| diagnosis, admission, discharge. | the respiratory syncytial virus should be considered as the most likely pathogen in an infant or young child with a significant acute lower respiratory tract infection during the characteristic epidemic season. while the diagnosis of an rsv infection is relatively straight forward, the clinical diagnosis applied to the associate illness is far less clear cut. criteria for assessment is based on clinical assessment of severity at examination and associated risk factors. social factors may further ... | 2009 | 19651395 |
| special populations. | bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalisation in infancy, with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) being the most common pathogen. younger age, especially infants younger than 3 months of age, environmental factors and genetic susceptibility, are associated with increased risk of hospitalisation. most importantly, conditions such as prematurity, in particular if associated with chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, lung disease such as cystic fibrosis, neuromuscular disease or impa ... | 2009 | 19651396 |
| evolution of prophylaxis: moab, sirna, vaccine, and small molecules. | despite the considerable impact that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections have in the health of children and adults, the development of therapeutic interventions has been remarkably slow. in the 1980s, advances in the characterisation of neutralising antibodies against rsv led to the development and clinical application of a polyclonal immunoglobulin preparation with high titres of neutralising antibodies against rsv (rsv ivig). the next step was the development of neutralising monoclona ... | 2009 | 19651397 |
| role of ventilation in rsv disease: cpap, ventilation, hfo, ecmo. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract disease may present as bronchiolitis, an obstructive lung disease with hyperinflation, or pneumonitis, a restrictive parenchymal disease with diffuse consolidation, a large intrapulmonary shunt and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). although a significant proportion of those admitted to hospital will require some form of respiratory support, there have been few randomised studies to determine which is the most beneficial. studies ... | 2009 | 19651398 |
| long-term airway morbidity following viral lrti in early infancy: recurrent wheezing or asthma? | episodes of lower respiratory illnesses (lris) in the first years of life have been associated with recurrent wheeze in studies of high-risk and community-based cohorts. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an agent especially associated with severe cases of bronchiolitis affecting young infants in winter months and has a typical seasonal pattern. data from the children's respiratory study from arizona and a hospital-based swedish study have been interpreted as evidence that severe rsv bronchiol ... | 2009 | 19651399 |
| pneumoviruses infect eosinophils and elicit myd88-dependent release of chemoattractant cytokines and interleukin-6. | eosinophils are recruited to the lung in response to infection with pneumovirus pathogens and have been associated with both the pathophysiologic sequelae of infection and, more recently, with accelerated virus clearance. here, we demonstrate that the pneumovirus pathogens, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), can infect human and mouse eosinophils, respectively, and that virus infection of eosinophils elicits the release of disease-related proinflammatory mediato ... | 2009 | 19652202 |
| respiratory syncytial virus grown in vero cells contains a truncated attachment protein that alters its infectivity and dependence on glycosaminoglycans. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) contains a heavily glycosylated 90-kda attachment glycoprotein (g). infection of hep-2 and vero cells in culture depends largely on virion g protein binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans (gags). this gag-dependent phenotype has been described for rsv grown in hep-2 cells, but we have found that it is greatly reduced by a single passage in vero cells. virions produced from vero cells primarily display a 55-kda g glycoprotein. this smaller g protein rep ... | 2009 | 19656891 |
| human respiratory syncytial virus a2 strain replicates and induces innate immune responses by respiratory epithelia of neonatal lambs. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a pneumovirus that causes significant respiratory disease in premature and full-term infants. it was our hypothesis that a common strain of rsv, strain a2, would infect, cause pulmonary pathology, and alter respiratory epithelial innate immune responses in neonatal lambs similarly to rsv infection in human neonates. newborn lambs between 2 and 3 days of age were inoculated intrabronchially with rsv strain a2. the lambs were sacrificed at days 3, 6, and ... | 2009 | 19659901 |
| are meteorological parameters associated with acute respiratory tract infections? | information on the onset of epidemics of acute respiratory tract infections (aris) is useful in timing preventive strategies (eg, the passive immunization of high-risk infants against respiratory syncytial virus [rsv]). aiming at better predictions of the seasonal activity of ari pathogens, we investigated the influence of climate on hospitalizations for aris. | 2009 | 19663691 |
| importance of viral and bacterial infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. | few studies have evaluated the contribution of both viruses and bacteria in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd). | 2009 | 19665425 |
| [effect of ribavirin upon secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in respiratory syncytial virus-induced asthma exacerbation of mice]. | to investigate the role of ribavirin (rib) in treating respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced asthma exacerbation of mice. | 2009 | 19671341 |
| [infections with respiratory syncytial virus. underestimated risk during anaesthesia in infants]. | infections with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are responsible for a large proportion of seasonal winter airway diseases. after an infection with rsv no persistent immunity remains. adults show no or only a few symptoms similar to the common cold. however, in preterm and newborn children rsv infections lead to severe and even life-threatening bronchiolitis. these children require supplementary oxygen and often need respiratory support. the infection with rsv considerably enhances the risk of ... | 2009 | 19672564 |
| viral etiology of acute respiratory infections among iranian hajj pilgrims, 2006. | every year more than 2 million pilgrims from different countries in the world including iran participate in the annual hajj in saudi arabia. respiratory diseases have been the most common cause of illnesses among iranian pilgrims. | 2009 | 19674262 |
| clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infection-associated acute otitis media. | it is known that children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection frequently have complications of acute otitis media (aom). | 2009 | 19674360 |
| estimating sensitivity of laboratory testing for influenza in canada through modelling. | the weekly proportion of laboratory tests that are positive for influenza is used in public health surveillance systems to identify periods of influenza activity. we aimed to estimate the sensitivity of influenza testing in canada based on results of a national respiratory virus surveillance system. | 2009 | 19688094 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prevention and treatment: past, present, and future. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a very important pathogen worldwide. it occurs and recurs naturally throughout life. both short and long term morbidity, and mortality are particularly significant for infants, especially those infants with underlying conditions and risk factors. current treatment strategies for these patients (e.g ribavirin) are limited but several new interventions (e.g. rsv604, bta9881, aln-rsv01) are under investigation. several preventive agents and strategies have been ... | 2009 | 19689261 |
| ectopic catalase expression in mitochondria by adeno-associated virus enhances exercise performance in mice. | oxidative stress is thought to compromise muscle contractility. however, administration of generic antioxidants has failed to convincingly improve performance during exhaustive exercise. one possible explanation may relate to the inability of the supplemented antioxidants to effectively eliminate excessive free radicals at the site of generation. here, we tested whether delivering catalase to the mitochondria, a site of free radical production in contracting muscle, could improve treadmill perfo ... | 2009 | 19690612 |
| simultaneous detection of human bocavirus and adenovirus by multiplex real-time pcr in a belgian paediatric population. | since the discovery of human bocavirus (hbov), the virus has been detected worldwide in respiratory tract samples from young children by various polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays and real-time pcrs (q-pcr). until now, no data have been reported on the presence of hbov in belgium and the detection of hbov in a multiplex q-pcr setting has not been described. the aim of this study was to develop a fast and reliable multiplex q-pcr for the simultaneous detection of hbov dna and adenovirus (adv) ... | 2009 | 19705175 |
| prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) risk factors and cost implications of immunoprophylaxis to infants 32 to 35 weeks gestation for health plans in the united states. | during the period of this study, the american academy of pediatrics (aap) 2006 guidelines recommended respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis for infants 32 to 35 weeks gestation age (wga) with two or more of five risk factors (rfs). new recommendations have recently been published in 2009. the cost implications of expanding this list of rfs to include other evidence-based rfs like passive smoke exposure (pse), crowded living conditions (clcs), and young chronological age (yca) are unclear ... | 2010 | 19706010 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection induces a reactive oxygen species-msk1-phospho-ser-276 rela pathway required for cytokine expression. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a human pathogen that induces airway inflammation, at least in part, by modulating gene expression programs in airway epithelial cells. the presence of rsv replication is detected by the intracellular retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) rna helicase that forms a productive signaling complex with the mitochondrion-anchored mavs protein, resulting in nuclear translocation of the nf-kappab transcription factor. although nuclear translocation is a prerequisite ... | 2009 | 19706715 |
| palivizumab: a review of its use in the protection of high risk infants against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of hospitalization in children less than 1 year of age and causes substantial morbidity. although there is not currently a vaccine available to prevent rsv infection, prophylaxis with the humanized monoclonal antibody palivizumab has been shown to reduce the rate of rsv hospitalization in premature infants and those infants with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease. because palivizumab has not been shown to have a beneficial clinic ... | 2007 | 19707346 |
| review of palivizumab in the prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in high-risk infants. | in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease the balance between the innate and adaptive immune responses determines the expression of the pathological phenotype favoring the development of acute bronchiolitis, and in certain children the development of recurrent wheezing. while humoral antibody plays a major role in protection against disease, t-cell immunity targeted to viral proteins appears to terminate viral infection. at the moment, treatment modalities for acute rsv infection do not effec ... | 2008 | 19707374 |
| ards as presenting symptom in an infant with cd40l deficiency (hyper-igm syndrome type 1). | we report on a 4 month old male infant with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). a diagnostic algorithm including extended infectiological and immunological work-up revealed absence of cd40-ligand. ards was treated successfully with a complex respiratory therapy plus intravenous immunoglobulin substitution. molecular analysis detected mutations in the cd40l gene (hyper-igm syndrome type 1). the case underlines the importance of an ext ... | 2009 | 19707993 |
| mutational analysis reveals a noncontractile but interactive role of actin and profilin in viral rna-dependent rna synthesis. | as obligatory parasites, viruses co-opt a variety of cellular functions for robust replication. the expression of the nonsegmented negative-strand rna genome of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a significant pediatric pathogen, absolutely requires actin and is stimulated by the actin-regulatory protein profilin. as actin is a major contractile protein, it was important to determine whether the known functional domains of actin and profilin were important for their ability to activate rsv trans ... | 2009 | 19710142 |
| predictors of the duration of the respiratory syncytial virus season. | data from national surveillance shows significant regional variation in the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) season. to enable accurate recommendations for surveillance and prophylaxis at a local level, we examined this variation in detail and determined predictors for the duration of the rsv season. | 2009 | 19710584 |
