| biochemical effects of lead, zinc, and cadmium from mining on fish in the tri-states district of northeastern oklahoma, usa. | we assessed the exposure of fish from the spring and neosho rivers in northeast oklahoma, usa, to lead, zinc, and cadmium from historical mining in the tri-states mining district (tsmd). fish (n = 74) representing six species were collected in october 2001 from six sites on the spring and neosho rivers influenced to differing degrees by mining. additional samples were obtained from the big river, a heavily contaminated stream in eastern missouri, usa, and from reference sites. blood from each fi ... | 2005 | 16117126 |
| gill modifications in the freshwater fish cyprinus carpio after subchronic exposure to simazine. | | 2005 | 16094895 |
| behavioral and clinical pathology changes in koi carp (cyprinus carpio) subjected to anesthesia and surgery with and without intra-operative analgesics. | fish surgery is becoming increasingly common in laboratory and clinical settings. behavioral and physiologic consequences of surgical procedures may affect experimental results, so these effects should be defined and, if possible, ameliorated. we document behavioral and clinical pathology changes in koi carp (cyprinus carpio) undergoing surgery with tricaine methanesulphonate (ms-222) anesthesia, with and without intraoperative administration of the opiate butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg intramuscularly) ... | 2005 | 16089168 |
| alpha2-macroglobulin in the marine fish sparus aurata. | the alpha2-macroglobulin proteinase inhibitors (alpha2ms) are a family of plasma proteins with the unique ability to inhibit a broad spectrum of proteinases, but are also known as binding proteins for many growth factors and cytokines, including growth hormone and members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. a partial cdna (475 amino acids) encoding the c-terminus of alpha2m was cloned from the liver of the marine teleostean fish sparus aurata. the deduced amino acid sequence of t ... | 2005 | 16054852 |
| the toxicokinetics of cadmium in carp under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. | temporal depletion of oxygen, i.e. hypoxic events, frequently occurs in natural waters. it has been suggested that accumulation of micro-pollutants increases in aquatic animals as a result of an increased ventilation rate during such occasions. the observed increased toxicity under hypoxia of micro-pollutants may support this hypothesis, but for heavy metals the available uptake studies are contradictory. the present study tests whether accumulation of cadmium in common carp, cyprinus carpio (l. ... | 2005 | 16046241 |
| comparative evaluation of the alkaline comet assay with the micronucleus test for genotoxicity monitoring using aquatic organisms. | a comparative analysis between the in vivo comet assay and the in vivo micronucleus test (mnt) was carried out in three aquatic organisms suitable for genotoxicity monitoring, carp (cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and clam (spisula sachalinensis), using a direct-acting mutagen, n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng), and an indirect mutagen, benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p). by optimizing the conditions for cell isolation, gill and liver (or digestive glands) were selected as t ... | 2006 | 16026836 |
| discovery of a novel immunoglobulin heavy chain gene chimera from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | in fish, two types of immunoglobulin heavy chain (igh) genes, namely, igm and igd, have been cloned and characterized. recently, a new igh isotype specific to teleosts had been identified from zebra fish, rainbow trout, and fugu. in zebra fish, the domains of this new gene are present upstream of the mu region along the igh locus. during this study, a novel igh chimera (igm-igz) has been discovered from common carp. the cloned cdna encodes a typical leader peptide, a variable region, two constan ... | 2005 | 16025325 |
| modelling energetic costs of fish swimming. | the oxygen consumption rates of two cyprinid fishes, carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and roach (rutilus rutilus (l.)), were analysed for a wide range of body mass and swimming speed by computerized intermittent-flow respirometry. bioenergetic models were derived, based on fish mass (m) and swimming speed (u), to predict the minimal speed and mass-specific active metabolic rate (amr) in these fishes (amr=ambuc). mass and speed together explained more than 90% of the variance in total swimming costs in ... | 2005 | 16013050 |
| [microsatellite marker analysis of genetic variation between the allotetraploid crucian-carp and their original parents]. | twelve individuals from the allotetraploid crucian-carp,common carp, and red crucian carp were analyzed by using 32 pairs microsatellite primers of the poly (ca) type which were isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) by crooijmans et al. electrophoretogram patterns showed that 15 pairs of microsatellite primers reproducibly produced the well-identifiable bands. the number of alleles per marker varied from 1 to 8, and the size of alleles ranged from 100 bp to 420 bp. the genetic similarit ... | 2005 | 16011029 |
| multiple and highly divergent il-11 genes in teleost fish. | interleukin-11 (il-11) is a key cytokine in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors and is also involved in bone formation, adipogenesis, and protection of mucosal epithelia. despite this prominent role in diverse physiological processes, il-11 has been described in only four mammalian species, and recently, in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). here we report the presence of il-11 in common carp (cyprinus carpio), a bony fish species related to zebrafi ... | 2005 | 16003467 |
| hypocorticism and interrenal hyperplasia are not directly related to masculinization in xx mas(-1)/mas(-1) carp, cyprinus carpio. | this study reports on a homozygous xx male strain of common carp (e5), which fail to mount a normal cortisol stress response. earlier classical genetic analysis had indicated that masculinization of e5 fish was caused by a putative recessive mutation (mas(-1)/mas(-1)). hypocorticism in e5 fish was studied to investigate if it was related to masculinization. head-kidney tissues isolated from e5 fish showed a low cortisol-producing capacity in vitro, and also demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to ... | 2005 | 15993106 |
| concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc in fish from mining-influenced waters of northeastern oklahoma: sampling of blood, carcass, and liver for aquatic biomonitoring. | the tri-states mining district (tsmd) of missouri (mo), kansas (ks), and oklahoma (ok), usa, was mined for lead (pb) and zinc (zn) for more than a century. mining ceased more than 30 years ago, but wastes remain widely distributed in the region, and there is evidence of surface- and groundwater contamination in the spring river-neosho river (sr-nr) system of northeastern ok. in october 2001, we collected a total of 74 fish from six locations in the sr-nr system that included common carp (cyprinu ... | 2005 | 15981034 |
| characterization of glial fibrillary acidic protein and astroglial architecture in the brain of a continuously growing fish, the rainbow trout. | unlike mammals, some fish, including carp and trout, have a continuously growing brain. the glial architecture of teleost brain has been intensively studied in the carp and few data exist on trout brain. in this study, using immunoblotting we characterized the topographic distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) in larval and adult rainbow trout brain and studied by immunohistochemistry the distribution and morphology of gfap-immunoreactive cell systems in the rainbow trout hindbra ... | 2008 | 15967744 |
