| glucan synthase-like 5 (gsl5) plays an essential role in male fertility by regulating callose metabolism during microsporogenesis in rice. | callose plays an important role in pollen development in flowering plants. in rice, 10 genes encoding putative callose synthases have been identified; however, none of them has been functionally characterized. in this study, a rice glucan synthase-like 5 (gsl5) knock-out mutant was isolated that exhibited a severe reduction in fertility. pollen viability tests indicated that the pollen of the mutant was abnormal while the embryo sac was normal. further, gsl5-rna interference transgenic plants ph ... | 2015 | 25520407 |
| [influence of sulfur on the bioavailability of arsenic uptake by rice (oryza. sativa l. ) and its speciation in soil ]. | pot experiments using exogenous arsenic-polluted paddy soils were carried out to investigate the influence of different forms of sulfur fertilizers (sulfur and gypsum) on as uptake by rice and its chemical speciation. soil solution ph value ranged 7. 38-7. 45 in different growth period of rice, and the ph value of ass0 and ass1 treatments was higher than that of ass2 treatment. variation of eh value in soil solution was about 200 mv and the eh of ass0 was higher than those of ass1 and ass2 treat ... | 2014 | 25518679 |
| a mathematical model of phloem sucrose transport as a new tool for designing rice panicle structure for high grain yield. | rice (oryza sativa) is one of the most important food crops in the world. numerous quantitative trait loci or genes controlling panicle architecture have been identified to increase grain yield. yet grain yield, defined as the product of the number of well-ripened grains and their weight, is a complex trait that is determined by multiple factors such as source, sink and translocation capacity. mechanistic modelling capturing capacities of source, sink and transport will help in the theoretical d ... | 2015 | 25516572 |
| rice phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene ospal4 is associated with broad spectrum disease resistance. | most agronomically important traits, including resistance against pathogens, are governed by quantitative trait loci (qtl). qtl-mediated resistance shows promise of being effective and long-lasting against diverse pathogens. identification of genes controlling qtl-based disease resistance contributes to breeding for cultivars that exhibit high and stable resistance. several defense response genes have been successfully used as good predictors and contributors to qtl-based resistance against seve ... | 2015 | 25515696 |
| genes associated with thermosensitive genic male sterility in rice identified by comparative expression profiling. | thermosensitive genic male sterile (tgms) lines and photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile (pgms) lines have been successfully used in hybridization to improve rice yields. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying male sterility transitions in most pgms/tgms rice lines are unclear. in the recently developed tgms-co27 line, the male sterility is based on co-suppression of a udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene (ugp1), but further study is needed to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms inv ... | 2014 | 25512054 |
| comprehensive gene expression analysis of rice aleurone cells: probing the existence of an alternative gibberellin receptor. | current gibberellin (ga) research indicates that ga must be perceived in plant nuclei by its cognate receptor, gibberellin insensitive dwarf1 (gid1). recognition of ga by gid1 relieves the repression mediated by the della protein, a model known as the gid1-della ga perception system. there have been reports of potential ga-binding proteins in the plasma membrane that perceive ga and induce α-amylase expression in cereal aleurone cells, which is mechanistically different from the gid1-della syste ... | 2015 | 25511432 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of indica and japonica rice varieties. | indica and japonica are two main subspecies of asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) that differ clearly in morphological and agronomic traits, in physiological and biochemical characteristics and in their genomic structure. however, the proteins and genes responsible for these differences remain poorly characterized. in this study, proteomic tools, including two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, were used to globally identify proteins that differed between two sequenced rice ... | 2014 | 25505840 |
| comparison of plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases from rice: identification of two plant-specific regulatory regions of the allosteric enzyme. | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) is a key enzyme of primary metabolism in bacteria, algae and vascular plants, and it undergoes allosteric regulation by various metabolic effectors. rice (oryza sativa) has five plant-type pepcs, four cytosolic and one chloroplastic. we investigated their kinetic properties using recombinant proteins and found that, like most plant-type pepcs, rice cytosolic isozymes were activated by glucose 6-phosphate and by alkaline ph. in contrast, no such activation w ... | 2015 | 25505033 |
| high light-dependent phosphorylation of photosystem ii inner antenna cp29 in monocots is stn7 independent and enhances nonphotochemical quenching. | phosphorylation of the photosystem ii antenna protein cp29 has been reported to be induced by excess light and further enhanced by low temperature, increasing resistance to these stressing factors. moreover, high light-induced cp29 phosphorylation was specifically found in monocots, both c3 and c4, which include the large majority of food crops. recently, knockout collections have become available in rice (oryza sativa), a model organism for monocots. in this work, we have used reverse genetics ... | 2015 | 25501945 |
| cooling water before panicle initiation increases chilling-induced male sterility and disables chilling-induced expression of genes encoding osfkbp65 and heat shock proteins in rice spikelets. | in rice (oryza sativa l.), chilling-induced male sterility increased when plants experienced low water temperature (tw , 18 °c for 14 d) before panicle initiation. the number of mature pollen grains after chilling at the booting stage (12 °c for 5 d) was only 45% of total pollen grains in low-tw plants, whereas it was 71% in normal-tw plants (tw not controlled; approximately 23 °c under air temperature of 26 °c/21 °c, day/night). microarray and quantitative pcr analyses showed that many stress-r ... | 2015 | 25496090 |
| functional analysis of ospgip1 in rice sheath blight resistance. | as one of the most devastating diseases of rice, sheath blight causes severe rice yield loss. however, little progress has been made in rice breeding for sheath blight resistance. it has been reported that polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins can inhibit the degradation of the plant cell wall by polygalacturonases from pathogens. here, we prokaryotically expressed and purified ospgip1 protein, which was verified by western blot analysis. activity assay confirmed the inhibitory activity of ospgi ... | 2015 | 25488398 |
| high-throughput transformation pipeline for a brazilian japonica rice with bar gene selection. | the goal of this work was to establish a transformation pipeline for upland curinga rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica) with bar gene selection employing bialaphos and phosphinothricin as selection agents. the following genes of interest: atnced3, lsi1, glu2, lew2, pld-alpha, da1, tor, avp1, and rubisco were cloned into the binary vector p7i2x-ubi and were transferred into agrobacterium strain eha 105. embryogenic calli derived from the mature embryos were transformed, and transgenic cells and ... | 2015 | 25488347 |