| comparative evaluation of real-time pcr and conventional rt-pcr during a 2 year surveillance for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus among children with acute respiratory infections in kolkata, india, reveals a distinct seasonality of infection. | acute respiratory tract infections (artis) are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the predominant aetiological agents during seasonal epidemics, and thus rapid and sensitive molecular tests for screening for such agents and timely identification of epidemics are required. this study compared real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) with conventional rt-pcr for parallel identification of influenz ... | 2009 | 19713363 |
| fulminant pertussis: a multi-center study with new insights into the clinico-pathological mechanisms. | pertussis carries a high risk of mortality in very young infants. the mechanism of refractory cardio-respiratory failure is complex and not clearly delineated. we aimed to examine the clinico-pathological features and suggest how they may be related to outcome, by multi-center review of clinical records and post-mortem findings of 10 patients with fulminant pertussis (fp). all cases were less than 8 weeks of age, and required ventilation for worsening respiratory symptoms and inotropic support f ... | 2009 | 19725100 |
| development of a real-time pcr for the specific detection of waddlia chondrophila in clinical samples. | waddlia chondrophila is considered as an emerging human pathogen likely involved in miscarriage and lower respiratory tract infections. given the low sensitivity of cell culture to recover such an obligate intracellular bacteria, molecular-based diagnostic approaches are warranted. we thus developed a real-time pcr that amplifies waddlia chondrophila dna. specific primers and probe were selected to target the 16s rrna gene. the pcr specifically amplified w. chondrophila but did not amplify other ... | 2009 | 19727868 |
| comparison of human metapneumovirus infection with respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. | we aimed to validate a direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) for the detection of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) from nasal swabs and to determine the incidence and clinical features of this viral infection in a pediatric population. one hundred twenty-one of 3026 nasal swabs were positive for hmpv by dfa (4.0%). compared with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, the sensitivity and specificity of dfa were 90%, and 100%, respectively. compared with rsv, hmpv infection was more common i ... | 2009 | 19730154 |
| does the viral subtype influence the biennial cycle of respiratory syncytial virus? | the epidemic pattern of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is quite different in regions of europe (biennial epidemics in alternating cycles of approximately 9 and 15 months) than in the western hemisphere (annual epidemics). in order to determine if these differences are accounted for by the circulation of different rsv subtypes, we studied the prevalence of rsv subtype a and b strains in zagreb county from 1 january 2006 to 31 december 2007. | 2009 | 19735540 |
| from the american academy of pediatrics: policy statements--modified recommendations for use of palivizumab for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | palivizumab was licensed in june 1998 by the us food and drug administration for prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in pediatric patients who are at increased risk of severe disease. safety and efficacy have been established for infants born at or before 35 weeks' gestation with or without chronic lung disease of prematurity and for infants and children with hemodynamically significant heart disease. the american academy of pediatric ... | 2009 | 19736258 |
| impaired immune response in severe human lower tract respiratory infection by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory infection in infants. the immune response plays a leading role in the severity of the disease. we hypothesized that severe rsv disease is associated with an impaired immune response characterized by low circulating t lymphocytes and plasma cytokine concentrations. | 2009 | 19738511 |
| n-terminally truncated c protein, cndelta25, of human parainfluenza virus type 3 is a potent inhibitor of viral replication. | the c protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is a multifunctional accessory protein that inhibits viral transcription and interferon (ifn) signaling. in the present study, we found that removal of n-terminal 25 or 50 amino acid residues from the c protein (cndelta25 or cndelta50) totally abolished viral rna synthesis in the hpiv3 minigenome system. further n-terminal or c-terminal deletion impaired the inhibitory ability of cndelta25 and cndelta50. subsequent mutagenesis analysis su ... | 2009 | 19747707 |
| human metapneumovirus associated with central nervous system infection in children. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an established pathogen of the respiratory tract of children and adults. hmpv is related to other paramyxoviruses known to cause encephalitis. reports suggest that hmpv may cause disease of the central nervous system (cns). | 2009 | 19755929 |
| sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the rna1 and rna2 segments of korean rice stripe virus isolates and comparison with those of china and japan. | rice stripe virus (rsv) is one of the most destructive pathogens of rice plants in east asia. the rsv genome consists of four single-stranded rna segments. we have determined and compared the complete nucleotide sequences of the rna1 and rna2 segments and the deduced amino acid sequence of each orf of the 13 korean rsv isolates and established their relationships with reported rsv sequences from china and japan. our results showed that the average percent nucleotide divergence based on the full- ... | 2009 | 19756358 |
| risk factors for respiratory failure associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. | risk factors associated with respiratory failure during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection have not been assessed in adults. we identified rsv by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 58 adults during the 2007-2008 winter. clinical variables and respiratory secretion viral loads were compared in 26 outpatients and 32 inpatients. cardiopulmonary diseases were more common among inpatients than outpatients (91% vs 31%, p = .0001), whereas mean rsv load was similar ... | 2009 | 19758094 |
