aestivum l.) root proteome and differentially expressed root proteins between hybrid and parents. | to better understand the development of wheat roots, a reference map of the major soluble proteins of wheat roots was established using a combination of 2-de and maldi tof ms and ms/ms, and a total of 450 protein spots were detected with silver staining in a ph ranges of 4-7, of which 282 spots corresponding to 240 proteins were identified. these identified proteins were grouped into diverse functional categories. in comparison with a wheat leave proteome, in root, proteins involved in metabolis ... | 2007 | 17722204 |
| diversity of acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase mutations in resistant lolium populations: evaluation using clethodim. | the acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase (accase)-inhibiting cyclohexanedione herbicide clethodim is used to control grass weeds infesting dicot crops. in australia clethodim is widely used to control the weed lolium rigidum. however, clethodim-resistant lolium populations have appeared over the last 5 years and now are present in many populations across the western australian wheat (triticum aestivum) belt. an aspartate-2078-glycine (gly) mutation in the plastidic accase enzyme has been identified as ... | 2007 | 17720757 |
| purification of antifreeze protein from wheat bran (triticum aestivum l.) based on its hydrophilicity and ice-binding capacity. | wheat-bran ( triticum aestivum l.) antifreeze protein ( taafp) was purified 323-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity with an overall yield of 1.64% from wheat-bran protein by a specific three-step procedure. the three-step procedure was quicker, cheaper, and more effective than the five-step procedure we used earlier. first, taafp was concentrated by a phosphate buffer, on the basis of its strong hydrophilicity that was validated by thermal gravimetric analyses and a surface hydrophobicity analys ... | 2007 | 17715897 |
| genetic dissection of grain yield in bread wheat. i. qtl analysis. | grain yield forms one of the key economic drivers behind a successful wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cropping enterprise and is consequently a major target for wheat breeding programmes. however, due to its complex nature, little is known regarding the genetic control of grain yield. a doubled-haploid population, comprising 182 individuals, produced from a cross between two cultivars 'trident' and 'molineux', was used to construct a linkage map based largely on microsatellite molecular makers. 'tr ... | 2007 | 17713755 |
| development and validation of a viviparous-1 sts marker for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance in chinese wheats. | pre-harvest sprouting (phs) of wheat reduces the quality of wheat grain, and improving phs tolerance is a priority in certain wheat growing regions where conditions favorable for phs exist. two new viviparous-1 allelic variants related to phs tolerance were investigated on b genome of bread wheat, and designated as vp-1bb and vp-1bc, respectively. sequence analysis showed that vp-1bb and vp-1bc had an insertion of 193-bp and a deletion of 83-bp fragment, respectively, located in the third intron ... | 2007 | 17712543 |
| genetic dissection of grain yield in bread wheat. ii. qtl-by-environment interaction. | the grain yield of wheat is influenced by genotype, environment and genotype-by-environment interaction. a mapping population consisting of 182 doubled haploid progeny derived from a cross between the southern australian varieties 'trident' and 'molineux', was used to characterise the interaction of previously mapped grain yield quantitative trait locus (qtl) with specific environmental covariables. environments (17) used for grain yield assessment were characterised for latitude, rainfall, vari ... | 2007 | 17712541 |
| identification of a protein kinase gene associated with pistillody, homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures, in alloplasmic wheat. | homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (called pistillody) has been reported in cytoplasmic substitution (alloplasmic) lines of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) having the cytoplasm of a wild relative species, aegilops crassa. our previous studies indicated that pistillody is caused by alterations of the class b mads-box gene expression pattern associated with mitochondrial gene(s) in the ae. crassa cytoplasm. to elucidate the nuclear gene involved in the cross-talk betwee ... | 2007 | 17704940 |
| powdery mildew resistance in 155 nordic bread wheat cultivars and landraces. | the occurrence and distribution of seedling resistance genes and the presence of adult plant resistance to powdery mildew, was investigated in a collection of 155 nordic bread wheat landraces and cultivars by inoculation with 11 powdery mildew isolates. eighty-nine accessions were susceptible in the seedling stage, while 66 accessions showed some resistance. comparisons of response patterns allowed postulation of combinations of genes pm1a, pm2, pm4b, pm5, pm6, pm8 and pm9 in 21 lines. seedling ... | 2007 | 17663702 |
| alteration of respiration capacity and transcript accumulation level of alternative oxidase genes in necrosis lines of common wheat. | mitochondrial alternative oxidase (aox) is the terminal oxidase responsible for cyanide-insensitive and salicylhydroxamic acid-sensitive respiration in plants. aox is a key enzyme of the alternative respiration pathway. to study the effects of necrotic cell death on the mitochondrial function, production of reactive oxygen species (ros), respiration capacities and accumulation patterns of mitochondria-targeted protein-encoding gene transcripts were compared between wild-type, lesion-mimic mutant ... | 2007 | 17660693 |
| the use of plant waxes as templates for micro- and nanopatterning of surfaces. | small wax sculptures on plant surfaces are responsible for a variety of functions, including the maintenance of sability, self-cleaning properties, prevention of insect attachment and reflection of light. here we report on a method for using recrystallized plant wax crystals on flat technical surfaces for generating micro- and nanopatterned polymers with particular functions. therefore a more than 4-thousand year old replica technique called the "lost wax technique" has been adapted for reproduc ... | 2007 | 17656166 |
| microsatellite mapping of adult-plant leaf rust resistance gene lr22a in wheat. | this study was conducted to identify microsatellite markers (ssr) linked to the adult-plant leaf rust resistance gene lr22a and examine their cross-applicability for marker-assisted selection in different genetic backgrounds. lr22a was previously introgressed from aegilops tauschii coss. to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and located to chromosome 2ds. comparing ssr alleles from the donor of lr22a to two backcross lines and their recurrent parents showed that between two and five ssr markers were c ... | 2007 | 17646964 |