| chloroplast genome of novel rice germplasm identified in northern australia. | rice (oryza sativa l.) was probably domesticated from o. rufipogon in asia in the last 10,000 years. relatives of cultivated rice (a genome species of oryza) are found in south america, africa, australia and asia. these a genome species are the close relatives of cultivated rice and represent the effective gene pool for rice improvement. members of this group in northern australia include, an annual species, o. meridionalis, and two recently distinguished perennial taxa, to one of which the name ... | 2014 | 25485030 |
| regulation of map kinase signaling cascade by micrornas in oryza sativa. | mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk) pathway is one of the most conserved signaling cascade in plants regulating a plethora of cellular processes including normal growth and development, abiotic and biotic stress responses. the perception of external cues triggers the phosphorylation of three tier mapkkk-mapkk-mapk cascade which finally modifies a downstream substrate thereby regulating the cellular processes. whereas, the transcription regulation by mapks, mediated through their substrates i ... | 2014 | 25482813 |
| effect of air desiccation and salt stress factors on in vitro regeneration of rice (oryza sativa l.). | enhancement of callus induction and its regeneration efficiency through in vitro techniques has been optimized for 2 abiotic stresses (salt and air desiccation) using 3 rice genotypes viz. br10, brri dhan32 and brri dhan47. the highest frequency of callus induction was obtained for brri dhan32 (64.44%) in ms medium supplemented with 2, 4-d (2.5 mgl(-1)) and kin (1.0 mgl(-1)). different concentrations of nacl (2.9, 5.9, 8.8 and 11.7 gl(-1)) were used and its effect was recorded on the basis of vi ... | 2014 | 25482754 |
| novel and conserved heat-responsive micrornas in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | micrornas (mirnas) are small endogenous rnas of ~22 nucleotides that have been shown to play regulatory role by negatively affecting the expression of genes at the post-transcriptional level. information of mirnas on some important crops like soybean, arabidopsis, and rice, etc. are available, but no study on heat-responsive novel mirnas has yet been reported in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in the present investigation, a popular wheat cultivar hd2985 was used in small rna library construction ... | 2015 | 25480755 |
| genome-wide analysis of micrornas and their target genes related to leaf senescence of rice. | grain production of rice (oryza sativa l.) is a top priority in ensuring food security for human beings. one of the approaches to increase yield is to delay leaf senescence and to extend the available time for photosynthesis. micrornas (mirnas) are key regulators of aging and cellular senescence in eukaryotes. here, to help understand their biological role in rice leaf senescence, we report identification of mirnas and their putative target genes by deep sequencing of six small rna libraries, si ... | 2014 | 25479006 |
| the effect of cuo nps on reactive oxygen species and cell cycle gene expression in roots of rice. | to evaluate the effect of cuo nanoparticles (nps) on root growth, root reactive oxygen species (ros) production, and the expression of 2 genes (oscdc2 and oscycd) associated with root growth of oryza sativa (rice), rice roots were treated with 5 mg/l cuo np suspension, 5 mg/l cuo bulk particle suspension, and 0.27 mg/l cuso4 · 5h2 o solution, with distilled water as control. the results indicated that cuo nps and cu(2+) severely inhibited the elongation and biomass of rice roots after 72-h expo ... | 2015 | 25475023 |
| differential expression of micrornas by arsenate and arsenite stress in natural accessions of rice. | arsenic (as) contamination of rice (oryza sativa) imposes a serious threat to human health worldwide. understanding the molecular mechanisms of as transport and accumulation in rice may provide promising solutions to the problem. micrornas (mirnas) are a novel class of short, endogenous, non-coding small rna molecules involved in a wide variety of biological processes such as organ polarity, morphogenesis, floral transition, hormone signalling and adaptation to environment. in the past, a few st ... | 2015 | 25474357 |
| efficient use of energy in anoxia-tolerant plants with focus on germinating rice seedlings. | anoxia tolerance in plants is distinguished by direction of the sparse supply of energy to processes crucial to cell maintenance and sometimes to growth, as in rice seedlings. in anoxic rice coleoptiles energy is used to synthesise proteins, take up k(+) , synthesise cell walls and lipids, and in cell maintenance. maintenance of electrochemical h(+) gradients across the tonoplast and plasma membrane is crucial for solute compartmentation and thus survival. these gradients sustain some h(+) -solu ... | 2015 | 25472708 |
| rice hull extracts inhibit proliferation of mcf-7 cells with g₁ cell cycle arrest in parallel with their antioxidant activity. | rice (oryza sativa l.) has been a major dietary staple worldwide for centuries. growing interest in the beneficial effects of antioxidants has inspired investigation of rice hulls as an attractive source of chemopreventive compounds for breast cancer intervention. we prepared methanol extracts from rice hulls of three korean bred cultivars (japonica), ilpum, heugjinju, and jeogjinju, and one japonica weedy rice, wd-3. we examined the antiproliferative potential of the hull extracts on mcf-7 huma ... | 2015 | 25469660 |
| whole genome de novo assemblies of three divergent strains of rice, oryza sativa, document novel gene space of aus and indica. | the use of high throughput genome-sequencing technologies has uncovered a large extent of structural variation in eukaryotic genomes that makes important contributions to genomic diversity and phenotypic variation. when the genomes of different strains of a given organism are compared, whole genome resequencing data are typically aligned to an established reference sequence. however, when the reference differs in significant structural ways from the individuals under study, the analysis is often ... | 2014 | 25468217 |
| retrospective study of methylmercury and other metal(loid)s in madagascar unpolished rice (oryza sativa l.). | the rice ingestion rate in madagascar is among the highest globally; however studies concerning metal(loid) concentrations in madagascar rice are lacking. for madagascar unpolished rice (n = 51 landraces), levels of toxic elements (e.g., total mercury, methylmercury, arsenic and cadmium) as well as essential micronutrients (e.g., zinc and selenium) were uniformly low, indicating potentially both positive and negative health effects. aside from manganese (wilcoxon rank sum, p < 0.01), no signific ... | 2015 | 25463705 |
| identification and expression analysis of rice histone genes. | histones, acting as the core of nucleosome, are the chief protein component of chromatin. they play an important role in gene regulation by covalent modification at several sites and histone variants replacement. five major families of histones exist: h1, h2a, h2b, h3 and h4. the protein sequences within each family appear to be highly conserved. in this paper, we identified 60 histone proteins in rice (oryza sativa) including 14 h2a, 15 h2b, 16 h3, 11 h4 and 4 h1. sequence analysis indicates th ... | 2015 | 25461700 |
| enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic rice over-expressing of maize c4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene via no and ca(2+). | we determined the effects of endogenous nitric oxide and ca(2+) on photosynthesis and gene expression in transgenic rice plants (pc) over-expressing the maize c4pepc gene, which encodes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) under drought. in this study, seedlings were subjected to peg 6000 treatments using pc and wild type (wt; kitaake). the results showed that, compared with wt, pc had higher relative water content (rwc) and net photosynthetic rate (pn) under drought. during a 2-day re-waterin ... | 2015 | 25460871 |