| rag expression identifies b and t cell lymphopoietic tissues during the development of common carp (cyprinus carpio). | the generation of lymphoid cells during carp development was studied by analyzing expression of the recombination activating genes (rag) using in situ hybridization and real time quantitative pcr. these data were combined with immunohistochemistry using the mab's wcl9 (cortical thymocytes) and wci12 (b cells). carp rag-1 and rag-2 showed 90 and 89% amino acid identity, respectively, to the corresponding zebrafish sequences. rag-1 was first expressed in the thymus at 4 days post-fertilization (dp ... | 2005 | 15967501 |
| immunisation of fish by bath immersion using ultrasound. | ultrasonic irradiations (usi) as a means to open routes in the skin, thus facilitating the transdermal delivery of vaccines that will improve the effectiveness of vaccination by immersion, are reviewed in this paper. based on our recent results in goldfish and carp it could be summarized that: (i) usi significantly improved the antigen uptake and enhanced antibody response; (ii) the requirements for high antigen concentrations, which are needed for simple bath immersion, could be considerably re ... | 2005 | 15962476 |
| identification of expressed genes in carp (cyprinus carpio) head kidney cells after in vitro treatment with immunostimulants. | we analysed a total of 530 expressed genes from the head kidney cells of common carp (cyprinus carpio) treated by immunostimulants. sequences of the cdna clones were compared with sequences in the genbank database. immune-related genes identified after in vitro stimulation of carp head kidney cells were: bpi/lbp, c-type lectins, fucolectins, cc-chemokine, cxc-chemokine, cd18, cyclophilin, fcgammar, g-csfr, hsp 70, ig heavy and light chains, nitr, integrin beta2-alpha, mx, interleukin-1beta, beta ... | 2005 | 15962469 |
| in vivo evoked specific cell mediated cytotoxicity in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) uses mainly a perforin/granzyme-like pathway. | a specific cytotoxicity assay has been developed for carp using the epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cell line as target cells and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) as read out system. non-specific cytotoxicity against epc was not observed, but animals immunized with epc clearly showed specific killing by effector cells present in kidney, blood and spleen. this killing was strongly calcium dependent, suggesting the utilization of a perforin/granzyme-like pathway. however, blocking wi ... | 2006 | 15916904 |
| bioaccumulation studies of organochlorinated pesticides in tissues of cyprinus carpio. | freshwater fish cyprinus carpio was selected for the study of bioaccumulation of organochlorinated pesticides in tissues like gills, muscle, intestine, kidney, and liver in a continuous fed system. the pesticides used were aldrin, dieldrin, bhc, and ddt. the bioaccumulation of dieldrin was maximum of 85.0 microg g(-1) wet weight in liver tissue while minimum of 7.30 microg g(-1) wet weight for ddt at 30 days exposure time. bioconcentration factor (bcf) has followed the same trend in liver tissue ... | 2005 | 15913013 |
| glycosylation is essential for translocation of carp retinol-binding protein across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. | retinoid transport is well characterized in many vertebrates, while it is still largely unexplored in fish. to study the transport and utilization of vitamin a in these organisms, we have isolated from a carp liver cdna library retinol-binding protein, its plasma carrier. the primary structure of carp retinol-binding protein is very conserved, but presents unique features compared to those of the correspondent proteins isolated and characterized so far in other species: it has an uncleavable sig ... | 2005 | 15910754 |
| fish community characterization in two stretches upstream and downstream of the lambro river confluence with the po river. | this study aimed to characterize the fish community in two stretches of the po river, upstream and downstream of the lambro river confluence, to verify the environmental effects of the presence of endocrine disrupters (eds). more than 5000 specimens were captured, identified at the species level, and recorded for biometric parameters. plasma, liver, and gonad fragments were sampled for histological and biochemical analyses. few specimens belonging to carp and barbel showed gonads with the concom ... | 2005 | 15891083 |
| regulation of the stress response in early vertebrates. | the acute stress response is a key regulatory system for the maintenance of homeostatic equilibrium that is activated upon an imminent or ongoing disturbance of the "milieu interieur". in general, the stress response in bony fish is similar to that of mammals. the recent cloning and characterization of corticotropin-releasing hormone-binding protein (crh-bp) in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) reflects the conservation of the crh signaling system throughout vertebrates. now, we can start to investigate ... | 2005 | 15891057 |
| in vivo and in vitro exposures of carp and carp tissues to graded concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals. | the objective of this study was to correlate morphological and biochemical parameters of reproductive activity in fish exposed to graded concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals. two-year-old carps were exposed for two weeks to graded concentrations of ethynyl-estradiol, tamoxifen, and flutamide. for each chemical, morphological alterations of the gonads and liver were described according to biomarker and sex steroid levels. in parallel, isolated follicular cells (fcs) and testis fragmen ... | 2005 | 15891032 |
| acth, alpha-msh, and control of cortisol release: cloning, sequencing, and functional expression of the melanocortin-2 and melanocortin-5 receptor in cyprinus carpio. | cortisol release from fish head kidney during the acute phase of the stress response is controlled by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) from the pituitary pars distalis (pd). alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and beta-endorphin, from the pars intermedia (pi), have been implicated in cortisol release during the chronic phase. the present study addresses the regulation of cortisol release by acth and alpha-msh in common carp (cyprinus carpio) and includes characterization of th ... | 2005 | 15890786 |
| phylogeny and ontogeny of fish leucocytes. | in contrast to higher vertebrates, most fish species hatch at the embryonic stage of life. consequently, they have to defend against a variety of micro-organisms living in their aquatic environment. this paper is focussed on the development of leucocytes functioning within this early innate system and later on in the acquired immune system (b and t cells). most of the data are derived from cyprinid fish (zebrafish, carp), which are excellent models to study early ontogeny. attention is also paid ... | 2005 | 15890532 |
| concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, selenium, and zinc in fish from the mississippi river basin, 1995. | fish were collected in late 1995 from 34 national contaminant biomonitoring program (ncbp) stations and 12 national water quality assessment program (nawqa) stations in the mississippi river basin (mrb), and in late 1996 from a reference site in west virginia. the ncbp sites represented key points (dams, tributaries, etc.) in the largest rivers of the mrb. the nawqa sites were typically on smaller rivers and were selected to represent dominant land uses in their watersheds. the west virginia sit ... | 2004 | 15887377 |
