| growth in elevated co2 enhances temperature response of photosynthesis in wheat. | the temperature dependence of c(3) photosynthesis may be altered by the growth environment. the effects of long-term growth in elevated co(2) on photosynthesis temperature response have been investigated in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in controlled chambers with 370 or 700 mumol mol(-1) co(2) from sowing through to anthesis. gas exchange was measured in flag leaves at ear emergence, and the parameters of a biochemical photosynthesis model were determined along with their temperature respo ... | 2009 | 19055543 |
| new insights into the origin of the b genome of hexaploid wheat: evolutionary relationships at the spa genomic region with the s genome of the diploid relative aegilops speltoides. | several studies suggested that the diploid ancestor of the b genome of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species belongs to the sitopsis section, having aegilops speltoides (ss, 2n = 14) as the closest identified relative. however molecular relationships based on genomic sequence comparison, including both coding and non-coding dna, have never been investigated. in an attempt to clarify these relationships, we compared, in this study, sequences of the storage protein activator (spa) locus region of ... | 2008 | 19032732 |
| magnesium-isotope fractionation during plant growth. | magnesium is an essential nutrient, which activates more enzymes than any other mineral element and, thus, plays an important role in biogeochemical cycles. with three stable isotopes naturally abundant (24mg, 78.992%; 25mg, 10.003%; 26mg, 11.005%), magnesium stable isotope fractionation may provide insights into these cycles. here, we detail for the first time the magnesium stable-isotope distribution in a higher plant, wheat (triticum aestivum l.), during its growth cycle. wheat plants were gr ... | 2008 | 19031868 |
| mapping qtls for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance on chromosome 2d in a synthetic hexaploid wheat x common wheat cross. | based on segregation distortion of simple sequence repeat (ssr) molecular markers, we detected a significant quantitative trait loci (qtl) for pre-harvest sprouting (phs) tolerance on the short arm of chromosome 2d (2ds) in the extremely susceptible population of f2 progeny generated from the cross of phs tolerant synthetic hexaploid wheat cultivar 'rsp' and phs susceptible bread wheat cultivar '88-1643'. to identify the qtl of phs tolerance, we constructed two ssr-based genetic maps of 2ds in 2 ... | 2008 | 19029680 |
| comparison of genetic and cytogenetic maps of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using ssr and dart markers. | a number of technologies are available to increase the abundance of dna markers and contribute to developing high resolution genetic maps suitable for genetic analysis. the aim of this study was to expand the number of diversity array technology (dart) markers on the wheat array that can be mapped in the wheat genome, and to determine their chromosomal location with respect to simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers and their position on the cytogenetic map. a total of 749 and 512 individual dart a ... | 2009 | 19020902 |
| analysis of intraspecies diversity in wheat and barley genomes identifies breakpoints of ancient haplotypes and provides insight into the structure of diploid and hexaploid triticeae gene pools. | a large number of wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) varieties have evolved in agricultural ecosystems since domestication. because of the large, repetitive genomes of these triticeae crops, sequence information is limited and molecular differences between modern varieties are poorly understood. to study intraspecies genomic diversity, we compared large genomic sequences at the lr34 locus of the wheat varieties chinese spring, renan, and glenlea, and diploid wheat aegilops ta ... | 2009 | 19011002 |
| the effects of enhanced ultraviolet-b radiation and soil drought on water use efficiency of spring wheat. | the effect of enhanced ultraviolet-b radiation (280-315 nm) and water stress on water consumption, instantaneous water use efficiency (wuei), season-long water use efficiency (wues) and leaf stable carbon isotope composition (delta13c) of three spring wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated under field conditions. the relationship between wuei and wues with delta13c was analyzed. compared with the control, enhanced uv-b or water stress alone or in combination led to lower water u ... | 2009 | 19006675 |
| a second mechanism for aluminum resistance in wheat relies on the constitutive efflux of citrate from roots. | the first confirmed mechanism for aluminum (al) resistance in plants is encoded by the wheat (triticum aestivum) gene, taalmt1, on chromosome 4dl. taalmt1 controls the al-activated efflux of malate from roots, and this mechanism is widespread among al-resistant genotypes of diverse genetic origins. this study describes a second mechanism for al resistance in wheat that relies on citrate efflux. citrate efflux occurred constitutively from the roots of brazilian cultivars carazinho, maringa, torop ... | 2009 | 19005085 |
| genetic and molecular characterization of the vrn2 loci in tetraploid wheat. | winter wheat (triticum spp.) varieties require long exposures to low temperatures to flower, a process called vernalization. the vrn2 locus includes two completely linked zinc finger-cct domain genes (zcct1 and zcct2) that act as flowering repressors down-regulated during vernalization. deletions or mutations in these two genes result in the elimination of the vernalization requirement in diploid wheat (triticum monococcum). however, natural allelic variation in these genes has not been describe ... | 2009 | 19005084 |
| kinetics of carotenoids degradation during the storage of einkorn (triticum monococcum l. ssp. monococcum) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. ssp. aestivum) flours. | to evaluate the effect of storage temperature, the degradation kinetics of carotenoids in wholemeal and white flour of einkorn cv. monlis and bread wheat cv. serio, stored at -20, 5, 20, 30, and 38 degrees c, was assessed by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. in monlis, the carotenoids content (8.1 and 9.8 mg/kg for wholemeal and white flour, respectively) was 8-fold higher than in serio (1.0 and 1.1 mg/kg). only lutein and zeaxanthin were detected in bread wheat, while signifi ... | 2008 | 18998697 |
| use of ethylene diurea (edu) in assessing the impact of ozone on growth and productivity of five cultivars of indian wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | increase in concentrations of tropospheric ozone (o(3)) is one of the main factors affecting world agriculture production. tropical countries including india are at greater risk due to their meteorological conditions (high solar radiation and temperature) being conducive to the formation of o(3). the most effective anti-ozonant chemical is n-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl) ethyl]-n-phenylurea or ethylene diurea (edu). due to its specific characteristics, edu has been used in the field as a phytomoni ... | 2009 | 18998224 |
| characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit glu-b3 genes and development of sts markers in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) glu-b3 has a significant influence on the processing quality of the end-use products of common wheat. to characterize the lmw-gs genes at the glu-b3 locus, gene-specific pcr primers were designed to amplify eight near-isogenic lines and cheyenne with different glu-b3 alleles (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and i) defined by protein electrophoretic mobility. the complete coding regions of four glu-b3 genes with complete coding sequence were obtained and desi ... | 2009 | 18989655 |
