| biochemical and structural investigations on phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase from mycobacterium smegmatis. | mycobacterium smegmatis represents one model for studying the biology of its pathogenic relative mycobacterium tuberculosis. the structural characterization of a m. tuberculosis ortholog protein can serve as a valid tool for the development of molecules active against the m. tuberculosis target. in this context, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of m. smegmatis phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (prsa), the ortholog of m. tuberculosis prsa, the unique enzyme responsib ... | 2017 | 28419153 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome response to antituberculosis compounds reveals metabolic "escape" pathways that prolong bacterial survival. | tuberculosis (tb) continues to be one of the most common bacterial infectious diseases and is the leading cause of death in many parts of the world. a major limitation of tb therapy is slow killing of the infecting organism, increasing the risk for the development of a tolerance phenotype and drug resistance. studies indicate that mycobacterium tuberculosis takes several days to be killed upon treatment with lethal concentrations of antibiotics both in vitro and in vivo to investigate how metabo ... | 2017 | 28416555 |
| synthetic (p)ppgpp analogue is an inhibitor of stringent response in mycobacteria. | bacteria elicit an adaptive response against hostile conditions such as starvation and other kinds of stresses. their ability to survive such conditions depends, in part, on stringent response pathways. (p)ppgpp, considered to be the master regulator of the stringent response, is a novel target for inhibiting the survival of bacteria. in mycobacteria, the (p)ppgpp synthetase activity of bifunctional rel is critical for stress response and persistence inside a host. our aim was to design an inhib ... | 2017 | 28396544 |
| characterization of a mycobacterial cellulase and its impact on biofilm- and drug-induced cellulose production. | it was recently shown that mycobacterium tuberculosis produces cellulose which forms an integral part of its extracellular polymeric substances within a biofilm set-up. using mycobacterium smegmatis as a proxy model organism, we demonstrate that m. smegmatis biofilms treated with purified msmeg_6752 releases the main cellulose degradation-product (cellobiose), detected by using ionic chromatography, suggesting that msmeg_6752 encodes a cellulase. its overexpression in m. smegmatis prevents spont ... | 2017 | 28168306 |
| solution nmr studies of mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins for antibiotic target discovery. | tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by mycobacteriumtuberculosis, which triggers severe pulmonary diseases. recently, multidrug/extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis strains have emerged and continue to threaten global health. because of the development of drug-resistant tuberculosis, there is an urgent need for novel antibiotics to treat these drug-resistant bacteria. in light of the clinical importance of m. tuberculosis, 2067 structures of m. tuberculsosis proteins have been determ ... | 2017 | 28858250 |
| in silico drug design of thiolactomycin derivatives against mtb-kasa enzyme to inhibit multidrug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) is a leading infectious disease which kills a huge number of people every year over a decade, caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. the conventional drugs in the market are no longer effective due to the increasing mycobacterial resistance to antibiotics. hence, the need of finding efficient drugs to solve this multiple drug resistant factor is becoming an immediate issue. the first-line drugs in current practice for the treatment of tb emphasize on mycolic acid, which protects ... | 2017 | 28856604 |
| activity of human beta defensin-1 and its motif against active and dormant mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the ineffectiveness of anti-tuberculous therapy against dormant and drug-resistant mycobacteria demands scrutiny of alternative candidates like antimicrobial peptides having different mechanisms of action. the present study was designed to explore the activity of human beta defensin-1 (hbd-1) and its in silico identified short motif pep-b against active and dormant mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb) h37rv. activity of hbd-1 and pep-b was determined against actively growing m. tb in vitro, inside ... | 2017 | 28856417 |
| diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary cavity after liver transplantation. | although the outcomes have improved in the current era, pulmonary infection remains a significant post-transplant complication in liver transplant (lt) recipients. pulmonary infection with cavity formation often leads to higher mortality rates after lt. we wished to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary cavity (pc) formation after lt. | 2017 | 28856141 |
| sero-diagnosis of active mycobacterium tuberculosis disease among hiv co-infected persons using thymidylate kinase based antigen and antibody capture enzyme immuno-assays. | clinical and laboratory diagnosis of active tuberculosis (atb) and latent mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) infections (ltbi) among people living with hiv/aids (plwha) presents formidable challenges. in the past, who issued an advisory against the use of existing tb sero-diagnostics. emerging evidence, however, points to a precision of tb sero-diagnostics based on secretory rather than structural m. tuberculosis antigens. we hypothesized that secretory levels of m. tuberculosis thymid ... | 2017 | 28856068 |
| memory of natural killer cells: a new chance against mycobacterium tuberculosis? | natural killer (nk) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system, which play an important role in the initial defense against a wide variety of pathogens, including viruses and intracellular bacteria. nk cells produce cytokines that enhance immune responses directed toward pathogens and also exert cytotoxic activity against infected cells, thereby eliminating the reservoir of infection. their role in defense against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) has been recently studied, and there is in ... | 2017 | 28855906 |
| biosynthesis of ilamycins featuring unusual building blocks and engineered production of enhanced anti-tuberculosis agents. | tuberculosis remains one of the world's deadliest communicable diseases, novel anti-tuberculosis agents are urgently needed due to severe drug resistance and the co-epidemic of tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus. here, we show the isolation of six anti-mycobacterial ilamycin congeners (1-6) bearing rare l-3-nitro-tyrosine and l-2-amino-4-hexenoic acid structural units from the deep sea-derived streptomyces atratus scsio zh16. the biosynthesis of the rare l-3-nitrotyrosine and l-2-amino-4- ... | 2017 | 28855504 |
| il-21 receptor signaling is essential for optimal cd4(+) t cell function and control of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. | in this study, we determined the role of il-21r signaling in mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, using il-21r knockout (ko) mice. a total of 50% of m. tuberculosis h37rv-infected il-21r ko mice died in 6 mo compared with no deaths in infected wild type (wt) mice. m. tuberculosis-infected il-21r ko mice had enhanced bacterial burden and reduced infiltration of ag-specific t cells in lungs compared with m. tuberculosis-infected wt mice. ag-specific t cells from the lungs of m. tuberculosis-infec ... | 2017 | 28855309 |
