| a microautoradiographic method for fresh-frozen sections to reveal the distribution of radionuclides at the cellular level in plants. | microautoradiography (mar) is a conventional imaging method based on the daguerreotype. the technique is used to visualize the distribution of radionuclide-labeled compounds within a tissue section. however, application of the classical mar method to plant tissue sections is associated with several difficulties. in this study, we report an mar method applicable to fresh-frozen plant sections. our method had two features: (i) the sample was kept frozen from plant tissue collection to radioisotope ... | 2014 | 24747953 |
| rna sequencing-mediated transcriptome analysis of rice plants in endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions. | the endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress response is widely known to function in eukaryotes to maintain the homeostasis of the er when unfolded or misfolded proteins are overloaded in the er. to understand the molecular mechanisms of the er stress response in rice (oryza sativa l.), we previously analyzed the expression profile of stably transformed rice in which an er stress sensor/transducer osire1 was knocked-down, using the combination of preliminary microarray and quantitative rt-pcr. in this ... | 2014 | 24742282 |
| apoptosis induction in colon cancer cell lines and alteration of aberrant crypt foci in rat colon by purple rice (oryza sativa l. var. glutinosa) extracts. | crude ethanol extracts (cee) of purple rice was fractionated to obtain hexane soluble (hsf) and ethyl acetate soluble fractions (easf). total antioxidant capacity was higher in cee than the hsf and easf. however, hsf exhibited strong antiproliferation and apoptosis induction against colon cancer cell lines, both p53 wild-type (rko) and mutant (sw620) strains. then, the cee was used to determine the effects on the progression of aberrant crypt foci (acf), a preneoplastic lesion seen in colon carc ... | 2014 | 24742104 |
| quality characteristics of gluten free cookies prepared from different flour combinations. | the present investigation was undertaken on the utilization of alternate flours/meals (rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum vulgare) and pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum) for the preparation of gluten free cookies as compared to conventional wheat (triticum aestivum) flour cookies. the physicochemical parameters, sensory qualities and functional properties of flours/cookies were studied and compared with control cookies. the blend of maize and pearl millet had best pasting qua ... | 2014 | 24741176 |
| tissue-specific and light-dependent regulation of phytochrome gene expression in rice. | phytochromes are red- and far red light photoreceptors in higher plants. rice (oryza sativa l.) has three phytochromes (phya, phyb and phyc), which play distinct as well as cooperative roles in light perception. to gain a better understanding of individual phytochrome functions in rice, expression patterns of three phytochrome genes were characterized using promoter-gus fusion constructs. the phytochrome genes phya and phyb showed distinct patterns of tissue- and developmental stage-specific exp ... | 2014 | 24738738 |
| comprehensive profiling and natural variation of flavonoids in rice. | flavonoids constitute a major group of plant phenolic compounds. while extensively studied in arabidopsis, profiling and naturally occurring variation of these compounds in rice (oryza sativa), the monocot model plant, are less reported. using a collection of rice germplasm, comprehensive profiling and natural variation of flavonoids were presented in this report. application of a widely targeted metabolomics method facilitated the simultaneous identification and quantification of more than 90 f ... | 2014 | 24730595 |
| are rice (oryza sativa l.) phosphate transporters regulated similarly by phosphate and arsenate? a comprehensive study. | rice is one of the most important staple foods worldwide, but it often contains inorganic arsenic, which is toxic and gives rise to severe health problems. rice plants take up arsenate as(v) via the phosphate transport pathways, though it is not known how as(v), as compared to phosphate, modifies the expression of phosphate transporters (pts). therefore, the impact of as(v) or phosphate (pi) on the gene expression of pts and several pi signaling regulators was investigated. rice plants were grow ... | 2014 | 24729002 |
| efficient genome-wide detection and cataloging of ems-induced mutations using exome capture and next-generation sequencing. | chemical mutagenesis efficiently generates phenotypic variation in otherwise homogeneous genetic backgrounds, enabling functional analysis of genes. advances in mutation detection have brought the utility of induced mutant populations on par with those produced by insertional mutagenesis, but systematic cataloguing of mutations would further increase their utility. we examined the suitability of multiplexed global exome capture and sequencing coupled with custom-developed bioinformatics tools to ... | 2014 | 24728647 |
| effect of silver nanoparticles on rice (oryza sativa l. cv. kdml 105) seed germination and seedling growth. | with the advances in nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles (agnps) have been applied in many industries, increasing their potential exposure level in the environment, yet their environmental safety remains poorly evaluated. the possible effects of different sized agnps (20, 30-60, 70-120 and 150nm diameter) on jasmine rice, oryza sativa l. cv. kdml 105, were investigated at different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000mg/l) upon seed germination and seedling growth. the results revealed that ... | 2014 | 24726943 |
| retention of osnmd3 in the cytoplasm disturbs protein synthesis efficiency and affects plant development in rice. | the ribosome is the basic machinery for translation, and biogenesis of ribosomes involves many coordinated events. however, knowledge about ribosomal dynamics in higher plants is very limited. this study chose a highly conserved trans-factor, the 60s ribosomal subunit nuclear export adaptor nmd3, to characterize the mechanism of ribosome biogenesis in the monocot plant oryza sativa (rice). o. sativa nmd3 (osnmd3) shares all the common motifs and shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm via crm ... | 2014 | 24723395 |
| assessment of the quality of bran and bran oil produced from some egyptian rice varieties. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the leading food crops of the world, the staple food of over half the world's population. the bran, which is an important byproduct obtained during rice milling, constitutes about 1/10 of the weight of the rice grain. rice bran is the outer brown layer including the rice germ that is removed during the milling process of brown grain. this milling byproduct is reported to be high in natural vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin e. | 2014 | 24717398 |
| improved yield and zn accumulation for rice grain by zn fertilization and optimized water management. | zinc (zn) deficiency and water scarcity are major challenges in rice (oryza sativa l.) under an intensive rice production system. this study aims to investigate the impact of water-saving management and different zn fertilization source (znso4 and zn-edta) regimes on grain yield and zn accumulation in rice grain. different water managements, continuous flooding (cf), and alternate wetting and drying (awd) were applied during the rice growing season. compared with cf, the awd regime significantly ... | 2014 | 24711357 |
