| in vitro culture may be the major contributing factor for transgenic versus nontransgenic proteomic plant differences. | identification of differences between genetically modified plants and their original counterparts plays a central role in risk assessment strategy. our main goal was to better understand the relevance of transgene presence, genetic, and epigenetic changes induced by transgene insertion, and in vitro culture in putative unintended differences between a transgenic and its comparator. thus, we have used multiplex fluorescence 2de coupled with ms to characterize the proteome of three different rice ... | 2015 | 25283639 |
| mutation of the rice asl2 gene encoding plastid ribosomal protein l21 causes chloroplast developmental defects and seedling death. | the plastid ribosome proteins (prps) play important roles in plastid protein biosynthesis, chloroplast differentiation and early chloroplast development. however, the specialised functions of individual protein components of the chloroplast ribosome in rice (oryza sativa) remain unresolved. in this paper, we identified a novel rice prp mutant named asl2 (albino seedling lethality 2) exhibiting an albino, seedling death phenotype. in asl2 mutants, the alteration of leaf colour was associated with ... | 2015 | 25280352 |
| rice and cold stress: methods for its evaluation and summary of cold tolerance-related quantitative trait loci. | cold stress adversely affects rice (oryza sativa l.) growth and productivity, and has so far determined its geographical distribution. dissecting cold stress-mediated physiological changes and understanding their genetic causes will facilitate the breeding of rice for cold tolerance. here, we review recent progress in research on cold stress-mediated physiological traits and metabolites, and indicate their roles in the cold-response network and cold-tolerance evaluation. we also discuss criteria ... | 2014 | 25279026 |
| evaluation of the agronomic performance of atrazine-tolerant transgenic japonica rice parental lines for utilization in hybrid seed production. | currently, the purity of hybrid seed is a crucial limiting factor when developing hybrid japonica rice (oryza sativa l.). to chemically control hybrid seed purity, we transferred an improved atrazine chlorohydrolase gene (atza) from pseudomonas adp into hybrid japonica parental lines (two maintainers, one restorer), and nipponbare, by using agrobacterium-mediated transformation. we subsequently selected several transgenic lines from each genotype by using pcr, rt-pcr, and germination analysis. i ... | 2014 | 25275554 |
| photosynthetic diffusional constraints affect yield in drought stressed rice cultivars during flowering. | global production of rice (oryza sativa) grain is limited by water availability and the low 'leaf-level' photosynthetic capacity of many cultivars. oryza sativa is extremely susceptible to water-deficits; therefore, predicted increases in the frequency and duration of drought events, combined with future rises in global temperatures and food demand, necessitate the development of more productive and drought tolerant cultivars. we investigated the underlying physiological, isotopic and morphologi ... | 2014 | 25275452 |
| copper suppresses abscisic acid catabolism and catalase activity, and inhibits seed germination of rice. | although copper (cu) is an essential micronutrient for plants, a slight excess of cu in soil can be harmful to plants. unfortunately, cu contamination is a growing problem all over the world due to human activities, and poses a soil stress to plant development. as one of the most important biological processes, seed germination is sensitive to cu stress. however, little is known about the mechanism of cu-induced inhibition of seed germination. in the present study, we investigated the relationsh ... | 2014 | 25273891 |
| integrated analysis of mirna and mrna expression profiles in response to cd exposure in rice seedlings. | independent transcriptome profile analyses of mirnas or mrnas under conditions of cadmium (cd) stress have been widely reported in plants. however, a combined analysis of srna sequencing expression data with mirna target expression data to infer the relative activities of mirnas that regulate gene expression changes resulting from cd stress has not been reported in rice. to elucidate the roles played by mirnas in the regulation of changes in gene expression in response to cd stress in rice (oryz ... | 2014 | 25273267 |
| a proteomic analysis of rice seed germination as affected by high temperature and aba treatment. | seed germination is a critical phase in the plant life cycle, but the specific events associated with seed germination are still not fully understood. in this study, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry to investigate the changes in the proteome during imbibition of oryza sativa seeds at optimal temperature with or without abscisic acid (aba) and high temperature (germination thermoinhibition) to further identify and quantify key proteins required for seed ge ... | 2015 | 25270993 |
| combined mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling of different pigmented rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds and correlation with antioxidant activities. | nine varieties of pigmented rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds that were black, red, or white were used to perform metabolite profiling by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (uplc-q-tof-ms) and gas chromatography (gc) tof-ms, to measure antioxidant activities. clear grouping patterns determined by the color of the rice seeds were identified in principle component analysis (pca) derived from uplc-q-tof-ms. cyanidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside ... | 2014 | 25268721 |
| spatio-temporal distribution of phenolamides and the genetics of natural variation of hydroxycinnamoyl spermidine in rice. | phenolamides constitute a diverse class of secondary metabolites that are found ubiquitously in plants and have been implicated to play important role in a wide range of biological processes such as plant development and defense. however, spatio-temporal accumulation patterns of phenolamides in rice, one of the most important crops, are not available so far, and no gene responsible for the phenolamides biosynthesis has been identified in this species. in this report, we report here the comprehen ... | 2014 | 25267730 |
| metabolome-genome-wide association study dissects genetic architecture for generating natural variation in rice secondary metabolism. | plants produce structurally diverse secondary (specialized) metabolites to increase their fitness for survival under adverse environments. several bioactive compounds for new drugs have been identified through screening of plant extracts. in this study, genome-wide association studies (gwas) were conducted to investigate the genetic architecture behind the natural variation of rice secondary metabolites. gwas using the metabolome data of 175 rice accessions successfully identified 323 associatio ... | 2015 | 25267402 |
| udp-arabinopyranose mutase 3 is required for pollen wall morphogenesis in rice (oryza sativa). | l-arabinose is one of the main constituents of cell wall polysaccharides such as pectic rhamnogalacturonan i (rg-i), glucuronoarabinoxylans and other glycoproteins. it is found predominantly in the furanose form rather than in the thermodynamically more stable pyranose form. udp-l-arabinofuranose (udp-araf), rather than udp-l-arabinopyranose (udp-arap), is a sugar donor for the biosynthesis of arabinofuranosyl (araf) residues. udp-arabinopyranose mutases (uams) have been shown to interconvert ud ... | 2015 | 25261533 |
| the promoting effects of alginate oligosaccharides on root development in oryza sativa l. mediated by auxin signaling. | alginate oligosaccharides (aos), which are marine oligosaccharides, are involved in regulating plant root growth, but the promotion mechanism for aos remains unclear. here, aos (10-80 mg/l) induced the expression of auxin-related gene (osyucca1, osyucca5, osiaa11 and ospin1) in rice (oryza sativa l.) tissues to accelerate auxin biosynthesis and transport, and reduced indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) oxidase activity in rice roots. these changes resulted in the increase of 37.8% in iaa concentration in ... | 2014 | 25256506 |