| the clinical recovery of tuberculosis patients undergoing specific treatment is associated with changes in the immune and neuroendocrine responses. | tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis is a health problem worldwide. patients with pulmonary tb show a neuro-immune-endocrine imbalance characterized by an impaired cellular immunity together with increased plasma levels of cortisol, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and markedly decreased dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) levels. extending these findings, we now investigated the immune-endocrine profile of tb patients undergoing specific treatment. patients (n = 24) were bled at ... | 2017 | 28854691 |
| decoding the similarities and differences among mycobacterial species. | mycobacteriaceae comprises pathogenic species such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. leprae and m. abscessus, as well as non-pathogenic species, for example, m. smegmatis and m. thermoresistibile. genome comparison and annotation studies provide insights into genome evolutionary relatedness, identify unique and pathogenicity-related genes in each species, and explore new targets that could be used for developing new diagnostics and therapeutics. here, we present a comparative analysis of ten-myc ... | 2017 | 28854187 |
| ppar-γ and akt regulate glut1 and glut3 surface localization during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | the success of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) as a pathogen stems from its ability to manipulate the host macrophage towards increased lipid biogenesis and lipolysis inhibition. inhibition of lipolysis requires augmented uptake of glucose into the host cell causing an upregulation of the glucose transporters glut1 and glut3 on the cell surface. mechanism behind this upregulation of the glut proteins during mtb infection is hitherto unknown and demands intensive investigation in order to unders ... | 2017 | 28852964 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis major facilitator superfamily transporters. | the cell membrane or biofilm serve as permeable barrier for xenobiotics to maintain the homeostasis of cells or bacterial community. transport systems are essential for the uptake of nutrients and substances necessary for biofilm formation, efflux of deleterious compounds, as well as communication between cells and environment. major facilitator superfamily (mfs) represents the largest secondary transporter family and is responsible for the transport of a broad spectrum of substrates with divers ... | 2017 | 28852815 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis multidrug-resistant strain m induces low il-8 and inhibits tnf-α secretion by bronchial epithelial cells altering neutrophil effector functions. | m strain, the most prevalent multidrug-resistant strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) in argentina, has mounted mechanisms to evade innate immune response. the role of human bronchial epithelium in mtb infection remains unknown as well as its crosstalk with neutrophils (pmn). in this work, we evaluate whether m and h37rv strains invade and replicate within bronchial epithelial cell line calu-6 and how conditioned media (cm) derived from infected cells alter pmn responses. we demonstrated t ... | 2017 | 28852268 |
| label-free optical vibrational spectroscopy to detect the metabolic state of m. tuberculosis cells at the site of disease. | tuberculosis relapse is a barrier to shorter treatment. it is thought that lipid rich cells, phenotypically resistant to antibiotics, may play a major role. most studies investigating relapse use sputum samples although tissue bacteria may play an important role. we developed a non-destructive, label-free technique combining wavelength modulated raman (wmr) spectroscopy and fluorescence detection (nile red staining) to interrogate mycobacterium tuberculosis cell state. this approach could differ ... | 2017 | 28852109 |
| a comprehensive study of interaction between peptidoglycan fragments and extracelluar domain of mycobacterium tuberculosis ser/thr kinase pknb. | the mycobacterium tuberculosis ser/thr kinase pknb is implicated in the regulation of bacterial cell growth and cell division. the intracellular kinase function of pknb is thought to be triggered by peptidoglycan (pgn) fragments that are recognized by the extracytoplasmic domain of pknb. the pgn in the cell wall of m. tuberculosis has several unusual modifications including the presence of n-glycolyl groups (in addition to the n-acetyl groups) in the muramic acid residues, and amidation of d-glu ... | 2017 | 28851116 |
| an application of competitive reporter monitored amplification (cma) for rapid detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are essential parameters in molecular diagnostics and can be used for the early detection and clinical prognosis in various diseases. available methods for snp detection are still labor-intensive and require a complex laboratory infrastructure, which are not suitable for the usage in resource-limited settings. thus, there is an urgent need for a simple, reliable and rapid approach. in this paper we modified the previously developed competitive reporter moni ... | 2017 | 28850612 |
| non-invasive lung disease diagnostics from exhaled microdroplets of lung fluid: perspectives and technical challenges. | the combination of ultra-sensitive assay techniques and recent improvements in the instrumentation used to collect microdroplets of lung fluid (mlfs) from exhaled breath has enabled the development of noninvasive lung disease diagnostics that are based on mlf analysis. in one example of this approach, electrospun nylon filters were used to collect mlfs from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. the filters were washed to obtain liquid probes that were then tested for human immunoglobulin a (h-ig ... | 2017 | 28850044 |
| use of digital droplet pcr to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis dna in whole blood-derived dna samples from patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) is a chronic infectious disease that has been threatening public health for many centuries. the clinical diagnostic procedure for tb is time-consuming and laborious. in the last 20 years, real-time fluorescence-based quantitative pcr (real-time pcr) has become a better alternative for tb diagnosis in clinics due to its sensitivity and specificity. recently, digital droplet pcr (ddpcr) has been developed, and it might be an ideal alternative to conventional real-time pcr for mic ... | 2017 | 28848722 |
| abdominal tuberculosis and spontaneous miscarriage. | we present a case report of a 23-year-old pakistani woman who had a second trimester spontaneous miscarriage while visiting her family in the kingdom of saudi arabia. a dilatation and curettage (d&c) was done after the miscarriage. she developed sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring intensive care unit admission a few days after the d&c. an exploratory laparotomy was done and she was found to have a pelvic abscess. despite adequate broad spectrum antimicrobial cover, she cont ... | 2017 | 28847990 |