| activity levels and expression of antioxidant enzymes in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in artificially aged rice seed. | reactive oxygen species are the main contributors to seed deterioration. in order to study scavenging systems for reactive oxygen species in aged seed, we performed analyses using western blotting, real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, high-performance liquid chromatography, and antioxidant enzyme activity analyses in artificially aged rice seeds (oryza sativa l. cv. wanhua no.11). aging seeds by storing them at 50 °c for 1, 9, or 17 months increased the superox ... | 2014 | 24705135 |
| identification of differentially expressed proteins and phosphorylated proteins in rice seedlings in response to strigolactone treatment. | strigolactones (sls) are recently identified plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching and control various aspects of plant growth, development and interaction with parasites. previous studies have shown that plant d10 protein is a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase that functions in sl biosynthesis. in this work, we used an allelic sl-deficient d10 mutant xjc of rice (oryza sativa l. spp. indica) to investigate proteins that were responsive to sl treatment. when grown in darkness, d10 mutant see ... | 2014 | 24699514 |
| high-resolution inflorescence phenotyping using a novel image-analysis pipeline, panorama. | variation in inflorescence development is an important target of selection for numerous crop species, including many members of the poaceae (grasses). in asian rice (oryza sativa), inflorescence (panicle) architecture is correlated with yield and grain-quality traits. however, many rice breeders continue to use composite phenotypes in selection pipelines, because measuring complex, branched panicles requires a significant investment of resources. we developed an open-source phenotyping platform, ... | 2014 | 24696519 |
| genome-wide transcriptome modulation in rice transgenic lines expressing engineered mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 6. | mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (mapkk) is the central module of mapk cascade and also point of signal integration and divergence. to investigate the regulatory role of osmkk6, the regulon of genes controlled by osmkk6 was constructed by microarray analysis between constitutively activated overexpressing transgenic lines and the wild type rice. regulated genes were identified in overexpressed constitutively activated osmkk6 and they were further subdivided on the basis of functional cate ... | 2014 | 24691103 |
| rapid and high-throughput determination of endogenous cytokinins in oryza sativa by bare fe3o4 nanoparticles-based magnetic solid-phase extraction. | a rapid method was developed for determination of endogenous cytokinins (cks) based on magnetic solid-phase extraction (mspe) followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (uplc-ms/ms). we illustrated the hydrophilic character of bare fe3o4 nanoparticles that were directly used as a mspe sorbent for rapid enrichment of endogenous cks from complex plant extract. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bare fe3o4 directly used as efficient extractio ... | 2014 | 24685168 |
| application of t-dna activation tagging to identify glutamate receptor-like genes that enhance drought tolerance in plants. | a high-quality rice activation tagging population has been developed and screened for drought-tolerant lines using various water stress assays. one drought-tolerant line activated two rice glutamate receptor-like genes. transgenic overexpression of the rice glutamate receptor-like genes conferred drought tolerance to rice and arabidopsis. rice (oryza sativa) is a multi-billion dollar crop grown in more than one hundred countries, as well as a useful functional genetic tool for trait discovery. w ... | 2014 | 24682459 |
| comparison of space flight and heavy ion radiation induced genomic/epigenomic mutations in rice (oryza sativa). | rice seeds, after space flight and low dose heavy ion radiation treatment were cultured on ground. leaves of the mature plants were obtained for examination of genomic/epigenomic mutations by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (msap) method, respectively. the mutation sites were identified by fragment recovery and sequencing. the heritability of the mutations was detected in the next generation. results showed that both space ... | 2014 | 26432592 |
| characterization of the caleosin gene family in the triticeae. | the caleosin genes encode proteins with a single conserved ef hand calcium-binding domain and comprise small gene families found in a wide range of plant species. some members of the gene family have been shown to be upregulated by environmental stresses including low water availability and high salinity. caleosin 3 from wheat has been shown to interact with the α-subunit of the heterotrimeric g proteins, and to act as a gtpase activating protein (gap). this study characterizes the size and dive ... | 2014 | 24673767 |
| genomic changes at the early stage of somatic hybridization. | a broad spectrum of genetic and epigenetic changes is induced by wide hybridization and subsequent polyploidization, but the timing of these events remains obscure because early hybrid cells are very difficult to harvest and analyze. here, we used both cytological and genetic marker approaches to analyze the constitution of very young somatic hybrid cells between japonica rice (oryza sativa l. subsp japonica) and indica rice (oryza sativa l. subsp indica) and between japonica rice and bread whea ... | 2014 | 24668681 |
| genetic diversity and association mapping of seed vigor in rice (oryza sativa l.). | seed vigor is closely related to direct seeding in rice (oryza sativa l.). previous quantitative trait locus (qtl) studies for seed vigor were mainly derived from bi-parental segregating populations and no report from natural populations. in this study, association mapping for seed vigor was performed on a selected sample of 540 rice cultivars (419 from china and 121 from vietnam). population structure was estimated on the basis of 262 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. seed vigor was evaluat ... | 2014 | 24668487 |
| microrna319 positively regulates cold tolerance by targeting ospcf6 and ostcp21 in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the microrna319 (mir319) family is conserved among diverse plant species. in rice (oryza sativa l.), the mir319 gene family is comprised of two members, osa-mir319a and osa-mir319b. we found that overexpressing osa-mir319b in rice resulted in wider leaf blades and delayed development. here, we focused on the biological function and potential molecular mechanism of the osa-mir319b gene in response to cold stress in rice. the expression of osa-mir319b was down-regulated by cold stress, and the ove ... | 2014 | 24667308 |
| effect of salt stress on morpho-physiology, vegetative growth and yield of rice. | selection of salt tolerant rice varieties has a huge impact on global food supply chain. five malaysian rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties, mr33, mr52, mr211, mr219 and mr232 were tested in pot experiment under different salinity levels for their response in term of vegetative growth, physiological activities, development of yield components and grain yield. rice varieties, brri dhan29 and ir20 were used as a salt-sensitive control and pokkali was used as a salt-tolerant control. three different s ... | 2014 | 24665756 |
| ubiquitin ligase el5 maintains the viability of root meristems by influencing cytokinin-mediated nitrogen effects in rice. | root formation is dependent on meristematic activity and is influenced by nitrogen supply. we have previously shown that ubiquitin ligase, el5, in rice (oryza sativa) is involved in the maintenance of root meristematic viability. when mutant el5 protein is overexpressed to dominantly inhibit the endogenous el5 function in rice, primordial and meristematic necrosis ia observed. here, we analysed the cause of root cell death in transgenic rice plants (mel5) overexpressing el5v162a, which encodes a ... | 2014 | 24663342 |