| an alternatively spliced heat shock transcription factor, oshsfa2di, functions in the heat stress-induced unfolded protein response in rice. | as sessile organisms, plants have evolved a wide range of defence pathways to cope with environmental stress such as heat shock. however, the molecular mechanism of these defence pathways remains unclear in rice. in this study, we found that oshsfa2d, a heat shock transcriptional factor, encodes two main splice variant proteins, oshsfa2di and oshsfa2dii in rice. under normal conditions, oshsfa2dii is the dominant but transcriptionally inactive spliced form. however, when the plant suffers heat s ... | 2015 | 25255693 |
| grain setting defect1, encoding a remorin protein, affects the grain setting in rice through regulating plasmodesmatal conductance. | effective grain filling is one of the key determinants of grain setting in rice (oryza sativa). grain setting defect1 (gsd1), which encodes a putative remorin protein, was found to affect grain setting in rice. investigation of the phenotype of a transfer dna insertion mutant (gsd1-dominant) with enhanced gsd1 expression revealed abnormalities including a reduced grain setting rate, accumulation of carbohydrates in leaves, and lower soluble sugar content in the phloem exudates. gsd1 was found to ... | 2014 | 25253885 |
| identification and validation of functional markers in a global rice collection by association mapping. | recent results indicate that marker-assisted selection is an effective approach to reduce the cost and to improve the efficacy and accuracy of selection in plant breeding. this study was conducted to identify and validate molecular markers linked to important breeding traits by association mapping. the association was evaluated between 81 molecular markers (sts, ssr, indel, caps, and pcr-based snp) and 15 morphological traits in a global panel of 100 rice (oryza sativa) accessions. the populatio ... | 2014 | 25243661 |
| molecular phylogenetics and comparative modeling of mnsod, an enzyme involved during environmental stress conditions in oryza sativa. | superoxide dismutases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. as such, they are an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen. superoxide dismutase (sod) acts as first line of defense against oxidative and genetic stress. manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod), found in mitochondria or peroxisomes, contains mn (iii) at the active site. the three dimensional structure of mnsod of oryza sativa is not yet availab ... | 2014 | 25239514 |
| zinc deficiency differentially affects redox homeostasis of rice genotypes contrasting in ascorbate level. | zinc (zn) deficiency is an important mineral disorder affecting rice production, and is associated with the formation of oxidative stress in plant tissue. in this study we investigated processes of oxidative stress formation as affected by ascorbate (asa) in two pairs of contrasting rice genotypes: (i) two indica lines differing in field tolerance to zn deficiency and asa metabolism, i.e. ril46 (tolerant) and ir74 (sensitive); (ii) the japonica wild-type nipponbare (tolerant) and the asa deficie ... | 2014 | 25238655 |
| a strategy for genome-wide identification of gene based polymorphisms in rice reveals non-synonymous variation and functional genotypic markers. | the genetic diversity of plants has traditionally been employed to improve crop plants to suit human needs, and in the future feed the increasing population and protect crops from environmental stresses and climate change. genome-wide sequencing is a reality and can be used to make association to crop traits to be utilized by high-throughput marker based selection methods. this study describes a strategy of using next generation sequencing (ngs) data from the rice genome to make comparisons to t ... | 2014 | 25237817 |
| whole-plant growth and n utilization in transgenic rice plants with increased or decreased rubisco content under different co2 partial pressures. | ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) strongly limits photosynthesis at lower co2 concentration [co2] whereas [corrected] rubisco limitation is cancelled by elevated [co2]. therefore, increase or reduction in rubisco content by transformation with a sense or an antisense rbcs construct are expected to alter the biomass production under different co2 levels. rbcs-sense (125% rubisco of wild-type) and -antisense (35% rubisco of wild-type) rice (oryza sativa l.) plants were grow ... | 2014 | 25231963 |
| improved oxidative tolerance in suspension-cultured cells of c4-pepctransgenic rice by h2o2 and ca(2+) under peg-6000. | to understand the molecular responses of pc (overexpressing the maize c4-pepc gene, which encodes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc)), to drought stress at cell level, we analyzed changes in the levels of signaling molecules (hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), calcium ion (ca(2+)), and nitric oxide (no)) in suspension-cultured pc and wild-type (wt) rice (oryza sativa l.) cell under drought stress induced by 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (peg-6000). results demonstrated that pc improved drought toleran ... | 2015 | 25231250 |
| malaysian weedy rice shows its true stripes: wild oryza and elite rice cultivars shape agricultural weed evolution in southeast asia. | weedy rice is a close relative of domesticated rice (oryza sativa) that competes aggressively with the crop and limits rice productivity worldwide. most genetic studies of weedy rice have focused on populations in regions where no reproductively compatible wild oryza species occur (north america, europe and northern asia). here, we examined the population genetics of weedy rice in malaysia, where wild rice (o. rufipogon) can be found growing in close proximity to cultivated and weedy rice. using ... | 2014 | 25231087 |
| targeting mago proteins with a peptide aptamer reinforces their essential roles in multiple rice developmental pathways. | peptide aptamers are artificial short peptides that potentially interfere with the biological roles of their target proteins; however, this technology has not yet been applied to plant functional genomics. mago and y14, the two core subunits of the exon junction complex (ejc), form obligate heterodimers in eukaryotes. in oryza sativa l. (rice), each of the two genes has two homologs, designated osmago1 and osmago2, and osy14a and osy14b, respectively. here, we characterized a 16-amino acida pept ... | 2014 | 25230811 |
| overexpression analysis suggests that fon2-like cle protein1 is involved in rice leaf development. | peptide signaling plays important roles in various developmental processes of plants. genes encoding cle proteins, which are processed into cle signaling peptides, are required for maintenance of the shoot apical meristem and for vascular differentiation. fon2-like cle protein1 (fcp1), a member of the cle gene family, negatively regulates meristem maintenance in both shoot and root apical meristems of rice (oryza sativa). here, we examined the role of fcp1 in leaf development. we found that over ... | 2014 | 25224975 |
| considerations for rice fortification in public health: conclusions of a technical consultation. | fortification of staple foods and commonly used condiments with vitamins and minerals has been considered one of the most cost-effective interventions to prevent and control micronutrient deficiencies. because of its wide local consumption, acceptability, reach, and quantum of consumption, rice (oryza sativa) far exceeds the requirements of a staple food vehicle that can be considered for fortification purposes at a population-level intervention. the world health organization (who) has the manda ... | 2014 | 25224318 |