| synthesis and in vitro investigation of halogenated 1,3-bis(4-nitrophenyl)triazenide salts as antitubercular compounds. | the diverse pharmacological properties of the diaryltriazenes have sparked the interest to investigate their potential to be repurposed as antitubercular drug candidates. in an attempt to improve the antitubercular activity of a previously constructed diaryltriazene library, eight new halogenated nitroaromatic triazenides were synthesized and underwent biological evaluation. the potency of the series was confirmed against the mycobacterium tuberculosis lab strain h37ra and for the most potent de ... | 2017 | 28845550 |
| integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics reveals a complex diet of mycobacterium tuberculosis during early macrophage infection. | nutrient acquisition from the host environment is crucial for the survival of intracellular pathogens, but conceptual and technical challenges limit our knowledge of pathogen diets. to overcome some of these technical roadblocks, we exploited an experimentally accessible model for early infection of human macrophages by mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, to study host-pathogen interactions with a multi-omics approach. we collected metabolomics and complete transcr ... | 2017 | 28845460 |
| phenolic glycolipid facilitates mycobacterial escape from microbicidal tissue-resident macrophages. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) enters the host in aerosol droplets deposited in lung alveoli, where the bacteria first encounter lung-resident alveolar macrophages. we studied the earliest mycobacterium-macrophage interactions in the optically transparent zebrafish. first-responding resident macrophages phagocytosed and eradicated infecting mycobacteria, suggesting that to establish a successful infection, mycobacteria must escape out of the initially infected resident macrophage into growth-p ... | 2017 | 28844797 |
| anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase: binding determinants for 5'-phospho-alpha-d-ribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate (prpp) and the implications for inhibitor design. | phosphoribosyltransferases (prts) bind 5'-phospho-α-d-ribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate (prpp) and transfer its phosphoribosyl group (prib) to specific nucleophiles. anthranilate prt (anprt) is a promiscuous prt that can phosphoribosylate both anthranilate and alternative substrates, and is the only example of a type iii prt. comparison of the prpp binding mode in type i, ii and iii prts indicates that anprt does not bind prpp, or nearby metals, in the same conformation as other prts. a structure with a ... | 2017 | 28844746 |
| antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antimycobacterial activities of the essential oil of psidium guineense sw. and spathulenol. | leaves from psidium guineense sw. are used in popular medicine for the treatment of inflammatory disease. however, there is no scientific evidence demonstrating this activity. | 2017 | 28844678 |
| relation of mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations at katg315 and inha-15 with drug resistance profile, genetic background, and clustering in argentina. | we analyzed 362 isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis obtained countrywide for the presence of mutation at katg315 and inha-15 in relation to genotype, pattern of phenotypic resistance to other drugs, and ability to spread. we found the following mutation frequencies: katg315mut/inha-15wt 53.0%, katg315wt/inha-15mut 27.4%, katg315wt/inha-15wt 19.3%, and katg315mut/inha-15mut only 0.3%. mutation at katg315 associated with the lam superfamily; mutation at inha-15 asso ... | 2017 | 28844342 |
| clofazimine protects against mycobacterium tuberculosis dissemination in the cns following an aerosol challenge in a murine model. | tuberculosis (tb) has been the scourge of the human race for many decades, claiming countless number of lives along the way. this is further complicated by the ability of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) to infect extra-pulmonary sites, more specifically the brain. these forms of tb are difficult to treat due to the problems associated with drug delivery across the blood brain barrier (bbb). linezolid (lzd and clofazimine (cfz) are two of the more promising anti-tb antibiotics in recent times. | 2017 | 28843822 |
| activity of 2-(quinolin-4-yloxy)acetamides in mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates and identification of their molecular target by whole genome sequencing. | the 2-(quinolin-4-yloxy)acetamides (qoas) have been reported as promising molecules for tuberculosis treatment. recent studies demonstrated its potent antimycobacterial activity, as well as its biological stability and synergism with rifampicin. the identification of the molecular target is an essential step towards the development of a novel drug candidate. here we report the target identification of the qoas. we found that these compounds are active against isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, s ... | 2017 | 28843821 |
| specific immune responses in mice following subchronic exposure to acetamiprid. | acetamiprid (ace) is an insecticide of the neonicotinoid family, the most widely used in the world. herein, we assessed the effect of ace on either the humoral or cellular immune responses of rodents. we also evaluated the role of curcumin in the restoration of altered immune responses after ace treatment. | 2017 | 28843496 |
| inhibiting mycobacterial tryptophan synthase by targeting the inter-subunit interface. | drug discovery efforts against the pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) have been advanced through phenotypic screens of extensive compound libraries. such a screen revealed sulfolane 1 and indoline-5-sulfonamides 2 and 3 as potent inhibitors of mycobacterial growth. optimization in the sulfolane series led to compound 4, which has proven activity in an in vivo murine model of mtb infection. here we identify the target and mode of inhibition of these compounds based on whole genome sequenci ... | 2017 | 28842600 |
| structural basis of the pe-ppe protein interaction in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, has developed multiple strategies to adapt to the human host. the five type vii secretion systems, esx-1-5, direct the export of many virulence-promoting protein effectors across the complex mycobacterial cell wall. one class of esx substrates is the pe/ppe family of proteins, which is unique to mycobacteria and essential for infection, antigenic variation and host-pathogen interactions. the genome of mtb encodes 168 pe/ppe p ... | 2017 | 28842489 |
| rapid and visual detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow strips. | to definitively diagnose active pulmonary tuberculosis (tb), mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) bacilli must be identified within clinical specimens from patients. in this study, we introduced a rapid and visual detection method of mtbc using recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) combined with lateral flow (lf) strips. the lf-rpa assay, read results with naked eyes, could detect as few as 5 genome copies of m. tuberculosis h37rv (atcc 27294) per reaction and had no cross-reactions wi ... | 2017 | 28842221 |
| esrra (estrogen related receptor, alpha) is a key coordinator of transcriptional and post-translational activation of autophagy to promote innate host defense. | the orphan nuclear receptor essra (estrogen related receptor, alpha) is a key regulator of energy homeostasis and mitochondrial function. macroautophagy/autophagy, an intracellular degradation process, is a critical innate effector against intracellular microbes. here, we demonstrate that esrra is required for the activation of autophagy to promote innate antimicrobial defense against mycobacterial infection. amp-activated protein kinase pathway and sirt1 (sirtuin 1) activation led to induction ... | 2017 | 28841353 |
