| ecotoxicological effects of polycyclic musks and cadmium on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (triticum aestivum). | single and joint toxic effects of polycyclic musks including 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran (hhcb) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene (ahtn) and cadmium (cd) on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (triticum aestivum) were investigated. the results showed that the toxicity sequence of hhcb toxic to wheat seed germination and seedling growth was similar to that of ahtn, that is, germination rate > shoot elongation > ... | 2010 | 21462717 |
| post-translational processing of beta-d-xylanases and changes in extractability of arabinoxylans during wheat germination. | endo-1,4-beta-d-xylanase (ec 3.2.1.8, beta-d-xylanase) activity, and arabinoxylan (ax) level and extractability were monitored for the first time simultaneously in wheat kernels (triticum aestivum cv. glasgow) up to 24 days post-imbibition (dpi), both in the absence and presence of added gibberellic acid (ga). roughly three different stages (early, intermediate and late) can be discriminated. addition of ga resulted in a faster increase of water extractable arabinoxylan (weax) level in the early ... | 2016 | 20031435 |
| [effects of water stress on protein expression and physiological properties of different genotype wheat (triticum aestivum l.) sprouts]. | with drought-resistant wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivar changwu 134 and drought-sensitive cultivar zhengyin 1 as test materials, and by using -1.2 mpa peg 6000 to treat their seeds, this paper studied the protein expression and physiological properties of the sprouts under different soil moisture conditions. sds-page analysis showed that water stress induced the production of two new proteins with molecular weights of 39.5 kda and 23.0 kda in changwu 134 but not in zhengyin 1 sprouts. under no ... | 2009 | 20030136 |
| the efficacy of ultramolecular aqueous dilutions on a wheat germination model as a function of heat and aging-time. | this study evaluates the effects of temperature and aging on the efficacy of as(2)o(3) at the 45th decimal potency in a wheat germination model, compared against a control and potentized h(2)o 45×. each treatment-temperature combination was tested on seeds (triticum aestivum l.) of pandas variety, using six petri dishes (33 seeds/dish) per trial, performing eight trials. seeds were pre-treated by poisoning with 0.1% as(2)o(3) solution to reduce germination, to allow a better evaluation of homeop ... | 2011 | 20028717 |
| increasing sucrose uptake capacity of wheat grains stimulates storage protein synthesis. | increasing grain sink strength by improving assimilate uptake capacity could be a promising approach toward getting higher yield. the barley (hordeum vulgare) sucrose transporter hvsut1 (sut) was expressed under control of the endosperm-specific hordein b1 promoter (ho). compared with the wild type, transgenic hosut grains take up more sucrose (suc) in vitro, showing that the transgene is functional. grain suc levels are not altered, indicating that suc fluxes are influenced rather than steady-s ... | 2010 | 20018590 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization of a new wheat-thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploid resistant to powdery mildew and stripe rust. | a partial amphiploid, te253, derived from crosses between the common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar yannong 15 and thinopyrum intermedium (host) barkworth & d.r. dewey was characterized by cytogenetic observations, disease resistance tests and genomic in situ hybridization (gish). mitotic observations showed that most plants of te253 had 56 chromosomes, but a few had 54 or 55 chromosomes. the chromosomes in most pollen mother cells of plants with 2n = 56 formed 28 bivalents. univalents (0 ... | 2009 | 20016129 |
| cdna cloning and expression analysis of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) phytoene and ζ-carotene desaturase genes. | carotene desaturation, an essential step in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, is catalyzed by two carotene desaturases, phytoene desaturase (pds) and ζ-carotene desaturase (ζ-carotene desaturase, zds). full-length cdnas designated tapds and tazds were cloned from wheat (triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring) respectively, using the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approach. the cdna of tapds sequence was 2076 bp long, containing a 1731 bp open reading frame (orf) which deduced protein h ... | 2010 | 20013057 |
| recruitment of closely linked genes for divergent functions: the seed storage protein (glu-3) and powdery mildew (pm3) genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | wheat seed storage protein gene loci (glu-3) and powdery mildew resistance gene loci (pm3 and pm3-like) are closely linked on the short arms of homoeologous group 1 chromosomes. to study the structural organization of the glu-3/pm3 loci, three bacterial artificial chromosome clones were sequenced from the a, b, and d genomes of hexaploid wheat. the a and b genome clones contained a glu-3 adjacent to a pm3-like gene organized in a conserved glu-3/sfr159/pm3-like structure. the d genome clone cont ... | 2010 | 20012664 |
| responses of wheat roots to exogenous selenium supply under enhanced ultraviolet-b. | effects of selenium (se) on growth and some physiological traits of roots in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv han no.7086) seedlings exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-b (uv-b) stress are reported. responses of roots were different depending on the se concentration. compared with the control, root weight of wheat seedlings treated with 1.0 and 2.0 mg se kg(-1) soil increased by 39.47% and 16.28%, respectively. the lower amount se (0.5 mg kg(-1)) and the higher amount se treatments (3.0 mg kg(-1)) did ... | 2010 | 20012381 |