| positive darwinian selection is a driving force for the diversification of terpenoid biosynthesis in the genus oryza. | terpenoids constitute the largest class of secondary metabolites made by plants and display vast chemical diversity among and within species. terpene synthases (tpss) are the pivotal enzymes for terpenoid biosynthesis that create the basic carbon skeletons of this class. functional divergence of paralogous and orthologous tps genes is a major mechanism for the diversification of terpenoid biosynthesis. however, little is known about the evolutionary forces that have shaped the evolution of plant ... | 2014 | 25224158 |
| fine mapping of qhd1, a minor heading date qtl with pleiotropism for yield traits in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a minor qtl for heading date located on the long arm of rice chromosome 1 was delimitated to a 95.0-kb region using near isogenic lines with sequential segregating regions. heading date and grain yield are two key factors determining the commercial potential of a rice variety. in this study, rice populations with sequential segregating regions were developed and used for mapping a minor qtl for heading date, qhd1. a total of 18 populations in six advanced generations through bc2f6 to bc2f11 were ... | 2014 | 25223543 |
| evaluation of the anti-nitrative effect of plant antioxidants using a cowpea fe-superoxide dismutase as a target. | nitric oxide cytotoxicity arises from its rapid conversion to peroxynitrite (onoo(-)) in the presence of superoxide, provoking functional changes in proteins by nitration of tyrosine residues. the physiological significance of this post-translational modification is associated to tissue injury in animals, but has not been yet clarified in plants. the objective of this study was to establish new approaches that could help to understand onoo(-) reactivity in plants. a recombinant fe-superoxide dis ... | 2014 | 25221924 |
| elemental bioimaging of tissue level trace metal distributions in rice seeds (oryza sativa l.) from a mining area in china. | rice is a staple food and major source of nutrients, but it also bioaccumulates toxic elements. in this study, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (la-icp-ms) was used to determine tissue-level trace metal spatial distribution in rice (oryza sativa) seeds from the active xikuangshan sb mine area in china. whole grain quantified elemental bioimages showed the highest concentration of zn (1755 mg/kg) in the embryo andmicro zones of elevated sb, as, pb, cd as high as 280, 57 ... | 2014 | 25221908 |
| foliar application with nano-silicon alleviates cd toxicity in rice seedlings. | nanofertilizers may be more effective than regular fertilizers in improving plant nutrition, enhancing nutrition use efficiency, and protecting plants from environmental stress. a hydroponic pot experiment was conducted to study the role of foliar application with 2.5 mm nano-silicon in alleviating cd stress in rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv youyou 128) grown in solution added with or without 20 μm cdcl2. the results showed that cd treatment decreased the growth and the contents of mg, fe, z ... | 2015 | 25217281 |
| a detailed analysis of the leaf rolling mutant sll2 reveals complex nature in regulation of bulliform cell development in rice (oryza sativa l.). | bulliform cells are large, thin-walled and highly vacuolated cells, and play an important role in controlling leaf rolling in response to drought and high temperature. however, the molecular mechanisms regulating bulliform cell development have not been well documented. here, we report isolation and characterisation of a rice leaf-rolling mutant, named shallot-like 2 (sll2). the sll2 plants exhibit adaxially rolled leaves, starting from the sixth leaf stage, accompanied by increased photosynthes ... | 2015 | 25213398 |
| rice growth under drought kinase is required for drought tolerance and grain yield under normal and drought stress conditions. | rice (oryza sativa) is the primary food source for more than one-half of the world's population. because rice cultivation is dependent on water availability, drought during flowering severely affects grain yield. here, we show that the function of a drought-inducible receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, named growth under drought kinase (gudk), is required for grain yield under drought and well-watered conditions. loss-of-function gudk mutant lines exhibit sensitivity to salinity, osmotic stress, a ... | 2014 | 25209982 |
| rnase z(s1) processes ubl40 mrnas and controls thermosensitive genic male sterility in rice. | thermosensitive genic male-sterile (tgms) lines, which are male-sterile at restrictive (high) temperatures but male-fertile at permissive (low) temperatures, have been widely used in breeding two-line hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.). here we find that mutation of thermosensitive genic male sterile 5 (tms5) in rice causes the tgms trait through a loss of rnase z(s1) function. we show that rnase z(s1) processes the mrnas of three ubiquitin fusion ribosomal protein l40 (ubl40) genes into multiple fra ... | 2014 | 25208476 |
| genome-wide study of knox regulatory network reveals brassinosteroid catabolic genes important for shoot meristem function in rice. | in flowering plants, knotted1-like homeobox (knox) transcription factors play crucial roles in establishment and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (sam), from which aerial organs such as leaves, stems, and flowers initiate. we report that a rice (oryza sativa) knox gene oryza sativa homeobox1 (osh1) represses the brassinosteroid (br) phytohormone pathway through activation of br catabolism genes. inducible overexpression of osh1 caused br insensitivity, whereas loss of function showed a b ... | 2014 | 25194027 |
| duplicate and conquer: multiple homologs of phosphorus-starvation tolerance1 enhance phosphorus acquisition and sorghum performance on low-phosphorus soils. | low soil phosphorus (p) availability is a major constraint for crop production in tropical regions. the rice (oryza sativa) protein kinase, phosphorus-starvation tolerance1 (ospstol1), was previously shown to enhance p acquisition and grain yield in rice under p deficiency. we investigated the role of homologs of ospstol1 in sorghum (sorghum bicolor) performance under low p. association mapping was undertaken in two sorghum association panels phenotyped for p uptake, root system morphology and a ... | 2014 | 25189534 |
| genome re-sequencing suggested a weedy rice origin from domesticated indica-japonica hybridization: a case study from southern china. | whole-genome re-sequencing of weedy rice from southern china reveals that weedy rice can originate from hybridization of domesticated indica and japonica rice. weedy rice (oryza sativa f. spontanea rosh.), which harbors phenotypes of both wild and domesticated rice, has become one of the most notorious weeds in rice fields worldwide. while its formation is poorly understood, massive amounts of rice genomic data may provide new insights into this issue. in this study, we determined genomes of thr ... | 2014 | 25187076 |
| ossuv3 transgenic rice maintains higher endogenous levels of plant hormones that mitigates adverse effects of salinity and sustains crop productivity. | the suv3 (suppressor of var 3) gene encodes a dna and rna helicase, which is localized in the mitochondria. plant suv3 has not yet been characterized in detail. however, the arabidopsis ortholog of suv3 (at4g14790) has been shown to be involved in embryo sac development. previously, we have reported that rice suv3 functions as dna and rna helicase and provides salinity stress tolerance by maintaining photosynthesis and antioxidant machinery. here, we report further analysis of the transgenic oss ... | 2014 | 25184028 |