| an expanding role for environmental microbes in shaping the immune response to infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | | 2017 | 28841029 |
| interferon gamma release assay in response to pe35/ppe68 proteins: a promising diagnostic method for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis. | tuberculosis control relies on the identification and preventive treatment of people who are latently infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). pe/ppe proteins have been reported to elicit cd4 and/or cd8 responses either in the form of whole recombinant proteins or as individual peptides. very few of the pe and ppe proteins have been previously tested for responses in patients with tb and healthy donors. this is the first study to evaluate the interferon gamma release assay (igra) after st ... | 2017 | 28840843 |
| bis-spirochromanones as potent inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis: synthesis and biological evaluation. | on the basis of reported antimycobacterial property of chroman-4-one pharmacophore, a series of chemically modified bis-spirochromanones were synthesized starting from 2-hydroxyacetophenone and 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5] decan-8-one using a kabbe condensation approach. the synthesized bis-spirochromanones were established based on their spectral data and x-ray crystal structure of 6e. all synthesized compounds were evaluated against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv (atcc 27294) strain, finding that som ... | 2017 | 28840414 |
| smear grading and the mantoux skin test can be used to predict sputum smear conversion in patients suffering from tuberculosis. | purpose: smear scores and induration sizes resulting from the ppd (tuberculin purified protein derivative) test can serve as indicators of whether a patient suffering from tuberculosis shows smear conversion or not. methods: using microbiological methods smear and sputum tests, patients diagnosed as infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis between 2002 and 2015 were included in this study. all of the assumed factors that may have a role in smear conversion were studied, in addition to the prolon ... | 2017 | 28840092 |
| molecular characterisation of isoniazid resistant clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis from khyber pakhtunkhwa, pakistan. | to investigate the frequency of mutations in catalase-peroxidase and inhibin alpha genes in clinical isolates of isoniazid resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. | 2017 | 28839308 |
| correction for arora et al., "respiratory flexibility in response to inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase in mycobacterium tuberculosis". | | 2017 | 28839085 |
| differences in pathogenicity of three animal isolates of mycobacterium species in a mouse model. | animal mycobacterioses are among the most important zoonoses worldwide. these are generally caused by either mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), m. bovis (mbo) or m. avium (mav). to test the hypothesis that different species of pathogenic mycobacteria isolated from varied anatomic locations or animal species differ in virulence and pathogenicity, we performed experiments with three mycobacteria strains (ntse-3(mtb), ntse-4(mbo) and ntse-5 (mav)) obtained from animal species. spoligotyping analysis ... | 2017 | 28837698 |
| immune characterization of the hbha-specific response in mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected patients with or without hiv infection. | rd1-based interferon-γ release assays (igras) cannot distinguish latent from active tuberculosis (tb) disease. conversely, a positive response to heparin-binding haemagglutinin (hbha)-based igras, among tb-infected subjects, correlates with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) containment and low risk of tb progression. the aim of this study was to characterize hbha-immune responses in hiv-infected and uninfected subjects with active tb or latent tb infection (ltbi). | 2017 | 28837654 |
| assessment of the influence of direct tobacco smoke on infection and active tb management. | smoking is a risk factor for tuberculosis (tb) infection and disease progression. tobacco smoking increases susceptibility to tb in a variety of ways, one of which is due to a reduction of the ifn-γ response. consequently, an impaired immune response could affect performance of ifn-γ release assays (igras). | 2017 | 28837570 |
| preclinical assessment of a (68)ga-dota-functionalized depsipeptide as a radiodiagnostic infection imaging agent. | the study assessed a radiolabeled depsipeptide conjugate ((68)ga-dota-tbia101) for its potential as an imaging agent targeting infection or infection-associated inflammation. (68)ga-labeled dota-tbia101 imaging was performed in (nzr1) healthy rabbits; (nzr2) rabbits bearing muscular sterile inflammation and staphylococcus aureus (sa) infection; and (nzr3) rabbits infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) combined with a subcutaneous scruff infection of sa in the same animal. all animals wer ... | 2017 | 28837117 |
| tuberculosis in healthcare workers, scotland. | in an attempt to explore healthcare worker acquisition of tuberculosis infection, we conducted population-based surveillance of all cases recorded as healthcare workers reported to enhanced surveillance of mycobacterial infection from 2000 to 2015. over the study period, the mean incidence rate of tuberculosis among all healthcare workers was 15.4 per 100,000 healthcare workers. however, the incidence rate of tuberculosis amongst those healthcare workers born outside the uk was 164.8 per 100,000 ... | 2017 | 28836925 |
| metabolic activity of mature biofilms of mycobacterium tuberculosis and other non-tuberculous mycobacteria. | mycobacteria are classified into two groups, fast- and slow-growing. often, fast-growing mycobacteria are assumed to have a higher metabolic activity than their slower counterparts, but in mature biofilms this assumption might not be correct. indeed, when measuring the metabolic activity of mycobacterial biofilms with two independent non-invasive techniques (isothermal microcalorimetry and tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry), mature biofilms of slow- and fast-growing species appeared mo ... | 2017 | 28835629 |
| evolutionary pathway analysis and unified classification of east asian lineage of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | due to its rapid spread and association with the numerous outbreaks, the global spread of east asian lineage of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains presents a global concern. although there were many attempts to describe its population structure, no consensus has been reached yet. to define unbiased classification that will facilitate future studies of this lineage, we analyzed the performance and congruence of eight different genotyping schemes based on phylogenetic analysis of 1,398 strains fro ... | 2017 | 28835627 |