| stochastic modeling of the transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the region of valencia, spain. | in this paper, we study the dynamics of the transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the population using stochastic models. the stochastic models are developed introducing stochastic perturbations on the demographic parameter as well as on the transmission rate of the rsv. numerical simulations of the deterministic and stochastic models are performed in order to understand the effect of fluctuating birth rate and transmission rate of the rsv on the population dynamics. the numerical ... | 2009 | 19758545 |
| development of a real-time multiplex rsv detection assay for difficult respiratory samples, using ultrasone waves and mnazyme technology. | elderly infected with human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) often bear low viral loads that stay below the detection limits of commercial assays. a more sensitive detection of rsv infections can improve patient management, guide containment strategies, and possibly prevent morbidity and mortality among populations most severely affected by rsv. | 2009 | 19758841 |
| cell cycle arrest by transforming growth factor beta1 enhances replication of respiratory syncytial virus in lung epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common respiratory viral infection in children which is associated with immune dysregulation and subsequent induction and exacerbations of asthma. we recently reported that treatment of primary human epithelial cells (phbe cells) with transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) enhanced rsv replication. here, we report that the enhancement of rsv replication is mediated by induction of cell cycle arrest. these data were confirmed by using pharmacologic inhib ... | 2009 | 19759128 |
| a novel 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein inhibitor, am679, reduces inflammation in the respiratory syncytial virus-infected mouse eye. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of viral respiratory disease in children, and rsv bronchiolitis has been associated with the development of asthma in childhood. rsv spreads from the eye and nose to the human respiratory tract. correlative studies of humans and direct infection studies of balb/c mice have established the eye as a significant pathway of entry of rsv to the lung. at the same time, rsv infection of the eye produces symptoms resembling allergic conjunctivitis. ... | 2009 | 19759251 |
| survey of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in kyoto prefecture from 2003 to 2007. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infants can develop into a severe condition. | 2010 | 19761516 |
| a multi-drug regimen for respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus infections in adult lung and heart-lung transplant recipients. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus (piv) can cause significant morbidity and mortality in lung and heart-lung transplant recipients. we evaluated the utility of a multi-drug protocol for the treatment of rsv- and piv-related infections. | 2010 | 19761558 |
| motavizumab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important respiratory viral pathogen of infancy. the only unequivocally effective pharmacological compound for the management of rsv infection is palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody against the fusion protein of rsv. recently, motavizumab, a similar but more potent monoclonal antibody, has been developed and tested against palivizumab. | 2009 | 19764889 |
| [palivizumab immunoprophylaxis: use in clinical practice, safety and beneficial effects in france]. | infants treated have been followed for one year in order to assess conditions of use of palivizumab, safety, tolerability, and its impact on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalisation rate. | 2009 | 19767182 |
| protective efficacy and immunogenicity of an adenoviral vector vaccine encoding the codon-optimized f protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | adenoviral vectors (adv) have received considerable attention for vaccine development because of their high immunogenicity and efficacy. in previous studies, it was shown that dna immunization of mice with codon-optimized expression plasmids encoding the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv f) resulted in enhanced protection against rsv challenge compared to immunization with plasmids carrying the wild-type cdna sequence of rsv f. in this study, we constructed adv carrying the codo ... | 2009 | 19776123 |
| systemic t-helper and t-regulatory cell type cytokine responses in rhinovirus vs. respiratory syncytial virus induced early wheezing: an observational study. | rhinovirus (rv) associated early wheezing has been recognized as an independent risk factor for asthma. the risk is more important than that associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease. no comparative data are available on the immune responses of these diseases. | 2009 | 19781072 |
| association of human metapneumovirus with radiologically diagnosed community-acquired alveolar pneumonia in young children. | to determine the involvement of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in childhood community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (caap) and compare the demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of hmpv-associated caap and caap associated with other respiratory viruses. | 2010 | 19782998 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection and palivizumab: are families receiving accurate information? | the aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of information provided by medical practitioners to families regarding the efficacy and limitations of prophylaxis with palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infants. a single-question survey was distributed to medical practitioners who described themselves as having both prescribed palivizumab for infants and discussed the effects of the drug with families. responses were anonymous and returned immediately after reviewing ... | 2010 | 19784911 |
| incidence and severity of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in rural kenyan children identified through hospital surveillance. | although necessary for developing a rationale for vaccination, the burden of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in children in resource-poor settings remains poorly defined. | 2009 | 19788358 |
| optimized adeno-associated virus (aav)-protein phosphatase-5 helper viruses for efficient liver transduction by single-stranded aav vectors: therapeutic expression of factor ix at reduced vector doses. | abstract our studies have shown that coinjection of conventional single-stranded adeno-associated virus 2 (ssaav2) vectors carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene with self-complementary (sc) aav2-t cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (tc-ptp) and scaav2-protein phosphatase-5 (pp5) vectors resulted in an approximately 16-fold increase in egfp expression in primary murine hepatocytes in vivo [jayandharan, g.r., zhong, l., li, b., kachniarz, b., and srivastava, a. (2008). gene th ... | 2010 | 19788390 |