| uncoupling protein 1 in fish uncovers an ancient evolutionary history of mammalian nonshivering thermogenesis. | uncoupling proteins (ucps) increase proton leakage across the inner mitochondrial membrane. thereby, ucp1 in brown adipose tissue dissipates proton motive force as heat. this mechanism of nonshivering thermogenesis is considered as a monophyletic trait of endothermic placental mammals that emerged about 140 million years ago and provided a crucial advantage for life in the cold. the paralogues ucp2 and ucp3 are probably not thermogenic proteins but convey mild uncoupling, which may serve to redu ... | 2005 | 15886331 |
| four types of smad4 found in the common carp, cyprinus carpio. | smad4 is defined as the common-mediator smad (co-smad) required for transducing signals for all transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta) superfamily members. in this study, we have isolated eight distinct smad4 full-length cdnas from the common carp (cyprinus carpio). these cdnas were classified into four types and each type consisted of two subtypes. the eight cdnas encoded four distinct proteins ranging from 505aa to 568aa in size, with close similarities in the mad homology 1 and 2 (mh1 and ... | 2005 | 15880772 |
| nitric oxide release is induced by dopamine during illumination of the carp retina: serial neurochemical control of light adaptation. | several lines of indirect evidence have suggested that nitric oxide may play an important role during light adaptation of the vertebrate retina. we aimed to verify directly the effect of light on nitric oxide release in the isolated carp retina and to investigate the relationship between nitric oxide and dopamine, an established neuromodulator of retinal light adaptation. using a biochemical nitric oxide assay, we found that steady or flicker light stimulation enhanced retinal nitric oxide produ ... | 2005 | 15869516 |
| the effects of 3-methylcholanthrene on lymphocyte proliferation in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | the sensitivity of lymphocyte proliferation as bioindicator of pollution stress was evaluated in the common carp (cyrinus carpio l.). the time course response of peripheral blood leukocyte proliferation in response or not to mitogens was measured from 1 to 7 days after peritoneal injection of 3-methylcholantrene (3-mc), and compared to the time course response of a highly sensitive biomarker, induction of cytochrome p450. 3-methylcholanthrene (40 mg kg(-1)) inhibited both b- and t-lymphocyte pro ... | 2005 | 15863259 |
| transferrin and antiproteases are major proteins of common carp seminal plasma. | | 2005 | 15863018 |
| comparison of respiratory burst activity of inflammatory neutrophils in ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) and carp (cyprinus carpio). | neutrophils of ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) were previously shown to have unusually high respiratory burst activity (rba). to understand this unique character of ayu neutrophils, the rbas of resting and inflammatory neutrophils of ayu and carp (cyprinus carpio) were compared. inflammation was induced in the peritoneal cavity by injecting killed-bacteria. the rba of peritoneal-exudate (inflammatory) neutrophils was measured after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (pma). resting neutrophi ... | 2005 | 15863016 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationships for the toxicity of substituted benzenes to cyprinus carpio. | to measure the 96h-lc50 values of 32 substituted benzenes to the carp and to study the relationship between quantitative structure-activity and structural parameters of chemicals. | 2005 | 15861779 |
| first ovarian maturity and recovery response in common carp, cyprinus carpio after exposure to carbofuran. | the present study embodies the observations on duration (45, 75 and 105 days) dependent effects of toxicologically low concentration (16 ppm) of a carbamate pesticide, carbofuran, on first ovarian maturity with correlative recovery response by withdrawal of treatment for 30 days in virgin yearlings of common carp, cyprinus carpio var. communis. in control fish histological organization of ovary and changes in gonado-somatic index (gsi) revealed the initiation of oocyte differentiation and develo ... | 2004 | 15847330 |
| [construction and characteristics analysis of somatic cell lines from common carp cyprinus carpio]. | epithelia of rostral side and fins from common carp were taken to culture in vitro. as a result, cells of tail fins were successfully passed from generation to generation, and constructed cell lines. during the culture procedure, the passage cells were observed and their biological characteristics were analyzed, which consist of morphologic analysis, drawing of growth curve, detection of producing rate for clones, insight of adaptation to temperatures, calculation of chromosomes and investigatio ... | 2005 | 15839211 |
| protection of cultured cyprinus carpio against a lethal viral disease by an attenuated virus vaccine. | massive mortality of koi and common carp--cyprinus carpio species--has been observed since 1998 in many countries worldwide, resulting in severe economic losses. the cause of the disease is an as yet unclassified large dna virus, designated carp nephritis gill necrosis virus (cngv) or koi herpes virus (khv). previously, we demonstrated that the wild type cngv lost its pathogenecity following serial transfer in cell culture, and that clones isolated from the attenuated population can be used as a ... | 2005 | 15837363 |
| characterisation of t cell antigen receptor alpha chain isotypes in the common carp. | t cell receptor alpha (tcralpha) chain has been characterised in several teleost species to date. here, a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) strategy was used to isolate cdna clones encoding tcralpha chain from an individual of the common carp (cyprinus carpio.l.). the valpha sequences identified were most similar to valpha of other teleosts, and could be classified into as many as 14 valpha families. for the jalpha sequences, diversity comparable to that seen in other tele ... | 2005 | 15820122 |
| the immunomodulatory effects of the dimer of lysozyme (klp-602) in carp (cyprinus carpio l)--in vivo study. | the dimer of lysozyme was administered to carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in an attempt to reduce the suppression of response in fish exposed to the cypermethrin. experimental studies were carried out on cells isolated from blood and pronephros of carp. in the in vivo studies fish were intoxicated with cypermethrin (synthetic pesticide) at a dose of ld5. after 24 h fish were injected intraperitoneally with a modulator-the dimer of lysozyme (klp-602) at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg of body weight. in the study ... | 2005 | 15814318 |
| uptake and enantioselective elimination of chlordane compounds by common carp (cyprinus carpio, l.). | an analytical method involving supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) followed by a two-dimensional gas chromatography (2d-gc) analysis was developed to determine the concentration (first gc) and enantiomeric ratio (second gc) of cis- and trans-chlordanes at the ppb (ng/g) level in fish tissue. the sfe method allowed concentration of the compounds of interest, and reduced the number of extraction and sample clean-up manipulations as compared to classical solvent extraction techniques. four hundred ... | 2005 | 15788172 |