| evidence of ceased programmed cell death in metaphloem sieve elements in the developing caryopsis of triticum aestivum l. | transmission electron microscopy (tem) and fluorescence microscopy studies revealed that the metaphloem sieve elements (mses) in the ventral vascular bundle of the caryopses of developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) undergo a unique type of programmed cell death (pcd). terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dutp nick-end labeling (tunel)-positive nuclei were observed at 3 and 4 days after flowering (daf). transmission electron microscopy studies of differentiating mses revealed increase ... | 2008 | 18985425 |
| introgression of bread wheat chromatin into tall wheatgrass via somatic hybridization. | regenerates were obtained following somatic hybridization between tall wheatgrass (agropyron elongatum) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum cv. jinan177) protoplasts. two lines (cu and xi) were self-fertile in the first (r0) and subsequent (r1 and r2) generations. the phenotype of each r1 population was uniform. all cu progeny were phenotypically similar to the tall wheatgrass parent, while xi progeny had thinner, smoother and softer leaves. cytological analysis showed that more wheat chromatin w ... | 2009 | 18985381 |
| structural changes in root tips of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in response to olive oil mill wastewater. | toxic effects of the wastewater were investigated ultrastructurally in root tips of triticum aestivum. as a result, wall and nuclear degradations, disruptions in all cytoplasmic membranes, irregular nucleus shapes and cellular organization defects were densely detected. besides, germination ratio, total protein contents, dna contents and root-shoot growth were found to be decreased significantly when compared to the control group. results were compared with those of recent studies regarding exce ... | 2008 | 18983041 |
| heavy metal accumulation in different varieties of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in soil amended with domestic sewage sludge. | the concentrations of heavy metals (hms) in plants served to indicate the metal contamination status of the site, and also revealed the abilities of various plant species to take up and accumulate them from the soil dressed with sewage sludge. a study to comprehend the mobility and transport of hms from soil and soil amended with untreated sewage sludge to different newly breaded varieties of wheat (anmol, tj-83, abadgar and mehran-89) in pakistan. a pot-culture experiment was conducted to study ... | 2009 | 18977590 |
| durum wheat adulteration detection by nir spectroscopy multivariate calibration. | in the present work, we explored the possibility of using near-infrared spectroscopy in order to quantify the degree of adulteration of durum wheat flour with common bread wheat flour. the multivariate calibration techniques adopted to this aim were pls and a wavelet-based calibration algorithm, recently developed by some of us, called wilma. both techniques provided satisfactory results, the percentage of adulterant present in the samples being quantified with an uncertainty lower than that ass ... | 2006 | 18970492 |
| [changes in the activity of proteases and trypsin inhibitors in wheat leaves in the initial period of cold hardening and subsequent dehardening]. | the dynamics of amidase, cysteine protease, and trypsin inhibitor activities were studied in the leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings grown under controlled conditions (25 degrees c, illuminance 10 klx, 14-h photoperiod) and subjected to cold hardening (5 degrees c, 10 klx, 14-h photoperiod). changes in the activity of amidases and cysteine proteases proved to precede an increase in cold resistance during cold hardening and a decrease in cold resistance after the end of cold hardenin ... | 2016 | 18956732 |
| biochemical and structural characterization of tlxi, the triticum aestivum l. thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor. | thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitors (tlxi) are recently discovered wheat proteins. they belong to the family of the thaumatin-like proteins and inhibit glycoside hydrolase family 11 endoxylanases commonly used in different cereal based (bio)technological processes. we here report on the biochemical characterisation of tlxi. its inhibition activity is temperature- and ph-dependent and shows a maximum at approximately 40 degrees c and ph 5.0. the tlxi structure model, generated with the crystal str ... | 2009 | 18951281 |
| wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings secrete proteases from the roots and, after protein addition, grow well on medium without inorganic nitrogen. | this paper reports on the role of proteases secreted by roots in nitrogen capture by plants. the study was conducted on aseptically cultivated wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum cv. tacher) obtained from embryos isolated from grains. seedlings were cultivated for 21 days on deionised water, murashige skoog medium (ms), ms without inorganic nitrogen (in), and ms without in, in which in was replaced by casein (0.01%, 0.1% or 1%). comparison of seedlings grown on these media showed that casein enti ... | 2008 | 18950429 |
| modeling nitrogen and water management effects in a wheat-maize double-cropping system. | excessive n and water use in agriculture causes environmental degradation and can potentially jeopardize the sustainability of the system. a field study was conducted from 2000 to 2002 to study the effects of four n treatments (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg n ha(-1) per crop) on a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and maize (zea mays l.) double cropping system under 70 +/- 15% field capacity in the north china plain (ncp). the root zone water quality model (rzwqm), with the crop estimation through resource ... | 2013 | 18948476 |
| lr46: a gene conferring slow-rusting resistance to leaf rust in wheat. | abstract wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivar pavon 76 carries slow-rusting resistance to leaf rust that has remained effective in mexico since its release in 1976. 'pavon 76' was crossed with two leaf rust-susceptible wheat cultivars, jupateco 73s and avocet s, and between 118 and 148 individual f(2) plant-derived f(3) and f(5) lines were evaluated for adult-plant leaf rust resistance at two field sites in mexico during different seasons. evaluation of f(1) plants and parents indicated that the s ... | 1998 | 18944865 |
| leaf rust resistance gene lr34 associated with nonsuppression of stem rust resistance in the wheat cultivar canthatch. | abstract the common wheat cultivar thatcher and the backcross derivative canthatch are moderately or fully susceptible to several races of stem rust because of a suppressor on chromosome 7dl that inhibits the expression of the relevant resistance gene(s). the incorporation of leaf rust resistance gene lr34 into 'thatcher' is known to enhance stem rust resistance. the effect of this gene in a 'canthatch' background and its relationship with the 7dl suppressor were determined by replacing chromoso ... | 1999 | 18944724 |
| wheat (triticum aestivum) is susceptible to the parasitic angiosperm striga hermonthica, a major cereal pathogen in africa. | abstract striga hermonthica is a parasitic weed endemic to sub-saharan africa. it most commonly parasitizes sorghum, maize, pearl millet, and upland rice, lowering yields and affecting the welfare of over 100 million people, principally subsistence farmers. cereal crops with complete resistance to this pathogen have not been reported. in southern and eastern africa, where striga spp. are endemic, 5.6 million ha of wheat are cultivated annually. despite this, there are only isolated field reports ... | 2005 | 18943360 |