| uptake and transport mechanisms of decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) by rice (oryza sativa). | the extensive industrial use of brominated flame retardants has aroused rapidly growing public concerns about their ubiquity in the environment. the feasibility of uptake and translocation of decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) by three rice cultivars, namely fengmeizhan, hefengzhan and guangyinzhan, and the uptake mechanisms of bde-209 into rice roots, were investigated by employing a partition-limited model. uptake of bde-209 by the rice cultivars (fengmeizhan, hefengzhan and guangyinzhan) was e ... | 2015 | 25460770 |
| perturbed porphyrin biosynthesis contributes to differential herbicidal symptoms in photodynamically stressed rice (oryza sativa) treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid and oxyfluorfen. | this paper focuses on the molecular mechanism of deregulated porphyrin biosynthesis in rice plants under photodynamic stress imposed by an exogenous supply of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ala) and oxyfluorfen (of). plants treated with 5 mm ala or 50 µm of exhibited differential herbicidal symptoms as characterized by white and brown necrosis, respectively, with substantial increases in cellular leakage and malondialdehyde production. protoporphyrin ix accumulated to higher levels after 1 day of ala an ... | 2014 | 25454526 |
| neuroprotective effect of purple rice extract and its constituent against amyloid beta-induced neuronal cell death in sk-n-sh cells. | this study evaluated the protective effects of purple rice (oryza sativa l.) extract (pre) and its major constituent, cyanidin, and their underlying mechanisms against aβ 25-35-induced neuronal cell death in sk-n-sh cells. aβ 25-35-induced neuronal toxicity is characterized by decrease in cell viability, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), decrease superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, increase in reactive oxygen species (ros) production, morphological alteration, and activation of mitoch ... | 2014 | 25451968 |
| rna-seq analysis of differentially expressed genes in rice under varied nitrogen supplies. | ammonium is the main inorganic nitrogen source in paddy soil. rice (oryza sativa), an ammonium-preferring and -tolerant grain crop, is a valuable resource for researching ammonium-uptake mechanism and understanding the molecular networks that the plant copes with ammonium variation. to generate a broad survey of early responses affected by varied ammonium supplies in rice, rna samples were prepared from the roots and shoots of rice plants subjected to nitrogen-free (0mm ammonium), 1mm ammonium a ... | 2015 | 25447912 |
| synergistic regulatory networks mediated by micrornas and transcription factors under drought, heat and salt stresses in oryza sativa spp. | transcription factors (tfs) and micrornas (mirnas) are primary gene regulators within the cell. regulatory mechanisms of these two main regulators are of great interest to biologists and may provide insights into the abiotic and biotic stresses. however, the interaction between mirnas and tfs in a gene regulatory network (grn) still remains uncovered. previous research has been mostly directed at inferring either mirna or tf regulatory networks from data. however, networks involving a single typ ... | 2015 | 25445270 |
| the wall-associated kinase gene family in rice genomes. | the environment is a dynamic system in which life forms adapt. wall-associated kinases (wak) are a subfamily of receptor-like kinases associated with the cell wall. these genes have been suggested as sensors of the extracellular environment and triggers of intracellular signals. they belong to the epk superfamily with or without a conserved arginine before the catalytic subdomain vib, which characterizes rd and non-rd waks. wak is a large subfamily in rice. we performed an extensive comparison o ... | 2014 | 25443845 |
| enrichment and analysis of rice seedling ubiquitin-related proteins using four uba domains (gst-qubas). | protein ubiquitination is a common posttranslational modification that often occurs on lysine residues. it controls the half-life, interaction and trafficking of intracellular proteins and is involved in different plant development stages and responses to environment stresses. four ubiquitin-associated (uba) domains were sequentially fused with glutathione s-transferase (gst) tag (gst-quba) as bait protein in this study. a two-step affinity protocol was successfully developed and the identificat ... | 2014 | 25443844 |
| high-quality italian rice cultivars: chemical indices of ageing and aroma quality. | the volatile fractions of six italian high-quality rice cultivars were investigated by hs-spme-gc-ms to define fingerprinting and identify chemical markers and/or indices of ageing and aroma quality. in particular, four non-aromatic (carnaroli, carnise, cerere and antares) and two aromatic (apollo and venere) rices, harvested in 2010 and 2011, were monitored over 12months. twenty-five aroma components were considered and, despite considerable inter-annual variability, some of them showed similar ... | 2015 | 25442558 |
| tond1 confers tolerance to nitrogen deficiency in rice. | nitrogen (n), the most important mineral nutrient for plants, is critical to agricultural production systems. n deficiency severely affects rice growth and decreases rice yields. however, excessive use of n fertilizer has caused severe pollution to agricultural and ecological environments. the necessity of breeding of crops that require lower input of n fertilizer has been recognized. here we identified a major quantitative trait locus on chromosome 12, tolerance of nitrogen deficiency 1 (tond1) ... | 2015 | 25439309 |
| stripe2 encodes a putative dcmp deaminase that plays an important role in chloroplast development in rice. | mutants with abnormal leaf coloration are good genetic materials for understanding the mechanism of chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis. in this study, a rice mutant st2 (stripe2) with stripe leaves was identified from the γ-ray irradiated mutant pool. the st2 mutant exhibited decreased accumulation of chlorophyll and aberrant chloroplasts. genetic analysis indicated that the st2 mutant was controlled by a single recessive locus. the st2 gene was finely confined to a 27-kb regio ... | 2014 | 25438698 |
| seed-mediated gene flow promotes genetic diversity of weedy rice within populations: implications for weed management. | increased infestation of weedy rice-a noxious agricultural pest has caused significant reduction of grain yield of cultivated rice (oryza sativa) worldwide. knowledge on genetic diversity and structure of weedy rice populations will facilitate the design of effective methods to control this weed by tracing its origins and dispersal patterns in a given region. to generate such knowledge, we studied genetic diversity and structure of 21 weedy rice populations from sri lanka based on 23 selected mi ... | 2014 | 25436611 |
| a novel method for the simultaneous analysis of seven biothiols in rice (oryza sativa l.) using hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. | analysis of biothiols is still problematic, due to their high polarity, oxidation sensitivity and time-consuming sample preparation. in this paper, a direct, rapid and sensitive method was developed for simultaneous quantification of unbound cysteine (cys), glutathione (gsh) and phytochelatins (pcs) in rice leaf, stem and root samples by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (hilic-ms/ms). homogenized samples were extracted with water containin ... | 2015 | 25436484 |