| the effects of the photoperiod-insensitive alleles, se13, hd1 and ghd7, on yield components in rice. | flowering time is closely associated with grain yield in rice (oryza sativa l.). in temperate regions, seasonal changes in day length (known as the photoperiod) are an important environmental cue for floral initiation. the timing of flowering is important not only for successful reproduction, but also for determining the ideal balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth duration. recent molecular genetics studies have revealed key flowering time genes responsible for photoperiod se ... | 2014 | 24659905 |
| evidence for selection on gene expression in cultivated rice (oryza sativa). | artificial selection has been used throughout plant domestication and breeding to develop crops that are adapted to diverse environments. here, we investigate whether gene regulatory changes have been widespread targets of lineage-specific selection in cultivated lines minghui 63 and zhenshan 97 of rice, oryza sativa. a line experiencing positive selection for either an increase or a decrease in genes' transcript abundances is expected to have an overabundance of expression quantitative trait lo ... | 2014 | 24659814 |
| effect of aluminum on protein oxidation, non-protein thiols and protease activity in seedlings of rice cultivars differing in aluminum tolerance. | the effect of toxic concentrations of aluminum (al) was investigated on contents of protein-thiols, non-protein and total thiols, protein carbonylation and protease activity in the seedlings of al-sensitive (al-s) indica rice cv. hur-105 and al-tolerant (al-t) cv. vandana grown in sand cultures. al treatment of 178 μm and 421 μm for 3-12 days caused a significant decline in the level of protein thiols, rise in non-protein thiols (npts) as well as protein carbonyl content and an insignificant alt ... | 2014 | 24655385 |
| the rice fish bone gene encodes a tryptophan aminotransferase, which affects pleiotropic auxin-related processes. | auxin is a fundamental plant hormone and its localization within organs plays pivotal roles in plant growth and development. analysis of many arabidopsis mutants that were defective in auxin biosynthesis revealed that the indole-3-pyruvic acid (ipa) pathway, catalyzed by the tryptophan aminotransferase of arabidopsis (taa) and yucca (yuc) families, is the major biosynthetic pathway of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa). in contrast, little information is known about the molecular mechanisms of auxin bio ... | 2014 | 24654985 |
| proteomic analysis of upland rice (oryza sativa l.) exposed to intermittent water deficit. | rice is the most important crop consumed all over the world. in brazil, irrigated rice covers 50 % of the rice producing area and is responsible for 75 % of the national production. upland rice covers most of the remaining area, and is therefore, a very important production system in the country. in the present study, we have used the drought tolerant upland rice variety três meses antigo to investigate the proteomic changes that occur during drought stress. plants were submitted to drought by t ... | 2014 | 24652039 |
| jasmonic acid regulates spikelet development in rice. | the spikelet is the basal unit of inflorescence in grasses, and its formation is crucial for reproductive success and cereal yield. here, we report a previously unknown role of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (ja) in determining rice (oryza sativa) spikelet morphogenesis. the extra glume 1 (eg1) and eg2 mutants exhibit altered spikelet morphology with changed floral organ identity and number, as well as defective floral meristem determinacy. we show that eg1 is a plastid-targeted lipase that par ... | 2014 | 24647160 |
| comment on 'a novel 5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate (epsp) synthase transgene for glyphosate resistance stimulates growth and fecundity in weedy rice (oryza sativa) without herbicide' by wang et al. (2014). | | 2014 | 24645784 |
| scientific data published by a peer-reviewed journal should be properly interpreted: a reply to the letter by gressel et al. (2014). | | 2014 | 24645783 |
| overexpression of epsps transgene in weedy rice: insufficient evidence to support speculations about biosafety. | | 2014 | 24645782 |
| replacement of the endogenous starch debranching enzymes isa1 and isa2 of arabidopsis with the rice orthologs reveals a degree of functional conservation during starch synthesis. | this study tested the interchangeability of enzymes in starch metabolism between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species. amylopectin--a branched glucose polymer--is the major component of starch and is responsible for its semi-crystalline property. plants synthesize starch with distinct amylopectin structures, varying between species and tissues. the structure determines starch properties, an important characteristic for cooking and nutrition, and for the industrial uses of starch. am ... | 2014 | 24642810 |
| seed germination ecology of echinochloa glabrescens and its implication for management in rice (oryza sativa l.). | echinochloa glabrescens is a c4 grass weed that is very competitive with rice when left uncontrolled. the competitive ability of weeds is intensified in direct-seeded rice production systems. a better understanding is needed of factors affecting weed seed germination, which can be used as a component of integrated weed management in direct-seeded rice. this study was conducted to determine the effects of temperature, light, salt and osmotic stress, burial depth, crop residue, time and depth of f ... | 2014 | 24642568 |
| a homolog of ethylene overproducer, osetol1, differentially modulates drought and submergence tolerance in rice. | submergence and drought are major limiting factors for crop production. however, very limited studies have been reported on the distinct or overlapping mechanisms of plants in response to the two water extremes. here we report an ethylene overproducer 1-like gene (osetol1) that modulates differentially drought and submergence tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.). two allelic mutants of osetol1 showed increased resistance to drought stress at the panicle development stage. interestingly, the mutan ... | 2014 | 24641694 |
| analysis of proline metabolic enzymes in oryza sativa under nacl stress. | the regulation of proline accumulation in seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. badami) was investigated. the increasing concentration of nacl from 0.5 to 2.5% progressively increased the proline content in rice. proline accumulation caused by nacl was related to protein proteolysis, an increase in oat, p5cs, pscr activity, a decrease in pdh activity. the maximum increase in proline content was recorded at 2.5% nacl concentration as compared to control and other concentrations of nacl. the high ... | 2013 | 24640242 |
| rice ltg1 is involved in adaptive growth and fitness under low ambient temperature. | low temperature (lt) is one of the most prevalent factors limiting the productivity and geographical distribution of rice (oryza sativa l.). although significant progress has been made in elucidating the effect of lt on seed germination and reproductive development in rice, the genetic component affecting vegetative growth under lt remains poorly understood. here, we report that rice cultivars harboring the dominant ltg1 (low temperature growth 1) allele are more tolerant to lt (15-25°c, a tempe ... | 2014 | 24635058 |