| influence of rapeseed cake on heavy metal uptake by a subsequent rice crop after phytoextraction using sedum plumbizincicola. | a glasshouse pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of phytoextraction by sedum plumbizincicola and application of rapeseed cake (rsc) on heavy metal accumulation by a subsequent rice (oryza sativa l.) crop in a contaminated paddy soil collected from east china. after phytoextraction by s. plumbizincicola the soil and brown rice cd concentrations effectively declined. after phytoextraction, rsc application reduced brown rice cd concentrations in the subsequent rice crop to 0.23-0.28 m ... | 2015 | 25174427 |
| molecular dissection of the response of a rice leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (lrr-rlk) gene to abiotic stresses. | leucine-rich repeat (lrr) receptor-like kinase (rlk) proteins play key roles in a variety of biological pathways. in a previous study, we analyzed the members of the rice lrr-rlk gene family using in silico analysis. a total of 23 lrr-rlk genes were selected based on the expression patterns of a genome-wide dataset of microarrays. the oryza sativa gamma-ray induced lrr-rlk1 (osgirl1) gene was highly induced by gamma irradiation. therefore, we studied its expression pattern in response to various ... | 2014 | 25173451 |
| regulation of map kinase signaling cascade by micrornas in oryza sativa. | mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk) pathway is one of the most conserved signaling cascade in plants regulating a plethora of cellular processes including normal growth and development, abiotic and biotic stress responses. the perception of external cues triggers the phosphorylation of three tier mapkkk-mapkk-mapk cascade which finally modifies a downstream substrate thereby regulating the cellular processes. whereas, the transcription regulation by mapks, mediated through their substrates i ... | 2014 | 25167540 |
| trehalose pretreatment induces salt tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings: oxidative damage and co-induction of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. | salinity in the form of abiotic stress adversely effects plant growth, development, and productivity. various osmoprotectants are involved in regulating plant responses to salinity; however, the precise role of trehalose (tre) in this process remains to be further elucidated. the present study investigated the regulatory role of tre in alleviating salt-induced oxidative stress in hydroponically grown rice seedlings. salt stress (150 and 250 mm nacl) for 72 h resulted in toxicity symptoms such as ... | 2015 | 25164029 |
| upregulation of antioxidant enzymes by exogenous gallic acid contributes to the amelioration in oryza sativa roots exposed to salt and osmotic stress. | the aim of this study is to elucidate the influence of the exogenous application of gallic acid (gla) in alleviating the detrimental effects of salinity (nacl), osmotic stress (polyethylene glycol; peg), and their combination in oryza sativa l. roots. to produce same osmotic potential (-0.5 mpa), 3-week-old rice seedlings were treated with 120 mm nacl and/or 20 % peg6000 with/without gla (0.75 and 1.5 mm) treatments for 72 h. both alone and combination of stresses decreased growth (rgr) and osmo ... | 2015 | 25163564 |
| differential activity of rice protein disulfide isomerase family members for disulfide bond formation and reduction. | protein disulfide isomerases (pdis), a family of thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases that are ubiquitous in all eukaryotes, are the principal catalysts for disulfide bond formation. here, we investigated three rice (oryza sativa) pdi family members (pdil1;1, pdil1;4, and pdil2;3) and found that pdil1;1 exhibited the highest catalytic activity for both disulfide bond formation and disulfide bond reduction. the activity of pdil1;1-catalyzed disulfide bond reduction, in which two redox-active sites wer ... | 2014 | 25161881 |
| establishment of the chloroplast genetic system in rice during early leaf development and at low temperatures. | chloroplasts are the central nodes of the metabolic network in leaf cells of higher plants, and the conversion of proplastids into chloroplasts is tightly coupled to leaf development. during early leaf development, the structure and function of the chloroplasts differ greatly from those in a mature leaf, suggesting the existence of a stage-specific mechanism regulating chloroplast development during this period. here, we discuss the identification of the genes affected in low temperature-conditi ... | 2014 | 25157260 |
| the role of a potassium transporter oshak5 in potassium acquisition and transport from roots to shoots in rice at low potassium supply levels. | in plants, k transporter (kt)/high affinity k transporter (hak)/k uptake permease (kup) is the largest potassium (k) transporter family; however, few of the members have had their physiological functions characterized in planta. here, we studied oshak5 of the kt/hak/kup family in rice (oryza sativa). we determined its cellular and tissue localization and analyzed its functions in rice using both oshak5 knockout mutants and overexpression lines in three genetic backgrounds. a β-glucuronidase repo ... | 2014 | 25157029 |
| overexpression of oshma3 enhances cd tolerance and expression of zn transporter genes in rice. | as a member of the heavy metal atpase (hma) family, oshma3 is a tonoplast-localized transporter for cd in the roots of rice (oryza sativa). overexpression of oshma3 selectively reduces cd accumulation in the grain. further characterization in the present study revealed that overexpression of oshma3 also enhances the tolerance to toxic cd. the growth of both the roots and shoots was similar in the absence of cd between an oshma3-overexpressed line and vector control, but the cd-inhibited growth w ... | 2014 | 25151617 |
| rnai-directed downregulation of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (osbadh1) results in decreased stress tolerance and increased oxidative markers without affecting glycine betaine biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa). | as an important osmoprotectant, glycine betaine (gb) plays an essential role in resistance to abiotic stress in a variety of organisms, including rice (oryza sativa l.). however, gb content is too low to be detectable in rice, although rice genome possesses several orthologs coding for betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) involved in plant gb biosynthesis. rice badh1 (osbadh1) has been shown to be targeted to peroxisome and its overexpression resulted in increased gb biosynthesis and tolerance ... | 2014 | 25150410 |
| molecular genetic dissection of quantitative trait loci regulating rice grain size. | grain size is one of the most important factors determining rice yield. as a quantitative trait, grain size is predominantly and tightly controlled by genetic factors. several quantitative trait loci (qtls) for grain size have been molecularly identified and characterized. these qtls may act in independent genetic pathways and, along with other identified genes for grain size, are mainly involved in the signaling pathways mediated by proteasomal degradation, phytohormones, and g proteins to regu ... | 2014 | 25149369 |
| ef8 is involved in photoperiodic flowering pathway and chlorophyll biogenesis in rice. | a dth8/ghd8 allele suppresses flowering by altering the expression patterns of the 'florigen' genes, but also negatively regulates chlorophyll biogenesis. flowering time is a critical agronomic trait determining the growing season, regional adaptation and yield potential in rice (oryza sativa l.). we characterized a mutant named early flowering 8 (ef8) selected from an ethyl methanesulfonate (ems)-treated population of indica cultivar 93-11. it showed earlier flowering, less grains per main pani ... | 2014 | 25142326 |
| selenium modulates mercury uptake and distribution in rice (oryza sativa l.), in correlation with mercury species and exposure level. | rice cultured in hg- and/or se-contaminated fields is an important food source of human hg/se intake. there are elevated hg and se levels in the soil of the wanshan district, guizhou province. here we attempted to explore how a hg antagonist, se, modulates the absorption and accumulation of inorganic mercury (ihg) and methylmercury (mehg) in rice. the effects of se on the content and transportation of hg in hydroponic and soil cultured rice plants were examined. the results show that ihg mainly ... | 2014 | 25142173 |