| development of water-soluble 3,5-dinitrophenyl tetrazole and oxadiazole antitubercular agents. | in this work, four series of tertiary amine-containing derivatives of 3,5-dinitrophenyl tetrazole and oxadiazole antitubercular agents were prepared, and their in vitro antimycobacterial effects were evaluated. we found that the studied compounds showed lipophilicity-dependent antimycobacterial activity. the n-benzylpiperazine derivatives, which had the highest lipophilicity among all of the series, showed the highest in vitro antimycobacterial activities against mycobacterium tuberculosis cnctc ... | 2017 | 28835350 |
| irak-m alters the polarity of macrophages to facilitate the survival of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | intracellular bacterium, mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb), infects specifically macrophages as host cells. irak-m, a member of irak family, is a negative regulator in tlr signaling and specifically expresses in monocytes and macrophages. the role of irak-m in intracellular growth of m. tb and macrophage polarization was explored, for deeply understanding the pathogenesis of m. tb, the significance of irak-m to innate immunity and pathogen-host interaction. | 2017 | 28835201 |
| mechanism of the nitric oxide dioxygenase reaction of mycobacterium tuberculosis hemoglobin n. | many globins convert •no to innocuous no3(-) through their nitric oxide dioxygenase (nod) activity. mycobacterium tuberculosis fights the oxidative and nitrosative stress imposed by its host (the toxic effects of o2•(-) and •no species and their oono(-) and •no2 derivatives) through the action of truncated hemoglobin n (trhbn), which catalyzes the nod reaction with one of the highest rates among globins. the general nod mechanism comprises the following steps: binding of o2 to the heme, diffusio ... | 2017 | 28835102 |
| total synthesis and mass spectrometric analysis of a mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphatidylglycerol featuring a two-step synthesis of (r)-tuberculostearic acid. | we report the total synthesis of (r)-tuberculostearic acid-containing mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphatidylglycerol (pg). the approach features a two-step synthesis of (r)-tuberculostearic acid, involving an (s)-citronellyl bromide linchpin, and the phosphoramidite-assisted assembly of the full pg structure. collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry of two chemically-synthesized pg acyl regioisomers revealed diagnostic product ions formed by preferential loss of carboxylate at the secon ... | 2017 | 28831486 |
| new amide and dioxopiperazine derivatives from leaves of breynia nivosa. | the first chemical investigation of leaves of breynia nivosa from nigeria resulted in the isolation of two new amide derivatives breynivosamides a and b (1 and 2) and two new dioxopiperazine derivatives breynivosines a and b (4 and 5) together with seven known compounds (3, 6-11). the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by 1d, 2d nmr and hresims data as well as by comparison with the literature. all isolated compounds were tested for the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. only c ... | 2017 | 28830789 |
| emergence and clonal transmission of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis among patients in chad. | emergence of multidrug-resistant (mdr) strains constitutes a significant public health problem worldwide. prevalence of mdr tuberculosis from chad is unavailable to date. | 2017 | 28830384 |
| diagnostic utility of a line probe assay for multidrug resistant-tb in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. | to evaluate the performance of genotype mtbdrplus ver 2.0 in the diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) in sputum smear-negative pulmonary tb cases. | 2017 | 28829779 |
| design, synthesis, and evaluation of substituted nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad(+)) synthetase inhibitors as potential antitubercular agents. | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad(+)) synthetase catalyzes the last step in nad(+) biosynthesis. depletion of nad(+) is bactericidal for both active and dormant mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). by inhibiting nad(+) synthetase (nade) from mtb, we expect to eliminate nad(+) production which will result in cell death in both growing and nonreplicating mtb. nade inhibitors have been investigated against various pathogens, but few have been tested against mtb. here, we report on the expansion o ... | 2017 | 28827112 |
| purinergic signaling: a common path in the macrophage response against mycobacterium tuberculosis and toxoplasma gondii. | immune responses are essential for the protection of the host against external dangers or infections and are normally efficient in the clearance of invading microbes. however, some intracellular pathogens have developed strategies to replicate and survive within host cells resulting in latent infection associated with strong inflammation. this excessive response can cause cell and tissue damage and lead to the release of the intracellular content, in particular the nucleotide pool, into the extr ... | 2017 | 28824882 |
| innate immune activation can trigger experimental spondyloarthritis in hla-b27/huβ2m transgenic rats. | spondyloarthritis (spa) does not display the typical features of auto-immune disease. despite the strong association with mhc class i, cd8(+) t cells are not required for disease induction in the hla-b27/huβ2m transgenic rats. we used lewis hla-b27/huβ2m transgenic rats [21-3 × 283-2]f1, hla-b7/huβ2m transgenic rats [120-4 × 283-2]f1, and wild-type rats to test our hypothesis that spa may be primarily driven by the innate immune response. in vitro, splenocytes were stimulated with heat-inactivat ... | 2017 | 28824645 |
| bolstering immunity through pattern recognition receptors: a unique approach to control tuberculosis. | the global control of tuberculosis (tb) presents a continuous health challenge to mankind. despite having effective drugs, tb still has a devastating impact on human health. contributing reasons include the emergence of drug-resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the aids-pandemic, and the absence of effective vaccines against the disease. indeed, alternative and effective methods of tb treatment and control are urgently needed. one such approach may be to more effectively engage ... | 2017 | 28824632 |
| tuberculosis of the sternoclavicular joint. | | 2017 | 28824083 |
| virtual screening and repositioning of inconclusive molecules of beta-lactamase bioassays-a data mining approach. | this study focuses on the best possible way forward in utilizing inconclusive molecules of pubchem bioassays aid 1332, aid 434987 and aid 434955, which are related to beta-lactamase inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). the inadequacy in the experimental methods that were observed during the invitro screening resulted in an inconclusive dataset. this could be due to certain moieties present within the molecules. in order to reconsider such molecules, insilico methods can be suggested i ... | 2017 | 28822333 |
| protein kinase g confers survival advantage to mycobacterium tuberculosis during latency like conditions. | protein kinase g (pkng), a thioredoxin-fold containing eukaryotic like serine/threonine protein kinase (stpk), is a virulence factor in the mycobacterium tuberculosis, required for inhibition of phago-lysosomal fusion. here, we unravelled novel functional facets of pkng during latency like conditions. we find that pkng mediates persistence under stressful conditions like hypoxia and abets drug tolerance. pkng mutant displayed minimal growth in nutrient limiting conditions suggesting its role in ... | 2017 | 28821621 |