| evidence supporting distinct functions of three cytosolic glutamine synthetases and two nadh-glutamate synthases in rice. | the functions of the three isoenzymes of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1;1, gs1;2, and gs1;3) and two nadh-glutamate synthases (nadh-gogat1 and nadh-gogat2) in rice (oryza sativa l.) were characterized using a reverse genetics approach and spatial expression of the corresponding genes. osgs1;2 and osnadh-gogat1 were mainly expressed in surface cells of rice roots in an nh4 (+)-dependent manner. disruption of either gene by the insertion of endogenous retrotransposon tos17 caused reduction in ... | 2014 | 24634487 |
| polyamine oxidase 7 is a terminal catabolism-type enzyme in oryza sativa and is specifically expressed in anthers. | polyamine oxidase (pao), which requires fad as a cofactor, functions in polyamine catabolism. plant paos are classified into two groups based on their reaction modes. the terminal catabolism (tc) reaction always produces 1,3-diaminopropane (dap), h2o2, and the respective aldehydes, while the back-conversion (bc) reaction produces spermidine (spd) from tetraamines, spermine (spm) and thermospermine (t-spm) and/or putrescine from spd, along with 3-aminopropanal and h2o2. the oryza sativa genome co ... | 2014 | 24634478 |
| development of novel microsatellite markers for the bbcc oryza genome (poaceae) using high-throughput sequencing technology. | wild species of oryza are extremely valuable sources of genetic material that can be used to broaden the genetic background of cultivated rice, and to increase its resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. until recently, there was no sequence information for the bbcc oryza genome; therefore, no special markers had been developed for this genome type. the lack of suitable markers made it difficult to search for valuable genes in the bbcc genome. the aim of this study was to develop microsatelli ... | 2014 | 24632997 |
| dwarf tiller1, a wuschel-related homeobox transcription factor, is required for tiller growth in rice. | unlike many wild grasses, domesticated rice cultivars have uniform culm height and panicle size among tillers and the main shoot, which is an important trait for grain yield. however, the genetic basis of this trait remains unknown. here, we report that dwarf tiller1 (dwt1) controls the developmental uniformity of the main shoot and tillers in rice (oryza sativa). most dwt1 mutant plants develop main shoots with normal height and larger panicles, but dwarf tillers bearing smaller panicles compar ... | 2014 | 24625559 |
| herbivory-induced plant volatiles from oryza sativa and their influence on chemotaxis behaviour of tibraca limbativentris stal. (hemiptera: pentatomidae) and egg parasitoids. | the rice stem bug, tibraca limbativentris stal. (hemiptera: pentatomidae) is one of the most important pests of rice crops, especially irrigated crops. plant defence strategies against these bugs may involve the emission of chemical compounds, which are released following herbivore attacks, directly or indirectly harming pest performance. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of constitutive and herbivory-induced volatiles from rice plants (oryza sativa l.) on the behavioural respo ... | 2014 | 24622042 |
| identification and utilization of cleistogamy gene cl7(t) in rice (oryza sativa l.). | gene transformation is an important method for improvement of plants into elite varieties. however, the possibility of gene flow between genetically modified (gm) crops and similar species is a serious public issue that may potentially endanger ecological stability. cleistogamy is expected to be an ideal genetic tool for preventing transgene propagation from gm crops. a rice mutant, cl7(t), was created by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. the mutant exhibited cleistogamy, and had closed spikel ... | 2014 | 24619999 |
| computational analyses of protein coded by rice (oryza sativa japonica) cdna (gi: 32984786) indicate lectin like ca(2+) binding properties for eicosapenta peptide repeats (eprs). | eicosapenta peptide repeats (eprs) occur exclusively in flowering plant genomes and exhibit very high amino acid residue conservation across occurrence. dna and amino acid sequence searches yielded no indications about the function due to absence of similarity to known sequences. tertiary structure of an epr protein coded by rice (oryza sativa japonica) cdna (gi: 32984786) was determined based on ab initio methodology in order to draw clues on functional significance of eprs. the resultant struc ... | 2014 | 24616556 |
| toward deciphering the genome-wide transcriptional responses of rice to phosphate starvation and recovery. | phosphate (pi) limitation is one of the major factors negatively impacting crop yield worldwide. next generation sequencing (ngs) was used to profile the transcriptomes of rice (oryza sativa) roots and shoots after phosphate starvation and recovery, shedding further light on the complex and dynamic mechanisms involved in pi homeostasis. the use of ngs also enabled the identification of previously not annotated loci and novel isoforms of genes that are specifically induced by pi starvation. furth ... | 2014 | 24614023 |
| effects of elevated ozone, carbon dioxide, and the combination of both on the grain quality of chinese hybrid rice. | the effects of co2 and/or o3 elevation on rice grain quality were investigated in chamber experiments with gas fumigation performed from transplanting until maturity in 2011 and 2012. compared with the control (current co2 and o3 concentration), elevated co2 caused a tendency of an increase in grain chalkiness and a decrease in mineral nutrient concentrations. in contrast, elevated o3 significantly increased grain chalkiness and the concentrations of essential nutrients, while changes in starch ... | 2014 | 24607649 |
| conserved mir164-targeted nac genes negatively regulate drought resistance in rice. | micrornas constitute a large group of endogenous small rnas of ~22 nt that emerge as vital regulators, mainly by targeting mrnas for post-transcriptional repression. previous studies have revealed that the mir164 family in arabidopsis is comprised of three members which guide the cleavage of the mrnas of five nac genes to modulate developmental processes. however, the functions of the mir164-targeted nac genes in crops are poorly deciphered. in this study, the conserved features of six mir164-ta ... | 2014 | 24604734 |
| the trafficking pathway of a wheat storage protein in transgenic rice endosperm. | the trafficking of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) of plant cells is a topic of considerable interest since this organelle serves as an entry point for proteins destined for other organelles, as well as for the er itself. in the current work, transgenic rice was used to study the pattern and pathway of deposition of the wheat high molecular weight (hmw) glutenin sub-unit (gs) 1dx5 within the rice endosperm using specific antibodies to determine whether it is deposited in the same or d ... | 2014 | 24603605 |
| a computational model for non-conserved mature mirnas from the rice genome. | several computational approaches employ the high complementarity of plant mirnas to target mrnas as a filter to recognize mirna. numerous non-conserved mirnas are known with more recent evolutionary origin as a result of target gene duplication events. we present here a computational model with knowledge inputs from reported non-conserved mature mirnas of oryza sativa (rice). sequence- and structure-based approaches were used to retrieve mirna features based on rice argonaute protein and develop ... | 2014 | 24601753 |