| proteolytic activity and cysteine protease expression in wheat leaves under severe soil drought and recovery. | the involvement of acidic proteases in soil drought response of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) at seedling stage in three cultivars differing in water stress tolerance was studied. withholding irrigation for seven days resulted in severe drought stress corresponding to 60% leaf water deficit. stressed plants were recovered by providing optimal water supply for 3 days. reversible changes in leaf pigment and protein content were registered, being least expressed in the drought-resistant culti ... | 2016 | 20004107 |
| simultaneous determination of rubisco carboxylase and oxygenase kinetic parameters in triticum aestivum and zea mays using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. | the lack of complete rubisco kinetic data for numerous species is partly because of the time consuming nature of the multiple methods needed to assay all of the rubisco parameters. we have developed a membrane inlet mass spectrometer method that simultaneously determines the rate of rubisco carboxylation (v(c)) and oxygenation (v(o)), and the co(2) and o(2) concentrations. using the collected data, the michaels-menten equations for v(c) and v(o) in response to changing co(2) and o(2) concentrati ... | 2010 | 20002330 |
| gamma-conglutin, the lupinus albus xegip-like protein, whose expression is elicited by chitosan, lacks of the typical inhibitory activity against gh12 endo-glucanases. | gamma-conglutin, a glycoprotein from lupinus albus seed, has been characterized at molecular level but its physiological function is still unknown. gamma-conglutin shares a high structural similarity with xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase inhibitor proteins (xegips) and triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi-i), which act specifically against fungal glycosyl hydrolase belonging to families 12 and 11, respectively. to assess the possible involvement of gamma-conglutin in plant defen ... | 2010 | 19962718 |
| effects of ozone on growth, yield and leaf gas exchange rates of two bangladeshi cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | to clarify the effects of o(3) on crop plants cultivated in bangladesh, two bangladeshi wheat cultivars (sufi and bijoy) were grown in plastic boxes filled with andisol and exposed daily to charcoal-filtered air or o(3) at 60 and 100 nl l(-1) (10:00-17:00) from 13 march to 4 june 2008. the whole-plant dry mass and grain yield per plant of the two cultivars at the final harvest were significantly reduced by the exposure to o(3). although there was no significant effect of o(3) on stomatal diffusi ... | 2010 | 19962222 |
| using nirs to predict fiber and nutrient content of dryland cereal cultivars. | residue from cultivars of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.), winter wheat, and spring barley (hordeum vulgare l.) was characterized for fiber and nutrient traits using reference methods and near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs). calibration models were developed for neutral detergent fiber (ndf), acid detergent fiber (adf), acid detergent lignin (adl), carbon (c), sulfur (s), nitrogen (n), and c:n. when calibrations were tested against validation sets for each crop year, nirs was an acceptable met ... | 2010 | 19961223 |
| differential effects of cold, osmotic stress and abscisic acid on polyamine accumulation in wheat. | the effects of cold, osmotic stress and abscisic acid (aba) on polyamine accumulation were compared in the moderately freezing-sensitive wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety chinese spring (cs) and in two derived chromosome 5a substitution lines, cs(t. spelta 5a) and cs(cheyenne 5a), exhibiting lower and higher levels of freezing tolerance, respectively. when compared with the other treatments, putrescine (put) and spermidine (spd) levels were much greater after cold treatment, spermine (spm) fo ... | 2010 | 19960214 |
| molecular genetic description of the cryptic wheat-aegilops geniculata introgression carrying rust resistance genes lr57 and yr40 using wheat ests and synteny with rice. | the cryptic wheat-alien translocation t5dl.5ds-5mgs(0.95), with leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes lr57 and yr40 transferred from aegilops geniculata (ugmg) into common wheat, was further analyzed. molecular genetic analysis using physically mapped ests showed that the alien segment in t5dl.5ds-5mgs(0.95) represented only a fraction of the wheat deletion bin 5ds2-0.78-1.00 and was less than 3.3 cm in length in the diploid wheat genetic map. comparative genomic analysis indicated a high l ... | 2009 | 19953130 |
| [features of alloplasmic wheat-barley substitution and addition lines (hordeum marinum subsp. gussoneanum)-triticum aestivum]. | two alloplasmic wheat-barley substitution lines were studied: a line replaced at three pairs of chromosomes 1hmr((ib), 5hmar(5d), and 7hmar(7d), and the disomic-substituted line 7hma(7d). the lines were constructed on the basis of individual plants from bcif8- and bc2f6 progeny of barley-wheat hybrids (h. marinum subsp. gussoneanum hudson (=h. geniculatum all.) (2n = 28) x t. aestivum l.) (2n = 42) (pyrotrix 28), respectively. moreover, the alloplasmic wheat-barley ditelosomic addition line 7hlm ... | 2009 | 19947550 |
| [identification and characteristics of the 1r (1b) bread wheat substitution strains]. | the 1r (1b) chromosome substitution has been identified at two introgression bread wheat stocks derived from the cross between an octoploid triticale and durum wheat. the substitution is marked by original alleles of the secaline coding loci sec1 and sec2. at rather low level of chromosome pairing, high winter-hardiness and frost resistance, and yield productivity both in favorable and in unfavorable years the stocks are differentiated for these traits. | 2015 | 19938634 |