| plastid dna insertions in plant nuclear genomes: the sites, abundance and ages, and a predicted promoter analysis. | the transfer of plastid dna sequences into plant nuclear genomes plays an important role in the genomic evolution of plants. the abundance of nuclear-localized plastid dna (nupdna) correlates positively with nuclear genome size, but the genetic content of nupdna remains unknown. in this mini review, we analyzed the number of nuclear-localized plastid gene fragments in known plant genomic data. our analysis suggests that nupdnas are abundant in plant nuclear genomes and can include multiple compl ... | 2015 | 25433709 |
| biosynthetic relationship between c₂₈-brassinosteroids and c₂₉-brassinosteroids in rice (oryza sativa) seedlings. | a crude enzyme solution was prepared from young rice seedlings, and the metabolism of c29-brassinosteroids identified from the seedlings was examined. when 28-homoteasterone was added as a substrate, 28-homotyphasterol, teasterone, and 26-nor-28-homoteasterone were characterized as enzyme products by gc-ms/sim analysis. with 28-homotyphasterol, 28-homoteasterone, typhasterol, 28-homocastasterone, and 26-nor-28-homotyphasterol were formed and identified as products. when 28-homocastasterone was u ... | 2015 | 25433632 |
| overexpression of folate biosynthesis genes in rice (oryza sativa l.) and evaluation of their impact on seed folate content. | folate (vitamin b9) deficiency is a global health problem especially in developing countries where the major staple foods such as rice contain extremely low folates. biofortification of rice could be an alternative complement way to fight folate deficiency. in this study, we evaluated the availability of the genes in each step of folate biosynthesis pathway for rice folate enhancement in the japonica variety kitaake genetic background. the first enzymes gtp cyclohydrolase i (gtpchi) and aminodeo ... | 2014 | 25432789 |
| casein kinases i and 2α phosphorylate oryza sativa pseudo-response regulator 37 (osprr37) in photoperiodic flowering in rice. | flowering time (or heading date) is controlled by intrinsic genetic programs in response to environmental cues, such as photoperiod and temperature. rice, a facultative short-day (sd) plant, flowers early in sd and late in long-day (ld) conditions. casein kinases (cks) generally act as positive regulators in many signaling pathways in plants. in rice, heading date 6 (hd6) and hd16 encode ck2α and cki, respectively, and mainly function to delay flowering time. additionally, the major ld-dependent ... | 2015 | 25431424 |
| lack of cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;2 in vascular tissues of axillary buds causes severe reduction in their outgrowth and disorder of metabolic balance in rice seedlings. | the development and elongation of active tillers in rice was severely reduced by a lack of cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;2 (gs1;2), and, to a lesser extent, lack of nadh-glutamate synthase1 in knockout mutants. in situ hybridization using the basal part of wild-type seedlings clearly showed that expression of osgs1;2 was detected in the phloem companion cells of the nodal vascular anastomoses and large vascular bundles of axillary buds. accumulation of lignin, visualized using phloroglucin hcl ... | 2015 | 25429996 |
| hybrid breakdown caused by epistasis-based recessive incompatibility in a cross of rice (oryza sativa l.). | viability and fertility in organisms depend on epistatic interactions between loci maintained in lineages. here, we describe reduced fitness of segregants (hybrid breakdown, hb) that emerged in an f2 population derived from a cross between 2 rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars, "tachisugata" (ts) and "hokuriku 193" (h193), despite both parents and f1s showing normal fitness. quantitative trait locus (qtl) analyses detected 13 qtls for 4 morphological traits associated with the hb and 6 associated w ... | 2015 | 25429024 |
| leaf hydraulic conductance is coordinated with leaf morpho-anatomical traits and nitrogen status in the genus oryza. | leaf hydraulic conductance (k leaf) is a major determinant of photosynthetic rate in plants. previous work has assessed the relationships between leaf morpho-anatomical traits and k leaf with woody species, but there has been very little focus on cereal crops. the genus oryza, which includes rice (oryza sativa) and wild species (such as o. rufipogon cv. griff), is ideal material for identifying leaf features associated with k leaf and gas exchange. leaf morpho-anatomical traits, k leaf, leaf n c ... | 2015 | 25429002 |
| black rice (oryza sativa l.) extracts induce osteoblast differentiation and protect against bone loss in ovariectomized rats. | osteoporosis, an age associated skeletal disease, exhibits increased adipogenesis at the expense of osteogenesis from common osteoporotic bone marrow cells. in this study, black rice (oryza sativa l.) extracts (bre) were identified as osteogenic inducers. bre stimulated the alkaline phosphatase (alp) activity in both c3h10t1/2 and primary bone marrow cells. similarly, bre increased mrna expression of alp and osterix. oral administration of bre in ovx rats prevented decreases in bone density and ... | 2015 | 25428526 |
| the effect of silicon on photosynthesis and expression of its relevant genes in rice (oryza sativa l.) under high-zinc stress. | the main objectives of this study were to elucidate the roles of silicon (si) in alleviating the effects of 2 mm zinc (high zn) stress on photosynthesis and its related gene expression levels in leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.) grown hydroponically with high-zn stress. the results showed that photosynthetic parameters, including net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular co2 concentration, chlorophyll concentration and the chlorophyll fluorescence, were decr ... | 2014 | 25426937 |
| de novo assembly and characterization of the transcriptome of seagrass zostera marina using illumina paired-end sequencing. | the seagrass zostera marina is a monocotyledonous angiosperm belonging to a polyphyletic group of plants that can live submerged in marine habitats. zostera marina l. is one of the most common seagrasses and is considered a cornerstone of marine plant molecular ecology research and comparative studies. however, the mechanisms underlying its adaptation to the marine environment still remain poorly understood due to limited transcriptomic and genomic data. | 2014 | 25423588 |
| ancient horizontal transfer of transaldolase-like protein gene and its role in plant vascular development. | a major event in land plant evolution is the origin of vascular tissues, which ensure the long-distance transport of water, nutrients and organic compounds. however, the molecular basis for the origin and evolution of plant vascular tissues remains largely unknown. here, we investigate the evolution of the land plant tal-type transaldolase (tal) gene and its potential function in rice (oryza sativa) based on phylogenetic analyses and transgenic experiments, respectively. tal genes are only prese ... | 2015 | 25420550 |
| gid1 modulates stomatal response and submergence tolerance involving abscisic acid and gibberellic acid signaling in rice. | plant responses to abiotic stresses are coordinated by arrays of growth and developmental programs. gibberellic acid (ga) and abscisic acid (aba) play critical roles in the developmental programs and environmental responses, respectively, through complex signaling and metabolism networks. however, crosstalk between the two phytohormones in stress responses remains largely unknown. in this study, we report that gibberellin-insensitive dwarf 1 (gid1), a soluble receptor for ga, regulates stomatal ... | 2015 | 25418692 |
| exogenous application of calcium and silica alleviates cadmium toxicity by suppressing oxidative damage in rice seedlings. | the present study was undertaken to examine the possible roles of calcium (ca(2+)) and silica (si) in protection against oxidative damage due to cd(2+) toxicity in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings grown in hydroponics. rice seedlings raised for 12 days in hydroponics containing cd(no3)2 (75 μm) showed reduced growth; increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ros) (o2 (·-) and h2o2), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbarss) and protein carbonylation; and increase in the activity o ... | 2015 | 25413289 |