| quantitative trait locus mapping and candidate gene analysis for plant architecture traits using whole genome re-sequencing in rice. | plant breeders have focused on improving plant architecture as an effective means to increase crop yield. here, we identify the main-effect quantitative trait loci (qtls) for plant shape-related traits in rice (oryza sativa) and find candidate genes by applying whole genome re-sequencing of two parental cultivars using next-generation sequencing. to identify qtls influencing plant shape, we analyzed six traits: plant height, tiller number, panicle diameter, panicle length, flag leaf length, and ... | 2014 | 24599000 |
| osmogs is required for n-glycan formation and auxin-mediated root development in rice (oryza sativa l.). | n-glycosylation is a major modification of glycoproteins in eukaryotic cells. in arabidopsis, great progress has been made in functional analysis of n-glycan production, however there are few studies in monocotyledons. here, we characterized a rice (oryza sativa l.) osmogs mutant with shortened roots and isolated a gene that coded a putative mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase (osmogs), an ortholog of α-glucosidase i in arabidopsis, which trims the terminal glucosyl residue of the oligosacchari ... | 2014 | 24597623 |
| strigolactones are involved in phosphate- and nitrate-deficiency-induced root development and auxin transport in rice. | strigolactones (sls) or their derivatives have recently been defined as novel phytohormones that regulate root development. however, it remains unclear whether sls mediate root growth in response to phosphorus (p) and nitrogen (n) deficiency. in this study, the responses of root development in rice (oryza sativa l.) to different levels of phosphate and nitrate supply were investigated using wild type (wt) and mutants defective in sl synthesis (d10 and d27) or insensitive to sl (d3). reduced conc ... | 2014 | 24596173 |
| introgression of two chromosome regions for leaf photosynthesis from an indica rice into the genetic background of a japonica rice. | increases in rates of individual leaf photosynthesis (p n) are critical for future increases of rice yields. a previous study, using introgression lines derived from a cross between indica cultivar habataki, with one of the highest recorded values of p n, and the japanese elite cultivar koshihikari, identified four qtls (qcar4, qcar5, qcar8, and qcar11) that affect p n. the present study examined the combined effect of qcar4 and qcar8 on p n in the genetic background of koshihikari. the pyramide ... | 2014 | 24591053 |
| silicon nutrition alleviates the negative impacts of arsenic on the photosynthetic apparatus of rice leaves: an analysis of the key limitations of photosynthesis. | silicon (si) plays important roles in alleviating various abiotic stresses. in rice (oryza sativa), arsenic (as) is believed to share the si transport pathway for entry into roots, and si has been demonstrated to decrease as concentrations. however, the physiological mechanisms through which si might alleviate as toxicity in plants remain poorly elucidated. we combined detailed gas exchange measurements with chlorophyll fluorescence analysis to examine the effects of si nutrition on photosynthet ... | 2014 | 24588812 |
| a proteomic study on molecular mechanism of poor grain-filling of rice (oryza sativa l.) inferior spikelets. | cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.), especially of the type with large spikelets, often fail to reach the yield potential as expected due to the poor grain-filling on the later flowering inferior spikelets (in contrast to the earlier-flowering superior spikelets). the present study showed that the size and grain weight of superior spikelets (ss) was greater than those of inferior spikelets (is), and the carbohydrate supply should not be the major problem for the poor grain-filling because there ... | 2014 | 24586550 |
| population structure and genetic diversity analysis of indian and exotic rice (oryza sativa l.) accessions using ssr markers. | in order to understand the population structure and genetic diversity among a set of 82 rice genotypes collected from different parts of the asian countries including india were characterized using 39 microsatellite loci. the population structure analysis suggested that the optimum number of subpopulations was four (k = 4) among the rice genotypes, whereas phylogenetic analysis grouped them into three populations. the results obtained from phylogenetic and structure analysis proved to be very po ... | 2014 | 24584576 |
| biochemical and anatomical changes and yield reduction in rice (oryza sativa l.) under varied salinity regimes. | five malaysian rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties, mr33, mr52, mr211, mr219, and mr232, were tested in pot culture under different salinity regimes for biochemical response, physiological activity, and grain yield. three different levels of salt stresses, namely, 4, 8, and 12 ds m(-1), were used in a randomized complete block design with four replications under glass house conditions. the results revealed that the chlorophyll content, proline, sugar content, soluble protein, free amino acid, and y ... | 2014 | 24579076 |
| construction of pseudomolecule sequences of the aus rice cultivar kasalath for comparative genomics of asian cultivated rice. | having a deep genetic structure evolved during its domestication and adaptation, the asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa) displays considerable physiological and morphological variations. here, we describe deep whole-genome sequencing of the aus rice cultivar kasalath by using the advanced next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies to gain a better understanding of the sequence and structural changes among highly differentiated cultivars. the de novo assembled kasalath sequences represented 9 ... | 2014 | 24578372 |
| genome-wide disruption of gene expression in allopolyploids but not hybrids of rice subspecies. | hybridization and polyploidization are prominent processes in plant evolution. hybrids and allopolyploids typically exhibit radically altered gene expression patterns relative to their parents, a phenomenon termed "transcriptomic shock." to distinguish the effects of hybridization from polyploidization on coregulation of divergent alleles, we analyzed expression of parental copies (homoeologs) of 11,608 genes using rna-seq-based transcriptome profiling in reciprocal hybrids and tetraploids const ... | 2014 | 24577842 |
| identification and fine mapping of quantitative trait loci for seed vigor in germination and seedling establishment in rice. | seed vigor is an index of seed quality that is used to describe the rapid and uniform germination and the establishment of strong seedlings in any environmental conditions. strong seed vigor in low-temperature germination conditions is particularly important in direct-sowing rice production systems. however, seed vigor has not been selected as an important breeding trait in traditional breeding programs due to its quantitative inherence. in this study, we identified and mapped eight quantitative ... | 2014 | 24571491 |
| an increase in melatonin in transgenic rice causes pleiotropic phenotypes, including enhanced seedling growth, delayed flowering, and low grain yield. | no previous reports have described the effects of an increase in endogenous melatonin levels on plant yield and reproduction. here, the phenotypes of melatonin-rich transgenic rice plants overexpressing sheep serotonin n-acetyltransferase were investigated under field conditions. early seedling growth of melatonin-rich transgenic rice was greatly accelerated, with enhanced biomass relative to the wild type (wt). however, flowering was delayed by 1 wk in the transgenic lines compared with the wt. ... | 2014 | 24571270 |