| identification, chromosome location, and diagnostic markers for a new gene (yrcn19) for resistance to wheat stripe rust. | abstract several wheat lines and cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum) originating from the southwestern region of china were found to be highly resistant to stripe rust by inoculation with the prevalent races (cyr30, cyr31, and cyr32) and newly emerged races (h46-4, sy11-4 and sy11-14) of the pathogen. an inheritance study of the resistance to stripe rust was carried out by crossing resistant aim6 with susceptible beiz76. results indicated that the resistance to stripe rust was controlled by a ... | 2005 | 18943356 |
| sensitivity of wheat genotypes to a toxic fraction produced by cephalosporium gramineum and correlation with disease susceptibility. | abstract cephalosporium stripe is an important disease of winter wheat (triticum aestivum) in several areas of the world, especially where stubble mulch and early seeding are practiced to maintain soil moisture and prevent erosion. we developed a procedure to mass-produce a toxic fraction produced by cephalosporium gramineum through a modification of the method of kobayashi and ui. exposure of excised wheat leaves to a concentration of 60 mul/ml of the toxic fraction for 72 h produced distinct w ... | 2001 | 18943001 |
| ionic liquids in soils: effects of different anion species of imidazolium based ionic liquids on wheat (triticum aestivum) as affected by different clay minerals and clay concentrations. | this study contributes to a prospective hazard assessment of ionic liquids, focusing on the terrestrial environment. the influence of differently composed soils-varying contents of the clay minerals smectite and kaolinite-on the toxicity of different anion species of imidazolium based ionic liquids was studied for growth inhibition of wheat (triticum aestivum). im14 (cf(3)so(2))(2)n appeared the most toxic, independently of the investigated soil type. the toxicity of im14 cl, im14 bf(4) and im14 ... | 2009 | 18932018 |
| [molecular marker analysis of wheat-roegneria ciliaris additions lines.]. | a total of 135 est, 27 sts, and 253 ssr primer pairs located in 7 homoeologous groups of wheat and barly were used for amplification of 24 possible wheat-r. ciliaris disomic addition lines. fifty-five primer pairs could amplified polymorphic bands between common wheat variety "inayama komugi" and the inayama komugi- r. ciliaris amphiploid, and 31 of the 55 could amplify the specific bands of r. ciliaris in the addition lines. according to the pcr (polymerase chain reaction) results, the added r. ... | 2008 | 18930898 |
| homoeologous gene silencing in tissue cultured wheat callus. | in contrast to diploids, most polyploid plant species, which include the hexaploid bread wheat, possess an additional layer of epigenetic complexity. several studies have demonstrated that polyploids are affected by homoeologous gene silencing, a process in which sub-genomic genomic copies are selectively transcriptionally inactivated. this form of silencing can be tissue specific and may be linked to developmental or stress responses. | 2008 | 18928533 |
| [identification of catalytically active groups of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ lipase]. | the active site of wheat germ lipase was studied by the dixon method and chemical modification. the profile of curve logv = f(ph), pk and ionization heat values, lipase photoinactivation, and lipase inactivation with diethylpyrocarbonate and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide led us to assume that the active site of the enzyme comprises the carboxylic group of aspartic or glutamic acid and the imidazole group of histidine. apparently, the oh-group of serine plays a key role in catalysis: as a result of in ... | 2008 | 18924403 |
| variation in the content of dietary fiber and components thereof in wheats in the healthgrain diversity screen. | within the healthgrain diversity screening program, the variation in the content of dietary fiber and components thereof in different types of wheat was studied. the wheat types were winter (131 varieties) and spring (20 varieties) wheats (both triticum aestivum l., also referred to as common wheats), durum wheat (triticum durum desf., 10 varieties), spelt wheat (triticum spelta l., 5 varieties), einkorn wheat (t. monococcum l., 5 varieties), and emmer wheat (triticum dicoccum schubler, 5 variet ... | 2008 | 18921978 |
| folate in wheat genotypes in the healthgrain diversity screen. | as part of the diversity screen of the healthgrain project, the total folate contents of bread wheat (130 winter and 20 spring wheat genotypes), durum wheat (10 genotypes), earlier cultivated diploid einkorn and tetraploid emmer wheat (5 genotypes of each), and spelt (5 genotypes), grown in the same location in a controlled manner, were determined by a microbiological assay. the total folate contents ranged from 364 to 774 ng/g of dm in winter wheat and from 323 to 741 ng/g of dm in spring wheat ... | 2008 | 18921972 |
| tocopherols and tocotrienols in wheat genotypes in the healthgrain diversity screen. | tocopherol and tocotrienol compositions were studied in 175 genotypes of different wheat types grown under similar conditions to screen for natural diversity. the main focus was on bread wheats, including 130 and 20 winter and spring types, respectively. the average total content of tocopherols and tocotrienols was 49.4 microg/g of dm, with a range of 27.6-79.7 microg/g of dm, indicating a 2.9-fold variation among genotypes. beta-tocotrienol and alpha-tocopherol were the major vitamers, and in g ... | 2008 | 18921970 |
| analysis of wheat sage tags reveals evidence for widespread antisense transcription. | serial analysis of gene expression (sage) is a powerful tool for genome-wide transcription studies. unlike microarrays, it has the ability to detect novel forms of rna such as alternatively spliced and antisense transcripts, without the need for prior knowledge of their existence. one limitation of using sage on an organism with a complex genome and lacking detailed sequence information, such as the hexaploid bread wheat triticum aestivum, is accurate annotation of the tags generated. without ac ... | 2008 | 18847483 |
| creation and functional analysis of new puroindoline alleles in triticum aestivum. | the hardness (ha) locus controls grain texture and affects many end-use properties of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the ha locus is functionally comprised of the puroindoline a and b genes, pina and pinb, respectively. the lack of pin allelic diversity is a major factor limiting ha functional analyses and wheat quality improvement. in order to create new ha alleles, a 630 member m(2) population was produced in the soft white spring cultivar alpowa using ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenesis. the m( ... | 2009 | 18846362 |
| genomic regions influencing gene expression of the hmw glutenins in wheat. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) produces glutenin storage proteins in the endosperm. the hmw glutenins confer distinct viscoelastic properties to bread dough. the genetics of hmw glutenin proteins have been extensively studied, and information has accumulated about individual subunits, chromosomal locations and dna sequences, but little is known about the regulators of the hmw glutenins. this investigation addressed the question of glutenin regulators. expression of the glutenins was analyzed ... | 2009 | 18839129 |
| the chromosome region including the earliness per se locus eps-am1 affects the duration of early developmental phases and spikelet number in diploid wheat. | earliness per se genes are those that regulate flowering time independently of vernalization and photoperiod, and are important for the fine tuning of flowering time and for the wide adaptation of wheat to different environments. the earliness per se locus eps-a(m)1 was recently mapped within a 0.8 cm interval on chromosome 1a(m)l of diploid wheat triticum monococcum l., and it was shown that its effect was modulated by temperature. in this study, this precise mapping information was used to cha ... | 2008 | 18836186 |