| estimating rice chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen concentration with a digital still color camera under natural light. | the color of crop leaves is closely correlated with nitrogen (n) status and can be quantified easily with a digital still color camera and image processing software. the establishment of the relationship between image color indices and n status under natural light is important for crop monitoring and n diagnosis in the field. in our study, a digital still color camera was used to take pictures of the canopies of 6 rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars with n treatments ranging from 0 to 315 kg n ha(- ... | 2014 | 25411579 |
| efficient pretreatment of vietnamese rice straw by soda and sulfate cooking methods for enzymatic saccharification. | this manuscript presents a study on alkaline pretreatment of vietnamese rice (oryza sativa l.) straw that grows in northern vietnam for enzymatic saccharification. the naoh pretreatment (soda cooking) and naoh/na2s pretreatment (sulfate cooking) were applied for rice straw pretreatment, which have relatively similar condition with industrial pulping processes but at lower temperature. pretreated biomass solid was then enzymatic hydrolyzed by commercial enzyme cellic®ctec2 (novozymes) with enzyme ... | 2015 | 25410798 |
| mutational bias is the driving force for shaping the synonymous codon usage pattern of alternatively spliced genes in rice (oryza sativa l.). | alternative splicing plays important roles in diverse aspects of plant development, metabolism, and stress responses. however, the regulatory mechanisms of alternative splicing of genes still remain incompletely elucidated, especially in plants. in this study, the synonymous codon usage pattern of alternatively spliced (as) genes in rice was firstly explored using the combination of correspondence analysis (ca), internal ca, correlation and anova analyses. the results show that alternatively and ... | 2015 | 25407289 |
| identification, characterization, and transcription analysis of xylogen-like arabinogalactan proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.). | xylogen, a chimeric arabinogalactan protein containing a non-specific lipid transfer protein domain, can promote xylem cell differentiation. no comprehensive study has been carried out on the xylp gene family in rice. as a first step in research on this gene family and as a useful strategy in general, a genome-wide analysis of the osxylp gene family is thus needed. | 2014 | 25407280 |
| degradation and metabolism of tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) in submerged soil and soil-plant systems. | contamination by tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa), the most widely used brominated flame retardant, is a matter of environmental concern. here, we investigated the fate and metabolites of (14)c-tbbpa in a submerged soil with an anoxic-oxic interface and planted or not with rice (oryza sativa) and reed (phragmites australis) seedlings. in unplanted soil, tbbpa dissipation (half-life 20.8 days) was accompanied by mineralization (11.5% of initial tbbpa) and the substantial formation (60.8%) of bound r ... | 2014 | 25402269 |
| the rice enhancer of zeste [e(z)] genes sdg711 and sdg718 are respectively involved in long day and short day signaling to mediate the accurate photoperiod control of flowering time. | recent advances in rice flowering studies have shown that the accurate control of flowering by photoperiod is regulated by key mechanisms that involve the regulation of flowering genes including heading date1 (hd1), early hd1 (ehd1), hd3a, and rft1. the chromatin mechanism involved in the regulation of rice flowering genes is presently not well known. here we show that the rice enhancer of zeste [e(z)] genes sdg711 and sdg718, which encode the polycomb repressive complex2 (prc2) key subunit that ... | 2014 | 25400654 |
| influence of soil mercury concentration and fraction on bioaccumulation process of inorganic mercury and methylmercury in rice (oryza sativa l.). | recent studies showed that rice is the major pathway for methylmercury (mehg) exposure to inhabitants in mercury (hg) mining areas in china. there is, therefore, a concern regarding accumulation of hg in rice grown in soils with high hg concentrations. a soil pot experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of hg-contaminated soil on the growth of rice and uptake and speciation of hg in the rice. our results imply that the growth of rice promotes residual fraction of hg transformi ... | 2015 | 25398217 |
| cultivar variability of iron uptake mechanisms in rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice (oryza sativa l.) is the most important staple food in the world. it is rich in genetic diversity and can grow in a wide range of environments. iron (fe) deficiency is a major abiotic stress in crop production and in aerobic soils, where fe forms insoluble complexes, and is not readily available for uptake. to cope with fe deficiency, plants developed mechanisms for fe uptake, and although rice was described as a strategy ii plant, recent evidence suggests that it is capable of utilizing me ... | 2014 | 25394797 |
| 2'-deoxymugineic acid promotes growth of rice (oryza sativa l.) by orchestrating iron and nitrate uptake processes under high ph conditions. | poaceae plants release 2'-deoxymugineic acid (dma) and related phytosiderophores to chelate iron (fe), which often exists as insoluble fe(iii) in the rhizosphere, especially under high ph conditions. although the molecular mechanisms behind the biosynthesis and secretion of dma have been studied extensively, little information is known about whether dma has biological roles other than chelating fe in vivo. here, we demonstrate that hydroponic cultures of rice (oryza sativa) seedlings show almost ... | 2015 | 25393516 |
| the matrix polysaccharide (1;3,1;4)-β-d-glucan is involved in silicon-dependent strengthening of rice cell wall. | poales [represented by rice (oryza sativa l.)] in angiosperms and equisetum (horsetails) in pteridophytes are two major groups of heavy silicon (si) accumulators. in rice, si is polymerized preferentially in the epidermal cell wall, forming si-cuticle double layers and si-cellulose double layers beneath the cuticle. this si layer is thought to exert various beneficial effects on the growth and development of land plants. although the recent discovery of the influx and efflux transporters of sili ... | 2015 | 25392067 |
| osarf16 is involved in cytokinin-mediated inhibition of phosphate transport and phosphate signaling in rice (oryza sativa l.). | plant responses to phytohormone stimuli are the most important biological features for plants to survive in a complex environment. cytokinin regulates growth and nutrient homeostasis, such as the phosphate (pi) starvation response and pi uptake in plants. however, the mechanisms underlying how cytokinin participates in pi uptake and pi signaling are largely unknown. in this study, we found that osarf16 is required for the cytokinin response and is involved in the negative regulation of pi uptake ... | 2014 | 25386911 |
| plasma membrane receptor-like kinase leaf panicle 2 acts downstream of the drought and salt tolerance transcription factor to regulate drought sensitivity in rice. | drought is a recurring climatic hazard that reduces the crop yields. to avoid the negative effects of drought on crop production, extensive efforts have been devoted to investigating the complex mechanisms of gene expression and signal transduction during drought stress. receptor-like kinases (rlks) play important roles in perceiving extracellular stimuli and activating downstream signalling responses. the rice genome contains >1100 rlk genes, of which only two are reported to function in drough ... | 2015 | 25385766 |