| molecular mapping of kernel shattering and its association with fusarium head blight resistance in a sumai3 derived population. | kernel shattering (ks) can cause severe grain yield loss in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the introduction of genotypes with fusarium head blight (fhb) resistance has elevated the ks importance. 'sumai3,' the most commonly used fhb-resistant germplasm worldwide, is reported to be ks susceptible. the objectives of this study were to detect quantitative trait loci (qtls) for ks and to determine the relationship between ks and fhb. a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between s ... | 2007 | 17646963 |
| natural variation for fertile triploid f1 hybrid formation in allohexaploid wheat speciation. | the tempo, mode, and geography of allopolyploid speciation are influenced by natural variation in the ability of parental species to express postzygotic reproductive phenotypes that affect hybrid fertility. to shed light on the impact of such natural variations, we used allohexaploid triticum aestivum wheats' evolution as a model and analyzed the geographic and phylogenetic distributions of aegilops tauschii (diploid progenitor) accessions involved in the expression of abnormality and fertility ... | 2007 | 17639301 |
| a pseudo-response regulator is misexpressed in the photoperiod insensitive ppd-d1a mutant of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | ppd-d1 on chromosome 2d is the major photoperiod response locus in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). a semi-dominant mutation widely used in the "green revolution" converts wheat from a long day (ld) to a photoperiod insensitive (day neutral) plant, providing adaptation to a broad range of environments. comparative mapping shows ppd-d1 to be colinear with the ppd-h1 gene of barley (hordeum vulgare) which is a member of the pseudo-response regulator (prr) gene family. to investigate the relati ... | 2007 | 17634915 |
| genome-wide linkage disequilibrium analysis in bread wheat and durum wheat. | bread wheat and durum wheat were examined for linkage disequilibrium (ld) using microsatellite markers distributed across the genome. the allele database consisted of 189 bread wheat accessions genotyped at 370 loci and 93 durum wheat accessions genotyped at 245 loci. a significance level of p < 0.001 was set for all comparisons. the bread and durum wheat collections showed that 47.9% and 14.0% of all locus pairs were in ld, respectively. ld was more prevalent between loci on the same chromosome ... | 2007 | 17632577 |
| isolation and characterization of viviparous-1 genes in wheat cultivars with distinct aba sensitivity and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance. | pre-harvest sprouting (phs) of wheat reduces the quality and economic value of grain, and increasing phs tolerance is one of the most important traits in wheat breeding. two new vp-1b alleles related to phs tolerance were identified on the 3bl chromosome of bread wheat and were designated vp-1bb and vp-1bc. sequence analysis showed that vp-1bb has a 193 bp insertion and vp-1bc has a 83 bp deletion located in the third intron region of the vp-1b gene, and that they shared 95.43% and 97.89% simila ... | 2007 | 17630295 |
| effect of cadmium toxicity on the level of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes activity in wheat plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. | high concentrations of heavy metals in the soil have an adverse effect on micro-organisms and microbial processes. mycorrhizas are among the extracellular strategies to avoid metal toxicity. in the present study, the effect of cadmium on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes activity of am (with glomus veruciforme, g. intraradices and g. etunicatum) and non-am wheat plants was investigated. wheat plants (triticum aestivum l. cv. azar2) which have been colonized by above species, were used ... | 2007 | 19070166 |
| soil water availability modulation over estimated relative yield losses in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) due to ozone exposure. | the approach developed by fuhrer in 1995 to estimate wheat yield losses induced by ozone and modulated by the soil water content (swc) was applied to the data on catalonian wheat yields. the aim of our work was to apply this approach and adjust it to mediterranean environmental conditions by means of the necessary corrections. the main objective pursued was to prove the importance of soil water availability in the estimation of relative wheat yield losses as a factor that modifies the effects of ... | 2007 | 17619747 |
| molecular characterization of vernalization response genes in canadian spring wheat. | vernalization response (vrn) genes play a major role in determining the flowering/maturity times of spring-sown wheat. we characterized a representative set of 40 western canadian adapted spring wheat cultivars/lines for 3 vrn loci. the 40 genotypes were screened, along with 4 genotypes of known vrn genes, using previously published genome-specific polymerase chain reaction primers designed for detecting the presence or absence of dominant or recessive alleles of the major vrn loci: vrn-a1, vrn- ... | 2007 | 17612620 |
| the alpha-tubulin gene family in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and differential gene expression during cold acclimation. | the alpha-tubulins and beta-tubulins are the major constituents of microtubules, which have been recognized as important structural elements in cell growth and morphogenesis, and, recently, for their role in regulation and signal transduction. we have identified 15 full-length cdnas for the members of the alpha-tubulin gene family in hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the genes were clustered into 5 homeologous groups of 3 genes. representatives of the 5 homeologous groups were mapped ... | 2007 | 17612619 |
| gibberellins and heterosis of plant height in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | heterosis in internode elongation and plant height are commonly observed in hybrid plants, and higher gas contents were found to be correlated with the heterosis in plant height. however, the molecular basis for the increased internode elongation in hybrids is unknown. | 2007 | 17598921 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for endogenous reference gene for specific detection and quantification of common wheat-derived dna (triticum aestivum l.). | a species-specific endogenous reference gene system was developed for polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based analysis in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by targeting the almt1 gene, an aluminium-activated malate transporter. the primers and probe were elaborated for real-time pcr-based qualitative and quantitative assay. the size of amplified product is 95 base pairs. the specificity was assessed on 17 monocot and dicot plant species. the established real-time pcr assay amplified only t. aest ... | 2008 | 17580632 |