| undetectable apolipoprotein a-i gene expression suggests an unusual mechanism of dietary lipid mobilisation in the intestine of cyprinus carpio. | high density lipoprotein (hdl) has been shown to play an important role in the dietary lipid mobilisation in the carp. in spite of this, previous studies have failed to demonstrate the synthesis of the major protein component of hdl, apolipoprotein a-i (apoa-i), in the proximal intestine of the carp. therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of apoa-i throughout the entire intestine. curiously, no transcription of the apoa-i gene could be detected either by northern ... | 2005 | 15781899 |
| hypoxia and recovery perturb free radical processes and antioxidant potential in common carp (cyprinus carpio) tissues. | the effects of hypoxia exposure and subsequent normoxic recovery on the levels of lipid peroxides (looh), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars), carbonylproteins, total glutathione levels, and the activities of six antioxidant enzymes were measured in brain, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle of the common carp cyprinus carpio. hypoxia exposure (25% of normal oxygen level) for 5h generally decreased the levels of oxidative damage products, but in liver tbars content were elevated. hypox ... | 2005 | 15778094 |
| [anatomoradiological correlation of the hypothenar hammer syndrome]. | hypothenar hammer syndrome is all the clinical ischemic secondary manifestations in a stenose even one occlusion of traumatic origin of the distal portion of the ulnar artery. our objective was to underline anatomical substratum of this lesion and to emphasize the interest of the angio m.r.i. in the diagnosis of this syndrome. the radioanatomical study of the distal portion of the ulnar artery were on 10 fresh corpses of both sexes free of traumatic hurt of upperlimb. on 6 anatomical details inj ... | 2003 | 15776638 |
| [genetic structure of crucian carp (cypriniformes, cyprinidae, carassius l. 1758) populations of middle-dnieper basin]. | comparative analysis of middle dnieper crucian carp's population structure was made by means of biochemical gene marking, cytometry and biological analysis. as a result the structure was found, which may by expounded like association of the genetically related species and forms. this association consists of diploid c. auratus (which predominates in population), c. carassius (which was found in the some of north-eastern reservoirs only) and triploid c. gibelio. in ukraine the homogeneous populati ... | 2008 | 15771088 |
| uniquely stable 40 kda subfragment-2 in carp myosin. | digestion of carp myofibrils at 30 degrees c in 0.5 m kcl medium with calcium ion generated unique 135 kda heavy meromyosin (hmm). the hmm was not produced when digested at 10 degrees c. a further digestion of the 135 kd hmm isolated in the absence of calcium ion generated uniquely short subfragment-2 (s-2) with a size of 40 kda (40 kda s-2) together with subfragment-1 (s-1). the 40 kda s-2 was identified by n- and c-end sequencing, and demonstrated to locate the amino end of the rod portion. th ... | 2005 | 15769163 |
| [effect of furosemide on gabaa-induced 36cl transport on atpase activity in synaptic membranes of carp (cyprinus carpio l.)]. | we studied the effect of furosemide on gabaa-induced 36cl transport and gabaa-induced cl- -atpase activity in synaptic membranes of fish brain. at physiological ph of 7.4, gaba (0.1-100 microm) stimulated 36cl transport in synaptoneurosomes and cl- -atpase activity in synaptic membranes. furosemide (0.1-0.5 mm) removed the activating effect of the mediator on chlorine transport and enzyme activity (i50 equaled 0.16 and 0.12 mm, respectively). in the absence of the mediator, picrotoxin (50 microm ... | 2016 | 15768629 |
| [evidence of the unreduced diploid eggs generated from the diploid gynogenetic progeny of allotetraploid hybrids]. | following activation by uv-irradiated sperms from scatter scale common carp and without the treatment for doubling the chromosome number, the eggs generated by the diploid gynogenetic progeny (g1) with 100 chromosomes,developed into diploid gynogenetic progeny (g2) with 100 chromosomes. both the males and females of the tetraploids with 200 chromosomes were obtained from the offsprings (g1 x at) produced by mating the eggs of g1 with the diploid sperms from the allotetraploid hybrids. the result ... | 2005 | 15759860 |
| long-term potentiation and olfactory memory formation in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) olfactory bulb. | long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission is considered to be an elementary process underlying the cellular mechanism of memory formation. in the present study we aimed to examine whether or not the dendrodendritic mitral-to-granule cell synapses in the carp olfactory bulb show plastic changes after their repeated activation. it was found that: (1) the dendrodendritic mitral-to-granule cell synapses showed three types of plasticity after tetanic electrical stimulation applied to the olfact ... | 2005 | 15750817 |
| effects of short- and long-term ultraviolet b irradiation on the immune system of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). | carp (cyprinus carpio) were repeatedly exposed to 0, 60, 120 and 240 mj/cm2 ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation three times in 1 week (short-term exposure) or 12 times in 4 weeks (long-term exposure). the effect of uvb on the functioning of the carp immune system was studied on day 2 after the final irradiation. after short-term uvb exposure, the whole-blood respiratory burst and cytotoxic activity were markedly enhanced, with parallel responses in both the number of circulating granulocytes and in th ... | 2013 | 15745420 |
| seasonal modulation of growth hormone mrna and protein levels in carp pituitary: evidence for two expressed genes. | adaptation of eurythermal fish to naturally varying environmental conditions involves modulation of expressions of various factors in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis. here we used three complementary approaches to assess the seasonal variation of growth hormone (gh) protein and mrna levels in pituitary glands of acclimatized carp fish. first, a polyclonal antibody raised against an oligopeptide derived from the carp gh sequence was used for immunohistochemistry; second, oligonucleotides specifi ... | 2005 | 15731922 |
| systemic priming of alloreactive cytotoxic cells in carp, following anal administration of allogeneic cell antigens. | in the present study, we confirmed that cellular immune responses, especially specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity, could be induced in systemic carp leucocytes, following anal administration of antigens. effector cells isolated from systemic lymphoid tissues (head kidney, spleen and peripheral blood) of carp that were immunised anally with allogeneic cells (epc or kg cell line) efficiently lysed immunogenic target cells. the lytic activity was increased as a result of secondary sensitisation and ... | 2005 | 15722230 |
| ca2+-permeable and ca2+-impermeable ampa receptors coexist on horizontal cells. | fura-2 fluorescent calcium imaging was used for analyzing the subtype of ampa receptors in freshly dissociated horizontal cells of carp retina. exogenous application of ampa induced an increase of intracellular concentration of free ca2+ ([ca2+]i) in horizontal cells, while the [ca2+]i increase was partly inhibited by nifedipine. the residual [ca2+]i increase was completely eliminated by joro spider toxin-3, a blocker of ca2+-permeable ampa receptors. on the other hand, the application of pentob ... | 2005 | 15706232 |