| genetic dissection of ozone tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) by a genome-wide association study. | tropospheric ozone causes various negative effects on plants and affects the yield and quality of agricultural crops. here, we report a genome-wide association study (gwas) in rice (oryza sativa l.) to determine candidate loci associated with ozone tolerance. a diversity panel consisting of 328 accessions representing all subgroups of o. sativa was exposed to ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth season, or to control conditions. averaged over all genotypes, ozone si ... | 2015 | 25371505 |
| positional variation in grain mineral nutrients within a rice panicle and its relation to phytic acid concentration. | six japonica rice genotypes, differing in panicle type, grain density, and phytic acid (pa) content, were applied to investigate the effect of grain position on the concentrations of major mineral nutrients and its relation to pa content and grain weight within a panicle. grain position significantly affected the concentrations of the studied minerals in both the vertical and horizontal axes of a rice panicle. heavy-weight grains, located on primary rachis and top rachis, generally had higher mi ... | 2014 | 25367791 |
| using metabolomic approaches to explore chemical diversity in rice. | rice (oryza sativa) is an excellent resource, it comprises 25% of the total caloric intake of the world's population and rice plants yield many types of bioactive compounds. to determine the number of metabolites in rice and their chemical diversity, the metabolite composition of cultivated rice has been investigated with analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry (ms) and/or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and rice metabolite databases have been constructed. this review summarizes ... | 2014 | 25366178 |
| association mapping for important agronomic traits in core collection of rice (oryza sativa l.) with ssr markers. | mining elite genes within rice landraces is of importance for the improvement of cultivated rice. an association mapping for 12 agronomic traits was carried out using a core collection of rice consisting of 150 landraces (panel 1) with 274 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers, and the mapping results were further verified using a chinese national rice micro-core collection (panel 2) and a collection from a global molecular breeding program (panel 3). our results showed that (1) 76 significant (p ... | 2014 | 25360796 |
| mapping qtls for cold tolerance at germination and the early seedling stage in rice (oryza sativa l.). | cold tolerance is an important breeding target in rice production. we studied quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling cold tolerance at germination (ctg) and early seedling (cts) stages, using recombinant inbred lines derived from a japonica × indica cross. ctg was evaluated based on the percentage rate of germination at 15 °c for 12 days after pre-incubation of imbibed seeds at 20 °c for 2 days. for cts, seven-day-old seedlings grown at 25 °c were subjected to two consecutive periods of thre ... | 2014 | 26740779 |
| evaluation of sample preparation methods from rice seeds and seedlings suitable for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. | in a proteomic study, sample preparation is very important because it affects the quality of protein profiles on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de). this study investigated the suitability of four protein extraction methods-direct lysis buffer extraction, trichloroacetic acid (tca)/acetone precipitation, phenol extraction, and polyethylene glycol (peg) fractionation-from rice seeds and seedlings (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica cv. khao dawk mali 105). the effectiveness of these methods was ... | 2015 | 25355004 |
| impact of rice cultivar and organ on elemental composition of phytoliths and the release of bio-available silicon. | the continental bio-cycling of silicon (si) plays a key role in global si cycle and as such partly controls global carbon (c) budget through nutrition of marine and terrestrial biota, accumulation of phytolith-occluded organic carbon (phytoc) and weathering of silicate minerals. despite the key role of elemental composition of phytoliths on their solubility in soils, the impact of plant cultivar and organ on the elemental composition of phytoliths in si high-accumulator plants, such as rice (ory ... | 2014 | 25346741 |
| thermodynamic analysis of unusually thermostable cuta1 protein from human brain and its protease susceptibility. | unusually stable proteins are a disadvantage for the metabolic turnover of proteins in cells. the cuta1 proteins from pyrococcus horikoshii and from oryza sativa (oscuta1) have unusually high denaturation temperatures (td) of nearly 150 and 100 °c, respectively, at ph 7.0. it seemed that the cuta1 protein from the human brain (hscuta1) also has a remarkably high stability. therefore, the thermodynamic stabilities of hscuta1 and its protease susceptibility were examined. the td was remarkably hig ... | 2015 | 25344844 |
| production of superoxide from photosystem ii in a rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant lacking psbs. | psbs is a 22-kda photosystem (ps) ii protein involved in non-photochemical quenching (npq) of chlorophyll fluorescence. rice (oryza sativa l.) has two psbs genes, psbs1 and psbs2. however, only inactivation of psbs1, through a knockout (psbs1-ko) or in rnai transgenic plants, results in plants deficient in qe, the energy-dependent component of npq. | 2014 | 25342550 |
| exploring the areas of applicability of whole-genome prediction methods for asian rice (oryza sativa l.). | our simulation results clarify the areas of applicability of nine prediction methods and suggest the factors that affect their accuracy at predicting empirical traits. whole-genome prediction is used to predict genetic value from genome-wide markers. the choice of method is important for successful prediction. we compared nine methods using empirical data for eight phenological and morphological traits of asian rice cultivars (oryza sativa l.) and data simulated from real marker genotype data. t ... | 2015 | 25341369 |
| transcripts of two ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase genes differentially localize in rice plants according to their distinct biological roles. | gibberellins (gas) are diterpenoid phytohormones that regulate various aspects of plant growth. tetracyclic hydrocarbon ent-kaurene is a biosynthetic intermediate of gas, and is converted from geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a common precursor of diterpenoids, via ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-cdp) through successive cyclization reactions catalysed by two distinct diterpene synthases, ent-cdp synthase and ent-kaurene synthase. rice (oryza sativa l.) has two ent-cdp synthase genes, oscps1 and oscps2. ... | 2015 | 25336684 |
| oscerk1 and osrlck176 play important roles in peptidoglycan and chitin signaling in rice innate immunity. | microbe-associated molecular pattern (mamp)-triggered immunity plays critical roles in the basal resistance defense response in plants. chitin and peptidoglycan (pgn) are major molecular patterns for fungi and bacteria, respectively. two rice (oryza sativa) lysin motif-containing proteins, oslyp4 and oslyp6, function as receptors that sense bacterial pgn and fungal chitin. these membrane receptors, which lack intracellular kinase domains, likely contain another component for transmembrane immune ... | 2014 | 25335639 |