| the effects of fluctuations in the nutrient supply on the expression of five members of the agl17 clade of mads-box genes in rice. | the anr1 mads-box gene in arabidopsis is a key gene involved in regulating lateral root development in response to the external nitrate supply. there are five anr1-like genes in oryza sativa, osmads23, osmads25, osmads27, osmads57 and osmads61, all of which belong to the agl17 clade. here we have investigated the responsiveness of these genes to fluctuations in nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p) and sulfur (s) mineral nutrient supply. the mads-box genes have been shown to have a range of responses to ... | 2014 | 25140876 |
| α-linolenic acid concentration and not wounding per se is the key regulator of octadecanoid (oxylipin) pathway activity in rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves. | using an in vitro system composed of crushed leaf tissues to simulate the wounding response in rice leaves, we established that synthesis of jasmonic acid (ja) and jasmonic acid-isoleucine (ja-ile) can only occur in unwounded tissue and, in wounded tissue, that only the chloroplast-located section of the octadecanoid pathway is active, resulting in the accumulation of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (opda). we further showed that opda accumulation in vitro was inhibited by 90% using the general lipase ... | 2014 | 25129550 |
| nitrogen limitation and high density responses in rice suggest a role for ethylene under high density stress. | high density stress, also known as intraspecies competition, causes significant yield losses in a wide variety of crop plants. at the same time, increases in density tolerance through selective breeding and the concomitant ability to plant crops at a higher population density has been one of the most important factors in the development of high yielding modern cultivars. | 2014 | 25128291 |
| determination of critical nitrogen dilution curve based on stem dry matter in rice. | plant analysis is a very promising diagnostic tool for assessment of crop nitrogen (n) requirements in perspectives of cost effective and environment friendly agriculture. diagnosing n nutritional status of rice crop through plant analysis will give insights into optimizing n requirements of future crops. the present study was aimed to develop a new methodology for determining the critical nitrogen (nc) dilution curve based on stem dry matter (sdm) and to assess its suitability to estimate the l ... | 2014 | 25127042 |
| unraveling low-level gamma radiation--responsive changes in expression of early and late genes in leaves of rice seedlings at iitate village, fukushima. | in the summer of 2012, 1 year after the nuclear accident in march 2011 at the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant, we examined the effects of gamma radiation on rice at a highly contaminated field of iitate village in fukushima, japan. we investigated the morphological and molecular changes on healthy rice seedlings exposed to continuous low-dose gamma radiation up to 4 µsv h(-1), about 80 times higher than natural background level. after exposure to gamma rays, expression profiles of selected ... | 2015 | 25124817 |
| proteomics study of silver nanoparticles toxicity on oryza sativa l. | the increasing use of silver nanoparticles, (agnps), will inevitably result in their release into the environment and thereby cause the exposure to plants. it was claimed that using agnps is a safe and efficient method to preserve and treat agents of disease in agriculture. this study tries to understand the protein populations and sub-populations and follow up environmental agnps stresses. to accomplish these, the action of homemade spherical agnps colloidal suspension against oryza sativa l. w ... | 2014 | 25124680 |
| [population exposure to mercury in the municipality of san marcos (sucre department) due to eating contaminated rice (oryza sativa)]. | determining the magnitude of mercury exposure in the population living in the municipality of san marcos due to eating contaminate drice (oryza sativa). | 2015 | 25124353 |
| the impact of herbicide-resistant rice technology on phenotypic diversity and population structure of united states weedy rice. | the use of herbicide-resistant (hr) clearfield rice (oryza sativa) to control weedy rice has increased in the past 12 years to constitute about 60% of rice acreage in arkansas, where most u.s. rice is grown. to assess the impact of hr cultivated rice on the herbicide resistance and population structure of weedy rice, weedy samples were collected from commercial fields with a history of clearfield rice. panicles from each weedy type were harvested and tested for resistance to imazethapyr. the maj ... | 2014 | 25122473 |
| responses of super rice (oryza sativa l.) to different planting methods for grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency in the single cropping season. | to break the yield ceiling of rice production, a super rice project was developed in 1996 to breed rice varieties with super high yield. a two-year experiment was conducted to evaluate yield and nitrogen (n)-use response of super rice to different planting methods in the single cropping season. a total of 17 rice varieties, including 13 super rice and four non-super checks (ck), were grown under three n levels [0 (n0), 150 (n150), and 225 (n225) kg ha-1] and two planting methods [transplanting ( ... | 2014 | 25111805 |
| expression profiling of abiotic stress-inducible genes in response to multiple stresses in rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties with contrasting level of stress tolerance. | the present study considered transcriptional profiles and protein expression analyses from shoot and/or root tissues under three abiotic stress conditions, namely, salinity, dehydration, and cold, as well as following exogenous abscisic acid treatment, at different time points of stress exposure in three indica rice varieties, ir-29 (salt sensitive), pokkali, and nonabokra (both salt tolerant). the candidate genes chosen for expression studies were hkt-1, sos-3, nhx-1, sapk5, sapk7, nac-1, rab16 ... | 2014 | 25110688 |
| bac and rna sequencing reveal the brown planthopper resistance gene bph15 in a recombination cold spot that mediates a unique defense mechanism. | brown planthopper (bph, nilaparvata lugens stål), is the most destructive phloem-feeding insect pest of rice (oryza sativa). the bph-resistance gene bph15 has been proved to be effective in controlling the pest and widely applied in rice breeding programs. nevertheless, molecular mechanism of the resistance remain unclear. in this study, we narrowed down the position of bph15 on chromosome 4 and investigated the transcriptome of bph15 rice after bph attacked. | 2014 | 25109872 |
| the rice wuschel-related homeobox genes are involved in reproductive organ development, hormone signaling and abiotic stress response. | the wuschel-related homeobox (wox) genes are important transcription regulators participated in plant development processes. rice (oryza sativa l.) genome encodes at least 13 wox members. in this study, a systematic microarray-based gene expression profiling of eleven wox genes was performed for the whole life cycle of rice at 16 different tissues/organs of mh63 (rice indica cultivar), which included eight reproductive organs and eight vegetative tissues. the results demonstrated that four genes ... | 2014 | 25106855 |
| reducing greenhouse gas emissions, water use, and grain arsenic levels in rice systems. | agriculture is faced with the challenge of providing healthy food for a growing population at minimal environmental cost. rice (oryza sativa), the staple crop for the largest number of people on earth, is grown under flooded soil conditions and uses more water and has higher greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions than most crops. the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that alternate wetting and drying (awd--flooding the soil and then allowing to dry down before being reflooded) water man ... | 2015 | 25099317 |