| a physical map of the 1-gigabase bread wheat chromosome 3b. | as the staple food for 35% of the world's population, wheat is one of the most important crop species. to date, sequence-based tools to accelerate wheat improvement are lacking. as part of the international effort to sequence the 17-billion-base-pair hexaploid bread wheat genome (2n = 6x = 42 chromosomes), we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac)-based integrated physical map of the largest chromosome, 3b, that alone is 995 megabases. a chromosome-specific bac library was used to a ... | 2008 | 18832645 |
| genome organisation and retrotransposon driven molecular evolution of the endosperm hardness (ha) locus in triticum aestivum cv glenlea. | wheat endosperm texture is controlled primarily by a locus (ha), which comprises gsp-1, pina and pinb genes encoding the so-called grain softness protein, puroindoline-a and puroindoline-b, respectively. pina and pinb were detected only on the d-genome of hexaploid wheat and its diploid progenitors while gsp-1 was on all three homoeologous loci. hexaploid cultivar glenlea has a hard phenotype due to a null pina genotype (d-genome) but the sequence organization is not reported. this study aimed a ... | 2008 | 18830712 |
| cell membrane surface potential (psi0) plays a dominant role in the phytotoxicity of copper and arsenate. | negative charges at cell membrane surfaces (cms) create a surface electrical potential (psi(0)) that affects ion concentrations at the cms and consequently affects the phytotoxicity of metallic cations and metalloid anions in different ways. the zeta potentials of root protoplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum), as affected by the ionic environment of the solution, were measured and compared with the values of psi(0) calculated with a gouy-chapman-stern model. the mechanisms for the effects of cat ... | 2008 | 18829983 |
| taasy1 promotes homologous chromosome interactions and is affected by deletion of ph1. | during meiosis, chromosomes are sorted into homologous pairs as a preface to their intimate association via recombination and synapsis. however, little is known about the mechanism used to distinguish homologous chromosomes from other chromosomes present in the nucleus. studies in wheat (triticum aestivum) have shown that the pairing homoeologous 1 (ph1) locus is required to suppress interactions between genetically similar homoeologous chromosomes. here we show that absence of ph1 causes increa ... | 2009 | 18826431 |
| [dependence of cross-pollination indices on genotype characteristics of winter common wheat]. | out-crossing indices (the out-rcrossing rate, the frequency of plants with cross-pollination and outcrossing intensity) in f2 plants of winter common wheat from the reciprocal cross b-16 x odesskaya krasnokolosaya were analysed using storage proteins as genetic markers. outcrossing indices greatly differed depending on growth conditions. the out-crossing rate was 0,35 % (odessa, 2000) and 5,11% (kyiv, 2004). the highest out-crossing indices were detected in homozygotes for the presence of the ry ... | 2008 | 18822866 |
| [primary and secondary metabolism of winter wheat under cold hardening and treatment with antioxidants]. | the content of saccharides and phenolic compounds (including flavonoids and lignin) and the activity of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal, ec 4.3.1.5) were determined in leaves and tillering nodes of winter wheat triticum aestivum l.) cultivars inna and moskovskaya 39, differing in the level of frost resistance. these parameters were determined in three groups of plants--control, hardened, and treated with synthetic antioxidants (ambiol and amerol 2000). cold hardening increased accumulation of ... | 2009 | 18822781 |
| using the alkanes and long-chain alcohols of plant cuticular wax to estimate diet composition and the intakes of mixed forages in sheep consuming a known amount of alkane-labelled supplement. | in a feeding trial with 24 sheep, we used the alkanes, long-chain alcohols (lcoh) or both of these plant wax markers, to estimate the diet composition of animals offered diets comprising alkane-labelled cottonseed meal (csm) together with up to four forages. the diets used were: diet 1 subterranean clover (trifolium subterraneum); diet 2 subterranean clover + phalaris (phalaris aquatica); diet 3 subterranean clover, phalaris + annual ryegrass (lolium rigidum); and diet 4 subterranean clover, pha ... | 2008 | 22443905 |
| molecular aspects of drought tolerance in bread wheat (t. aestivum). | in order to evaluate molecular indices of drought tolerance and selection of drought tolerance genotypes in bread wheat a randomized complete block design was carried out with three replications in the field of research station of sararood, kermanshah, iran. positive significant correlation coefficient was observed between grain yield and proline, soluble sugar and total protein under rainfed condition. based on the grain yield, proline content, soluble sugar and total protein the genotypes were ... | 2008 | 18819604 |
| tolerance of 42 bread wheat genotypes to drought stress after anthesis. | the present research characterized yield and yield components of 42 wheat genotypes after terminal drought stress. the experiment was in twice replicated simple rectangular lattice design, conducted at irrigated and terminal stress conditions during 2006-2007. these study genotypes had significant differences for grain yield at level of 1%. genotypes 4057, viking/5/gds/4.., sabalan and 5041 respectively with 6.313, 6.159, 5.793 and 5.774 t ha(-1) had the highest yield and gascogen has the lowest ... | 2008 | 18817264 |
| incorporation of ammi stability value and grain yield in a single non-parametric index (gsi) in bread wheat. | in order to determine stable bread wheat genotypes with high grain yield via a single parameter, field experiments were conducted with 20 genotypes for 4 consecutive years in two different conditions (irrigated and rainfed) in a completely randomized block design with three replications in each environment. combined analysis of variance showed highly significant differences for the ge interaction indicating the possibility of selection for stable entries. the results of additive main effect and ... | 2008 | 18817218 |
| identification of differentially expressed proteins between hybrid and parents in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedling leaves. | in spite of commercial use of heterosis in agriculture, the molecular basis of heterosis is poorly understood. to gain a better understanding of the molecular basis of wheat heterosis, we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis in seedling leaves between wheat hybrid and parents. common wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) line 3338 and spelt wheat (triticum spelta l., 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) line 2463 were used to produce a heterotic f(1) hybrid. the expression patterns of the ... | 2009 | 18815767 |
| detection of high molecular weight glutenin subunits in triticale (x triticosecale wittm.) cultivars by capillary zone electrophoresis. | an improved method for separating and characterizing high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) in hexaploid triticale by capillary zone electrophoresis (cze) was developed. a low-concentrate mixture of hydrophilic polymers, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (pvp) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (hpmc), in an isoelectric buffer was employed for dynamic coating of the capillary inner wall. in separation buffer pvp with lower concentrated poly(ethylene oxide) (peo) was replaced. the cze electropherogr ... | 2008 | 18808142 |
| [toxic effect of musk ketone based on the determinations of wheat (triticum aestivum) seed germination and root elongation]. | through the determinations of wheat (triticum aestivum) seed germination and seedling growth, the toxic effect of emerging pollutant musk ketone was investigated. the results showed that 10 mg x kg(-1) of musk ketone could significantly inhibit the seed germination rate (p < 0. 05) and the seedling's root- and shoot elongation of wheat (p <0.01), and there existed a significant (p < 0.01) dose-effect relationship between musk ketone and root- and shoot elongation, suggesting that the seedling's ... | 2008 | 18808038 |