| computational identification of micrornas and their targets in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of endogenous, non-coding, short (approximately 21 nt) rnas directly involved in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. previous reports have noted that plant mirnas in the plant kingdom are highly conserved, which provides the foundation for identification of conserved mirnas in other plant species through homology alignment. conserved mirnas in wheat are identified using est (expressed sequence tags) and gss analysis. all previously known m ... | 2009 | 19937208 |
| chromosomal location of the cadmium uptake gene (cdu1) in durum wheat. | levels of the heavy metal cadmium (cd) in food products are a food safety concern. grain cd is higher in durum (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) than in common wheat, so reduction of cd in durum grain is a priority of breeding programs. previous research demonstrated that a single dominant gene, cdu1, confers the low grain cd phenotype, but the map location of the gene is not known. a doubled haploid population segregating for cd concentration, developed from the cross of w9262-260d3 (a kyle*2/b ... | 2009 | 19935921 |
| [fish analysis of a crw-homology sequence from pseudoroegneria spicata in thinopyrum ponticum and th. intermedium]. | to verify the genome components of thinopyrum ponticum liu alt; wang and th. intermedium [host] barkworth alt; dewey, six specific primer pairs were designed according to the sequence of an autonomous centromeric retrotransposon of wheat (crw) from triticum boeoticum. several dna fragments were amplified by pcr from the genomic dna of the diploid species pseudoroegneria spicata a löve. after sequence alignment, a 1.755 kb fragment was obtained and named as pstc1 (st genome centromere associated ... | 2009 | 19933096 |
| chlorophyll a fluorescence study revealing effects of high salt stress on photosystem ii in wheat leaves. | in order to study the effects of high salt stress on ps ii in detached wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves, the seedlings were grown in knop solution and temperature was 20 +/- 2 degrees c. detached leaves were exposed to high salt stress (0.1-0.5 m nacl) for 1 h in dark and chl a fluorescence induction kinetics was measured. various parameters like fv/fm, abs/rc, eto/tro, performance index and area over the florescence curve were measured and the energy pipeline model was deduced in response to sa ... | 2010 | 19932973 |
| an analysis of dormancy, aba responsiveness, after-ripening and pre-harvest sprouting in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) caryopses. | embryo and caryopsis dormancy, abscisic acid (aba) responsiveness, after-ripening (ar), and the disorder pre-harvest sprouting (phs) were investigated in six genetically related wheat varieties previously characterized as resistant, intermediate, or susceptible to phs. timing of caryopsis ar differed between varieties; ar occurred before harvest ripeness in the most phs-susceptible, whereas ar was slowest in the most phs-resistant. whole caryopses of all varieties showed little aba-responsivenes ... | 2010 | 19923197 |
| efficient mapping of a female sterile gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | studies on inheritance of fertility are of great importance in wheat breeding. although substantial progress has been achieved in molecular characterization of male sterility and fertility restoration recently, little effort has been devoted to female sterility. to identify the gene(s) controlling female sterility in wheat efficiently, an investigation was conducted for the seed setting ratio using a set of f2 populations derived from the cross between a female sterile line xnd126 and an elite c ... | 2009 | 19922697 |
| partitioning of phenanthrene by root cell walls and cell wall fractions of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | plant cells have been reported to play an important role in the uptake of organic contaminants. this study was undertaken to provide an insight into the role of the root cell walls and their subfractions on sorption of phenanthrene to roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). root cell walls were isolated and further sequentially fractioned by removing pectin, hemicellulose one, and hemicellulose two. they were characterized by elemental analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and solid- ... | 2009 | 19921856 |
| transcriptional differences in gene families of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in wheat during mild water deficit. | when comparing the responses of two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, the drought-tolerant plainsman v and the drought-sensitive cappelle desprez, to reduced amounts of irrigation water, we found differences in ascorbate metabolism: both ascorbate oxidation and transcription levels of enzymes processing ascorbate were changed. relative transcript levels of ascorbate peroxidase (apx), monodehydroascorbate reductase (mdar), dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar) and glutathione reductase (gr) iso ... | 2010 | 19902215 |
| two prolamin peptides from durum wheat preclude celiac disease-specific t cell activation by gluten proteins. | celiac disease (cd) is a permanent intolerance to wheat prolamins and related proteins displayed by genetically susceptible individuals. blocking or modulation of cd-specific t cell response by altered prolamin peptides are currently considered as a potential alternative to the only effective therapy of cd based on a life-long gluten-free diet. two prolamin peptides, the 9-mer asrvapgqq and the 10-mer gtvgvapgqq sequences, were identified by mass spectrometry in the peptic/tryptic digest of prol ... | 2010 | 19894071 |