| [effect of antioxidant-ambiol on the radiation adaptive response]. | for studying of the mechanism of adaptive response of plants the seeds of soft wheat triticum aestivum cultivar moscovskaya 39 were irradiated in doses 0.25, 50 and 0.25 + 50 gy and the frequency of cells with aberrations and the mitotic activity in the meristem of seedlings were scored. the pre- and post-treatments of seeds with antioxidant--ambiol were also used. it was found that the exposure of seeds to 0.25 gy reduce the effects of challenge dose of 50 gy: the mitotic index increases and th ... | 2016 | 17571724 |
| using genotype x nitrogen interaction variables to evaluate the qtl involved in wheat tolerance to nitrogen constraints. | lower market prices and environmental concerns now orientate wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding programs towards low input agricultural practices, and more particularly low nitrogen (n) input management. such programs require knowledge of the genetic determination of plant reaction to n deficiency. our aim was to characterize the genetic basis of n use efficiency and genotype x n interactions. the detection of qtl for grain yield, grain protein yield and their components was performed on a ma ... | 2007 | 17569029 |
| high salt stress induces swollen prothylakoids in dark-grown wheat and alters both prolamellar body transformation and reformation after irradiation. | high salinity causes ion imbalance and osmotic stress in plants. leaf sections from 8-d-old dark-grown wheat (triticum aestivum cv. giza 168) were exposed to high salt stress (600 mm) and the native arrangements of plastid pigments together with the ultrastructure of the plastids were studied using low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. although plastids from salt-treated leaves had highly swollen prothylakoids (pts) the prolamellar bodies (plbs) were reg ... | 2007 | 17562691 |
| genetic analysis of protein, lysine, gluten and flour yield in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the study was carried out to investigate the nature of gene action determining the inheritance pattern of protein, lysine, gluten and flour yield in eight wheat varieties (pak 81, pothowar 93, parwaz 94, shahkar 95, suleiman 96, chakwal 97, kohistan 97 and mh 97) selected on the basis of phenotypic diversity. in order to ascertain the gene action involved in the inheritance of these characters, the techniques like analysis of variance of hayman model and genetic component analysis were employed. ... | 2007 | 19093437 |
| priming of seeds with nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (snp) alleviates the inhibition on wheat seed germination by salt stress. | the effect of snp, an no donor, on seed germination of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. 'dk961') under salt stress was studied. the results showed that priming of seeds with 0.06 mmol/l snp for 24 h markedly alleviated the decrease of the germination percentage, germination index, vigor index and imbibition rate of wheat seeds under salt stress. snp significantly alleviated the decrease of the beta-amylase activity but almost did not affect the alpha-amylase activity of wheat seeds under salt str ... | 2007 | 17556812 |
| [the mechanisms of variation of subtelomeric repeats speltl in the progeny of introgressive line triticum aestivum l. x aegilops speltoides tausch]. | quantitative variation of species-specific subtelomeric repeat speltl was studied in the progeny of an individual accession from the introgressive line triticum aestivum x aegilops speltoides. in the progeny, no cases of the speltl increased content were observed. on the contrary, in some cases statistically significant decrease of the repeat copy number was detected. it seems likely that the mechanisms of the spelt1 elimination involve either the selection at the gamete level versus the increas ... | 2007 | 17555135 |
| [genetic control of the spring habit in old local cultivars and landraces of common wheat from siberia]. | the inheritance of the spring habit was studied in 63 old local cultivars and landraces of common wheat from eastern and western siberia and the tyva republic. minimal polymorphism was observed for the dominant vrn genes, controlling the spring habit in landraces of these regions. the control was digenic and involved the vrnl and vrn2 dominant genes in the majority (95%) of cultivars and was monogenic in three cultivars. none of the cultivars had the vrn3 dominant gene, characteristic of the nei ... | 2007 | 17555122 |
| comparison between gradient-dependent hydraulic conductivities of roots using the root pressure probe: the role of pressure propagations and implications for the relative roles of parallel radial pathways. | hydrostatic pressure relaxations with the root pressure probe are commonly used for measuring the hydraulic conductivity (lp(r)) of roots. we compared the lp(r) of roots from species with different root hydraulic properties (lupinus angustifolius l. 'merrit', lupinus luteus l. 'wodjil', triticum aestivum l. 'kulin' and zea mays l. 'pacific dk 477') using pressure relaxations, a pressure clamp and osmotic gradients to induce water flow across the root. only the pressure clamp measures water flow ... | 2007 | 17547657 |
| cloning and characterization of micrornas from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small, non-coding regulatory rnas that regulate gene expression by guiding target mrna cleavage or translational inhibition. so far, identification of mirnas has been limited to a few model plant species, such as arabidopsis, rice and populus, whose genomes have been sequenced. wheat is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide. to date, only a few conserved mirnas have been predicted in wheat and the computational identification of wheat mirnas requires ... | 2007 | 17543110 |
| factors contributing to enhanced freezing tolerance in wheat during frost hardening in the light. | the interaction between light and temperature during the development of freezing tolerance was studied in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. mv emese). ten-day-old plants were cold hardened at 5 degrees c for 12 days under normal (250 micromol m(-2)s(-1)) or low light (20 micromol m(-2)s(-1)) conditions. some of the plants were kept at 20/18 degrees c for 12 days at high light intensity (500 micromol m(-2)s(-1)), which also increased the freezing tolerance of winter wheat. the freezing surv ... | 2007 | 17537468 |
| the einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum) mutant, maintained vegetative phase, is caused by a deletion in the vrn1 gene. | the einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum) mutant, maintained vegetative phase (mvp), was induced by nitrogen ion-beam treatment and was identified by its inability to transit from the vegetative to reproductive phase. in our previous study, we showed that wap1 (wheat apetala1) is a key gene in the regulatory pathway that controls phase transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in common wheat. wap1 is an ortholog of the vrn1 gene that is responsible for vernalization insensitivity in einko ... | 2007 | 17507783 |