| [evolution characteristics of flag leaf photosynthesis and grain yield of wheat cultivars bred in different years]. | taking six winter wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars, i. e., 'wangshuibai' and 'bima 1' bred in 1950s, 'zhengyin 1' and 'yangmai 1' bred in 1970s, and 'yumai 34' and 'ningmai 9' bred in 1990s, as test materials, field experiments were conducted to study the evolution characteristics of their flag leaf photosynthesis and grain yield. the results showed that compared with those bred in 1950s and 1970s, the cultivars bred in 1990s had higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (pn), ps ii ... | 2008 | 18808017 |
| dynamics of light and nitrogen distribution during grain filling within wheat canopy. | in monocarpic species, during the reproductive stage the growing grains represent a strong sink for nitrogen (n) and trigger n remobilization from the vegetative organs, which decreases canopy photosynthesis and accelerates leaf senescence. the spatiotemporal distribution of n in a reproductive canopy has not been described in detail. here, we investigated the role of the local light environment on the spatiotemporal distribution of leaf lamina n mass per unit leaf area (sln) during grain fillin ... | 2008 | 18799664 |
| new dna markers for high molecular weight glutenin subunits in wheat. | end-use quality is one of the priorities of modern wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding. even though quality is a complex trait, high molecular weight (hmw) glutenins play a major role in determining the bread making quality of wheat. dna markers developed from the sequences of hmw glutenin genes were reported in several previous studies to facilitate marker-assisted selection (mas). however, most of the previously available markers are dominant and amplify large dna fragments, and thus are not ... | 2008 | 18797838 |
| orf260cra, a novel mitochondrial gene, is associated with the homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (pistillody) in alloplasmic wheat. | homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (pistillody) can occur in cytoplasmic substitution (alloplasmic) lines of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) that have the cytoplasm of the related species, aegilops crassa. previously we showed that pistillody results from altered patterns of expression of class b mads-box genes mediated by mitochondrial gene(s) in the ae. crassa cytoplasm. the wheat cultivar chinese spring does not show pistillody when ae. crassa cytoplasm is introduc ... | 2008 | 18794174 |
| co-ordinated expression of amino acid metabolism in response to n and s deficiency during wheat grain filling. | increasing demands for productivity together with environmental concerns about fertilizer use dictate that the future sustainability of agricultural systems will depend on improving fertilizer use efficiency. characterization of the biological processes responsible for efficient fertilizer use will provide tools for crop improvement under reduced inputs. transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches were used to study the impact of nitrogen (n) and sulphur (s) deficiency on n and s remobilization fr ... | 2008 | 18791197 |
| nitrate supply induces changes in polyamine content and ethylene production in wheat plants grown with ammonium. | in order to explore the mechanisms of nitrate's beneficial effect on ammonium-grown plants, we investigated the effects of nitrate on free and conjugated polyamine plant content and ethylene biosynthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants grown with ammonium nutrition. two different doses of nitrate (100 microm and 5 mm) were supplied to ammonium-fed plants, in order to determine whether the effects of nitrate require significant doses (nutritional character), or can be promoted by very low ... | 2009 | 18790547 |
| dynamics and differential proliferation of transposable elements during the evolution of the b and a genomes of wheat. | transposable elements (tes) constitute >80% of the wheat genome but their dynamics and contribution to size variation and evolution of wheat genomes (triticum and aegilops species) remain unexplored. in this study, 10 genomic regions have been sequenced from wheat chromosome 3b and used to constitute, along with all publicly available genomic sequences of wheat, 1.98 mb of sequence (from 13 bac clones) of the wheat b genome and 3.63 mb of sequence (from 19 bac clones) of the wheat a genome. anal ... | 2008 | 18780739 |
| [two-dimensional electrophoresis on anther total proteins of male sterility induced by chemical hybridizing agent and heredity type in wheat]. | the isonucleus-allocytoplasmic materials ms(s)-xinong 1376, (a)-xinong 1376, and ms(a)-xinong 1376 were used to investigate the protein expression profile in mononucleated anaphase anthers of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) after silver staining and analysis by pdquest software. about 320 to 350 distinct protein spots were detected reproducibly. the results indicated that there were some difference in the protein quantity between the two sterile lines and the maintainer line. several specific spots ... | 2008 | 18779159 |
| genetics of leaf and stripe rust resistance in a bread wheat cultivar tonichi. | | 2008 | 18776651 |
| development of triticum turgidum subsp. durum--aegilops longissima amphiploids with high iron and zinc content through unreduced gamete formation in f1 hybrids. | four different interspecific hybrids involving three different accessions of aegilops longissima schweinf. & muschl. with high grain iron and zinc content and three triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum (desf.) husn. cultivars with low micronutrient content were made for durum wheat biofortification and investigated for chromosome pairing, fertility, putative amphiploidy, and micronutrient content. the chromosome pairing in the 21-chromosome f1 hybrids (absl) consisted of 0-6 rod bivalents and occas ... | 2008 | 18772954 |
| [the effect of low temperature on the microtubules in root meristem cells of spring and winter cultivars of wheat triticum aestivum l]. | we have studied the response of the interphase and mitotis microtubule arrays in root meristem cells of spring and winter cultivars of wheat triticum aestivum l. (moskovskaya 35 and moskovskaya 39) during cold stress (1 h at 0 degrees c) and acclimation to cold (3-48 h at 0 degrees c). our data show that interphase microtubules are more resistant to cold than mitotic arrays in both cultivars. during cold stress the density of endoplasmic microtubules increases in interphase cells of winter plant ... | 2008 | 18771175 |
| effect of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate on the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. | although many studies describe ionic liquids (ils) as potentially greener solvents, few studies address their relationship with the environment. recent researches suggest that some ils have toxicity. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([c4mim][bf4]) was reported to have the lowest toxicity among ils. in this work, we studied the toxicity of this il on wheat seedlings. it was shown that wheat germination was reduced to 38.0% in the presence of 4.4 mmol/l [c4mim][bf4] compared with 100% ... | 2009 | 18767141 |
| microdissection of additional chromosome in common wheat-th. intermedium tai-27 and screening of its special probe. | it was identified that there were 4 st chromosomes derived from th. intermedium in common wheat-th. intermedium alien additional line tai-27 by in situ hybridization. two st chromosomes added to wheat chromosome in tai-27 as well as two of them replaced two of 42 in wheat chromosomes. this indicates that tai-27 is not only an alien additional line, but also a replacing line. the additional chromosomes in tai-27 were microdissected and a microcloning library was constructed. a special probe of th ... | 2000 | 18763122 |