| cloning and phylogenetic analysis of phytoene synthase 1 (psy1) genes in common wheat and related species. | cloning and phylogenetic analysis of psy1 genes in common wheat and its relatives would help to understand the genetic diversity and evolution of psy1 gene in common wheat and its related species. in the present study, common wheat (aabbdd) and eight relative species, including t. urartu (a(u)a(u)), t. boeoticum (a(m)a(m)), t. monococcum (a(m)a(m)), ae. speltoides (ss), ae. tauschii (dd), t. dicoccoides (aabb), t. dicoccum (aabb) and t. spelta (aabbdd), were sampled for the isolation of novel al ... | 2009 | 19891741 |
| wheat and sorghum residue removal for expanded uses increases sediment and nutrient loss in runoff. | crop residue removal for expanded uses such as feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production may increase loss of sediment and nutrients in runoff. we assessed on-farm impacts of variable rates of residue removal from no-till winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and plow till grain sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench] on sediment, soil organic carbon (soc) and nutrient losses in runoff in western kansas. five treatments with three replications consisting of removing residues at 0, 25, 50, 75, and ... | 2017 | 19875792 |
| alteration in phosphate uptake potential of wheat plants co-cultivated with salicylic acid. | the phosphate uptake potential was significantly stimulated with low concentration of salicylic acid (sa). in one of the wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum var. sonalika), 50 microm sa stimulated phosphate (po(4)(3-)) uptake. at higher concentrations of sa (500 and 1000 microm), the rate of uptake was reduced. these findings underscore the light and dose-dependent biphasic action of sa: a low 50 microm stimulated, and high concentrations 500 and 1000 microm inhibited, po(4)(3-) uptake. | 2010 | 19875194 |
| molecular detection of genomic regions associated with grain yield and yield-related components in an elite bread wheat cross evaluated under irrigated and rainfed conditions. | grain yield and grain weight of wheat are often decreased by water-limitation in the north-eastern cropping belt of australia. based on knowledge that cimmyt lines are well-adapted in this region, a recombinant inbred line (ril) population between two elite cimmyt bread wheats (seri m82 and babax) was evaluated under water-limited environments. fourteen productivity traits were evaluated in 192 progeny in up to eight trials. for three aggregations of the environments (all, high yield or low yiel ... | 2010 | 19865806 |
| localization of rad50, a single-copy gene, on group 5 chromosomes of wheat, using a fish protocol employing tyramide for signal amplification (tyr-fish). | an indirect tyramide signal amplification fish technique (tyr-fish) was adapted to detect single-copy genes in plants. in this study, rad50 loci (responsible for a protein involved in the repair of breaks in double-stranded dna) were localized on the chromosomes of homologous group 5 in common wheat (triticum aestivum). three loci, rad50a, rad50b and rad50d, none of which have been previously mapped using any kind of molecular approach, were localized at similar positions on the short arm of chr ... | 2009 | 19864895 |
| wheat (triticum aestivum) nam proteins regulate the translocation of iron, zinc, and nitrogen compounds from vegetative tissues to grain. | the nam-b1 gene is a nac transcription factor that affects grain nutrient concentrations in wheat (triticum aestivum). an rnai line with reduced expression of nam genes has lower grain protein, iron (fe), and zinc (zn) concentrations. to determine whether decreased remobilization, lower plant uptake, or decreased partitioning to grain are responsible for this phenotype, mineral dynamics were quantified in wheat tissues throughout grain development. control and rnai wheat were grown in potting mi ... | 2009 | 19858116 |
| structural and expressional analysis of the b-hordein genes in tibetan hull-less barley. | the b-hordein gene family was analyzed from two tibetan hull-less barley cultivars z09 and z26 (hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare). fourteen b-hordein genes, designated bz09-2 to bz09-5 (from z09) and bz26-1 to bz26-10 (from z26), were sequenced. seven of them, similar to a previously reported bz09-1 from z09, were predicted to encode putative active proteins each with a signal peptide, a repetitive domain, and a c-terminal region; seven of them were predicted to be pseudogenes. the b-hordein gene ... | 2010 | 19856114 |
| [exploring novel hyperspectral band and key index for leaf nitrogen accumulation in wheat]. | the objectives of the present study were to explore new sensitive spectral bands and ratio spectral indices based on precise analysis of ground-based hyperspectral information, and then develop regression model for estimating leaf n accumulation per unit soil area (lna) in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). three field experiments were conducted with different n rates and cultivar types in three consecutive growing seasons, and time-course measurements were taken on canopy hyperspectral reflec ... | 2009 | 19839336 |
| responses of wheat seedlings to exogenous selenium supply under cold stress. | dose-dependent effects of selenium on growth and physiological trait of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv han no.7086) exposed to cold stress are reported. responses of seedlings were different depending on the se concentration. the treatments with 0.5 and 1.0 mg se kg(-1) significantly increased biomass and chlorophyll content of seedlings. however, the treatments at 2.0 and 3.0 mg se kg(-1) only induced an evident increase in chlorophyll content and did not promote biomass accumulation ... | 2010 | 19830391 |