| dissection of barley chromosome 5h in common wheat. | we dissected barley chromosome 5h added to common wheat by a genetic method or the gametocidal system. firstly, we induced chromosomal breaks in the offspring of a 5h addition line of common wheat carrying a gametocidal chromosome and cytologically screened for plants with structural chromosomal changes involving 5h, such as deletions and translocations. secondly, we screened the progeny of such plants to establish common wheat lines carrying structurally changed chromosomes containing single se ... | 2007 | 17507778 |
| generation of novel high quality hmw-gs genes in two introgression lines of triticum aestivum/agropyron elongatum. | high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) have been proved to be mostly correlated with the processing quality of common wheat (triticum aestivum). but wheat cultivars have limited number of high quality hmw-gs. however, novel hmw-gs were found to be present in many wheat asymmetric somatic hybrid introgression lines of common wheat/agropyron elongatum. | 2007 | 17502002 |
| heat-induced accumulation of chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, ef-tu, in winter wheat. | chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, ef-tu, has been implicated in heat tolerance in maize (zea mays). chloroplast ef-tu is highly conserved, and it is possible that this protein may be of importance to heat tolerance in other species including wheat (triticum aestivum). in this study, we assessed heat tolerance and determined the relative levels of ef-tu in mature plants (at flowering stage) of 12 cultivars of winter wheat experiencing a 16-d-long heat treatment (36/30 degrees c, da ... | 2008 | 17498838 |
| [the effects of gene rht8 alleles in agronomic traits of winter bread wheat in the conditions of south steppe of the ukraine]. | resistance to frost, winterhardiness, yield and its components were investigated in recombinant-inbred lines f5 odesskaya 16/bezostaya 1 and 61 winter wheat varieties differing on the alleles of rht8 gene. the absence of influence of gene rht8 different alleles on the tested traits was shown. the high frequency of distribution of alleles rht8c in modern wheat varieties developed in plant breeding and genetics institute is a result of high frequency of use of this allele in genetic pool after 195 ... | 2008 | 17494341 |
| inheritance and expression of copies of transgenes 1dx5 and 1ax1 in elite wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties transferred from transgenic wheat through conventional crossing. | to study the inheritance and expression of multiple copies of transgenes from transgenic wheat lines, three crosses between transgenic wheat lines b72-8-11b and b102-1-2 and chinese elite wheat varieties chuan89-107 and emai18 were carried out. chuan89-107x72-8-11b, chuan89-107x102-1-2 and emai18x72-8-11b, and f(1) plants were selfed or backcrossed to obtain different generation populations. protein analysis in grains of f(1) and f(2) and backcross progenies of bc(1)f(1), bc(1)f(2), bc(1)f(3), b ... | 2007 | 17492135 |
| response of photosynthetic apparatus to moderate high temperature in contrasting wheat cultivars at different oxygen concentrations. | the photosynthetic responses to moderately high temperatures (38 degrees c, imposed at 21% or 2% o(2) in air and 1500 mumol m(-2) s(-1)) were compared in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars grown in northern regions of ukraine and expected to be relatively sensitive to high temperatures ('north' cultivars) and in cultivars grown in southern regions and expected to be relatively heat-tolerant ('south' cultivars). heating intact leaves in 21% o(2) for 1 h decreased co(2) assimilation by c. 63% ... | 2007 | 17490996 |
| kraft mill sludge to improve vegetal production in chilean andisol. | the effect of kraft mill sludge addition (25 to 75 ton/ha) to soil derived from volcanic ashes (andisol) on wheat (triticum aestivum l.cv. puken) biomass production, and in the nutrient absorption by the plants was evaluated. respiration activity and seed germination tests were carried out on the soil/sludge mixtures, in order to evaluate possible toxic effects due to the sludge addition to the soil. soil without sludge was used as a control treatment. the plants were grown in a greenhouse (25 d ... | 2007 | 17486832 |
| [introgression of aegilops genetic material into the genome of hexaploid triticale]. | cytological analysis of different meiosis stages was performed in f4 hybrids in comparison with the f1 hybrids obtained through crosses between the hexaploid triticale and genome-substitution forms of aurolata (aabbuu) and aurosis (aabbs(sh)s(sh)) wheat, in which d genome of common wheat aurora was substituted for the genomes of aegilops umbellulata and ae. sharonensis, respectively. it was demonstrated that in f4 the level of bivalent conjugation was substantially higher than the expected one. ... | 2007 | 17486755 |
| hemi-nested touchdown pcr combined with primer-template mismatch pcr for rapid isolation and sequencing of low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene family from a hexaploid wheat bac library. | hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) possesses a large genome that contains 1.6 x 1010 bp of dna. isolation of a large number of gene sequences from complex gene families with a high level of gene sequence identity from genomic dna is therefore difficult and time-consuming. bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) libraries can be useful for such work. here we report on an efficient approach for rapid isolation and sequencing of the low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene family from the 'glen ... | 2007 | 17480230 |
| physical mapping and identification of a candidate for the leaf rust resistance gene lr1 of wheat. | lr1 is a dominant leaf rust resistance gene located on chromosome 5dl of bread wheat and the wild species aegilops tauschii. in this study, three polymorphic markers (wr001, wr002, and wr003) were developed from resistance gene analogs (rgas) clustering around the lr1 locus. using these and other markers, lr1 was mapped to a genetic interval of 0.79 cm in ae. tauschii and 0.075 cm in wheat. the caps marker wr003, derived from lr1rga1, co-segregated with lr1 in both mapping populations of wheat a ... | 2007 | 17479240 |
| molecular rearrangement in por macrodomains as a reason for the blue shift of chlorophyllide fluorescence observed after phototransformation. | the activation energy and activation volume of the spectral blue shift subsequent to protochlorophyllide phototransformation (called shibata shift in intact leaves) were studied in prolamellar body (plb) and prothylakoid-(pt)-enriched membrane fractions prepared from dark-grown wheat (triticum aestivum, l.) leaves. the measurements were done at 20, 30 and 40 degrees c and at various pressure values. the activation energy values were 181+/-8 kj mol(-1) and 188+/-6 kj mol(-1) for the plbs and the ... | 2007 | 17459331 |