| potential phytoavailability of anthropogenic cobalt in soils as measured by isotope dilution techniques. | isotope dilution is a useful technique to determine the potential phytoavailability of an element in soil. this method involves equilibrating an isotope with soil and then sampling the labile metal pool by analysis of the soil solution (e value) or plants growing in the soil (l value). the work reported here was conducted to evaluate the distribution coefficient (kd), and the potential phytoavailability (e value) of cobalt (co) in eight soils subjected to the atmospheric deposition of anthropoge ... | 2008 | 18762325 |
| a novel chimeric low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene from the wild relatives of wheat aegilops kotschyi and ae. juvenalis: evolution at the glu-3 loci. | four lmw-m and one novel chimeric (between lmw-i and lmw-m types) low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) genes from aegilops neglecta (uumm), ae. kotschyi (uuss), and ae. juvenalis (ddmmuu) were isolated and characterized. sequence structures showed that the 4 lmw-m-type genes, assigned to the m genome of ae. neglecta, displayed a high homology with those from hexaploid common wheat. the novel chimeric gene, designed as ajklmw-i, was isolated from both ae. kotschyi and ae. juvenalis and ... | 2008 | 18757939 |
| mapping of a bydv resistance gene from thinopyrum intermedium in wheat background by molecular markers. | the wheat line h960642 is a homozygous wheat-thinopyrum intermedium translocation line with resistance to bydv by genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and rflp analysis. the genomic dna of th. intermedium was used as a probe, and common wheat genomic dna as a blocking in gish experiment. the results showed that the chromosome segments of th. intermedium were transferred to the distal end of a pair of wheat chromosomes. rflp analysis indicated that the translocation line h960642 is a t7ds-7dl-7xl ... | 1999 | 18726490 |
| comparative study of symmetric and asymmetric somatic hybridization between common wheat andhaynaldia villosa. | symmetric and asymmetric protoplast fusion between long term cell suspension-derived protoplasts oftriticum aestivum (cv. jinan 177) and protoplasts ofhaynaldia villosa prepared from one-year-old embryogeneric calli was performed by peg method. in asymmetric fusion, donor calli were treated with gamma ray at a dose of 40, 60, 80 gy (1.3 gy/min) respectively and then used to isolate protoplasts. results of morphological, cytological, biochemical (isozyme) and 5s rdna spacer sequence analysis reve ... | 2001 | 18726409 |
| characterization of progenies of triticum aestivum-psathyrostachys juncea derivatives by using genomic in-situ hybridization. | using genomic in-situ hybridization (gish) technique, 7 translocation-addition lines, 6 translocation and translocation-addition lines, 2 ditelosomic addition lines and 1 translocation line were identified from triticum aestivum l. -psathyrostachys juncea (fisch.) nevski intergeneric hybrids, of which translocation-addition and translocation and translocation-addition lines were not found in other reports. no substitutions and disomic additions were detected in the, hybrids and breakages occurre ... | 1997 | 18726291 |
| molecular evidence on maize specific dna fragment transferred into wheat through sexual hybridization. | nearly 100 maize-specific repeated dna clones were screened from a maize random genomic library, and used for rflp analysis of two wheat dh populations from wheat and maize crosses. the result showed that a maize fragment in clone mr64 was transferred into two wheat dh lines, i.e. no. 18 in common wheat dhs and no. 15 in persicum wheat dhs, in which strong hybridization signals were detected. it is first proved at dna level that some maize-specific dna can be transferred into wheat dh progenies ... | 1998 | 18726195 |
| transforming wheat vacuolar invertase into a high affinity sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase. | vacuolar invertases (vis) degrade sucrose to glucose and fructose. additionally, the fructan plant wheat (triticum aestivum) contains different fructosyltransferases (fts), which have evolved from vis by developing the capacity to bind sucrose or fructans as acceptor substrates. modelling studies revealed a hydrogen bonding network in the conserved wmndpng motif of vis, which is absent in fts. in this study, the hydrogen bonding network of wheat vi was disrupted by site-directed mutagenesis in t ... | 2008 | 18721162 |
| effects on genome constitution and novel cell wall formation caused by the addition of 5rs rye chromosome to common wheat. | the cytological instability of common wheat-rye addition lines was investigated in the present study. the chromosome numbers of almost all addition lines were considerably stable, but those of cs + 5r were very variable. the rye chromosome added in this line was found to be much shorter than expected. fluorescent in situ hybridization with 5s rdna and the centromere-specific probes clearly revealed that the short rye chromosome contains only a short arm of chromosome 5r (5rs). in this line, chro ... | 2008 | 18713385 |
| discrimination of repetitive sequences polymorphism in secale cereale by genomic in situ hybridization-banding. | genomic in situ hybridization banding (gish-banding), a technique slightly modified from conventional gish, was used to probe the chinese native rye (secale cereale l.) dna, and enabled us to visualize the individual rye chromosomes and create a universal reference karyotype of the s. cereale chromosome 1r to 7r. the gish-banding approach used in the present study was able to discriminate s. cereale chromosomes or segments in the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) background, including the triticale, ... | 2008 | 18713379 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of high molecular weight glutenin subunit genes 1bx13 and 1by16 from hexaploid wheat. | the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) pair 1bx13 + 1by16are recognized to positively correlate with bread-making quality; however, their molecular data remain unknown. in order to reveal the mechanism by which 1by16 and 1bx13 creates high quality, their open reading frames (orfs) were amplified from common wheat atlas66 and jimai 20 using primers that were designed based on published sequences of hmw glutenin genes. the orf of 1by16 was 2,220 bp, deduced into 738 amino acid residue ... | 2008 | 18713365 |
| relationship between homoeologous regulatory and structural genes in allopolyploid genome - a case study in bread wheat. | the patterns of expression of homoeologous genes in hexaploid bread wheat have been intensively studied in recent years, but the interaction between structural genes and their homoeologous regulatory genes remained unclear. the question was as to whether, in an allopolyploid, this interaction is genome-specific, or whether regulation cuts across genomes. the aim of the present study was cloning, sequence analysis, mapping and expression analysis of f3h (flavanone 3-hydroxylase - one of the key e ... | 2008 | 18700978 |
| [mapping of quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with activity of disulfide reductase and lipoxygenase in grains of durum wheat triticum aestivum l. seeds]. | activity of two enzymes of thiol-disulfide cell metabolism, lipoxygenase (lox, ec 1.13.11.12) and disulfide-reductase (tpdo, ec 1.8.4.2) was studied in recombinant inbred lines of common wheat itmi. their activity in the caryopsis may be connected with the gluten quality, one of the most important traits significant for selection. the activity of lipoxygenase under favorable and droughty environmental conditions was shown to be associated with the quantitative trait locus (qtl) located on chromo ... | 2008 | 18672799 |