| nucleotide polymorphism in the wheat transcriptional activator spa influences its pattern of expression and has pleiotropic effects on grain protein composition, dough viscoelasticity, and grain hardness. | storage protein activator (spa) is a key regulator of the transcription of wheat (triticum aestivum) grain storage protein genes and belongs to the opaque2 transcription factor subfamily. we analyzed the sequence polymorphism of the three homoeologous spa genes in hexaploid wheat. the level of polymorphism in these genes was high particularly in the promoter. the deduced protein sequences of each homoeolog and haplotype show greater than 93% identity. two major haplotypes were studied for each s ... | 2009 | 19828671 |
| characterization of the primary cell walls of seedlings of brachypodium distachyon--a potential model plant for temperate grasses. | the genome of brachypodium distachyon, also known as purple false brome, was fully sequenced in 2008 largely in response to the demand for a model plant for temperate grasses. a comparative study of the primary cell walls of seedlings of b. distachyon, hordeum vulgare and triticum aestivum was carried out. the cell walls of the three species were characterized by similar relative levels of, and developmental changes in, hemicelluloses. the occurrence of (1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucans was correlated wi ... | 2010 | 19828160 |
| [a search for high-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin from triticum timopheevi zhuk. in the lines of common wheat (triticum aestivum l. x triticum timopheevi zhuk.)]. | the study is a continuation of investigation of prolamins in brown rust-resistant introgressive lines of common wheat, produced with participation of triticum timopheeevi zhuk. two wheat lines with a substitution of the glu-1 loci of t. timopheevi were identified. line 684 had high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits encoded by 1ax, as well as by 1ay gene, which was silent in commercial lines. it was demonstrated that line 684 could serve as a source of the glu-at1 locus. line 186 carried the glu ... | 2009 | 19824551 |
| [features of the regulation of meiotic restitution in androgenic haploids of wheat-rye substitution lines 2r(2d)1, 2r(2d)3, and 6r(6a) (triticum aestivum l., cultivar saratovskaya 29/secale cereale l., cultivar onokhoiskaya)]. | regulation of meiotic restitution in androgenic haploids generated by cultivation of isolated pollinators of three wheat-rye substitution lines 2r(2d)1, 2r(2d)3, and 6r(6a) (triticum aestivum l., cultivar saratovskaya 29/secale cereale l., cultivar onokhoiskaya) was studied. the presence of rye chromosomes and the absence of homeologous wheat chromosomes in the haploid plant genome was shown to cause meiotic restitution, as observed in the case of androgenic haploids 6r(6a), or to inhibit in--in ... | 2009 | 19824541 |
| inter- and intra-genomic transfer of small chromosomal segments in wheat-rye allopolyploids. | newly synthesized wheat-rye allopolyploids, derived from triticum aestivum mianyang11 x s. cereale kustro, were investigated by sequential fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) and genomic in situ hybridization (gish) using rye tandem repeat psc200 and rye genomic dna as probes, respectively, over the first, second and third allopolyploid generations. fish signals of psc200 could be observed at both telomeres/subtelomeres of all 14 chromosomes of the parental rye. in the first allopolyploid g ... | 2010 | 19821008 |
| ammonium nitrate improves direct somatic embryogenesis and biolistic transformation of triticum aestivum. | triticum aestivum is of major importance both nutritionally and economically. introduction of new genes has been difficult to apply to elite wheat varieties mainly as a result of their recalcitrance to prerequisite tissue culture. we attempted to improve the frequency of wheat transformation by exposing plants to high level of ammonium nitrate. our experiments showed that modification of the ammonium nitrate content in the direct somatic embryogenesis induction medium can increase the number of ... | 2009 | 19818315 |
| drought-induced changes in photosynthetic membranes of two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars. | two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars contrasting in architectonics and differing in drought resistance, azamatli-95 (short stature, vertically oriented small leaves, drought-tolerant) and giymatli-2/17 (short stature, broad and drooping leaves, drought-sensitive), were studied. it was found that the content of cp i (115 kda) and 63-kda apoprotein p700 and also lhc ii polypeptides increases slightly in the drought-resistant cv. azamatli-95 under extreme water supply limitation, while their ... | 2009 | 19817691 |
| influence of the production method on phytochemical concentrations in whole wheat (triticum aestivum l.): a comparative study. | the present study was performed to evaluate the concentrations of phytochemicals (carotenoids and phenolic acids) in wheat varieties grown under comparable organic and conventional conditions over three years as part of a long-term field trial. phenolic acids of the hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid group were quantified by hplc-dad after extraction as free, soluble conjugated, and bound forms. furthermore, the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin were determined by hplc-dad. there were ... | 2009 | 19817369 |
| wheat quality related differential expressions of albumins and globulins revealed by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-d dige). | comparative proteomics analysis offers a new approach to identify differential proteins among different wheat genotypes and developmental stages. in this study, the non-prolamin expression profiles during grain development of two common or bread wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.), jing 411 and sunstate, with different quality properties were analyzed using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-d dige). five grain developmental stages during the post-anthesis period were sampled c ... | 2009 | 19815103 |