| automated recovery of three-dimensional models of plant shoots from multiple color images. | increased adoption of the systems approach to biological research has focused attention on the use of quantitative models of biological objects. this includes a need for realistic three-dimensional (3d) representations of plant shoots for quantification and modeling. previous limitations in single-view or multiple-view stereo algorithms have led to a reliance on volumetric methods or expensive hardware to record plant structure. we present a fully automatic approach to image-based 3d plant recon ... | 2014 | 25332504 |
| rice chalky ring formation caused by temporal reduction in starch biosynthesis during osmotic adjustment under foehn-induced dry wind. | foehn-like extreme hot and dry wind conditions (34°c, >2.5 kpa vapor pressure deficit, and 7 m s(-1)) strongly affect grain quality in rice (oryza sativa l.). this is a current concern because of the increasing frequency and intensity of combined heat and water-deficit stress under climate change. foehn-induced dry wind conditions during the grain-filling stage increase ring-shaped chalkiness as a result of spatiotemporal reduction in starch accumulation in the endosperm, but kernel growth is so ... | 2014 | 25330305 |
| responses of photosynthetic properties and antioxidant enzymes in high-yield rice flag leaves to supplemental uv-b radiation during senescence stage. | despite the increasing occurrence of ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation, its molecular mechanism is poorly documented in higher plants compared to other environmental stress. in present study, the influence of supplemental uv-b radiation on photosynthetic performance and antioxidant enzymes in rice (oryza sativa l.) was investigated. supplemental uv-b radiation reduced net photosynthetic rate in rice flag leaves during senescence stage. by means of the jip-test, it was found that the potential of pr ... | 2015 | 25328096 |
| rice snf2 family helicase enl1 is essential for syncytial endosperm development. | the endosperm of cereal grains represents the most important source of human nutrition. in addition, the endosperm provides many investigatory opportunities for biologists because of the unique processes that occur during its ontogeny, including syncytial development at early stages. rice endospermless 1 (enl1) develops seeds lacking an endosperm but carrying a functional embryo. the enl1 endosperm produces strikingly enlarged amoeboid nuclei. these abnormal nuclei result from a malfunction in m ... | 2015 | 25327517 |
| cellular localization and detergent dependent oligomerization of rice allene oxide synthase-1. | allene oxide synthase-1 from oryza sativa (osaos1) localizes to the chloroplast, but lacks a putative chloroplast targeting sequence typically found in dicot aos. here, kinetic parameters and the oligomerization state/subunit composition of osaos1 were characterized in vitro in the absence or presence of detergent micelles. the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/k(m)) of osaos1 reached a maximum near the critical micelle concentration for polyoxyethylene 10 tridecyl ether. native gel analysis showed t ... | 2015 | 25326901 |
| the evolution of flowering strategies in us weedy rice. | • | 2014 | 25326616 |
| qtl analysis on rice grain appearance quality, as exemplifying the typical events of transgenic or backcrossing breeding. | rice grain shape and yield are usually controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (qtl). this study used a set of f9-10 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross of huahui 3 (bt/xa21) and zhongguoxiangdao, and detected 27 qtls on ten rice chromosomes. among them, twelve qtls responsive for grain shape/ or yield were mostly reproducibly detected and had not yet been reported before. interestingly, the two known genes involved in the materials, with one insect-resistant bt gene, and ... | 2014 | 25320558 |
| h2o2 pretreated rice seedlings specifically reduces arsenate not arsenite: difference in nutrient uptake and antioxidant defense response in a contrasting pair of rice cultivars. | the study investigated the reduction in metalloid uptake at equimolar concentrations (~53.3 μm) of as(iii) and as(v) in contrasting pair of rice seedlings by pretreating with h2o2 (1.0 μm) and sa (1.0 mm). results obtained from the contrasting pair (arsenic tolerant vs. sensitive) of rice seedlings (cv. pant dhan 11 and mtu 7029, respectively) shows that pretreatment of h2o2 and h2o2 + sa reduces as(v) uptake significantly in both the cultivars, while no reduction in the as(iii) uptake. the high ... | 2014 | 25320467 |
| screening of rice landraces for salinity tolerance at seedling stage through morphological and molecular markers. | the present investigation was carried out to evaluate 33 rice landrace genotypes for assessment of their salt tolerance at seedling stage. growth parameters like root length, shoot length and plant biomass were measured after 12 days of exposure to six different levels of saline solution (with electrical conductivity of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or 14 ds m (-1)). genotypes showing significant interaction and differential response towards salinity were assessed at molecular level using 11 simple sequence r ... | 2014 | 25320465 |
| in-syringe dispersive solid phase extraction: a novel format for electrospun fiber based microextraction. | a novel in-syringe dispersive solid phase extraction (dspe) system using electrospun silica fibers as adsorbents has been developed in the current work. a few milligrams of electrospun silica fibers were incubated in sample solution in the barrel of a syringe for microextraction assisted by vortex. due to the benefit of dispersion and the high mass transfer rate of the sub-microscale electrospun silica fibers, the extraction equilibrium was achieved in a very short time (less than 1 min). moreov ... | 2014 | 25317894 |
| identification and characterization of chloroplast casein kinase ii from oryza sativa (rice). | plastid casein kinase ii is an important regulator of transcription, posttranscriptional processes, and, most likely, different metabolic functions in dicotyledonous species. here we report the identification and characterization of pckii from the monocotyledonous species oryza sativa. ospckii activity was enriched from isolated rice chloroplasts using heparin-sepharose chromatography, in which it co-elutes with the transcriptionally active chromosome (tac) and several ribosomal proteins. inclus ... | 2015 | 25316064 |
| qtls for tolerance of drought and breeding for tolerance of abiotic and biotic stress: an integrated approach. | the coupling of biotic and abiotic stresses leads to high yield losses in rainfed rice (oryza sativa l.) growing areas. while several studies target these stresses independently, breeding strategies to combat multiple stresses seldom exist. this study reports an integrated strategy that combines qtl mapping and phenotypic selection to develop rice lines with high grain yield (gy) under drought stress and non-stress conditions, and tolerance of rice blast. | 2014 | 25314587 |
| osaux1 controls lateral root initiation in rice (oryza sativa l.). | polar auxin transport, mediated by influx and efflux transporters, controls many aspects of plant growth and development. the auxin influx carriers in arabidopsis have been shown to control lateral root development and gravitropism, but little is known about these proteins in rice. this paper reports on the functional characterization of osaux1. three osaux1 t-dna insertion mutants and rnai knockdown transgenic plants reduced lateral root initiation compared with wild-type (wt) plants. osaux1 ov ... | 2015 | 25311360 |
| divergence of gene body dna methylation and evolution of plant duplicate genes. | it has been shown that gene body dna methylation is associated with gene expression. however, whether and how deviation of gene body dna methylation between duplicate genes can influence their divergence remains largely unexplored. here, we aim to elucidate the potential role of gene body dna methylation in the fate of duplicate genes. we identified paralogous gene pairs from arabidopsis and rice (oryza sativa ssp. japonica) genomes and reprocessed their single-base resolution methylome data. we ... | 2014 | 25310342 |