| d hordeins of hordeum chilense: a novel source of variation for improvement of wheat. | the high molecular weight subunits of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) glutenin (hmw-gs) are important in determining the bread-making quality of flour and dough. there is therefore interest in transferring orthologous hmw-gs present in other grass species into wheat by wide crossing in order to extend the range of end use properties. in this work, we have isolated and characterized two genes encoding d hordeins from hordeum chilense (roem. et schult.) lines h1 and h7, representing two ecotypes. the ... | 2007 | 17458535 |
| role of hydrogen peroxide during the interaction between the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen septoria tritici and wheat. | hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) is reported to inhibit biotrophic but benefit necrotrophic pathogens. infection by necrotrophs can result in a massive accumulation of h(2)o(2) in hosts. little is known of how pathogens with both growth types are affected (hemibiotrophs). the hemibiotroph, septoria tritici, infecting wheat (triticum aestivum) is inhibited by h(2)o(2) during the biotrophic phase, but a large h(2)o(2) accumulation occurs in the host during reproduction. here, we infiltrated catalase, ... | 2007 | 17447918 |
| grinding up wheat: a massive loss of nucleotide diversity since domestication. | several demographic and selective events occurred during the domestication of wheat from the allotetraploid wild emmer (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides). cultivated wheat has since been affected by other historical events. we analyzed nucleotide diversity at 21 loci in a sample of 101 individuals representing 4 taxa corresponding to representative steps in the recent evolution of wheat (wild, domesticated, cultivated durum, and bread wheats) to unravel the evolutionary history of cultivated w ... | 2007 | 17443011 |
| a qtl on chromosome 6a in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is associated with longer coleoptiles, greater seedling vigour and final plant height. | wheat crops with greater early vigour shade the soil surface more rapidly and reduce water loss. evaporative losses affect water-use efficiency particularly in drier regions where most of the rainfall occurs early in the growing season before canopy closure. greater seedling leaf area and longer coleoptiles are major determinants of increased vigour and better crop establishment. a previously developed high vigour breeding line 'vigour 18' was used to establish a large recombinant inbred family ... | 2007 | 17429602 |
| allelic variation of polyphenol oxidase (ppo) genes located on chromosomes 2a and 2d and development of functional markers for the ppo genes in common wheat. | polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity is highly related to the undesirable browning of wheat-based end products, especially asian noodles. characterization of ppo genes and the development of their functional markers are of great importance for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding. in the present study, complete genomic dna sequences of two ppo genes, one each located on chromosomes 2a and 2d and their allelic variants were characterized by means of in silico cloning and experimental validati ... | 2007 | 17426955 |
| complex genome rearrangements reveal evolutionary dynamics of pericentromeric regions in the triticeae. | most pericentromeric regions of eukaryotic chromosomes are heterochromatic and are the most rapidly evolving regions of complex genomes. the closely related genomes within hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n=6x=42, aabbdd), as well as in the related triticeae taxa, share large conserved chromosome segments and provide a good model for the study of the evolution of pericentromeric regions. here we report on the comparative analysis of pericentric inversions in the triticeae, including triti ... | 2006 | 17426778 |
| induction of phenolic compounds in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) tissue cultures by streptomycin. | the tissue cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were induced from the mature embryos (explants) of the dry grains and grown on ms medium containing kinetin (0.1 mg/1) and 2,4 d (1.0 mg/l). the cultures were incubated for two weeks at (25+/-2) degrees c under a light/dark regime (16 h light daily). the formed calli were subcultured at the beginning of the stationary growth phase (15 days) with fresh ms medium containing 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150 mg/l streptomycin elicitor and maintained for ... | 2013 | 17425105 |
| wheat phytotoxicity from arsenic and cadmium separately and together in solution culture and in a calcareous soil. | the toxicity of two toxic elements, arsenic (as) and cadmium (cd) (individually or in combination) on root elongation of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum, l.) were investigated both in hydroponics and in soils freshly spiked with the toxic elements. median effective concentration (ec(50)) and non-observed effect concentration (noec) were used to investigate the toxic thresholds and potencies of the two elements. the ec(50) for as was 0.97 microm in hydroponics and 196 mgkg(-1) in soil, and 4.3 ... | 2007 | 17418485 |
| meiotic restitution in wheat polyhaploids (amphihaploids): a potent evolutionary force. | polyploidy is well recognized as a major force in plant speciation. among the polyploids in nature, allopolyploids are preponderant and include important crop plants like bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42; aabbdd genomes). allopolyploidy must result through concomitant or sequential events that entail interspecific or intergeneric hybridization and chromosome doubling in the resultant hybrids. to gain insight into the mechanism of evolution of wheat, we extracted polyhaploids of 2 ... | 2010 | 17416932 |
| transcriptional profiling of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots identifies novel, dehydration-responsive genes. | we used a long-oligonucleotide microarray to identify transcripts that increased or decreased in abundance in roots of dehydration-tolerant hexaploid bread wheat, in response to withholding of water. we observed that the major classes of dehydration-responsive genes (e.g. osmoprotectants, compatible solutes, proteases, glycosyltransferases/hydrolases, signal transducers components, ion transporters) were generally similar to those observed previously in other species and osmotic stresses. more s ... | 2007 | 17407540 |