| pyrene effects on rhizoplane bacterial communities. | certain plant species promote biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), but few studies have examined the microbial populations that are associated with the rhizoplane of these plants. in this study, the bacterial composition of the rhizoplane were characterized for four plant species during in soils with different histories of exposure to pah and in the presence or absence of a pyrene spike at 100 mg kg(-1) pyrene. three of the plant species including andropogon gerrardii, pani ... | 2009 | 19810358 |
| optimization of extraction of lipase from wheat seeds (triticum aestivum) by response surface methodology. | this work aimed to evaluate the effects of particle size, solid/solvent ratio (w/v), and reaction time on hydrolytic and esterification activities of a lipase extract from wheat seeds. the higher hydrolytic activity was 5.9 u/g with a particle size of 425 microm, solid/solvent ratio of 30:60 (w/v), and reaction time of 15 h, with maximum hydrolytic activity of 14.47 u/g after 24 h of precipitation. for esterification activity the best result was 57.88 u/g with a particle size of 425 microm and s ... | 2009 | 19803518 |
| responses of wheat seedlings to cadmium, mercury and trichlorobenzene stresses. | the molecular response of wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. yangmai 13) seedlings to heavy metal (cd, hg) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (tcb) stresses were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, image analysis, and peptide mass fingerprinting. the results showed inhibitions of root and shoot growth by cd, hg, and tcb. these stresses led to water deficit and lipid phosphorylation in the seedling which also promoted protein phophorylation in the leaves. hg stress inhibited protein synthesis ... | 2009 | 19803087 |
| enzymatic properties of the 20s proteasome in wheat endosperm and its biochemical characteristics after seed imbibition. | the 20s proteasome from wheat (triticum aestivum l., yangmai 158) endosperm was purified to apparent homogeneity by three sequential centrifugations and gradient page (gpage). the purified 20s proteasome clearly cleaved peptidyl-arylamide bonds in the model synthetic substrates z-ggl-amc and z-ggr-amc, which are used to reflect chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like activity, respectively. for both substrates, the optimum ph was 8.0, but the optimum temperatures for chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-lik ... | 2009 | 19796362 |
| utilization of blue-grained character in wheat breeding derived from thinopyrum poticum. | the blue grain trait in common wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n=6x=42, aabbdd), which is caused by blue pigments in the aleurone layer, was originally derived from the tall wheatgrass (thinopyrum ponticum liu & wang=agropyron elongatum, 2n=10x=70, ststststeeeeebebexex) during chromosome engineering research. over the last few decades, there have been continued interests in the genetic mechanism of this blue coloration and the practical utilization of the blue aleurone character as a phenotypic ma ... | 2009 | 19782959 |
| synthetic hexaploid wheat and its utilization for wheat genetic improvement in china. | synthetic hexaploid wheat (triticum turgidumxaegilops tauschii) was created to explore for novel genes from t. turgidum and ae. tauschii that can be used for common wheat improvement. in the present paper, research advances on the utilization of synthetic hexaploid wheat for wheat genetic improvement in china are reviewed. over 200 synthetic hexaploid wheat (shw) accessions from the international maize and wheat improvement centre (cimmyt) were introduced into china since 1995. four cultivars de ... | 2009 | 19782955 |
| effects of elevated co2 on grain yield and quality of wheat: results from a 3-year free-air co2 enrichment experiment. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. triso) was grown for three consecutive seasons in a free-air carbon dioxide (co(2)) enrichment (face) field experiment in order to examine the effects on crop yield and grain quality. co(2) enrichment promoted aboveground biomass (+11.8%) and grain yield (+10.4%). however, adverse effects were predominantly observed on wholegrain quality characteristics. although the thousand-grain weight remained unchanged, size distribution was significantly shifted towar ... | 2009 | 19778369 |
| localisation of quantitative trait loci for quality attributes in a doubled haploid population of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | selection of wheat germplasm for a range of quality traits has been a challenging exercise because of the cost of testing, the variation within testing data, and a poor understanding of the underlying genetics. the objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) underlying quality traits in wheat. a doubled haploid population comprising 190 lines from chara/ww2449 was grown in two different environments and evaluated for various quality traits. a molecular map comprising 3 ... | 2009 | 19767900 |
| identification of a hybridization window that facilitates sizeable reductions of pollen-mediated gene flow in spring wheat. | transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with improved agronomic traits is currently being field-tested. gene flow in space is well-documented, but isolation in time has not received comparable attention. here, we report the results of a field experiment that investigated reductions in intraspecific gene flow associated with temporal isolation of flowering between t. aestivum conspecifics. pollen-mediated gene flow (pmgf) between an imazamox-resistant (ir) volunteer wheat population and a non-ir ... | 2010 | 19763864 |