| effects of endocrine disrupters on sex steroid synthesis and metabolism pathways in fish. | the interactions of estrogenic (nonylphenol, dicofol, atrazine), androgenic (organotins, phthalates, fenarimol) and anti-androgenic compounds (vinclozolin, diuron, p,p'-dde) with key enzymatic activities involved in both synthesis and metabolism of sex hormones was investigated. carp testicular microsomes incubated in the presence of androstenedione and different xenobiotics evidenced higher sensitivity of 5alpha-reductase activity than 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity towards those ... | 2004 | 15698553 |
| whole-blood and plasma cholinesterase levels in normal koi (cyprinus carpio). | organophosphate and carbamate insecticides produce their toxic effects by binding with cholinesterase enzymes, resulting in the inhibition of acetylcholine catabolism. excessive acetylcholine levels cause excessive synaptic neurotransmitter activity. in most animal species, whole blood is the preferred sample for evaluation of cholinesterase activity. previous reports of cholinesterase activity in carp have involved sampling of serum, plasma, brain, liver, muscle, and heart. whole-blood samples ... | 2005 | 15690957 |
| comparative immunohistochemical study of carassius rfamide localization in teleost guts in different salinity habitats. | carassius rfamide (c-rfa) is a peptide, isolated originally from the brain of japanese crucian carp and sharing homologies with mammalian prolactin-releasing peptides. from the physiological aspect, it is known that c-rfa has contraction-promoting action on fish intestines, but its localization in peripheral tissues is unknown. we observed the localization of c-rfa in teleost guts using an immunohistochemical technique. c-rfa-like immunoreactive (irc-rfa) sites were observed in not only the smoo ... | 2005 | 15684584 |
| partial oxidative-stress perturbs membrane permeability and fluidity of fish nucleated red blood cells. | we investigated the influence of partial oxidative stress on permeability and fluidity of nucleated fish red blood cells for simulating nucleated somatic cells. peroxide value indicating lipid hydroperoxide level in nucleated red blood cells of common carp (cyprinus carpio) increased with increasing body size. we detected that oxidation of nucleated red blood cells led to the degraded pufa compositions and accelerated the permeability of calcein and atp in the nucleated red blood cells restricte ... | 2004 | 15683836 |
| responses of molecular indicators of exposure in mesocosms: common carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to the herbicides alachlor and atrazine. | common carp (cyprinus carpio) were treated in aquatic mesocosms with a single pulse of the herbicides atrazine or alachlor to study the bioavailability and biological activity of these herbicides using molecular indicators: liver vitellogenin gene expression in male fish for estrogenic activity, liver cytochrome p4501a1 gene expression, and dna damage in blood cells using the single-cell gel electrophoresis method. both alachlor and atrazine showed dose-related increases in dna strand breaks at ... | 2005 | 15683183 |
| avoidance behavior and brain monoamines in fish. | the crucian carp performs a typical avoidance behavior when exposed to olfactory cues from injured skin of conspecifics. they swim rapidly to the bottom and hide in available material. this work examines the effects of skin extract exposure and availability of hiding material on this behavior, and concomitant changes in brain monoaminergic activity in crucian carp. individual fish were exposed to skin extract in aquaria with or without hiding material. exposure to skin extract resulted in the ex ... | 2005 | 15680947 |
| inhibition of whole body ca2+ uptake in fresh water teleosts, channa punctatus and cyprinus carpio in response to salmon calcitonin. | in many fish, ultimobranchial-derived calcitonin (ct) has been shown to be a potent hypocalcemic regulator. but an equal number of studies failed to show any correlation between ct and plasma calcium levels. again, in fish, where ct has been shown to function as a hypocalcemic hormone, the way this is brought about is not well known. while the regulatory role of many hormones e.g., stanniocalcin, pituitary-derived prolactin and cortisol on gill calcium (ca2+) transport (gcat) has been well estab ... | 2004 | 15673109 |
| using mitochondrial nucleotide sequences to investigate diversity and genealogical relationships within common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | direct sequencing of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) d-loop (745 bp) and mtatpase6/mtatpase8 (857 bp) regions was used to investigate genetic variation within common carp and develop a global genealogy of common carp strains. the d-loop region was more variable than the mtatpase6/mtatpase8 region, but given the wide distribution of carp the overall levels of sequence divergence were low. levels of haplotype diversity varied widely among countries with chinese, indonesian and vietnamese carp showing th ... | 2005 | 15670127 |
| elevated dna-protein cross-links in red blood cells of german carp, cyprinus carpio, from the lower passaic river, new jersey, usa. | | 2004 | 15669735 |
| noise emission during the first powerboat race in an alpine lake and potential impact on fish communities. | in order to assess the effects of high-speed boating on fish communities, noise levels were measured during the first class 1 powerboat race on the austrian lake traunsee. the noise spectra were compared to natural ambient noise and hearing abilities of four native fish species. sound pressure levels (spls) were significantly elevated during the training heats and the race compared with natural levels, reaching up to 128 db re 1 micropa (instantaneous spl) at a distance of 300 m to the powerboat ... | 2004 | 15658729 |
| effect of ultrasound on nucleated erythrocytes. | in this experimental study, carp erythrocytes were used as nucleated cell models to test the hypothesis that ultrasound (us) exposure can cause the change in plasma membranes and hemoglobin. to identify target cell damage, we studied hemolysis, osmotic fragility, lipid peroxidation of red blood cells and oxidation of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes. the erythrocytes were exposed to 1 mhz continuous-wave us at the intensities of 0.61 to 2.44 w/cm2 for 5 min. these results showed that us sonication ... | 2005 | 15653240 |
| genetic variability and relationships in mitochondrial dna co ii gene sequence of red common carps in china. | nucleotide sequence of cytochrome coxidase subunit ii (co ii) of mitochondrial dna ( mtdna) was analyzed from four populations of the red common carp (c. c. var. singuonensis, c. c. var. wananensis, c. c. var. wuyuanensis and c. c. var. color) as well as one population of wild common carp in china to detect their genetic variability and phylogenetic relationship. nineteen nucleotide variable positions were detected in analyzed 607 bp length sequence and 15 haplotypes were defined among five popu ... | 2004 | 15651674 |
| effect of hexavalent carcinogenic chromium on carp cyprinus carpio immune cells. | chromium is widely used in industrial processes, and is released into aquatic environments by electroplating, tannery and textile industries. fishes in natural waters or in aquaculture facilities supplied with these waters are exposed to chromium waste and are presumed to be affected by deposits. herein, we examine the effect of hexavalent chromium on carp cyprinus carpio derived immune cells. in vitro exposure of carp leukocytes to hexavalent chromium induced cytotoxicity, decreased mitogen-ind ... | 2004 | 15648842 |