| il-17 production of neutrophils enhances antibacteria ability but promotes arthritis development during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | to our knowledge, no studies have examined the role of il-17 production by neutrophils in immune defense against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) caused by mtb infection. here, we determined that neutrophils express il-17 in an autocrine il-6- and il-23-dependent manner during mtb infection. mtb h37rv-induced il-6 production was dependent on the nf-κb, p38, and jnk signaling pathways; however, il-23 production was dependent on nf-κb and ... | 2017 | 28821374 |
| pknb remains an essential and a conserved target for drug development in susceptible and mdr strains of m. tuberculosis. | the mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) protein kinase b (pknb) which is now proved to be essential for the growth and survival of m.tb, is a transmembrane protein with a potential to be a good drug target. however it is not known if this target remains conserved in otherwise resistant isolates from clinical origin. the present study describes the conservation analysis of sequences covering the inhibitor binding domain of pknb to assess if it remains conserved in susceptible and resistant clinical ... | 2017 | 28821299 |
| incident mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in household contacts of infectious tuberculosis patients in brazil. | in household contact investigations of tuberculosis (tb), a second tuberculin skin test (tst) obtained several weeks after a first negative result consistently identifies individuals that undergo tst conversion. it remains unclear whether this delay in m. tuberculosis infection is related to differences in the infectious exposure, tst boosting, partial host resistance, or some other factor. | 2017 | 28821234 |
| proteogenomic investigation of strain variation in clinical mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. | mycobacterium tuberculosis consists of a large number of different strains that display unique virulence characteristics. whole-genome sequencing has revealed substantial genetic diversity among clinical m. tuberculosis isolates, and elucidating the phenotypic variation encoded by this genetic diversity will be of utmost importance to fully understand m. tuberculosis biology and pathogenicity. in this study we integrated whole-genome sequencing and mass spectrometry (gelc-ms/ms) to reveal strain ... | 2017 | 28820946 |
| the active site flexibility of mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase in dimer form. | tuberculosis (tb) still remains as global threat due to the emerging of drug resistant strain. instead of focus on drug target of active stage tb, we are highlighting the isocitrate lyase (icl) at the dormant stage tb. icl is one of the persistent factors for mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) to survive during dormant phase. in addition, the absent of icl in human has made icl a potential drug target for tb therapy. however, the dynamics details of icl which could give insights to the icl-ligand ... | 2017 | 28820943 |
| paradoxical worsening of a case of tb subretinal abscess with serpiginous-like choroiditis following the initiation of antitubercular therapy. | a 37-year-old immunocompetent male patient presented with the blurring of vision, both eyes for the past1 year. fundus examination revealed bilateral multiple subretinal abscesses with areas of healed serpiginous-like choroiditis. laboratory investigations showed positive tuberculin skin test, positive quantiferon tb-gold test, and high resolution computed tomography chest showed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. the aqueous sample revealed polymerase chain reaction (pcr) positive for mycobacter ... | 2017 | 28820170 |
| extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis of the lumbar spine in a six-year-old child: a case report. | the emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (xdr-tb) is a challenging paradigm shift faced by the tb control programs worldwide today. the treatment is further compounded with unique management difficulties faced in pediatric patients. treatment of xdr-tb requires prolonged chemotherapy with second-line drugs which offer lesser potency and increased risk of drug-related side effects. we present a case of spinal xdr-tb in a child, managed with extended second-line antitubercular chem ... | 2017 | 28819600 |
| multiple jejunal perforation secondary to intestinal tuberculosis infection: a case report. | abdominal tuberculosis (tb) may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. there is an increase in the incidence of abdominal tb favored by the emergence of multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis and immunosuppression especially from hiv co-infection. our case is that of a 31 year old hiv-positive woman, adherent to antiretroviral therapy, who presented with a 2 month history of progressive abdominal distention, drenching night sweat ... | 2017 | 28819499 |
| delta inulin-based adjuvants promote the generation of polyfunctional cd4(+) t cell responses and protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | there is an urgent need for the rational design of safe and effective vaccines to protect against chronic bacterial pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis. advax™ is a novel adjuvant based on delta inulin microparticles that enhances immunity with a minimal inflammatory profile and has entered human trials to protect against viral pathogens. in this report we determined if advax displays broad applicability against important human pathogens by assessing protective immunity against infectio ... | 2017 | 28819247 |
| recent advances of pyrazole-containing derivatives as anti-tubercular agents. | one-third of the world's population infected tuberculosis (tb), and more than 1 million deaths annually. the co-infection between the mainly pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and hiv, and the incidence of drug-resistant tb, multi-drug resistant tb, extensively drug-resistant tb as well as totally drug-resistant tb have further aggravated the mortality and spread of this disease. thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel anti-tb agents against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant ... | 2017 | 28818767 |
| raw starch microparticles have immunostimulant activity in mice vaccinated with bcg and challenged with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the main challenge for vaccine development or improvement is the lack of safe adjuvants or immunostimulants that induce protective immune responses and can be used for mucosal immunization, which is a highly desirable strategy for vaccination against infectious diseases acquired by oral or intranasal routes. one promising alternative is the use of biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric microparticles. recently, we developed an immobilization and delivery system with starch microparticles (smp ... | 2017 | 28818565 |
| experimental study of tuberculosis: from animal models to complex cell systems and organoids. | tuberculosis (tb) is a devastating disease to mankind that has killed more people than any other infectious disease. despite many efforts and successes from the scientific and health communities, the prospect of tb elimination remains distant. on the one hand, sustainable public health programs with affordable and broad implementation of anti-tb measures are needed. on the other hand, achieving tb elimination requires critical advances in three areas: vaccination, diagnosis, and treatment. it is ... | 2017 | 28817682 |