| total healthcare costs in the us for preterm infants with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory infection in the first year of life requiring medical attention. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory infection (lri) is the most common cause of hospitalization among infants <1 year of age. the healthcare costs of preterm infants with rsv lri were compared with those without rsv lri in the first year of life. | 2009 | 19788406 |
| selective modification of rice (oryza sativa) gene expression by rice stripe virus infection. | rice stripe disease, caused by rice stripe virus (rsv), is one of the major virus diseases in east asia. rice plants infected with rsv usually show symptoms such as chlorosis, weakness, necrosis in newly emerged leaves and stunting. to reveal rice cellular systems influenced by rsv infection, temporal changes in the transcriptome of rsv-infected plants were monitored by a customized rice oligoarray system. the transcriptome changes in rsv-infected plants indicated that protein-synthesis machiner ... | 2010 | 19793907 |
| [investigation of respiratory syncytial virus by three different methods in children with lower respiratory tract infection]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important viral agent leading to lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of rsv by direct immunofluorescence antibody (dfa), cell culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in children with lower respiratory tract infection. nasotracheal aspirate specimens collected from 80 hospitalized patients aged between 0-24 months and clinically diagnosed as lower respiratory tract infect ... | 2009 | 19795618 |
| [the role of serum leptin in infants with wheezing after respiratory syncytial virus infected]. | to determine the role of serum leptin in infants with wheezing after respiratory syncytial virus infected. | 2009 | 19799014 |
| human hepg2 cells support respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus replication. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human respiratory syncytial (rsv) virus cause mild to severe infections of the respiratory tract in all age groups. so far, several cell lines derived from respiratory tissues have been identified to support replication of both viruses. unfortunately, titers attained during replication differ between the both viruses within one cell line despite equal infection conditions, on the one hand giving raise to the assumption that the individual susceptibility may vary ... | 2010 | 19799934 |
| the human neonatal b cell response to respiratory syncytial virus uses a biased antibody variable gene repertoire that lacks somatic mutations. | the human ab repertoire exhibits restrictions during fetal life characterized by biases of variable gene segment usage and lack of junctional diversity. we tested the hypotheses that ab repertoire restriction persists in the early postnatal period and contributes to the observed poor quality of specific ab responses made by neonates to viruses and vaccines. we analyzed the molecular determinants of b cell responses in humans to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). analysis of the variable gene seg ... | 2009 | 19804909 |
| cost effectiveness of palivizumab in children with congenital heart disease in germany. | to assess the cost effectiveness of palivizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody, used as prevention against severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection requiring hospitalisation, in infants with haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (chd) in the german healthcare setting. | 2009 | 19811110 |
| cost effectiveness of palivizumab for rsv prevention in high-risk children in the netherlands. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common pathogen that is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. high-risk children are at risk of severe infection, which may require hospitalisation. rsv is also associated with a high risk for respiratory morbidity and mortality, which may have long-term clinical and economic consequences. | 2009 | 19811111 |
| microneutralization assay for the measurement of neutralizing antibodies to human metapneumovirus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a newly discovered virus which causes respiratory illness in persons of all ages. | 2009 | 19818678 |
| progress in the surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in europe: 2001-2008. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) surveillance is important to get insight into the burden of disease and epidemic pattern of rsv infection. this information is useful for healthcare resource allocation as well as the timing of preventive messages and palivizumab prophylaxis. for influenza surveillance the european influenza surveillance scheme (eiss) was established in 1996, but no surveillance platform is available for rsv. to improve surveillance an rsv task group was established in 2003 and ... | 2009 | 19822120 |
| respiratory syncytial virus, human bocavirus and rhinovirus bronchiolitis in infants. | to investigate the prevalence of 14 viruses in infants with bronchiolitis and to study demographic and clinical differences in those with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human bocavirus (hbov) and rhinovirus (rv) infection. | 2010 | 19822538 |
| detection and hazard assessment of pathogenic microorganisms in medical wastes. | this study was undertaken to investigate the types and concentrations of microbial agents in various medical wastes as well as to characterize their survivals in these wastes at different temperatures for microbial risk assessment. medical wastes collected from 5 major hospitals in south korea were classified and stored at three different temperatures (-20, 6, and 30 degrees c). presence of various microorganisms such as pathogenic viruses and bacteria were investigated by both cultivation and b ... | 2009 | 19827491 |
| [construction of minireplicon of human respiratory syncytial virus]. | the reverse genetics technology is an important way to develop genetically engineered attenuated living human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine candidates. as the pilot experiment,it is necessary to prepare rsv minireplicon and investigate its biological activity. | 2009 | 19835166 |