| impact of pcb mixture (aroclor 1254) and tbt and a mixture of both on swimming behavior, body growth and enzymatic biotransformation activities (gst) of young carp (cyprinus carpio). | the sensitivity of carp to chronical stress due to single and combined mixtures (each 50%) of tbt and pcb was evaluated under laboratory conditions. and concluded, mixed exposures were partially more or less toxic than single ones. xenobiotic stress led to both decreased mean daily swimming speed and an increased mean swimming speed during darkness. also a decreased preferred swimming depth (nearer to the surface) during nighttime was observed. we found approximately synergistic effects of tbt a ... | 2005 | 15642631 |
| clinical trials update from the american heart association meeting: acorn-csd, primary care trial of chronic disease management, peace, create, shield, a-heft, gemini, vitamin e meta-analysis, escape, carp, and scd-heft cost-effectiveness study. | this article provides information and a commentary on landmark trials presented at the american heart association meeting held in november 2004, relevant to the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of heart failure. an open trial of the acorn cardiac support device (csd) showed encouraging preliminary results in patients with severe heart failure. the peace (prevention of events with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition) study supports data from previous studies showing that ace inhibi ... | 2005 | 15642544 |
| role of ca2+ store in ampa-triggered ca2+ dynamics in retinal horizontal cells. | fura-2 fluorescent calcium imaging was applied to measure [ca(2+)](i) in freshly dissociated horizontal cells of carp retina, and a model containing endoplasmic reticulum (er) membrane processes and plasma membrane processes was constructed for quantitative analyses of the ampa-triggered calcium dynamics. a transient increase followed by a sustained steady level of [ca(2+)](i) was observed when 100 microm ampa was applied, while the initial transient increase of [ca(2+)](i) was suppressed by exo ... | 2004 | 15640746 |
| [the analysis of genetic variability of mtdna 12s rrna genes in the allotetraploid, triploid crucian carp and their parents]. | the complete 12s rrna genes from the five f11 allotetraploids, two diploid gynogens, two triploid crucian carps, one red crucian carp, one xiangjiang common carp, and one japanese crucian carp were successfully cloned and sequenced. sequence compositions and variations were analyzed with mega 1.0 software. five f11 allotetraploids shared two haplotypes, and two diploid gynogens, two triploid crucian carps, one red crucian carp, one xiangjiang common carp, one japanese crucian carp shared one hap ... | 2004 | 15640120 |
| plasma alpha-msh and acetylated beta-endorphin levels following stress vary according to crh sensitivity of the pituitary melanotropes in common carp, cyprinus carpio. | pituitary melanotropes release alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and acetylated beta-endorphin (nac beta-end) during stress responses. however, effects of stressors on plasma concentrations of these hormones are highly inconsistent among fish species. here, we show that also within a species, the common carp (cyprinus carpio), fish sometimes respond with elevated alpha-msh and nac beta-end plasma levels, and at other times not. the origin of this variable response was investigated ... | 2005 | 15639149 |
| brain responses to ambient temperature fluctuations in fish: reduction of blood volume and initiation of a whole-body stress response. | spatial and temporal ambient temperature variations directly influence cellular biochemistry and thus the physiology of ectotherms. however, many aquatic ectothermic species maintain coordinated sensorimotor function during large acute body-temperature changes, which points to a compensatory mechanism within the neural system. here we used high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging to study brain responses to a drop of 10 degrees c of ambient water temperature in common carp. we obser ... | 2005 | 15615828 |
| the strengths of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (mri) to study environmental adaptational physiology in fish. | adaptational physiology studies how animals cope with their environment, even if this environment is subject to permanent fluctuations such as tidal or seasonal variations. aquatic organisms are generally more prone to be exposed to osmotic, hypoxic and temperature challenges than terrestrial animals. some of these challenges are more restraining in an aquatic environment. to date, very few studies have used in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (mri) to uncover the physiological mechanisms that re ... | 2004 | 15614515 |
| reproductive responses of common carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed in cages to influent of the las vegas wash in lake mead, nevada, from late winter to early spring. | the las vegas wash (lw) delivers tertiary-treated municipal wastewater effluent, nonpotable shallow groundwater seepage, and runoff from the urbanized las vegas valley to las vegas bay (lx) of lake mead. to investigate the potential for contaminants in lw influent to produce effects indicative of endocrine disruption in vivo, adult male and female common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed in cages for 42-48 d at four sites in lake mead: lw, lx, and two reference locations in the lake. end point ... | 2004 | 15597896 |
| aspartic acid scanning mutation analysis of a goldfish growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh) receptor specific to the ghrhsalmon-like peptide. | growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of growth. the study of goldfish ghrh and its receptor is of particular interest as it is so far the only animal model in which two forms of ghrh-like (catfish-like and salmon-like) peptides coexist, and these peptides share only 30-40% of amino acid sequence identities with their mammalian counterparts. for these reasons, we have previously characterized a goldfish ghrh receptor, which is specific for a synthetic car ... | 2005 | 15596070 |
| ultrastructural identification of a herpes-like virus infection in common carp cyprinus carpio in korea. | we report on a herpes-like virus, which was found to be associated with mass mortality of common carp cyprinus carpio for the first time in korea in 1998. the external signs of infection in moribund fish were darkened coloration and severe branchial necrosis in the gill. transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of herpes-like viruses in spleen tissue. infected spleen cells showed hypertrophied nuclei and degeneration. numerous nucleocapsids of about 82 nm in diameter were found wit ... | 2004 | 15584424 |
| a novel serine protease complexed with alpha2-macroglobulin from skeletal muscle of lizard fish (saurida undosquamis). | a novel fish muscle serine protease named muscle soluble serine protease (mssp) was purified from the soluble fraction of lizard fish (saurida undosquamis: synodontidae) muscle by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by four steps of column chromatographies. in native-page, the purified enzyme appeared as a single band with an estimated mol. mass of approximately 380 kda by gel filtration. in sds-page under reducing conditions, the purified enzyme migrated as two protein bands at 110 and 100 ... | 2004 | 15581796 |
| annual evolution of fatty acid profile from muscle lipids of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) in madagascar inland waters. | annual evolution of muscle lipids fatty acid (fa) from common carp (cyprinus carpio) has been determined in 2001 through monthly samplings in the reserve pond of sisaony (sis series) and itasy lake (ita series) of the madagascar highlands. total lipids from muscle were extracted and quantified according to the bligh and dyer method. fa identification was performed by gc-ms of fa methyl esters and fa pyrrolidides and led to the identification of 41 fa; routine analyses of fa were made by capillar ... | 2004 | 15563217 |