| [ph and ion balance in wheat-wheatgrass under salt- or alkali stress]. | different intensities of salt- or alkali stress were established by mixing different concentrations of nacl and na2so4 or nahco3 and na2co3, respectively, and wheat-wheatgrass (triticum aestivum l. -agropyron intermedium) seedlings were grown under the stresses for 12 days. the ph value and the na(+), k(+), free ca(2+), cl(-), so4(2-), no3(-), h2po4(-), and organic acid concentrations in the fresh shoots of stressed wheat-wheatgrass seedlings were determined, aimed to approach the characteristic ... | 2008 | 18655584 |
| comparative proteomic and transcriptional profiling of a bread wheat cultivar and its derived transgenic line overexpressing a low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene in the endosperm. | we carried out a parallel transcriptional and proteomic comparison of seeds from a transformed bread wheat line that overexpresses a transgenic low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene relative to the corresponding nontransformed genotype. proteomic analyses showed that, during seed development, several classes of endosperm proteins were differentially accumulated in the transformed endosperm. as a result of the strong increase in the amount of the transgenic protein, the endogenous glutenin s ... | 2008 | 18655071 |
| earthworms, collembola and residue management change wheat (triticum aestivum) and herbivore pest performance (aphidina: rhophalosiphum padi). | management practices of arable systems determine the distribution of soil organic matter thereby changing decomposer animal activity and their impact on nutrient mineralization, plant growth and plant-herbivore interactions. decomposer-mediated changes in plant growth and insect pest performance were investigated in wheat-aphid model systems in the greenhouse. three types of litter distribution were established: litter patch at the soil surface (simulating mulching), litter patch deeper in soil ... | 2008 | 18654802 |
| heterologous expression of a plastid ef-tu reduces protein thermal aggregation and enhances co2 fixation in wheat (triticum aestivum) following heat stress. | heat stress is a major constraint to wheat production and negatively impacts grain quality, causing tremendous economic losses, and may become a more troublesome factor due to global warming. at the cellular level, heat stress causes denaturation and aggregation of proteins and injury to membranes leading to alterations in metabolic fluxes. protein aggregation is irreversible, and protection of proteins from thermal aggregation is a strategy a cell uses to tolerate heat stress. here we report on ... | 2008 | 18622733 |
| detailed analysis of the expression of an alpha-gliadin promoter and the deposition of alpha-gliadin protein during wheat grain development. | alpha-gliadin proteins are important for the industrial quality of bread wheat flour, but they also contain many epitopes that can trigger celiac (coeliac) disease (cd). the b-genome-encoded alpha-gliadin genes, however, contain very few epitopes. controlling alpha-gliadin gene expression in wheat requires knowledge on the processes of expression and deposition of alpha-gliadin protein during wheat grain development. | 2008 | 18621967 |
| extraction of up to 95% of wheat (triticum aestivum) flour protein using warm sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) without reduction or sonication. | extraction of glutenin polymers without sonication is an essential prerequisite for accurate determination of their composition and molecular size distribution. sequential fractionation of wheat flour with 0.1 m kcl and 0.25% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) at 21 degrees c and 2% sds at 60 degrees c extracted up to 95% of total protein. we propose that 2% sds at 60 degrees c disrupts hydrogen bonds in glutenin and gliadin aggregates, reduces hydrophobic interactions, and facilitates solubilization. ... | 2008 | 18616274 |
| acc homoeoloci and the evolution of wheat genomes. | the dna sequences of wheat acc-1 and acc-2 loci, encoding the plastid and cytosolic forms of the enzyme acetyl-coa carboxylase, were analyzed with a view to understanding the evolution of these genes and the origin of the three genomes in modern hexaploid wheat. acc-1 and acc-2 loci from each of the wheats triticum urartu (a genome), aegilops tauschii (d genome), triticum turgidum (ab genome), and triticum aestivum (abd genome), as well as two acc-2-related pseudogenes from t. urartu were sequen ... | 2008 | 18599450 |
| equilibrium and kinetics of biosorption of cadmium(ii) and copper(ii) ions by wheat straw. | biosorption equilibrium and kinetics of cd(2+) and cu(2+) ions on wheat straw, triticum aestivum, in an aqueous system were investigated. among the models tested, namely the langmuir, freundlich, temkin, and dubinin-radushkevich isotherms, the biosorption equilibrium for both cd(2+) and cu(2+) was best described by the langmuir model. the langmuir biosorption capacity for cd(2+) was about 27% higher than that for cu(2+). it was also found that biosorption of cd(2+) and cu(2+) by wheat straw foll ... | 2009 | 18599289 |
| effects of elevated atmospheric co2 concentrations on the quantitative protein composition of wheat grain. | the continuing increase in atmospheric co 2 concentration is predicted to enhance biomass production and to alter biochemical composition of plant tissues. in the present study, winter wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cv. 'batis') was grown under ambient air (blow, co 2 concentration: 385 mul l (-1)) and free-air co 2 enrichment (face, co 2 concentration: 550 mul l (-1)) and two different nitrogen (n) fertilization levels (normal n supply: n100, 50% of normal n supply: n50). mature kernels were mill ... | 2008 | 18598044 |
| analysis of introgression of aegilops ventricosa tausch. genetic material in a common wheat background using c-banding. | seven triticum aestivum (cv. moisson)-aegilops ventricosa addition lines and four vpm-1 lines were studied by c-banding, and compared with the parental common wheat cultivars marne-desprez (hereafter marne), moisson, and a. ventricosa lines 10 and 11. all of the vpm-1 lines had similar c-banding patterns and carried the same major 5b:7b translocation as the parental marne cultivar. according to the c-banding analysis, the vpm-1 lines carry a complete 7d(7d(v)) chromosome substitution and a trans ... | 2008 | 18597067 |
| effects of as on as uptake, speciation, and nutrient uptake by winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under hydroponic conditions. | a hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arsenic (as) stress on growth, nutrition and as uptake, and speciation in shoots and roots of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). winter wheat has high tolerance to as. most as is accumulated in the roots, and an as concentration of 4,421 mg/kg was observed at a solution concentration of 20 mg/l as. arsenic concentrations in roots were approximately 40-100 times greater than those in shoots. arsenic in winter wheat roots and sh ... | 2008 | 18595400 |
| a chalcone synthase-like gene is highly expressed in the tapetum of both wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and triticale (xtriticosecale wittmack). | a novel anther-specific chalcone synthase-like gene, tachsl1, was isolated and characterized. the tachsl1 transcript was detected only within the tapetum during the "free" and early vacuolated microspore stages in both wheat and triticale. sequence analysis indicated that the 41.8 kda tachsl1 deduced protein belongs to a small distinct group of type iii polyketide synthases that includes angiosperm and gymnosperm orthologs shown to be anther-specific. tachsl1 sequence characteristics and conserv ... | 2008 | 18592248 |