| reduction of gibberellin by low temperature disrupts pollen development in rice. | microsporogenesis in rice (oryza sativa) plants is susceptible to moderate low temperature (lt; approximately 19°c) that disrupts pollen development and causes severe reductions in grain yields. although considerable research has been invested in the study of cool-temperature injury, a full understanding of the molecular mechanism has not been achieved. here, we show that endogenous levels of the bioactive gibberellins (gas) ga4 and ga7, and expression levels of the ga biosynthesis genes ga20ox3 ... | 2014 | 24569847 |
| photosynthetic responses of oryza sativa l. seedlings to cadmium stress: physiological, biochemical and ultrastructural analyses. | in the present study, photosynthetic responses induced by cadmium stress in chlorophyll biosynthesis, photochemical activities, the stability of thylakoid membranes chlorophyll-protein complexes and the chloroplast ultrastructure of the cereal crop oryza sativa l. were characterized. cadmium inhibited the biosynthesis of chlorophyll by interfering with activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in the rice seedlings. for the photochemical activities analyses, the extent of the decrease in pho ... | 2014 | 24562500 |
| dicer-like 3 produces transposable element-associated 24-nt sirnas that control agricultural traits in rice. | transposable elements (tes) and repetitive sequences make up over 35% of the rice (oryza sativa) genome. the host regulates the activity of different tes by different epigenetic mechanisms, including dna methylation, histone h3k9 methylation, and histone h3k4 demethylation. tes can also affect the expression of host genes. for example, miniature inverted repeat tes (mites), dispersed high copy-number dna tes, can influence the expression of nearby genes. in plants, 24-nt small interfering rnas ( ... | 2014 | 24554078 |
| evaluation of rice promoters conferring pollen-specific expression in a heterologous system, arabidopsis. | promoters can direct gene expression specifically to targeted tissues or cells. effective with both crop species and model plant systems, these tools can help researchers overcome the practical obstacles associated with transgenic protocols. here, we identified promoters that allow one to target the manipulation of gene expression during pollen development. utilizing published transcriptomic databases for rice, we investigated the promoter activity of selected genes in arabidopsis. from various ... | 2014 | 24550073 |
| the mechanism of improved aeration due to gas films on leaves of submerged rice. | some terrestrial wetland plants, such as rice, have super-hydrophobic leaf surfaces which retain a gas film when submerged. o2 movement through the diffusive boundary layer (dbl) of floodwater, gas film and stomata into leaf mesophyll was explored by means of a reaction-diffusion model that was solved in a three-dimensional leaf anatomy model. the anatomy and dark respiration of leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.) were measured and used to compute o2 fluxes and partial pressure of o2 (po2 ) in the ... | 2014 | 24548021 |
| accumulation and toxicological response of atrazine in rice crops. | atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides for controlling weeds and grasses. due to its intensive use, it has become a serious contaminant in soil and water. to evaluate impact of atrazine on graminaceous crops, experiments focusing on atrazine accumulation and toxic response in rice (oryza sativa) were carried out. treatment with atrazine at 0.05-0.8 mg l(-1) for 6 d reduced elongation of shoot and root. compared with a mock treatment, the elongation of shoot with atrazine was 67.1 per ... | 2014 | 24530725 |
| identification of trans-acting factors regulating samdc expression in oryza sativa. | abiotic stress affects the growth and productivity of crop plants; to cope with the adverse environmental conditions, plants have developed efficient defense machinery comprising of antioxidants like phenolics and flavonoids, and osmolytes like polyamines. samdc is a key enzyme in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in plants. in our present communication we have done in silico analysis of the promoter region of samdc to look for the presence of different cis-regulatory elements contributing to i ... | 2014 | 24530223 |
| substantial expression of novel small open reading frames in oryza sativa. | in our previous integrated study combining informatics and molecular biology analyses, we revealed that arabidopsis small open reading frames (sorfs) predicted by computational analysis have biological functions in morphogenesis. here, we report that sequences homologous to arabidopsis sorfs are abundant in intergenic regions of the rice genome. these sequences represent a subset of non-protein-coding dna, and some are transcribed into mrna. these results indicate that many sorfs associated with ... | 2014 | 24526015 |
| the evolutionary context of root epidermis cell patterning in grasses (poaceae). | in the last century, the mechanism for establishing the root epidermal pattern in grasses was proposed as a differentiating trait that can be used in taxonomic studies and as a useful tool to indicate the relationships between genera. however, knowledge about root hair differentiation in monocots is still scarce. during the last few years, this process has been studied intensively, mainly based on genetics and histological studies. a histological analysis of the root epidermis pattern composed f ... | 2014 | 24521825 |
| gene discovery and molecular marker development, based on high-throughput transcript sequencing of paspalum dilatatum poir. | paspalum dilatatum poir. (common name dallisgrass) is a native grass species of south america, with special relevance to dairy and red meat production. p. dilatatum exhibits higher forage quality than other c4 forage grasses and is tolerant to frost and water stress. this species is predominantly cultivated in an apomictic monoculture, with an inherent high risk that biotic and abiotic stresses could potentially devastate productivity. therefore, advanced breeding strategies that characterise an ... | 2014 | 24520314 |
| time-series rna-seq analysis package (trap) and its application to the analysis of rice, oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica, upon drought stress. | measuring expression levels of genes at the whole genome level can be useful for many purposes, especially for revealing biological pathways underlying specific phenotype conditions. when gene expression is measured over a time period, we have opportunities to understand how organisms react to stress conditions over time. thus many biologists routinely measure whole genome level gene expressions at multiple time points. however, there are several technical difficulties for analyzing such whole g ... | 2014 | 24518221 |
| application of stress indices for low temperature and deep sowing stress screening of rice genotypes. | low temperature or cold stress and deep sowing plays a pivotal role in limiting rice (oryza sativa l.) productivity in the temperate rice growing regions as well as in tropical high lands worldwide. a better understanding of stress tolerance mechanism in rice plants will help to develop rice germplasm with improved field level tolerance under variable temperature and sowing deep conditions. using previously developed stress indices, this study presents results from low temperature and deep sowin ... | 2013 | 24511713 |