| [cloning and expression analysis in mature individuals of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sgnrh) gene in common carp]. | two types of complementary dnas (cdna) encoding the precursor of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sgnrh, [trp7, leu8] gnrh) are cloned and sequenced from common carp brain using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the two cdnas are referred to sgnrh cdna1 and cdna2, and the full-length fragment of cdna1 and cdna2 were 393 and 478 bp, respectively. two sgnrh cdnas contain an open reading frame of 285 bp, which encodes the sgnrh precursor including 94 amino acid residues. the sgnrh prec ... | 2004 | 15552041 |
| coping with cold: an integrative, multitissue analysis of the transcriptome of a poikilothermic vertebrate. | how do organisms respond adaptively to environmental stress? although some gene-specific responses have been explored, others remain to be identified, and there is a very poor understanding of the system-wide integration of response, particularly in complex, multitissue animals. here, we adopt a transcript screening approach to explore the mechanisms underpinning a major, whole-body phenotypic transition in a vertebrate animal that naturally experiences extreme environmental stress. carp were ex ... | 2004 | 15550548 |
| temperature and the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (mrfs) and myosin heavy chain isoforms during embryogenesis in the common carp cyprinus carpio l. | embryos of the common carp, cyprinus carpio l., were reared from fertilization of the eggs to inflation of the swim bladder in the larval stage at 18 and 25 degrees c. crna probes were used to detect transcripts of the myogenic regulatory factors myod, myf-5 and myogenin, and five myosin heavy chain (myhc) isoforms during development. the genes encoding myf-5 and myod were switched on first in the unsegmented mesoderm, followed by myogenin as the somites developed. myf-5 and myod transcripts wer ... | 2004 | 15531645 |
| comparative and evolutionary analysis of the cytochrome b sequences in cyprinids with different ploidy levels derived from crosses. | the mitochondrial cyt b genes in the allotetraploid and triploid crucian carp as well as triploid common carp were isolated and completely sequenced. their dna sequences were compared with those derived from the cyt b genes of the red crucian carp, japanese crucian carp, and common carp with mega 1.0 software. phylogenetic analysis revealed the sister relationships between allotetraploid and diploid red crucian carp, between the triploid crucian carp and diploid japanese crucian carp, and betwee ... | 2004 | 15521428 |
| disparate opinions regarding indications for coronary artery revascularization before elective vascular surgery. | despite consensus guidelines, the optimal strategy for preoperative cardiac risk management among patients scheduled for major noncardiac surgery remains controversial. this study assesses current opinion about the role of preoperative coronary revascularization for patients with coronary artery disease scheduled for elective vascular surgery. thirty-one practicing cardiologists recruited from 4 different regions reviewed case records, imaging tests, and coronary angiograms of 12 patients with c ... | 2004 | 15518605 |
| determination of a bound musk xylene metabolite in carp hemoglobin as a biomarker of exposure by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring. | musk xylene (mx) is widely used as a fragrance ingredient in commercial toiletries. identification and quantitation of a bound 4-amino-mx (amx) metabolite was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) with selected ion monitoring (sim). detection of amx occurred after the cysteine adducts in carp hemoglobin (hb), derived from the nitroso metabolite, were released by alkaline hydrolysis. the released amx metabolite was extracted into n-hexane. the extract was preconcentrated by ... | 2004 | 15516317 |
| [studies on the ploymorphic of sperm of f2 hybrids of red crucian carp x common carp]. | athe ultrastructures of the sperm of f2 hybrids of red crucian carp x common carp were studied by using scanning and transmission electron microscope. the sperm of the f2 hybrids consisted of head, mid-piece and tail. there was no acrosome at the anterior end of the nuclears, whereas there was a vesicle. the results revealed that there existed obviously ploymorphic in the sperm of f2 hybrids. in the water-like semen from males of f2 hybrids, different sizes of the head of the sperm including hap ... | 2004 | 15511069 |
| fumonisin b1 causes multiple lesions in common carp (cyprinus carpio). | year-1 carp were fed ratios containing 100mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of added fumonisin b1 for 42 days. the experimental and control fish were examined clinically during the experiment and at the end all fish were necropsied and histological changes recorded. blood vessels, liver, exocrine and endocrine pancreas, excretory and haematopoietic kidney, heart and brain were sensitive both to 100 and 10mg/kg of fb1 in the diet and the rodlet cell (rc) frequency was considerably increased in and around damage ... | 2004 | 15503536 |
| carbonic anhydrases: current state of the art, therapeutic applications and future prospects. | carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) are wide-spread enzymes, present in mammals in at least 14 different isoforms. some of these isozymes are cytosolic (ca i, ca ii, ca iii, ca vii, ca xiii), others are membrane-bound (ca iv, ca ix, ca xii and ca xiv), ca v is mitochondrial and ca vi is secreted in the saliva and milk. three cytosolic acatalytic forms are also known (carp viii, carp x and carp xi). the catalytically active isoforms, which play important physiological and patho-physiological fu ... | 2004 | 15499993 |
| impact of some chlorinated pesticides on the haematology of the fish cyprinus carpio and puntius ticto. | the effects of pesticides on blood characteristics and histological changes in erythrocytes of the fish species cyprinus carpio and puntius ticto were studied. the fishes were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of different chlorinated pesticides namely aldrin, dieldrin, ddt, bhc and chlordane for 10, 20 and 30 d in continuous flow-through test. the lc50 values were calculated based on acute toxicity tests and the sublethal doses were arrived at for chronic bioassay studies. results showed an ... | 2004 | 15495970 |
| [polymorphism in intron 2 of crucian carp gh i gene]. | high length and nucleotide polymorphisms in intron2 of gh i gene were detected in 162 individuals,which were from seven wild crucian carp colonies, two goldfish colonies and one fangzheng crucian carp colony. using denaturating polyareylamide gel electrophoresis (dpage) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp), seven length variants and 15 haplotypes were identified in these fishes. the length types and haplotypes diversity was 4.32% and 9.26%, respectively. sequence analysis of the 15 ... | 2004 | 15490876 |
| response of hexokinase enzymes and the insulin system to dietary carbohydrates in the common carp, cyprinus carpio. | the response of the common carp to diets with varying amounts of digestible starch, provided either as pea meal (lp, hp, 30 and 46% peas, respectively) or as cereal (lw, hw, 30 and 46% wheat, respectively), was studied and compared with the response to a carbohydrate-free protein-rich diet (cf). here we focused on the utilisation of dietary carbohydrates by examining the relationship between dietary starch intake, hepatic hexokinase activities, circulating insulin and muscle insulin receptor sys ... | 2011 | 15460162 |