| a snp in osmca1 responding for a plant architecture defect by deactivation of bioactive ga in rice. | plant architecture directly affects biomass in higher plants, especially grain yields in agricultural crops. in this study, we characterized a recessive mutant, plant architecture determinant (pad), derived from the oryza sativa ssp. indica cultivar mh86. the mutant exhibited severe dwarf phenotypes, including shorter and stunted leaves, fewer secondary branches during both the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. cytological studies revealed that pad mutant growth defects are primarily du ... | 2015 | 25307286 |
| unraveling the toxicity mechanisms of the herbicide diclofop-methyl in rice: modulation of the activity of key enzymes involved in citrate metabolism and induction of cell membrane anion channels. | residual soil concentrations of the herbicide diclofop-methyl (dm) can be toxic to other nontarget plant species, but the toxicity mechanisms at play are not fully understood. in the present study, we analyzed the toxic effect of dm on root growth and metabolism in the rice species oryza sativa. the results show that a 48-h exposure to a trace level (5 μg/l) of dm inhibits rice root growth by almost 70%. a 48-h exposure to 5 μg/l dm also leads to an ≈2.5-fold increase in citrate synthase (cs) ac ... | 2014 | 25307187 |
| acceleration of cyclic electron flow in rice plants (oryza sativa l.) deficient in the psbs protein of photosystem ii. | when compared with photosystem i (psi) in wild-type (wt) rice plants, psi in psbs-knockout (ko) plants that lack the energy-dependent component of nonphotochemical quenching (npq) was less sensitive to photoinhibition. therefore, we investigated the relationship between npq and cyclic electron flow (cef) around psi as a photoprotective mechanism. activities of two cef routes (pgr5-dependent or ndh-dependent) were compared between those genotypes by using both dark-adapted plants and pre-illumina ... | 2014 | 25306526 |
| comparative analyses of c₄ and c₃ photosynthesis in developing leaves of maize and rice. | c₄ and c₃ photosynthesis differ in the efficiency with which they consume water and nitrogen. engineering traits of the more efficient c₄ photosynthesis into c₃ crops could substantially increase crop yields in hot, arid conditions. to identify differences between c₄ and c₃ photosynthetic mechanisms, we profiled metabolites and gene expression in the developing leaves of zea mays (maize), a c₄ plant, and oryza sativa (rice), a c₃ plant, using a statistical method named the unified developmental ... | 2014 | 25306245 |
| rice, japonica (oryza sativa l.). | the importance of rice, as a food crop, is reflected in the extensive global research being conducted in an effort to improve and better understand this particular agronomic plant. in regard to biotechnology, this has led to the development of numerous genetic transformation protocols. over the years, many of these methods have become increasingly straightforward, rapid, and efficient, thereby making rice valuable as a model crop for scientific research and functional genomics. the focus of this ... | 2015 | 25300839 |
| inhibition effect of phenyl compounds from the oryza sativa roots on melanin production in murine b16-f10 melanoma cells. | five phenyl compounds, vanillin (1), methyl trans-ferulate (2), trans-p-coumaric acid methyl ester (3), n-benzoyltryptamine (4), and n-(trans-cinnamoyl)tryptamine (5), were isolated from the roots of oryza sativa l. and identified on the basis of spectroscopic data. compounds 3 and 5 showed strong inhibition effect on melanin production in murine b16-f10 melanoma cells and tyrosinase activity. also, the quantitative analysis of the compounds was carried out using lc/ms/ms experiment. compounds 3 ... | 2015 | 25299734 |
| uncertainties in predicting rice yield by current crop models under a wide range of climatic conditions. | predicting rice (oryza sativa) productivity under future climates is important for global food security. ecophysiological crop models in combination with climate model outputs are commonly used in yield prediction, but uncertainties associated with crop models remain largely unquantified. we evaluated 13 rice models against multi-year experimental yield data at four sites with diverse climatic conditions in asia and examined whether different modeling approaches on major physiological processes ... | 2015 | 25294087 |
| dissipation of phenanthrene and pyrene at the aerobic-anaerobic soil interface: differentiation induced by the rhizosphere of pah-tolerant and pah-sensitive rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars. | a pot experiment was conducted to reveal the removal of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) (phenanthrene, phe, and pyrene, pyr) during rice cultivation in a paddy field. the rhizosphere effect on facilitating dissipation of pahs varied simultaneously as a function of soil properties, pah types, cultivation time, and genotypes within rice cultivars, with differences performed for pyr but not phe. changes in soil plfa profiles evidenced that the growth of rice roots modified the dominant ... | 2015 | 25292301 |
| differential regulation of proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.) under iron deficiency. | sixty-three proteins were identified to be differentially accumulated due to iron deficiency in shoot and root. the importance of these proteins alterations on shoot physiology is discussed. iron (fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and its accumulation affects the quality of edible plant organs. to investigate the adaptive mechanism of a chinese rice variety grown under iron deficiency, proteins differentially accumulated in leaves and roots of yangdao 6, an indica cultivar, unde ... | 2015 | 25287133 |
| diversification of the c-terminally encoded peptide (cep) gene family in angiosperms, and evolution of plant-family specific cep genes. | small, secreted signaling peptides work in parallel with phytohormones to control important aspects of plant growth and development. genes from the c-terminally encoded peptide (cep) family produce such peptides which negatively regulate plant growth, especially under stress, and affect other important developmental processes. to illuminate how the cep gene family has evolved within the plant kingdom, including its emergence, diversification and variation between lineages, a comprehensive survey ... | 2014 | 25287121 |
| genetic differentiation revealed by selective loci of drought-responding est-ssrs between upland and lowland rice in china. | upland and lowland rice (oryza sativa l.) represent two of the most important rice ecotypes adapted to ago-ecosystems with contrasting soil-water conditions. upland rice, domesticated in the water-limited environment, contains valuable drought-resistant characters that can be used in water-saving breeding. knowledge about the divergence between upland and lowland rice will provide valuable cues for the evolution of drought-resistance in rice. genetic differentiation between upland and lowland ri ... | 2014 | 25286109 |
| precision genome editing in plants via gene targeting and piggybac-mediated marker excision. | precise genome engineering via homologous recombination (hr)-mediated gene targeting (gt) has become an essential tool in molecular breeding as well as in basic plant science. as hr-mediated gt is an extremely rare event, positive-negative selection has been used extensively in flowering plants to isolate cells in which gt has occurred. in order to utilize gt as a methodology for precision mutagenesis, the positive selectable marker gene should be completely eliminated from the gt locus. here, w ... | 2015 | 25284193 |