| wheat stripe rust resistance genes yr5 and yr7 are allelic. | stripe rust is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. breeding for resistance is the most economical and environmentally acceptable means to control stripe rust. genetic studies on resistance sources are very important. previous inheritance studies on triticum aestivum subsp. spelta cv. album and wheat cultivar lee showed that each possessed a single dominant gene for stripe rust resistance, i.e., yr5 and yr7, respectively. both were located on the long arm of chromosome 2b, but due to t ... | 2009 | 19763533 |
| mlag12: a triticum timopheevii-derived powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat on chromosome 7al. | wheat powdery mildew is an economically important disease in cool and humid environments. powdery mildew causes yield losses as high as 48% through a reduction in tiller survival, kernels per head, and kernel size. race-specific host resistance is the most consistent, environmentally friendly and, economical method of control. the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germplasm line nc06bgtag12 possesses genetic resistance to powdery mildew introgressed from the aagg tetraploid genome triticum timopheevi ... | 2009 | 19760389 |
| qtl mapping for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in italian common wheat cultivars libellula and strampelli. | italian common wheat cultivars libellula and strampelli, grown for over three decades in gansu province of china, have shown effective resistance to stripe rust. to elucidate the genetic basis of the resistance, f(3) populations were developed from crosses between the two cultivars and susceptible chinese wheat cultivar huixianhong. the f(3) lines were evaluated for disease severity in beijing, gansu and sichuan from 2005 to 2008. joint- and single-environment analyses by composite interval mapp ... | 2009 | 19756474 |
| analysis of diversity and linkage disequilibrium along chromosome 3b of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a highly polymorphic core collection of bread wheat and a more narrow-based breeding material, gathered from pedigrees of seven modern cultivars, was analysed in order to compare genetic diversity indices and linkage disequilibrium (ld) patterns along the chromosome 3b with microsatellite (ssr) and diversity arrays technology markers. five ancestral gene pools could be identified within the core collection, indicating a strong geographical structure (northwest europe, southeast europe, cimmyt-ic ... | 2009 | 19756470 |
| antioxidant responses of wheat seedlings to exogenous selenium supply under enhanced ultraviolet-b. | the paper reports the effects of selenium (se) supply on growth and antioxidant traits of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv han no.7086) seedlings exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-b (uv-b) stress. antioxidant responses of seedlings were different depending on the se concentration. compared with the control, the lower amount used (0.5 mg se kg(-1) soil) had no significant effect on biomass accumulation. the treatments with 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg se kg(-1) promoted biomass accumulation of wheat seedling ... | 2010 | 19756399 |
| in planta mutagenesis determines the functional regions of the wheat puroindoline proteins. | in planta analysis of protein function in a crop plant could lead to improvements in understanding protein structure/function relationships as well as selective agronomic or end product quality improvements. the requirements for successful in planta analysis are a high mutation rate, an efficient screening method, and a trait with high heritability. two ideal targets for functional analysis are the puroindoline a and puroindoline b (pina and pinb, respectively) genes, which together compose the ... | 2009 | 19752217 |
| toxicological responses in wheat triticum aestivum under joint stress of chlorimuron-ethyl and copper. | it was observed in this work that joint effects of chlorimuron-ethyl and copper on chlorophyll content, the peroxidases (pod) activity, superoxide dismutases (sod) activity and soluble protein content in leaves and roots of wheat were markedly significant. the chlorophyll content and the sod activity in wheat under joint stress of chlorimuron-ethyl and copper were obviously higher than that under single stress of chlorimuron-ethyl. however, joint effect of chlorimuron-ethyl and copper on the dec ... | 2009 | 19748121 |
| genotyping of the q locus in wheat by a simple pcr-rflp method. | the q locus located on the long arm of chromosome 5a is a key factor in evolution and widespread cultivation of domesticated wheat. the q locus pleiotropically affects many agronomically important traits including threshability, glume shape and tenacity, rachis fragility and others. genotyping of the q locus based on the complex traits is ambiguous due to their multi-genetic control through interactions with the q locus. to determine the q locus genotype of wheat accessions possessing a genome, ... | 2009 | 19745572 |
| sampling plans for the psocids liposcelis entomophila and liposcelis decolor (psocoptera: liposcelididae) in steel bins containing wheat. | psocids are an emerging problem in grain storage, handling, and processing facilities in the united states. we used data from two steel bins each containing 32.6 metric tonnes of wheat, triticum aestivum l., to develop sampling plans for liposcelis entomophila (enderlein), liposcelis decolor (pearman) (both psocoptera: liposcelididae), and a mixture of the two species. taylor's coefficients a (a sampling factor) and b (an index of aggregation) for these pests were calculated and incorporated int ... | 2009 | 19736788 |
| a proteomic study of the response to salinity and drought stress in an introgression strain of bread wheat. | the effect of drought and salinity stress on the seedlings of the somatic hybrid wheat cv. shanrong no. 3 (sr3) and its parent bread wheat cv. jinan 177 (jn177) was investigated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. of a set of 93 (root) and 65 (leaf) differentially expressed proteins (deps), 34 (root) and six (leaf) deps were cultivar-specific. the remaining deps were salinity/drought stress-responsive but not cultivar-specific. many of the deps were expressed under b ... | 2009 | 19734139 |