| low incidence of severe respiratory syncytial virus infections in lung transplant recipients despite the absence of specific therapy. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in lung transplant recipients (ltrs) have been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. immunoglobulins, ribavirin, and palivizumab are suggested treatments for both pre-emptive and therapeutic purposes. however, in the absence of randomized, placebo-controlled trials, efficacy is controversial and there is toxicity as well as cost concerns. | 2010 | 19837611 |
| empiric antibiotics are justified for infants with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection presenting with respiratory failure: a prospective study and evidence review. | although some studies indicate a low risk of serious bacterial infection in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), these studies focused on patients who did not progress to respiratory failure. we hypothesized the composite diagnosis of concomitant bacterial pneumonia (cbp) is common in lower risk infants with rsv who present in respiratory failure. the aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of cbp in low-risk infants mechanically ventilated for rsv respiratory failure and to ... | 2010 | 19838143 |
| [transferability of trial results into clinical practice: examples taken from paediatric practice]. | since 2000 there has been sufficient evidence that chest x-rays are unnecessary in infants and children with uncomplicated lower respiratory tract infection. the reason is that neither the diagnosis nor the first therapeutic decisions will be influenced by the result of this procedure, and especially so if children have been infected with the respiratory syncytial virus. however, epidemiological studies in germany reveal an ongoing use of chest x-ray in these cases. this might suggest that the x ... | 2009 | 19839210 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of camels (camelus dromedaries). | this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in camels in sudan. a total of 272 camel lung specimens showing pneumonia were collected from slaughter houses at four different areas in sudan, additionally 8 specimens were collected from outbreaks of respiratory infection in camels. using sandwich elisa kits for rsv antigen detection 4 out of 280 tested lungs (1.4%) were positive, all were from central sudan (tambool slaughter house). fat was used t ... | 2010 | 19840769 |
| potent high-affinity antibodies for treatment and prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus derived from b cells of infected patients. | native human abs represent attractive drug candidates; however, the low frequency of b cells expressing high-quality abs has posed a barrier to discovery. using a novel single-cell phenotyping technology, we have overcome this barrier to discover human abs targeting the conserved but poorly immunogenic central motif of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein. for the entire cohort of 24 subjects with recent rsv infection, b cells producing abs meeting these stringent specificity criteria wer ... | 2009 | 19841167 |
| the requirement for cellular transportin 3 (tnpo3 or trn-sr2) during infection maps to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid and not integrase. | recent genome-wide screens have highlighted an important role for transportin 3 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection and preintegration complex (pic) nuclear import. moreover, hiv-1 integrase interacted with recombinant transportin 3 protein under conditions whereby moloney murine leukemia virus (mlv) integrase failed to do so, suggesting that integrase-transportin 3 interactions might underscore active retroviral pic nuclear import. here we correlate infectivity defects in t ... | 2010 | 19846519 |
| [association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-308g/a and interleukin-6-174g/c gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis]. | to study the association of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha-308g/a and interleukin (il)-6-174g/c gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | 2009 | 19849941 |
| [detection of respiratory syncytial virus in children with respiratory tract infections by nucleic acid amplification fluorogenic quantitative assay]. | nucleic acid amplification (pcr) fluorogenic quantitative assay is used for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. this study was designed to explore the sensitivity of pcr fluorogenic quantitative assay for ascertaining respiratory rsv infection and rsv infection conditions by detecting the presence of rsv-rna related sequences in children. | 2009 | 19849942 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection facilitates acute colonization of pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. | pseudomonas aeruginosa causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals and patients ventilated mechanically and is the major pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis, in which it causes chronic infections. epidemiological, in vitro and animal data suggest a role for respiratory virus infections in facilitating colonization and infection with p. aeruginosa. a study was undertaken to determine whether respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection could facilitate the initiation of ... | 2009 | 19856469 |
| serum kl-6 levels as a biomarker of lung injury in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | to evaluate whether kl-6 concentration is a useful biomarker of the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, we determined kl-6 concentrations in patients with rsv bronchiolitis with or without chronic heart disease (chd). we enrolled 52 patients who had been diagnosed with rsv bronchiolitis and required admission to the hospital at the department of pediatrics of fukushima medical university school of medicine from 2004 to 2005. these patients were divided into two groups: g ... | 2009 | 19856476 |
| vaccination to induce antibodies blocking the cx3c-cx3cr1 interaction of respiratory syncytial virus g protein reduces pulmonary inflammation and virus replication in mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes substantial morbidity and some deaths in the young and elderly worldwide. there is no safe and effective vaccine available, although it is possible to reduce the hospitalization rate for high-risk children by anti-rsv antibody prophylaxis. rsv has been shown to modify the immune response to infection, a feature linked in part to rsv g protein cx3c chemokine mimicry. this study determined if vaccination with g protein polypeptides or peptides spa ... | 2010 | 19864390 |
| intranasal immunization of mice with a bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine induces superior immunity and protection compared to those by subcutaneous delivery or combinations of intranasal and subcutaneous prime-boost strategies. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infects cells of the respiratory mucosa, so it is desirable to develop a vaccination strategy that induces mucosal immunity. to achieve this, various delivery routes were compared for formalin-inactivated (fi) brsv formulated with cpg oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) and polyphosphazene (pp). intranasal delivery of the fi-brsv formulation was superior to subcutaneous delivery in terms of antibody, cell-mediated, and mucosal immune responses, as well as reducti ... | 2010 | 19864487 |