| effects of combined amendments on heavy metal accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) planted on contaminated paddy soil. | stabilization of heavy metals in situ was investigated. two combined amendments (ls, limestone+sepiolite; hz, hydroxyhistidine+zeolite) were applied at ratios of 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% (w/w) to paddy soil with multi-metal (pb, cd, cu, and zn) contamination. the effects of these two combined amendments on heavy metal bioavailability in soil, and on uptake and accumulation of heavy metals in rice plants were investigated. application of ls and hz significantly increased soil ph values and cation exc ... | 2014 | 24507150 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of rice (oryza sativa l.) roots forming a barrier to radial oxygen loss. | the formation of a barrier to radial oxygen (o2 ) loss (rol) in the root is an important adaptation of plants to root flooding, but the biochemical changes in plant roots where the barrier is formed are unclear. in this study, we analysed metabolic profiles and gene expression profiles in roots of rice (oryza sativa l.) plants grown under stagnant deoxygenated conditions, which induce suberization in the outer cell layers of the roots and formation of barrier to rol. under these conditions, two ... | 2014 | 24506679 |
| genetic evaluation of recombinant inbred lines of rice (oryza sativa l.) for grain zinc concentrations, yield related traits and identification of associated ssr markers. | the objectives of the present study were to evaluate genetic variability parameters, correlations that exist for grain zn concentration and yield related traits and identification of ssr markers linked to these traits in rice. one hundred seventy six recombinant inbred lines (rils) of azucena x moromutant were grown at university of agricultural sciences, bangalore in augmented experimental design during wet seasons of 2010 and 2011. the study revealed significant genetic variability for all the ... | 2013 | 24506038 |
| natural herbicide resistance (hr) to broad-spectrum herbicide, glyphosate among traditional and inbred-cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties in sri lanka. | weeds along with insect pests and plant diseases are sources of biotic stress in crop systems. weeds are responsible for serious problems in rice worldwide affecting growth and causing a considerable reduction in quality and quantity in yield. high concentrations of pre-emergent-broad-spectrum systemic herbicide, glyphosate is prevalently applied to control rice weeds which intern causes severe damages to cultivated rice varieties, susceptible to glyphosate. however, there may be rice varieties ... | 2013 | 24498832 |
| the rice semi-dwarf mutant sd37, caused by a mutation in cyp96b4, plays an important role in the fine-tuning of plant growth. | plant cytochrome p450 has diverse roles in developmental processes and in the response to environmental cues. here, we characterized the rice (oryza sativa l ssp. indica cultivar 3037) semi-dwarf mutant sd37, in which the gene cyp96b4 (cytochrome p450 96b subfamily) was identified and confirmed as the target by map-based cloning and a complementation test. a point mutation in the srs2 domain of cyp96b4 resulted in a threonine to lysine substitution in the sd37 mutant. examination of the subcellu ... | 2014 | 24498428 |
| drought stress-induced compositional changes in tolerant transgenic rice and its wild type. | comparing well-watered versus deficit conditions, we evaluated the chemical composition of grains harvested from wild-type (wt) and drought-tolerant, transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.). the latter had been developed by inserting atcyp78a7, which encodes a cytochrome p450 protein. two transgenic lines, '10b-5' and '18a-4', and the 'hwayoung' wt were grown under a rainout shelter. after the harvested grains were polished, their levels of key components, including proximates, amino acids, fatty acid ... | 2014 | 24491713 |
| multiple major qtl lead to stable yield performance of rice cultivars across varying drought intensities. | availability of irrigation water is becoming a major limiting factor in rice cultivation. production in rainfed areas is affected in particular by drought events, as these areas are commonly planted to high-yielding drought-susceptible rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties. the use of bulk segregant analysis (bsa), taking grain yield (gy) as a selection criterion, has resulted in the identification of several large-effect qtl. a qtl mapping study was undertaken on a bc1f3:4 population developed from ... | 2014 | 24491154 |
| ospt2, a phosphate transporter, is involved in the active uptake of selenite in rice. | • selenite is a predominant form of selenium (se) available to plants, especially in anaerobic soils, but the molecular mechanism of selenite uptake by plants is not well understood. • ltn1, a rice mutant previously shown to have increased phosphate (pi) uptake, was found to exhibit higher selenite uptake than the wild-type in both concentration- and time-dependent selenite uptake assays. respiratory inhibitors significantly inhibited selenite uptake in the wildtype and the ltn1 mutant, indicati ... | 2014 | 24491113 |
| allele distributions at hybrid incompatibility loci facilitate the potential for gene flow between cultivated and weedy rice in the us. | the accumulation of independent mutations over time in two populations often leads to reproductive isolation. reproductive isolation between diverging populations may be reinforced by barriers that occur either pre- or postzygotically. hybrid sterility is the most common form of postzygotic isolation in plants. four postzygotic sterility loci, comprising three hybrid sterility systems (sa, s5, dpl), have been recently identified in oryza sativa. these loci explain, in part, the limited hybridiza ... | 2014 | 24489758 |
| multiple rna binding protein complexes interact with the rice prolamine rna cis-localization zipcode sequences. | rnas for the storage proteins, glutelins and prolamines, contain zipcode sequences, which target them to specific subdomains of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum in developing rice (oryza sativa) seeds. fifteen rna binding proteins (rbps) specifically bind to the prolamine zipcode sequences and are likely to play an important role in the transport and localization of this storage protein rna. to understand the underlying basis for the binding of multiple protein species to the prolamine zipcode ... | 2014 | 24488967 |
| glutelin precursor accumulation3 encodes a regulator of post-golgi vesicular traffic essential for vacuolar protein sorting in rice endosperm. | in seed plants, a major pathway for sorting of storage proteins to the protein storage vacuole (psv) depends on the golgi-derived dense vesicles (dvs). however, the molecular mechanisms regulating the directional trafficking of dvs to psvs remain largely elusive. here, we report the functional characterization of the rice (oryza sativa) glutelin precursor accumulation3 (gpa3) mutant, which exhibits a floury endosperm phenotype and accumulates excess proglutelins in dry seeds. cytological and imm ... | 2014 | 24488962 |
| a novel t-dna integration in rice involving two interchromosomal translocations. | a male sterile transgenic rice plant tc-19 harboured a novel t-dna integration in chromosome 8 with two interchromosomal translocations of 6.55 kb chromosome 3 and 29.8 kb chromosome 9 segments. we report a complex agrobacterium t-dna integration in rice (oryza sativa) associated with two interchromosomal translocations. the t-dna-tagged rice mutant tc-19, which harboured a single copy of the t-dna, displayed male sterile phenotype in the homozygous condition. analysis of the junctions between t ... | 2014 | 24487649 |
| a novel ap2-type transcription factor, small organ size1, controls organ size downstream of an auxin signaling pathway. | the organ size of flowering plants is determined by two post-embryonic developmental events: cell proliferation and cell expansion. in this study, we identified a new rice loss-of-function mutant, small organ size1 (smos1), that decreases the final size of various organs due to decreased cell size and abnormal microtubule orientation. smos1 encodes an unusual apetala2 (ap2)-type transcription factor with an imperfect ap2 domain, and its product belongs to the basal aintegumenta (ant) lineage, in ... | 2014 | 24486766 |