| calcium-binding protein caldendrin and camkii are localized in spinules of the carp retina. | calcium-binding proteins translate the influx of ca(2+) at excitatory synapses into spatiotemporal signals that regulate a variety of processes underlying synaptic plasticity. in the fish retina, the synaptic connectivity between photoreceptors and horizontal cells undergoes a remarkable plasticity, triggered by the ambient light conditions. with increasing light, the synaptic dendrites of horizontal cells form numerous spinules that are dissolved during dark adaptation. the dynamic regulation o ... | 2004 | 15389610 |
| loss of filament-forming ability of myosin by non-enzymatic glycosylation and its molecular mechanism. | carp and scallop myosin and their subfragments (s-1 and rod) were reacted with glucose to investigate the effect of non-enzymatic glycosylation on the functionality of myosin. the filament-forming ability of the myosin rod diminished with the progress of non-enzymatic glycosylation and myosin became soluble in 0.1 m nacl. the inhibition of the self-assembly of myosin molecules occurred chemically as a result of the increase in negative charge repulsion among myosin molecules and, further, physic ... | 2004 | 15388325 |
| immunology-related perturbations induced by copper and chitosan in carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | copper is used in treatment mixtures to control fungal diseases in vineyards. its concentrations are relatively high in some aquatic ecosystems, and the main problem observed in this study was the antioxidant stress induced by this heavy metal. copper toxicologic effects in aquatic organisms have prompted the demand for alternative use of low-toxicity molecules in culture treatments. chitosan is a polymer with antifungal property similar to copper and may be an interesting biopesticide. thus, it ... | 2004 | 15386131 |
| characterization of retinoic acid neuromodulation in the carp retina. | visual sensation in vertebrates starts with the isomerization of 11-cis retinaldehyde into all-trans retinaldehyde. aldehyde dehydrogenases, present in the pigment epithelium and some retinal cells, convert all-trans retinaldehyde into all-trans retinoic acid (at-ra). evidence in the retina and the hippocampus has accumulated, showing that at-ra, besides being a morphogenetic factor, also acts as a neuromodulator. in mature retina, at-ra affects visual processing by acting on gap junctional cond ... | 2004 | 15378613 |
| dietary accumulation and metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio). | polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are hydrophobic organic contaminants with properties and nomenclature similar to polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). while much information is available on the bioaccumulation and pharamcokinetics of pcbs, little information is available on pbdes. in this study, juvenile carp were exposed to a diet spiked with a cocktail of four bde congeners (2,4,4'-tribromode [bde 28], 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromode [bde 47], 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromode [bde 99], and 2,2',4,4',5,5'hex ... | 2004 | 15352483 |
| xenobiotic substances such as pcb mixtures (aroclor 1254) and tbt can influence swimming behavior and biotransformation activity (gst) of carp (cyprinus carpio). | different groups of carp were treated with polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) or tributyltin (tbt), and possible effects of the chemicals on the swimming behavior of the carp were examined using the behavioquant system. by evaluating quantitative behavioral parameters of the animals, it became evident that exposure to high concentrations of chemicals (organotin, 7 microg l(-1), or polychlorinated biphenyl, 22 microg l(-1)) severely affected the carp, causing a significant change in their swimming sp ... | 2004 | 15352262 |
| the distribution of osteocalcin, degree of mineralization, and mechanical properties along the length of cyprinus carpio rib bone. | this study examined the spatial distribution of selected biochemical and mechanical properties along the length of carp rib bone. carp rib bone was chosen because of its unusually high osteocalcin content relative to other extractable proteins. the amount of osteocalcin was significantly lower (p<0.01) at the most distal section, relative to all other sections. the amount of phosphate (p<0.05) and the elastic modulus in the longitudinal plane (p<0.0001) were found to be significantly higher in t ... | 2001 | 15348241 |
| designing of novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and activators. | carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) are wide spread enzymes, present in mammals in at least 14 different isoforms: some of these isozymes are cytosolic (ca i, ca ii, ca iii, ca vii), while others are membrane-bound (ca iv, ca ix, ca xii and ca xiv); ca v is mitochondrial, and ca vi is secreted in the saliva. three acatalytic forms are also known (carp viii, carp x and carp xi). several important physiological and physio-pathological functions are played by many ca isozymes, which are strongly ... | 2004 | 15328829 |
| stabilisation of scoliosis in two koi (cyprinus carpio). | two koi (cyprinus carpio) from the same pond developed similar lesions of scoliosis. radiographic examinations showed that their spines had become malaligned as a result of vertebral compression fractures involving t14 to t16. the vertebrae in both fish were stabilised with screws, k-wire and polymethylmethacrylate. they both appeared to improve after surgery, but they began to decline and died within three months. a postmortem examination revealed multi-organ inflammation that was not associate ... | 2004 | 15328741 |
| designing of novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and activators. | carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) are wide spread enzymes, present in mammals in at least 14 different isoforms: some of these isozymes are cytosolic (ca i, ca ii, ca iii, ca vii), while others are membrane-bound (ca iv, ca ix, ca xii and ca xiv); ca v is mitochondrial, and ca vi is secreted in the saliva. three acatalytic forms are also known (carp viii, carp x and carp xi). several important physiological and physio-pathological functions are played by many ca isozymes, which are strongly ... | 2004 | 15320807 |
| visible light affects chemiluminescence of carp (cyprinus carpio) blood leukocytes. | visible light irradiations at doses of 5 and 12 j/cm(2) were applied to carp buffy coat leukocytes. | 2004 | 15315734 |
| in situ and laboratory bioassays to evaluate the impact of effluent discharges on receiving aquatic ecosystems. | effluents are a main source of direct and often continuous input of pollutants into aquatic ecosystems with long-term implications on ecosystem functioning. therefore, the study of the effects of effluent exposure on organisms, populations or communities within the framework of impact assessment has a high ecological relevance. the aim of this study was to assess the toxicological impact of two effluents, one household wastewater treatment effluent (effluent 1) and one industrial effluent (efflu ... | 2004 | 15312937 |
| effect of naproxen on tail fin regeneration in teleost. | in the present investigation we studied the effect of naproxen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of rheumatic disease, on the synthesis of the lepidotrichial matrix of the tail fin of the teleost fish cyprinus carpio (carp) during the regeneration process. the lepidotrichial synthesis was observed by standard and polarized light microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy. in general, naproxen at the dose used in the present study did not affect the organizati ... | 2004 | 15311675 |