| introduction of a novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus into milwaukee, wisconsin in 2009. | on 17 april 2009, novel swine origin influenza a virus (s-oiv) cases appeared within the united states. most influenza a diagnostic assays currently utilized in local clinical laboratories do not allow definitive subtype determination. detailed subtype analysis of influenza a positive samples in our laboratory allowed early confirmation of a large outbreak of s-oiv in southeastern wisconsin (sew). the initial case of s-oiv in sew was detected on 28 april 2009. all influenza a samples obtained du ... | 2009 | 19865496 |
| comparative studies in rous sarcoma with virus, tumor cells and chick embryo cells transformed in vitro by virus : iii. malignancy in vivo of cells transformed in vitro by virus. | chick embryo fibroblasts infected with rous sarcoma virus in vitro are rendered malignant for such cells produce typical rous sarcomas when injected into susceptible chicks since the tumors produced predominantly retain the sex chromatin patterns of the donor cells when such cells are injected into a recipient of the opposite sex. however, examination of the sex chromatin of cells at the periphery of the tumor shows presence of recipient cells though the bulk of the tumor is clearly of donor cel ... | 1962 | 19867215 |
| novel therapies for an old virus: treatment of rsv infections in the 21st century. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a pathogen whose existence has been known for decades, causing mild-to-severe upper and lower respiratory tract infections that bear the risk of subsequent asthma and can even lead to a fatal outcome. rsv infects all groups of patients and is a major cause of hospitalization in children and in the elderly. this review briefly summarizes the current status of rsv drug development and clinical trials for drugs available for the treatment of rsv infections. | 2009 | 19883332 |
| haplotype of il-8 -251t and 781c is associated with the susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus. | to study the association of haplotypes of il-8 -251t/a and 781 c/t single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) with the susceptibility of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2010 | 19887538 |
| newcastle disease virus-like particles containing respiratory syncytial virus g protein induced protection in balb/c mice, with no evidence of immunopathology. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of serious respiratory infections in children as well as a serious cause of disease in elderly and immunosuppressed populations. there are no licensed vaccines available to prevent rsv disease. we have developed a virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine candidate for protection from rsv. the vlp is composed of the np and m proteins of newcastle disease virus (ndv) and a chimeric protein containing the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of the n ... | 2010 | 19889768 |
| antigen-based assays for the identification of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus: why and how to use them in pediatric practice. | this article describes the clinical and socioeconomic relevance of influenza (iv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in pediatrics, the characteristics and limitations of currently available assays, and the impact of rapid diagnostic tests. this article shows that rapid tests for the detection and identification of iv and rsv in the respiratory secretions of infants and children are useful in the diagnosis of common, and possibly severe diseases, such as influenza and bronchiolitis. the tests ... | 2009 | 19892226 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a clinically significant cause of respiratory tract disease, especially among high-risk infants and immunocompromised and elderly adults. despite the burden of disease, there is no licensed prophylactic rsv vaccine. the initial efforts to develop an rsv vaccine involved formalin-inactivated virus preparations that unexpectedly caused vaccine-enhanced disease in clinical trials in rsv-naive children. over the last 40 years, cautious and deliberate progress has ... | 2009 | 19892231 |
| [human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infections in young children]. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered respiratory virus. hmpv, the second after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), is leading cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections mainly in infants and children. hmpv infections have been reported in many countries in all the world, in patients in every age and gender, but children under 5 years are most likely to be susceptible to infections caused by hmpv. the frequency of hmpv infections require hospitalization in this group is ... | 2009 | 19899593 |
| the cost effectiveness of palivizumab in term inuit infants in the eastern canadian arctic. | canadian, inuit, full term infants have the highest rate of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection globally, which results in substantial costs associated hospitalisation. | 2009 | 19900071 |
| late preterm infants and risk for rsv. | late preterm infants, born between 34 and 36 6/7 weeks gestation, are physiologically immature and at risk for a variety of complications including infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv infection that spreads to the lower respiratory tract results in hospitalization of these high-risk infants, where nurses provide nursing care focusing on suctioning, maintaining fluid balance, temperature control, and oxygenation. this article describes the risk and incidence of rsv infectio ... | 2009 | 19901700 |
| impairment of t cell immunity by the respiratory syncytial virus: targeting virulence mechanisms for therapy and prophylaxis. | worldwide, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children, the elderly and immuno-compromised individuals. moreover, rsv is the mayor cause of infant hospitalization due to lower respiratory infection, regardless socioeconomic status. accumulating data support the notion that immune responses elicited against naturally acquired rsv infections are non-lasting and inappropriate for efficient virus clearance. although there is consensus over the capacity of ... | 2009 | 19903147 |