| [characterization of triticum aestivum-dasypyrum villosum germplasms shannong05078]. | a germplasm line shannong05078 was developed from the progenies of am3 x triticum aestivum-dasypyrum villosum amphidiploid, the purpose of this study is to ascertain the genome composition of shannong05078 and then supply wheat breeding with reference. the results showed that shannong05078 was stable in morphology characters and presenting favorable agronomic traits, it was resistant to powdery mildew and rust. its protein content was higher, and the hwm-gs of it was 7+8, 5+10. the chromosome nu ... | 2008 | 18567504 |
| variation for homoeologous gene silencing in hexaploid wheat. | the absence of expression of individual members of a homoeologous set of genes in a polyploid is a well-established phenomenon. however, the extent to which such 'homoeologous silencing' can vary between individual genotypes within a species is unexplored. we have used the single-strand conformation polymorphism assay to identify homoeologue non-expression at 15 single-copy genes across a panel of 16 wheat varieties, representative of the genetic diversity present in modern northern european win ... | 2008 | 18564382 |
| the origin of a "zebra" chromosome in wheat suggests nonhomologous recombination as a novel mechanism for new chromosome evolution and step changes in chromosome number. | an alloplasmic wheat line, ta5536, with the "zebra" chromosome z5a was isolated from an elymus trachycaulus/triticum aestivum backcross derivative. this chromosome was named "zebra" because of its striped genomic in situ hybridization pattern. its origin was traced to nonhomologous chromosome 5a of wheat and 1h(t) of elymus; four chromatin segments were derived from chromosome 1h(t) and five chromatin segments including the centromere from 5a. in this study, our objective was to determine the me ... | 2008 | 18562667 |
| ferulic acid from aleurone determines the antioxidant potency of wheat grain (triticum aestivum l.). | grain is an important source of phytochemicals, which have potent antioxidant capacity. they have been implicated in the beneficial health effect of whole grains in reducing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. the aim of the present study was to identify the most important antioxidant fractions of wheat grain. it was found that the aleurone content of these fractions was highly correlated with the antioxidant capacity of the fractions (r = 0.96, p < 0.0001). ferulic acid appeared to be t ... | 2008 | 18558703 |
| effect of environmental stress during grain filling on the soluble proteome of wheat (triticum aestivum) dough liquor. | the influence of genotype and environment on a soluble wheat dough liquor proteome was studied for four cultivars grown under field conditions and under hot/dry and cool/wet regimes by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry or quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. although the four cultivars had similar patterns, differences in the relative abundances of some components were observed. similarly, some differe ... | 2008 | 18553920 |
| genetic mapping of adult plant leaf rust resistance genes lr48 and lr49 in common wheat. | hypersensitive adult plant resistance genes lr48 and lr49 were named based on their genetic independence of the known adult plant resistance genes. this study was planned to determine genomic locations of these genes. recombinant inbred line populations derived from crosses involving csp44 and vl404, sources of lr48 and lr49, respectively, and the susceptible parent wl711, were used to determine the genomic locations of these genes. bulked segregant analyses were performed using multiplex-ready ... | 2008 | 18542911 |
| quantitative trait loci for resistance to pre-harvest sprouting in us hard white winter wheat rio blanco. | pre-harvest sprouting (phs) of wheat is a major problem that severely limits the end-use quality of flour in many wheat-growing areas worldwide. to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for phs resistance, a population of 171 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was developed from the cross between phs-resistant white wheat cultivar rio blanco and phs-susceptible white wheat breeding line nw97s186. the population was evaluated for phs in three greenhouse experiments and one field experiment. after ... | 2008 | 18542909 |
| wheat genomics: present status and future prospects. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.), with a large genome (16000 mb) and high proportion ( approximately 80%) of repetitive sequences, has been a difficult crop for genomics research. however, the availability of extensive cytogenetics stocks has been an asset, which facilitated significant progress in wheat genomic research in recent years. for instance, fairly dense molecular maps (both genetic and physical maps) and a large set of ests allowed genome-wide identification of gene-rich and gene-poor reg ... | 2008 | 18528518 |
| sir charles edward saunders, dominion cerealist. | charles edward saunders was born in london, ontario, in 1867. his father, sir william saunders, was the first director of the dominion experimental farms (1886-1911). charles received his b.a. with honours in science from the university of toronto in 1888 and his ph.d. in chemistry from johns hopkins university in baltimore, maryland, in 1891. he attempted a career in music, his first love, from 1893 to 1902. with his father, charles attended the 1902 international conference on plant breeding a ... | 2008 | 18521125 |
| mapping of a major locus controlling seed dormancy using backcrossed progenies in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | seed dormancy is an important factor regulating preharvest sprouting (phs) but is a complex trait for genetic analysis. we previously identified a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) controlling seed dormancy on the long arm of chromosome 4a (4al) in common wheat. to transfer the qtl from the dormant lines 'os21-5' and 'leader' into the japanese elite variety 'haruyokoi', which has an insufficient level of seed dormancy, backcrossing was carried out through marker-assisted selection (mas) using ... | 2008 | 18521121 |
| variations of tandem repeat, regulatory element, and promoter regions revealed by wheat-rye amphiploids. | to better understand the evolution of allopolyploids, 4 different combinations between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.) including 12 f1 hybrids and 12 derived amphiploids were analyzed and compared with their direct parental plants by pcr analysis using 150 wheat ssr (single sequence repeat) markers and by fish analysis using a rye-specific repetitive sequence (psc200) as a probe. nine ssr markers amplified rye-specific fragments whose sizes ranged from 471 bp to 1089 bp. ... | 2008 | 18521118 |
| the wheat pkaba1-interacting factor taabf1 mediates both abscisic acid-suppressed and abscisic acid-induced gene expression in bombarded aleurone cells. | to investigate the crosstalk of abscisic acid (aba) and gibberellin (ga) signaling in wheat (triticum aestivum), we have focused on the transcription factor taabf1. taabf1 (a member of the aba response element binding factor family) physically interacts with pkaba1, a signaling component in the aba-suppression of ga-induced gene expression in cereal grains. constitutive expression of taabf1 in aleurone cells of imbibing grains completely eliminated ga-induced expression from the amy32b promoter. ... | 2008 | 18516686 |
| uptake of zn and fe by wheat (triticum aestivum var. greina) and transfer to the grains in the presence of chelating agents (ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). | a way to decrease iron and zinc deficiency in humans is to biofortify foods by increasing the bioavailable contents in these elements. the aim of this work was to study if chelating agents could be used to increase the capture of fe and zn by wheat grains. zn and/or fe in combination with the chelating agents ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (edds) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) were added at various times (i.e., at flower head formation, anthesis, and postanthesis) to spring wheat ( tr ... | 2008 | 18512939 |