| immunotoxicity assessment of rice-derived recombinant human serum albumin using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | human serum albumin (hsa) is extensively used in clinics to treat a variety of diseases, such as hypoproteinemia, hemorrhagic shock, serious burn injuries, cirrhotic ascites and fetal erythroblastosis. to address supply shortages and high safety risks from limited human donors, we recently developed recombinant technology to produce hsa from rice endosperm. to assess the risk potential of hsa derived from oryza sativa (osrhsa) before a first-in-human (fih) trial, we compared osrhsa and plasma-de ... | 2014 | 25099245 |
| accumulation of mercury and cadmium in rice from paddy soil near a mercury mine. | paddy soil and rice (oryza sativa l.) in the wanshan mining area in guizhou province, china, have been contaminated by toxic trace metals such as cadmium (cd) and mercury (hg). the present study examined correlations between the types and physicochemical parameters of the soil and the contents of trace metals and the different forms of hg in rice. the health risks of consuming contaminated rice from the wanshan mining area were also assessed. sequential extraction procedures were used to investi ... | 2014 | 25087518 |
| response of plasma membrane h+-atpase in rice (oryza sativa) seedlings to simulated acid rain. | understanding the adaptation of plants to acid rain is important to find feasible approaches to alleviate such damage to plants. we studied effects of acid rain on plasma membrane h(+)-atpase activity and transcription, intracellular h(+), membrane permeability, photosynthetic efficiency, and relative growth rate during stress and recovery periods. simulated acid rain at ph 5.5 did not affect plasma membrane h(+)-atpase activity, intracellular h(+), membrane permeability, photosynthetic efficien ... | 2015 | 25087500 |
| translocation and bioaccumulation of metals in oryza sativa and zea mays growing in chromite-asbestos contaminated agricultural fields, jharkhand, india. | the present study involves the assessment of metals (cr, ni, pb and cd) in contaminated agricultural soil (cas) and abandoned chromite-asbestos waste (cw). high concentrations of cr and ni were found in cw (1,121-2,802 mg cr kg(-1); 985-1,720 mg ni kg(-1)), which cas (1,058-1,242 mg cr kg(-1); 1,002-1,295 mg ni kg(-1)). zea mays and oryza sativa showed significant amounts of metals in root and aerial parts. the primary factors only consider the changes in metal concentrations in soil and plant, ... | 2014 | 25085250 |
| oswrky42 represses osmt1d and induces reactive oxygen species and leaf senescence in rice. | we isolated a rice (oryza sativa l.) wrky gene which is highly upregulated in senescent leaves, denoted oswrky42. analysis of oswrky42-gfp expression and its effects on transcriptional activation in maize protoplasts suggested that the oswrky42 protein functions as a nuclear transcriptional repressor. oswrky42-overexpressing (oswr ky42ox) transgenic rice plants exhibited an early leaf senescence phenotype with accumulation of the reactive oxygen species (ros) hydrogen peroxide and a reduced chlo ... | 2014 | 25081037 |
| meta-analysis of quantitative trait loci for grain yield and component traits under reproductive-stage drought stress in an upland rice population. | a recombinant inbred population developed from a cross between high-yielding lowland rice (oryza sativa l.) subspecies indica cv. ir64 and upland tropical rice subspecies japonica cv. cabacu was used to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for grain yield (gy) and component traits under reproductive-stage drought stress. one hundred fifty-four lines were grown in field trials in indonesia under aerobic conditions by giving surface irrigation to field capacity every 4 days. water stress was im ... | 2014 | 25076836 |
| map-based cloning and characterization of a brown planthopper resistance gene bph26 from oryza sativa l. ssp. indica cultivar adr52. | the brown planthopper (bph) is the most serious insect pest of rice in asia. the indica rice cultivar adr52 carries two bph resistance genes, bph26 (brown planthopper resistance 26) and bph25. map-based cloning of bph26 revealed that bph26 encodes a coiled-coil-nucleotide-binding-site-leucine-rich repeat (cc-nbs-lrr) protein. bph26 mediated sucking inhibition in the phloem sieve element. bph26 was identical to bph2 on the basis of dna sequence analysis and feeding ability of the bph2-virulent bi ... | 2014 | 25076167 |
| an active supercomplex of nadph dehydrogenase mediated cyclic electron flow around photosystem i from the panicle chloroplast of oryza sativa. | chloroplast nad(p)h dehydrogenase-like complex (ndh) plays a crucial role in the protection of plants against oxidative stress. in higher plants, ndh interacts with photosystem i (psi) to form an ndh-psi supercomplex. however, the chloroplast supercomplex with nadph oxidation activity remains to be identified. here, we reported the identification of a supercomplex of ndh with nadph-nitroblue tetrazolium oxidoreductase activity in the chloroplast of rice panicle. the active supercomplex from the ... | 2014 | 25074414 |
| analysis of phosphoproteome in rice pistil. | as the female reproductive part of a flower, the pistil consists of the ovary, style, and stigma, and is a critical organ for the process from pollen recognition to fertilization and seed formation. previous studies on pollen-pistil interaction mainly focused on gene expression changes with comparative transcriptomics or proteomics method. however, studies on protein ptms are still lacking. here we report a phosphoproteomic study on mature pistil of rice. using imac enrichment, hydrophilic inter ... | 2014 | 25074045 |
| comparative metabolomic analysis of wild type and mads3 mutant rice anthers. | rice (oryza sativa l.) mads3 transcription factor regulates the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ros) during late anther development, and one mads3 mutant, mads3-4, has defective anther walls, aborted microspores and complete male sterility. here, we report the untargeted metabolomic analysis of both wild type and mads3-4 mature anthers. mutation of mads3 led to an unbalanced redox status and caused oxidative stress that damages lipid, protein, and dna. to cope with oxidative stress in ma ... | 2014 | 25073727 |
| exogenous ascorbic acid and glutathione alleviate oxidative stress induced by salt stress in the chloroplasts of oryza sativa l. | the effects of exogenous ascorbic acid (asa) and reduced glutathione (gsh) on antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (sod), ascorbate peroxidase (apx), and glutathione reductase (gr)] and the contents of malondialdehyde (mda) and h2o2, as well as of endogenous asa and gsh, in the chloroplasts of two rice cultivars, the salt-tolerant cultivar pokkali and the salt-sensitive cultivar peta, were investigated. exogenous asa and gsh enhanced sod, apx, and gr activities, increased endogeno ... | 2015 | 25069161 |
| role of ethylene signalling in the formation of constitutive aerenchyma in primary roots of rice. | although the extent of aerenchyma (interconnected gas-filled space) formed in the cortex of the roots of some species can be promoted by submergence and ethylene, such roots also form a somewhat less extensive aerenchyma under well-aerated conditions. it has been unclear whether or not ethylene is also involved in promoting this constitutive aerenchyma. to confirm the potential of ethylene to stimulate aerenchyma development and test the possibility that gas regulates constitutive aerenchyma, a ... | 2014 | 25063833 |