| cppu elevates photosynthetic abilities, growth performances and yield traits in salt stressed rice (oryza sativa l. spp. indica) via free proline and sugar accumulation. | application of n-2-(chloro-4-pyridyl)-n-phenyl urea (cppu) to salt susceptible cultivar of indica rice (cv. ptt1) effected on free proline and soluble sugar accumulation and regulated the physio-morphological responses when subjected to salt stress condition was firstly demonstrated in this study. soluble sugars, including sucrose, glucose and fructose, in leaf blade and leaf sheath were enriched in 0.1 mm cppu pretreated plants subsequently exposed to 16.6 ds m(-1) nacl for 10 days. in the long ... | 2014 | 24485312 |
| [yield formation of different single-season rice (oryza sativa l. ) types and its relationships with meteorological factors in yunnan province of southwest china]. | by using the 1994-2010 observation data of paddy rice growth period and yield from 14 agro-meteorological stations at different altitudes in yunnan province, this paper studied the rice yield formation and the effects of meteorological factors on low-yield rice yield components. according to the systematic cluster analysis of rice yield components and the rice types at the 14 stations, the rice was divided into 4 types, i. e., low-yield japonica rice, low-yield indica rice, high-yield japonica r ... | 2013 | 24483077 |
| large-scale production and evaluation of marker-free indica rice ir64 expressing phytoferritin genes. | biofortification of rice (oryza sativa l.) using a transgenic approach to increase the amount of iron in the grain is proposed as a low-cost, reliable, and sustainable solution to help developing countries combat anemia. in this study, we generated and evaluated a large number of rice or soybean ferritin over-accumulators in rice mega-variety ir64, including marker-free events, by introducing soybean or rice ferritin genes into the endosperm for product development. accumulation of the protein w ... | 2014 | 24482599 |
| expression and functional analysis of putative vacuolar ca2+-transporters (caxs and acas) in roots of salt tolerant and sensitive rice cultivars. | vacuolar ca2+-transporters could play an important role for salt tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) root. here, we compared the expression profiles of putative vacuolar cation/h+ exchanger (cax) and calmodulin-regulated autoinhibited ca2+-atpase (aca) in rice roots of salt tolerant cv. pokkali and salt sensitive cv. ir29. in addition to five putative vacuolar cax genes in the rice genome, a new cax gene (oscax4) has been annotated. in the present study, we isolated the oscax4 gene and showed th ... | 2014 | 24482191 |
| cadmium and lead interactive effects on oxidative stress and antioxidative responses in rice seedlings. | interactive effects of two heavy metal pollutants cd and pb in the growth medium were examined on their uptake, production of reactive oxygen species (ros), induction of oxidative stress and antioxidative defence responses in indica rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. when rice seedlings in sand culture were exposed to 150 μm cd (no3)2 or 600 μm pb (ch3coo)2 individually or in combination for 8-16 days, a significant reduction in root/shoot length, fresh weight, relative water content, photosynthe ... | 2014 | 24482190 |
| zinc allocation and re-allocation in rice. | agronomy and breeding actively search for options to enhance cereal grain zn density. quantifying internal (re-)allocation of zn as affected by soil and crop management or genotype is crucial. we present experiments supporting the development of a conceptual model of whole plant zn allocation and re-allocation in rice. | 2014 | 24478788 |
| osga2ox5, a gibberellin metabolism enzyme, is involved in plant growth, the root gravity response and salt stress. | gibberellin (ga) 2-oxidases play an important role in the ga catabolic pathway through 2β-hydroxylation. there are two classes of ga2oxs, i.e., a larger class of c₁₉-ga2oxs and a smaller class of c₂₀-ga2oxs. in this study, the gene encoding a ga 2-oxidase of rice, oryza sativa ga 2-oxidase 5 (osga2ox5), was cloned and characterized. blastp analysis showed that osga2ox5 belongs to the c₂₀-ga2oxs subfamily, a subfamily of ga2oxs acting on c₂₀-gas (ga₁₂, ga₅₃). subcellular localization of osga2ox5- ... | 2014 | 24475234 |
| overexpression of pyl5 in rice enhances drought tolerance, inhibits growth, and modulates gene expression. | abscisic acid (aba) is a phytohormone that plays important roles in the regulation of seed dormancy and adaptation to abiotic stresses. previous work identified ospyl/rcars as functional aba receptors regulating aba-dependent gene expression in oryza sativa. ospyl/rcars thus are considered to be good candidate genes for improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in crops. this work demonstrates that the cytosolic aba receptor ospyl/rcar5 in o. sativa functions as a positive regulator of abiotic str ... | 2014 | 24474809 |
| dorsoventral asymmetry of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in flag leaves of two rice cultivars that differ in nitrogen response and leaf angle. | rice is believed to show photosynthetic symmetry between adaxial and abaxial leaf sides. to verify this, we re-examined dorsoventral asymmetry in photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and anatomical traits in flag leaves of two oryza sativa cultivars that differ in nitrogen (n) response and in leaf angle: 'akenohoshi', a cultivar that can adapt to low-n (ln), with low leaf angle (more erect leaves), and 'shirobeniya', a cultivar that is unable to adapt to ln, with higher leaf angle. plants we ... | 2014 | 24471973 |
| induction of phytic acid synthesis by abscisic acid in suspension-cultured cells of rice. | a pathway of phytic acid (pa) synthesis in plants has been revealed via investigations of low phytic acid mutants. however, the regulation of this pathway is not well understood because it is difficult to control the environments of cells in the seeds, where pa is mainly synthesized. we modified a rice suspension culture system in order to study the regulation of pa synthesis. rice cells cultured with abscisic acid (aba) accumulate pa at higher levels than cells cultured without aba, and pa accu ... | 2014 | 24467907 |
| genome-wide dna polymorphisms in seven rice cultivars of temperate and tropical japonica groups. | elucidation of the rice genome is expected to broaden our understanding of genes related to the agronomic characteristics and the genetic relationship among cultivars. in this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencings of 6 cultivars, including 5 temperate japonica cultivars and 1 tropical japonica cultivar (moroberekan), by using next-generation sequencing (ngs) with nipponbare genome as a reference. the temperate japonica cultivars contained 2 sake brewing (yamadanishiki and gohyakumangoku), ... | 2014 | 24466017 |
| processes underpinning development and maintenance of diversity in rice in west africa: evidence from combining morphological and molecular markers. | we assessed the interplay of artificial and natural selection in rice adaptation in low-input farming systems in west africa. using 20 morphological traits and 176 molecular markers, 182 farmer varieties of rice (oryza spp.) from 6 west african countries were characterized. principal component analysis showed that the four botanical groups (oryza sativa ssp. indica, o. sativa ssp. japonica, o. glaberrima, and interspecific farmer hybrids) exhibited different patterns of morphological diversity. ... | 2014 | 24465809 |