| characterization of wheat germin (oxalate oxidase) expressed by pichia pastoris. | high-level secretory expression of wheat (triticum aestivum) germin/oxalate oxidase was achieved in pichia pastoris fermentation cultures as an alpha-mating factor signal peptide fusion, based on the native wheat cdna coding sequence. the oxalate oxidase activity of the recombinant enzyme is substantially increased (7-fold) by treatment with sodium periodate, followed by ascorbate reduction. using these methods, approximately 1 g (4x10(4) u) of purified, activated enzyme was obtained following e ... | 2007 | 17399681 |
| [effects of free-air co2 enrichment (face) on yield formation of wheat]. | to investigate the effects of predicted higher co2 levels on the growth duration, plant height, yield, and yield components of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a free-air co2 enrichment (face) experiment with weak gluten variety ningmai 9 was conducted at anzhen of wuxi in jiangsu province in 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 growth seasons. the target [co2] in face plots was 200 microl x l(-1) above that in ambient air. three levels of n were supplied, i.e., 90 kg x hm(-2) (2001-2002) and 125 kg x hm(-2)(20 ... | 2007 | 17396503 |
| evaluation of some drought resistance criteria at seedling stage in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars. | this research was conducted to evaluate some of the drought resistance criteria at seedling stage in wheat. a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (crd) was used with two factors consisted of stress levels (0, -5 and -8 bar) using peg 6000 and genotypes (10 genotypes of bread wheat; azar 2, gahar, koohdasht, bow, zagros, cham, niknejad, e1 neilairi, bohoih and giza 164) in three replications in a hydroponic condition. stress tolerance index (sti), water use efficiency (wue), bi ... | 2007 | 19070061 |
| detection of soft wheat in semolina and durum wheat bread by analysis of dna microsatellites. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the analysis of dna microsatellites for the detection of soft wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in semolina and durum wheat bread (prepared from triticum turgidum l. var. durum). the results enabled selection of an efficient d-genome-specific repetitive dna sequence to detect common wheat in semolina and breads by qualitative pcr with a threshold of 3 and 5%, respectively, lowered to 2.5% by real-time pcr. this is of major importance for checking during production ... | 2007 | 17394336 |
| varying patterns of protein synthesis in bread wheat during heat shock. | high temperatures during seedling growth are considered as one of the factors that can modify surviving properties in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plant. this work attempts to evaluate the heat shock responses of seedling of winter wheat (bezostaya-1) using growth parameters (seedling length, embryonal root length and embryonal root number), membrane stability index (msi) and two dimensional (2d) gel electrophoresis analysis of heat shock proteins (hsps) during heat shock. seedlings grown until ... | 2007 | 17385547 |
| [chromosomal location of genes for vernalization duration (vrd) in winter bread wheat]. | in this study, we carried out monosomic analysis of two isogenic lines of cultivar mironovskaya 808, monogenically dominant for genes vrd1 and vrd2 reducing the cultivar vernalization requirement duration from 50 to respectively 35 and 45 days, as well as analysis of substitution lines cappelle desperez/bezostaya 1. gene vrdl is localized on chromosome 4a; vrd2, on chromosome 5d. the third gene, which is not allelic to the former two, is present in cultivar cappelle desperez on either the ia, 6a ... | 2007 | 17385319 |
| effect of wheat stem sawfly damage on yield and quality of selected canadian spring wheat. | the wheat stem sawfly, cephus cinctus norton (hymenoptera: cephidae), has reached outbreak status at most locations in the southern canadian prairies. solid-stemmed wheat, triticum aestivum l., cultivars, which are less susceptible to damage, remain the primary management option. this article quantifies the effect of wheat stem sawfly damage on grain yield and quality at harvest and determines how cultivar selection affects harvest losses. solid-stemmed cultivars were compared with hollow-stemme ... | 2007 | 17370813 |
| molecular characterization of high molecular weight glutenin subunit allele 1bx23 in common wheat introduced from hexaploid triticale. | high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) 1bx23, an x-type subset encoded by glu-b1p, which is only distributed in triticum turgidum, was successfully transferred from hexaploid triticale to common wheat line sy95-71. sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) shows that subunit 1bx23 has a faster mobility than subunit 1bx7 and 1bx20, but slower than 1bx17. primers designed from the conserved regions in wheat hmw-gs gene promoter and coding sequences were used to ... | 2006 | 17362350 |
| chromosomal location of pm35, a novel aegilops tauschii derived powdery mildew resistance gene introgressed into common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a single gene controlling powdery mildew resistance was identified in the north carolina germplasm line nc96bgtd3 (ncd3) using genetic analysis of f(2) derived lines from a ncd3 x saluda cross. microsatellite markers linked to this pm gene were identified and their most likely order was xcfd7, 10.3 cm, xgdm43, 8.6 cm, xcfd26, 11.9 cm, pm gene. these markers and the pm gene were assigned to chromosome 5dl by means of chinese spring nullitetrasomic (nulli5d-tetra5a) and ditelosomic (dt5dl) lines. ... | 2007 | 17356863 |
| evaluation of screening techniques for heat tolerance in wheat. | cell membrane thermal stability, antioxidant activity, phenolics content, paraquat tolerance and kernel weight were compared for their ability to identify heat tolerant genotypes. four wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, kauz, mtrwa116, opata and w7984 were used in this study, kauz and mtrwa116 being thermotolerant and thermosensitive, respectively. plants were exposed to high temperatures of 39 and 35 degrees c and then their measurements form different techniques were compared to each othe ... | 2007 | 19069883 |
| wheat genotypes show contrasting abilities to recover from anoxia in spite of similar anoxic carbohydrate metabolism. | physiological and metabolic responses to anoxia and reaeration were compared for 4-7-day-old seedlings of 11 genotypes of wheat (triticum aestivum) with reputed differences in waterlogging tolerance. genotypes differed in seminal root elongation, and recovery of root tissue k(+) concentration, during reaeration following 72 h anoxia. post-anoxic recovery ranged from complete (100% retention of seminal root elongation potential) to almost nil (death of all seminal root apices and inability to rec ... | 2007 | 17349715 |