| effect of nacl on ionic content and distribution in suspension-cultured cells of the halophyte sonneratia alba versus the glycophyte oryza sativa. | the effect of a high concentration of nacl on the intra- (cytoplasmic matrix and vacuole) and extracellular (cell wall) distribution of na, cl, k, mg, ca, s, and p was investigated in suspension-cultured cells of the mangrove halophyte sonneratia alba and compared to cultured cells of glycophytic rice (oryza sativa). no significant differences were observed in ultrastructural features of cluster cells of both species cultured with and without 50mm nacl. quantitative x-ray microanalysis of cryose ... | 2014 | 25062529 |
| comprehensive gene expression analysis of the dna (cytosine-5) methyltransferase family in rice (oryza sativa l.). | cytosine dna methylation is a conserved epigenetic regulatory mechanism in both plants and animals. dna methyltransferases (dna mtases) not only initiate (de novo) but also maintain the process of dna methylation. here, we characterized the genome-wide expression profiles of 10 cytosine dna mtase genes belonging to 4 subfamilies, met1, cmt, dnmt2, and drm, in rice. tissue-specific gene expression analysis showed that all family members varied widely in their expression and specificities and migh ... | 2014 | 25061741 |
| the organelle-focused proteomes and interactomes in rice. | protein subcellular localization has been a long-standing key problem in investigating proteins' function, which provides important clues for revealing their functions and aids in understanding their interactions with other biomolecules at the cellular level. here, we systematically defined the organelle-focused proteomes and interactomes in oryza sativa. a total of 83.42% of the whole rice proteome obtained their subcellular localizations based on manual annotation, manual adjustment and predic ... | 2014 | 25059325 |
| toward better annotation in plant metabolomics: isolation and structure elucidation of 36 specialized metabolites from oryza sativa (rice) by using ms/ms and nmr analyses. | metabolomics plays an important role in phytochemical genomics and crop breeding; however, metabolite annotation is a significant bottleneck in metabolomic studies. in particular, in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (ms)-based metabolomics, which has become a routine technology for the profiling of plant-specialized metabolites, a substantial number of metabolites detected as ms peaks are still not assigned properly to a single metabolite. oryza sativa (rice) is one of the most important ... | 2014 | 25057267 |
| [phytotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles to metabolic activity in the roots of rice]. | to study the toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (cuo nps) on plant growth, the physiological and biochemical activities of rice (oryza sativa l. ) seedlings were detected under different kinds of treatments (cuo nps suspension, cuo bps suspension and cuso4 .5h2o solution), using distilled water (d h20) culture as contrast. the results showed that the response of rice roots to four treatments was very different. after treated with cuo nps suspension, the rice roots were seriously damaged, the ... | 2014 | 25055694 |
| [input and distribution of rice photosynthesized carbon in the tillering stage under different nitrogen application following continuous 13c labeling]. | the input of rice-photosynthesized carbon (c) into soil plays an important role in soil c cycling. a 13c-labelled microcosm experiment was carried out to quantify the input of photosynthesized c into soil c pools in a rice-soil system during the tillering stage. growing rice (oryza sativa l. ) was continuously fed with 13c-labeled co, ( c-co, ) in a closed chamber without nitrogen (no), or at different rates of n supply (n10,n20, n30, n40 or n60). the results showed that there were significant d ... | 2014 | 25055689 |
| mping: the bursting transposon. | though transposable elements (tes) have been considered as an efficient source of evolution, it has never been possible to test this hypothesis because most of te insertions had occurred millions of years ago, or because currently active tes have very few copies in a host genome. however, mping, the first active dna transposon in rice, was revealed to hold a key to answer this question. mping has attained high copy numbers and still retained very high activity in a traditional rice strain, which ... | 2014 | 25053919 |
| alleviation of aluminium-induced cell rigidity by overexpression of ospin2 in rice roots. | al-induced cell rigidity is one of the symptoms of al toxicity, but the mechanism by which plants tolerate this toxicity is still unclear. in this study, we found that overexpression of ospin2, an auxin transporter gene, could alleviate al-induced cell rigidity in rice root apices. a freeze-thawing experiment showed that the al-treated roots of wild-type (wt) plants had more damage in the epidermal and outer cortex cells than that found in lines overexpressing ospin2 (oxs), and the freeze-disrup ... | 2014 | 25053643 |
| effects of high hydrostatic pressure treatment on the enhancement of functional components of germinated rough rice (oryza sativa l.). | this study was performed to evaluate the enhancement of functional components of germinated rough rice. rough rice was germinated at 37 °c for 6 days, and subjected to a high hydrostatic pressure treatment (hpt) at 30 mpa for 24 h (hp24) and 48 h (hp48). germinated rough rice without hpt (hp0), hp24, and hp48 were analysed for their functional components. the highest γ-aminobutyric acid, total arabinoxylan, and tricin 4'-o-(threo-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether contents were 121.21 mg/100g, 10.6%, and ... | 2015 | 25053032 |
| modulation of amylose content by structure-based modification of osgbss1 activity in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the rice waxy (wx) gene encodes granule-bound starch synthase 1 (ec 2.4.1.242), osgbss1, which is responsible for amylose synthesis in rice seed endosperm. in this study, we determined the functional contribution of eight amino acids on the activity of osgbss1 by introducing site-directed mutated wx gene constructs into the wx mutant glutinous rice. the eight amino acid residues are suspected to play roles in osgbss1 structure maintenance or function based on homologous enzyme sequence alignment ... | 2014 | 25052102 |
| physiological and molecular level effects of silver nanoparticles exposure in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | the physiological and molecular level changes of silver nanoparticles (agnps) exposure were investigated in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. the seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of (0, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg l(-1)) agnps for one week. significant reduction in root elongation, shoot and root fresh weights, total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents were observed. exposure to 0.5 and 1 mg l(-1) of agnps caused significant increase in hydrogen peroxide formation and lipid peroxidation ... | 2014 | 25048895 |
| heterologous expression of ceratophyllum demersum phytochelatin synthase, cdpcs1, in rice leads to lower arsenic accumulation in grain. | recent studies have identified rice (oryza sativa) as a major dietary source of inorganic arsenic (as) and poses a significant human health risk. the predominant model for plant detoxification of heavy metals is complexation of heavy metals with phytochelatins (pcs), synthesized non-translationally by pc synthase (pcs) and compartmentalized in vacuoles. in this study, in order to restrict as in the rice roots as a detoxification mechanism, a transgenic approach has been followed through expressi ... | 2014 | 25048298 |
| identification of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-binding proteins by heparin-agarose affinity purification and ltq orbitrap ms in oryza sativa. | inositol 1,4,5-trisphosohate (ip3 ) and its receptors play a pivotal role in calcium signal transduction in mammals. however, no homologs of mammalian ip3 receptors have been found in plants. in this study, we isolated the microsomal fractions from rice cells in suspension culture and further obtained putative ip3 -binding proteins by heparin-agarose affinity purification. the ip3 -binding activities of these protein fractions were determined by [(3) h] ip3 -binding assay. sds-page and ms analys ... | 2014 | 25047511 |