| peripheral clinic versus centralized laboratory-based xpert mtb/rif performance: experience gained from a pragmatic, stepped-wedge trial in botswana. | in 2011, the botswana national tuberculosis program adopted world health organization guidelines and introduced xpert mtb/rif (xpert) assay to support intensified case finding among people living with hiv enrolling in care. an evaluation was designed to assess performance under operational conditions to inform the national xpert scale-up. | 2017 | 28817643 |
| in vitro antitubercular activity of 3-deoxysappanchalcone isolated from the heartwood of caesalpinia sappan linn. | responsible for nearly 1.5 million deaths every year, the infectious disease tuberculosis remains one of the most serious challenges to global health. the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and, more recently, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis poses a significant threat in our effort to control this epidemic. new drugs are urgently needed to combat the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. to achieve this goal, we screened approximately 500 species of medicinal plant metha ... | 2017 | 28816372 |
| biophysical screening of a focused library for the discovery of cyp121 inhibitors as novel antimycobacterials. | the development of novel antimycobacterial agents against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is urgently required due to the appearance of multi-drug resistance (mdr) combined with a complicated long-term treatment. cyp121 was shown to be a promising novel target for inhibition of mycobacterial growth. in this study, we describe the rational discovery of new cyp121 inhibitors by a systematic screening based on biophysical and microbiological methods. best hits originating from only one structural ... | 2017 | 28815923 |
| determinants of the inhibition of dpre1 and cyp2c9 by antitubercular thiophenes. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) dpre1, an essential isomerase for the biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall, is a validated target for tuberculosis (tb) drug development. here we report the x-ray crystal structures of dpre1 and the dpre1 resistant mutant (y314c) in complexes with tca1 derivatives to elucidate the molecular basis of their inhibitory activities and an unconventional resistance mechanism, which enabled us to optimize the potency of the analogs. the selected lead compound sho ... | 2017 | 28815830 |
| detection of first-line drug resistance mutations and drug-protein interaction dynamics from tuberculosis patients in south india. | diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis predominantly relies on culture-based drug susceptibility testing, which take weeks to produce a result and a more time-efficient alternative method is multiplex allele-specific pcr (mas-pcr). also, understanding the role of mutations in causing resistance helps better drug designing. | 2017 | 28813625 |
| detection of anti-hspx antibodies and hspx protein in patient sera for the identification of recent latent infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogen causing tuberculosis (tb) a spectrum of disease including acute and asymptomatic latent stages. identifying and treating latently-infected patients constitutes one of the most important impediments to tb control efforts. those individuals can remain undiagnosed for decades serving as potential reservoirs for disease reactivation. tests for the accurate diagnosis of latent infection currently are unavailable. hspx protein (α-crystallin), encoded by rv2031c ... | 2017 | 28813434 |
| rauvolfianine, a new antimycobacterial glyceroglycolipid and other constituents from rauvolfia caffra. sond (apocynaceae). | the chemical investigation of the extract of the dried leaves of rauvolfia caffra (sond) (synonym rauvolfia macrophylla) (apocynaceae) led to isolation of a new glycoside derivative, rauvolfianine (1) as well as six known compounds: oleanolic acid (2), sitosterol-3-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), betulinic acid (4), vellosimine (5), sarpagine (6) and d-fructofuranosyl-β-(2→1)-α-d-glucopyranoside (7). compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 were evaluated for antitubercular activity. compounds 1 and 2 were the mos ... | 2017 | 28812370 |
| recombinant expression and biochemical characterization of mycobacterium tuberculosis 3fe-4s ferredoxin rv1786. | ferredoxins are iron-sulfur protein that mediate electron transfer in cytochrome p450 mono-oxygenase (cyp)-related catalytic reactions in a wide variety of organisms. rv1786 is a putative ferredoxin, encoded by a gene located downstream of the gene encoding cyp143a1 in the mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. however, the structure and function of rv1786 have remained unclear. here, the recombinant mtb rv1786 was expressed, purified as a his-tagged form and characterized with [3fe-4s] clusters as ... | 2017 | 28812125 |
| delayed effects of transcriptional responses in mycobacterium tuberculosis exposed to nitric oxide suggest other mechanisms involved in survival. | mycobacterium tuberculosis has succeeded as a human pathogen for tens of thousands of years thanks to its ability to resist and adapt to the adverse conditions it encounters upon infection. bacterial adaptation to stress is commonly viewed in the context of transcriptional regulation, with the implicit expectation that an initial transcriptomic response is tightly coupled to an ensuing proteomic response. however, after challenging m. tuberculosis with nitric oxide we found that the rapid transc ... | 2017 | 28811595 |
| the capacity of mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive iron starvation might enable it to persist in iron-deprived microenvironments of human granulomas. | this study was conducted to investigate the role of iron deprivation in the persistence of mycobacterium tuberculosis we present evidence of iron restriction in human necrotic granulomas and demonstrate that under iron starvation m. tuberculosis persists, refractive to antibiotics and capable of restarting replication when iron is made available. transcriptomics and metabolomic analyses indicated that the persistence of m. tuberculosis under iron starvation is dependent on strict control of endo ... | 2017 | 28811344 |
| outcomes from patients with presumed drug resistant tuberculosis in five reference centers in brazil. | the implementation of rapid drug susceptibility testing (dst) is a current global priority for tb control. however, data are scarce on patient-relevant outcomes for presumptive diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis (pdr-tb) evaluated under field conditions in high burden countries. | 2017 | 28810911 |
| [analysis of infection and drug-resistance in 6 107 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in chengdu area]. | objective: to analyze the infection and drug resistance of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, in order to provide useful references for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis (tb). methods: a total of 6 107 suspected cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, including lymph node, pleural, peritoneal, meningeal, urinary tract, and bone tuberculosis, were collected retrospectively from january 2013 to december 2015 in public health clinical center of chengdu. there were 4 033 male and 2 074 female patient ... | 2017 | 28810312 |
| microencapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles as a hybrid platform for pulmonary antibiotic delivery. | solid lipid nanoparticles (sln) containing rifabutin (rfb), with pulmonary administration purposes, were developed through a technique that avoids the use of organic solvents or sonication. to facilitate their pulmonary delivery, the rfb-loaded sln were included in microspheres of appropriate size using suitable excipients (mannitol and trehalose) through a spray-drying technique. confocal analysis microscopy showed that microspheres are spherical and that sln are efficiently microencapsulated a ... | 2017 | 28809501 |
| allium sativum constituents exhibit anti-tubercular activity in vitro and in raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cells infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. | long duration of treatment, side-effects of currently used anti-tubercular drugs and emergence of drug-resistant forms of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) warrants the need to develop new drugs to tackle the scourge of tuberculosis (tb). garlic is an edible plant reported to have anti-tubercular activity. however, previous researches on anti-tubercular effect of garlic were focused mostly on preliminary in vitro screening. | 2017 | 28808382 |
| assessment of tuberculosis spatial hotspot areas in antananarivo, madagascar, by combining spatial analysis and genotyping. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a public health problem in madagascar. a crucial element of tb control is the development of an easy and rapid method for the orientation of tb control strategies in the country. our main objective was to develop a tb spatial hotspot identification method by combining spatial analysis and tb genotyping method in antananarivo. | 2017 | 28806916 |
| new synthetic lipid antigens for rapid serological diagnosis of tuberculosis. | during pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) antibodies are generated to trehalose esters of mycolic acids which are cell wall lipids of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). attempts have been made to use these complex natural mixtures in serological tests for ptb diagnosis. | 2017 | 28806423 |
| linking high-throughput screens to identify moas and novel inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis dihydrofolate reductase. | though phenotypic and target-based high-throughput screening approaches have been employed to discover new antibiotics, the identification of promising therapeutic candidates remains challenging. each approach provides different information, and understanding their results can provide hypotheses for a mechanism of action (moa) and reveal actionable chemical matter. here, we describe a framework for identifying efficacy targets of bioactive compounds. high throughput biophysical profiling against ... | 2017 | 28806050 |
| a multiple-antigen detection assay for tuberculosis diagnosis based on broadly reactive polyclonal antibodies. | detection of circulating mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) antigens is promising in tuberculosis (tb) diagnosis. however, not a single antigen marker has been found to be widely expressed in all tb patients. this study is aimed to prepare broadly reactive polyclonal antibodies targeting multiple antigen markers (multi-target antibodies) and evaluate their efficacies in tb diagnosis. | 2017 | 28804606 |
| prevalence and treatment outcome of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis plus additional drug resistance from the national clinical center for tuberculosis in china: a five-year review. | the objective of this study was to explore the prevalence and primary clinical outcomes of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis plus addition resistance to all drug tested (xdr-tb-plus) between 2011 and 2015 in beijing chest hospital. | 2017 | 28804028 |
| the potential of a portable, point-of-care electronic nose to diagnose tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) is the leading cause of death due to an infectious disease worldwide. especially in low-income countries, new diagnostic techniques that are accessible, inexpensive and easy-to-use, are needed to shorten transmission time and initiate treatment earlier. | 2017 | 28804027 |
| rifampin vs. rifapentine: what is the preferred rifamycin for tuberculosis? | one-third of the world's population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb.). latent tuberculosis infection (ltbi) can progress to tuberculosis disease, the leading cause of death by infection. rifamycin antibiotics, like rifampin and rifapentine, have unique sterilizing activity against m.tb. what are the advantages of each for ltbi or tuberculosis treatment? areas covered: we review studies assessing the pharmacokinetics (pk), pharmacodynamics (pd), drug interaction risk, safety, an ... | 2017 | 28803492 |
| effect of dmso on protein structure and interactions assessed by collision-induced dissociation and unfolding. | given the frequent use of dmso in biochemical and biophysical assays, it is desirable to understand the influence of dmso concentration on the dissociation or unfolding behavior of proteins. in this study, the effects of dmso on the structure and interactions of avidin and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) cyp142a1 were assessed through collision-induced dissociation (cid) and collision-induced unfolding (ciu) as monitored by nanoelectrospray ionization-ion mobility-mass spectrometry (nesi-im-ms) ... | 2017 | 28803470 |
| the minipig as an animal model to study mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and natural transmission. | in endemic countries more than 20% of tuberculosis (tb) cases are in infants and children. current animal models study tb during adulthood but animal models for infant tb are scarce. here we propose that minipigs can be used as an animal model to study adult, adolescent and infant tb including natural transmission. in these studies, two-month old minipigs (representing infant age in humans) and six-month old minipigs (representing adolescence in humans) were infected via the aerosol route with h ... | 2017 | 28802411 |
| evaluation of 24-locus miru-vntr genotyping in mycobacterium tuberculosis cluster investigations in four jurisdictions in the united states, 2006-2010. | the u.s. centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) uses a combination of spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats (miru-vntr) analyses as part of the national tb genotyping service (ntgs). the ntgs expansion from 12-locus miru-vntr (miru12) to 24-locus miru-vntr (miru24) in 2009 enhanced the ability to discriminate mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. in the current study, we investigated the miru24 conc ... | 2017 | 28802410 |
| down-regulation of malate synthase in mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra leads to reduced stress tolerance, persistence and survival in macrophages. | malate synthase is a condensing enzyme responsible for conversion of glyoxylate to malate in the presence of acetyl-coa. this reaction helps in bypassing the tca cycle reactions involving carbon loss and leads to diverting some of the carbon skeletons to gluconeogenic events while rest can continue to provide tca cycle intermediates. malate synthase (glcb) is encoded by mra_1848 of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra (mtb-ra). we developed a knockdown (kd) mtb-ra strain by down-regulating glcb. the ... | 2017 | 28802408 |