| [the effect of intercultivar substitution of wheat triticum aestivum l. chromosomes on lipoxygenase activity and its correlation with the technological properties of flour]. | the effects of intercultivar substitution of individual chromosome pairs (except for 1b, 6d, and 7a) in the wheat cultivars saratovskaya 29 and janetzkis probat, differing in quality, on specific lipoxygenase activity, the grain yield per spike, and the main technological properties of flour and dough were studied. it was demonstrated that the substitution of individual chromosomes of the recipient cultivar saratovskaya 29 with the homologous chromosomes of the donor cultivar janetzkis probat ca ... | 2007 | 17345867 |
| probing the effects of light and temperature on diurnal rhythms of phytosiderophore release in wheat. | * the existing literature is ambiguous as to whether the diurnal pulse in phytosiderophore (ps) release in the poaceae is mediated by light or temperature, or both. * here, wheat (triticum aestivum cv. yecora rojo) seedlings were grown in fe-sufficient (pfe = 16.5) and fe-deficient (pfe = 17.8) chelator-buffered nutrient solutions. six different light/temperature regimes were tested over 8 d in paired growth chambers. * phytosiderophore release patterns under a square-wave light regime were simi ... | 2007 | 17335501 |
| [features of the formation of self-fertile euploid lines (2n = 42) by self-pollination of the 46-chromosome barley-wheat bc1 hybrid hordeum marinum subsp. gussoneanum hudson (= h. geniculatum all.) (2n = 28) x triticum aestivum l. (2n = 42)]. | we studied some features of the development of self-fertile 42-chromosome lines on the base of self-pollination progeny of 46-chromosome plants obtained by backcrossing of barley--wheat hybrids hordeum marinum subsp. gussoneanum hudson (= h. geniculatum all.) (2n = 28) x triticum aestivum l. (2n = 42). the stabilization of karyotypes, resulting in 42-chromosome plants of the wheat type was generally completed by generation bc1f10. the plants of all self-pollination progenies, including bc1f10, s ... | 2006 | 17326388 |
| metal ion binding properties of triticum aestivum ec-1 metallothionein: evidence supporting two separate metal thiolate clusters. | | 2007 | 27519017 |
| the structure of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-4e from wheat reveals a novel disulfide bond. | eukaryotic translation initiation factor-4e (eif4e) recognizes and binds the m(7) guanosine nucleotide at the 5' end of eukaryotic messenger rnas; this protein-rna interaction is an essential step in the initiation of protein synthesis. the structure of eif4e from wheat (triticum aestivum) was investigated using a combination of x-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) methods. the overall fold of the crystallized protein was similar to eif4e from other species, with eight beta ... | 2007 | 17322339 |
| hkt1;5-like cation transporters linked to na+ exclusion loci in wheat, nax2 and kna1. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum) has a greater ability to exclude na+ from its leaves and is more salt tolerant than durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum [desf.]). a novel durum wheat, line 149, was found to contain a major gene for na+ exclusion, nax2, which removes na+ from the xylem in the roots and leads to a high k+-to-na+ ratio in the leaves. nax2 was mapped to the distal region on chromosome 5al based on linkage to microsatellite markers. the nax2 locus on 5al coincides with the ... | 2007 | 17322337 |
| structural-functional state of thylakoid membranes of wheat genotypes under water stress. | plants were grown in field conditions in the wide area under normal water supply and severe water deficit. two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes contrasting by architectonics and differing in drought-resistance were used: giymatli-2/17, short stature, with broad and drooping leaves, drought-sensitive, and azamatli-95, short stature, with vertically oriented small leaves, drought-tolerant). it was found out that giymatli-2/17 was characterized by relatively low content of chl a-protein of ps ... | 2007 | 17321491 |
| a worldwide bread wheat core collection arrayed in a 384-well plate. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum), one of the world's major crops, is genetically very diverse. in order to select a representative sample of the worldwide wheat diversity, 3,942 accessions originating from 73 countries were analysed with a set of 38 genomic simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. the number of alleles at each locus ranged from 7 to 45 with an average of 23.9 alleles per locus. the 908 alleles detected were used together with passport data to select increasingly large sub-samples th ... | 2007 | 17318494 |
| cadmium uptake and interaction with phytochelatins in wheat protoplasts. | in order to investigate the role of phytochelatins in short-time uptake of cd(2+) into the cytosol of wheat protoplasts, a new method was applied, using fluorescence microscopy and the heavy metal-specific fluorescent dye, 5-nitrobenzothiazole coumarin, btc-5n. the uptake of cd(2+) into protoplasts from 5- to 7-day-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum, l. cv. kadett) was lower in protoplasts from seedlings raised in the presence of 1 microm cdcl(2), than in the absence. presence of cdcl(2) in ... | 2007 | 17303432 |
| the gametocidal chromosome as a tool for chromosome manipulation in wheat. | many alien chromosomes have been introduced into common wheat (the genus triticum) from related wild species (the genus aegilops). some alien chromosomes have unique genes that secure their existence in the host by causing chromosome breakage in the gametes lacking them. such chromosomes or genes, called gametocidal (gc) chromosomes or gc genes, are derived from different genomes (c, s, s(l) and m(g)) and belong to three different homoeologous groups 2, 3 and 4. the gc genes of the c and m(g) ge ... | 2007 | 17295127 |
| molecular mapping of genes for coleoptile growth in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | successful plant establishment is critical to the development of high-yielding crops. short coleoptiles can reduce seedling emergence particularly when seed is sown deep as occurs when moisture necessary for germination is deep in the subsoil. detailed molecular maps for a range of wheat doubled-haploid populations (cranbrook/halberd, sunco/tasman, cd87/katepwa and kukri/janz) were used to identify genomic regions affecting coleoptile characteristics length, cross-sectional area and degree of sp ... | 2007 | 17294164 |