| protective roles of nitric oxide on seed germination and seedling growth of rice (oryza sativa l.) under cadmium stress. | nitric oxide (no) is a bioactive molecule in plants which mediates a variety of physiological processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses including heavy metals. in the present study, the effects of exogenous no donor sodium nitroprusside (snp) on rice seed germination and seedlings growth were investigated under cd stress and a possible mechanism was postulated. the results indicated that 100μm cd significantly decreased rice seed germination index, vigor index, root and shoot length ... | 2014 | 25046853 |
| bacterial-induced expression of rab18 protein in orzya sativa salinity stress and insights into molecular interaction with gtp ligand. | in the present research, we have studied the inoculation effects of two root-associated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) in rice and provide the pieces of evidence that the inoculation of the pgpr could potentially result in inducing the expression of the salt stress-related rab18 plant gene under varying degrees of salinity stress. the sequenced putative gene of rab18 of oryza sativa in this study is 740 bp long, has a content of 44.4%, and a molecular weight of 492 102.00 da. blast ... | 2014 | 25042706 |
| rcn1/osabcg5, an atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter, is required for hypodermal suberization of roots in rice (oryza sativa). | suberin is a complex polymer composed of aliphatic and phenolic compounds. it is a constituent of apoplastic plant interfaces. in many plant species, including rice (oryza sativa), the hypodermis in the outer part of roots forms a suberized cell wall (the casparian strip and/or suberin lamellae), which inhibits the flow of water and ions and protects against pathogens. to date, there is no genetic evidence that suberin forms an apoplastic transport barrier in the hypodermis. we discovered that a ... | 2014 | 25041515 |
| the regulatory network mediated by circadian clock genes is related to heterosis in rice. | exploitation of heterosis in rice (oryza sativa l.) has contributed greatly to global food security. in this study, we generated three sets of reciprocal f1 hybrids of indica and japonica subspecies to evaluate the relationship between yield heterosis and the circadian clock. there were no differences in trait performance or heterosis between the reciprocal hybrids, indicating no maternal effects on heterosis. the indica-indica and indica-japonica reciprocal f1 hybrids exhibited pronounced heter ... | 2015 | 25040350 |
| peroxisomal apx knockdown triggers antioxidant mechanisms favourable for coping with high photorespiratory h2 o2 induced by cat deficiency in rice. | the physiological role of peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidases (papx) is unknown; therefore, we utilized papx4 knockdown rice and catalase (cat) inhibition to assess its role in cat compensation under high photorespiration. papx4 knockdown induced co-suppression in the expression of papx3. the rice mutants exhibited metabolic changes such as lower cat and glycolate oxidase (go) activities and reduced glyoxylate content; however, apx activity was not altered. cat inhibition triggered different chang ... | 2015 | 25039271 |
| production of functional human vascular endothelial growth factor(165) in transgenic rice cell suspension cultures. | vascular endothelial growth factors (vegfs) are secreted by tumor cells and other cells exposed to hypoxia, and play a critical role in the development and differentiation of the vascular system. in this study, we investigated the production of functional recombinant human vegf165 (rhvegf165) in transgenic rice cell suspension culture. complementary dna was synthesized from human leukemia hl60 cells and cloned into expression vectors under the control of the rice α-amylase 3d (ramy3d) promoter. ... | 2014 | 25039061 |
| identification of 23 novel conserved micrornas in three rice cultivars. | plant micrornas (mirnas) play important roles as modulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. previous studies have shown that high-throughput sequencing is a powerful tool for the identification of mirnas, and it is believed that many more mirnas remain to be discovered. here, we found 23 novel conserved mirnas from three rice cultivars by high-throughput sequencing and further identified these through subsequent cloning and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ( ... | 2014 | 25038275 |
| alternation of antioxidative enzyme gene expression in rice seedlings exposed to methylene blue. | hydroponic experiments were conducted with rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv. nd1) exposed to methylene blue (mb) to investigate the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and activities and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. results showed that a linear decrease in relative growth rate and water use efficiency was observed with rice seedlings with increasing mb concentrations. mb-induced accumulation of h2o2 was evident in both roots and shoots. the activities of antioxidative enzymes w ... | 2014 | 25037098 |
| biochemical analyses of ppgpp effect on adenylosuccinate synthetases, key enzymes in purine biosynthesis in rice. | the ppgpp-signaling system functions in plant chloroplasts. in bacteria, a negative effect of ppgpp on adenylosuccinate synthetase (adss) has been suggested. our biochemical analysis also revealed rice adss homologs are apparently sensitive to ppgpp. however, further investigation clarified that this phenomenon is cancelled by the high substrate affinity to the enzymes, leading to a limited effect of ppgpp on adenylosuccinate synthesis. | 2014 | 25036129 |
| crystal structure of α-amylase from oryza sativa: molecular insights into enzyme activity and thermostability. | amyi-1 is an α-amylase from oryza sativa (rice) and plays a crucial role in degrading starch in various tissues and at various growth stages. this enzyme is a glycoprotein with an n-glycosylated carbohydrate chain, a unique characteristic among plant α-amylases. in this study, we report the first crystal structure of amyi-1 at 2.2-å resolution. the structure consists of a typical (β/α)8-barrel, which is well-conserved among most α-amylases in the glycoside hydrolase family-13. structural superim ... | 2014 | 25036124 |
| structural determination of elicitors in sogatella furcifera (horváth) that induce japonica rice plant varieties (oryza sativa l.) to produce an ovicidal substance against s. furcifera eggs. | certain japonica rice plant varieties (oryza sativa l.) show resistance to the eggs of the white backed planthopper (sogatella furcifera horváth) by the formation of watery lesions and production of benzyl benzoate, an active ovicidal compound. benzyl benzoate results in high ovicidal activity of s. furcifera eggs and reduces egg hatchability. the production of benzyl benzoate by the rice plants is only induced by an unknown elicitor(s) from the female s. furcifera. therefore, we tried to isolat ... | 2014 | 25036116 |
| direct phosphorylation and activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase by a calcium-dependent protein kinase in rice. | the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) is a pivotal point of convergence for many signaling pathways in eukaryotes. in the classical mapk cascade, a signal is transmitted via sequential phosphorylation and activation of mapk kinase kinase, mapk kinase (mkk), and mapk. the activation of mapk is dependent on dual phosphorylation of a txy motif by an mkk, which is considered the sole kinase to phosphorylate and activate mapk. here, we report a novel regulatory mechanism of mapk phosphorylation ... | 2014 | 25035404 |