| high incidence of recurrent wheeze in children with down syndrome with and without previous respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) is associated with the subsequent development of recurrent wheeze. in a recent study, we found a high incidence (9.9%) of hospitalization for rsv-induced lrti among children with down syndrome (ds), indicating ds as a new risk factor for rsv-induced lrti. in the current study we aimed to investigate the development of long-term airway morbidity in children with ds after hospitalization for rsv-induced lrti. | 2010 | 19907362 |
| pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: a potential late consequence of respiratory syncitial virus bronchiolitis. | to examine the hypothesis that children who suffered from severe respiratory syncitial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis during infancy may be at higher risk for obstructive sleep apnea (osa) later in childhood. | 2009 | 19911395 |
| surfactant protein a2 polymorphisms and disease severity in a respiratory syncytial virus-infected population. | to examine whether genetic variations within the surfactant protein a2 (sp-a2) gene are associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease severity in infected children. | 2010 | 19914637 |
| il-9 regulates pathology during primary and memory responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | il-9 is a cytokine of great current interest associated with allergic/th2 responses. high levels of il-9 are present in bronchial secretions from infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. to test its effects in rsv disease with a th2 profile, balb/c mice were vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the rsv g protein. on rsv challenge, immunized mice developed augmented disease characterized by enhanced pulmonary th2 and local il-9 production peaking on days 7-10 ... | 2009 | 19915054 |
| impact of palivizumab on rsv hospitalizations for children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of palivizumab prophylaxis on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalizations among children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (chd). in 2003, the american academy of pediatrics (aap) revised the bronchiolitis policy statement and recommended the use of palivizumab in children <24 months old with hemodynamically significant chd (hs-chd). california statewide hospital discharge data from years 2000-2002 (pre-aap pol ... | 2010 | 19915892 |
| elevated temperature triggers human respiratory syncytial virus f protein six-helix bundle formation. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants, immunocompromised patients, and the elderly. the rsv fusion (f) protein mediates fusion of the viral envelope with the target cell membrane during virus entry and is a primary target for antiviral drug and vaccine development. the f protein contains two heptad repeat regions, hr1 and hr2. peptides corresponding to these regions form a six-helix bundle structure that is thought to play ... | 2010 | 19922971 |
| respiratory syncytial virus risk factors in late preterm infants. | the key role of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in causing infant morbidity and hospitalizations is worldwide well recognized. the late preterm infants (34-36 weeks of gestational age (wga)) showed a higher risk of hospitalization for rsv-induced infection as compared with full-term infants and similar to that seen in very preterm infants. in addition to the prematurity, a number of risk factors have been identified in 33-35 wga infants that are associated with rsv-hospitalization as demonstra ... | 2009 | 19925369 |
| [epidemiological and clinical description of human metapneumovirus infectious diseases in children]. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a recently identified respiratory virus, is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection in children during winter. the aims of this study were to outline epidemiological and clinical presentations of hmpv infectious diseases in young children. | 2010 | 19932012 |
| relative impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in young children. | we measured the relative impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in young children in terms of emergency department (ed) visits, clinical care requirements, and overall resource use. | 2009 | 19933730 |
| respiratory viruses in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections in harbin, china. | this study investigated the prevalence of respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus types a and b (flu a/b), parainfluenza virus (para) 1-3, and adenovirus (ad), in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (alris). immunofluorescence assays identified viral etiology in 412 patients younger than 16 years old. the overall viral isolation rate was 63.1% (260/412). the rsv was detected in 25.0%, flu a/b in 19.4%, para 1-3 in 14.6%, a ... | 2009 | 19934539 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in recipients of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation: a retrospective study of the incidence, clinical features, and outcome. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of serious respiratory infections in hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (hsct) recipients. we aimed to determine the frequency, risk factors, and outcome of rsv infection in allo-hsct recipients. | 2009 | 19935377 |
| sole pathogen in acute bronchiolitis: is there a role for other organisms apart from respiratory syncytial virus? | acute bronchiolitis (ab) is a common disease of young children with peak incidence during the winter season. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major causative organism, yet recent relatively small sized studies have suggested an increased role of other organisms as sole or codetected organisms. the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sole- and mixed-organisms infections in hospitalized children with ab, using combined antigen-based and polymerase chain reaction assays (pcr). | 2010 | 19935450 |
| clinical presentation and severity of viral community-acquired pneumonia in young nepalese children. | most deaths from pneumonia in children <5 years of age occur in developing countries, where information about the clinical impact and severity of viral causes of respiratory infections is limited. | 2010 | 19935451 |
| compliance with rsv prophylaxis: global physicians' perspectives. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a significant cause of morbidity in high-risk infants. palivizumab is proven to prevent serious rsv disease, but compliance with prophylaxis (monthly doses during the rsv season) is essential to ensure protection. we invited 453 pediatricians to participate in a survey to identify their perspectives of barriers to compliance and interventions to improve compliance with palivizumab prophylaxis schedules. one hundred physicians from five continents completed th ... | 2009 | 19936162 |