| functional markers in wheat. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important staple crops world-wide. gene-derived 'functional' markers (fms, also called perfect or diagnostic markers elsewhere) would be the ideal tools for marker-assisted breeding of wheat but, at present, their utility is restricted by the limited availability of genes that control agronomic characters. this bottleneck will be overcome in the next decade by ongoing genomics projects. another obstacle for assigning sequence to trait variation is ... | 2007 | 17292659 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci and environmental interactions for accumulation and remobilization of water-soluble carbohydrates in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) stems. | genetic analyses of nine traits associated with stem water-soluble carbohydrate (swsc) accumulation and remobilization at grain-filling period under drought stress (ds) and well-watered (ww) conditions were undertaken using doubled haploid lines (dhls) derived from two chinese common wheat cultivars. some significantly and very significantly positive correlation was observed among nine traits associated with swsc. higher phenotypic values for most traits were detected under ds. broad sense herit ... | 2007 | 17287530 |
| screening of underivatized oligosaccharides extracted from the stems of triticum aestivum using porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | highly polar oligosaccharide analytes are notoriously difficult to separate by hplc without prior derivatization or the use of highly alkaline eluent systems. using a porous graphitic carbon (pgc) hplc column, we have studied a pool of endogenous underivatized water-soluble oligosaccharides that were extracted from the stems of a range of wheat cultivars. the aqueous/organic eluents that are used with this stationary phase are ideal electrospray solvents and hence facilitate the on-line coupling ... | 2007 | 17284013 |
| salt tolerance in a hordeum marinum-triticum aestivum amphiploid, and its parents. | growth, grain production, and physiological traits were evaluated for hordeum marinum, triticum aestivum (cv. chinese spring), and a h. marinum-t. aestivum amphiploid, when exposed to nacl treatments in a nutrient solution. h. marinum was more salt tolerant than t. aestivum and the amphiploid was intermediate, both for vegetative growth and relative grain production. h. marinum was best able to 'exclude' na(+) and cl(-), particularly at high external nacl. at 300 mm nacl, concentrations of na(+) ... | 2007 | 17283374 |
| identification and quantification of seed carotenoids in selected wheat species. | selected primitive and modern wheat species were evaluated on the basis of their carotenoid composition and effects of the genotype and environment on lutein using spectrometry and liquid chromatography. carotenoids in the wheat extracts were identified and confirmed on the basis of their uv/vis and mass spectra compared with those of authentic standards. the protonated molecule (m + 1)+ at m/z 569 was the predominant ion for zeaxanthin compared to the fragment ion at m/z 551 for lutein. a simil ... | 2007 | 17263475 |
| increased freezing tolerance in an aba-hypersensitive mutant of common wheat. | to study role of abscisic acid (aba) in cold acclimation and cold/freezing tolerance in wheat, we analyzed an aba-hypersensitive mutant of triticum aestivum, named aba27. aba-hypersensitivity in aba27 was confirmed by bioassays involving germination and seedling growth and expression analysis of aba-responsive genes in comparison with the parental cultivar 'chihoku-komugi' (chihoku). aba27 showed significantly increased freezing tolerance in seedlings without cold acclimation. aba-treated seedli ... | 2008 | 17240477 |
| vacuolar cysteine proteases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are common to leaf senescence induced by different factors. | cellular proteins are extensively degraded during leaf senescence, and this correlates with an up-regulation of protease gene expression, particularly cysteine proteases. the objectives of this work were (i) to detect cysteine proteases associated with senescence of wheat leaves under different conditions and (ii) to find out their subcellular location. activity labelling of cysteine proteases with the biotinylated inhibitor dcg-04 detected five bands at 27, 36, 39, 42, and 46 kda in leaves of w ... | 2007 | 17218544 |
| a decapeptide from durum wheat prevents celiac peripheral blood lymphocytes from activation by gliadin peptides. | identifying antagonist peptides able to inhibit the abnormal immune response triggered by gliadin peptides in celiac disease (cd) is an alternative therapeutic strategy for cd. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonist effect of 10mer, a decapeptide (sequence qqpqdavqpf) from alcohol-soluble protein fraction of durum wheat, assessing its ability to prevent celiac peripheral blood lymphocytes from activation by gliadin peptides. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were obtained f ... | 2007 | 17211143 |
| transcriptome analysis of senescence in the flag leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the senescence process in wheat flag leaves was investigated over a time course from ear emergence until 50% yellowing of harvested leaf samples using an in-house fabricated cdna microarray based on a 9k wheat unigene set. the top 1000 ranked differentially expressed probes were subjected to a cluster analysis and, from these, we selected 140 up-regulated genes with informative annotations. there was a considerable overlap between this list of genes and genes previously observed to be associated ... | 2007 | 17207268 |
| sage of the developing wheat caryopsis. | understanding the development of the cereal caryopsis holds the future for metabolic engineering in the interests of enhancing global food production. we have developed a serial analysis of gene expression (sage) data platform to investigate the developing wheat (triticum aestivum) caryopsis. longsage libraries have been constructed at five time-points post-anthesis to coincide with key processes in caryopsis development. more than 90,000 longsage tags have been sequenced generating 29,261 uniqu ... | 2007 | 17207258 |
| localization of water-soluble carbohydrates in wheat stems using imaging matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. | the pool of endogenous water-soluble oligosaccharides found in the stems of wheat (triticum aestivum) is being investigated as a potential indicator of grain yield. techniques such as liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (lc-ms) can profile these analytes but provide no spatial information regarding their distribution in the wheat stem. the imaging matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (maldi) mass spectrometry technique has not been utilized for the analysis of oligosaccharides in ... | 2007 | 17204089 |
| alpha-amylase activity of rhyzopertha dominica (coleoptera: bostrichidae) reared on several wheat varieties and its inhibition with kernel extracts. | total progeny of rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (coleoptera: bostrichidae) reared on 10 wheat, triticum aestivum l., varieties was evaluated. higher amylase activities were detected in populations with few individuals, whereas the opposite was observed in higher populations. as protein ingested increased, reproductive success increased. however, consumption of wheat protein was inversely correlated with amylase activity levels (r = -0.66). amylase activity in homogenates of r. dominica populations sh ... | 2006 | 17195686 |