| isolation and sequence analysis of the wheat b genome subtelomeric dna. | telomeric and subtelomeric regions are essential for genome stability and regular chromosome replication. in this work, we have characterized the wheat bac (bacterial artificial chromosome) clones containing spelt1 and spelt52 sequences, which belong to the subtelomeric repeats of the b/g genomes of wheats and aegilops species from the section sitopsis. | 2009 | 19732459 |
| creating s-type characteristics in the f-type enzyme fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase of triticum aestivum l. | invertases cleave sucrose in glucose and fructose, using water as an acceptor. fructosyltransferases catalyse the transfer of a fructosyl residue between sucrose and/or fructan molecules. plant fructosyltransferases (fts) evolved from vacuolar invertases by small mutational changes, leading to differences in substrate specificity. the s-type of enzymes (invertases, sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferases or 1-ssts, and sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases or 6-sfts) prefer sucrose as the dono ... | 2009 | 19726634 |
| variation of b chromosome associated with tissue culture in wheat-rye cross. | in vitro variation of b chromosomes was studied by examining the callus cells derived from the immature embryos from a cross of chinese spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and fin 7416 rye (secale cereale l.) carrying two b chromosomes. in 40-d-old callus cells, the numbers of b chromosomes ranged from one to four in 65.6% of the cells observed. the distribution of b chromosome numbers was associated with the ploidy levels of the normal chromosomes (a chromosomes). the frequency of the cells wit ... | 2009 | 19723242 |
| protein phosphatase activity and sucrose-mediated induction of fructan synthesis in wheat. | in this work, we analyze protein phosphatase (pp) involvement in the sucrose-mediated induction of fructan metabolism in wheat (triticum aestivum). the addition of okadaic acid (oa), a pp-inhibitor, to sucrose-fed leaves reduced fructosylsucrose-synthesizing activity (fss) induction in a dose-dependent manner. the expression of the two enzymes that contribute to fss activity, 1-sst (1-sucrose:sucrose fructosyltransferase, e.c. 2.4.1.99) and 6-sft (6-sucrose:fructan fructosyltransferase, e.c. 2.4 ... | 2009 | 19714360 |
| conserved globulin gene across eight grass genomes identify fundamental units of the loci encoding seed storage proteins. | the wheat high molecular weight (hmw) glutenins are important seed storage proteins that determine bread-making quality in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). in this study, detailed comparative sequence analyses of large orthologous hmw glutenin genomic regions from eight grass species, representing a wide evolutionary history of grass genomes, reveal a number of lineage-specific sequence changes. these lineage-specific changes, which resulted in duplications, insertions, and deletions of gene ... | 2010 | 19707805 |
| [genetic analysis of the traits introgressed from aegilops speltoides tausch. to common wheat and determined by chromosome 5a genes]. | a winter common wheat accession from the arsenal collection was genetically examined to study the results of introgression, which substantially changed the physiological and morphological traits of the original spring cultivar rodina. apart from its winter habit, the accession was characterized by awned speltoid spikes, suggesting introgression into chromosome 5a, which carried marker genes in the order vrn-al-q-bl. genetic analysis showed that the chromosome fragment introgressed from aegilops ... | 2009 | 19705742 |
| seed-specific expression of the wheat puroindoline genes improves maize wet milling yields. | the texture of maize (zea mays l.) seeds is important to seed processing properties, and soft dent maize is preferred for both wet-milling and livestock feed applications. the puroindoline genes (pina and pinb) are the functional components of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) hardness locus and together function to create soft grain texture in wheat. the pins (pina and pinb) are believed to act by binding to lipids on the surface of starch granules, preventing tight adhesion between starch granu ... | 2009 | 19702647 |
| genetic dissection of chlorophyll content at different growth stages in common wheat. | quantitative trait loci (qtls) for chlorophyll content were studied using a doubled haploid (dh) population with 168 progeny lines, derived from a cross between two elite chinese wheat cultivars huapei 3 x yumai 57. chlorophyll content was evaluated at the maximum tillering stage (ms), the heading stage (hs), and the grain filling stage (gs), at three different environments in 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons. qtl analyses were performed using a mixed linear model approach. a total of 17 additive ... | 2009 | 19700856 |
| direct measures of mechanical energy for knife mill size reduction of switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover. | lengthy straw/stalk of biomass may not be directly fed into grinders such as hammer mills and disc refiners. hence, biomass needs to be preprocessed using coarse grinders like a knife mill to allow for efficient feeding in refiner mills without bridging and choking. size reduction mechanical energy was directly measured for switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.), wheat straw (triticum aestivum l.), and corn stover (zea mays l.) in an instrumented knife mill. direct power inputs were determined for di ... | 2009 | 19683916 |
| rapid and non-invasive analysis of deoxynivalenol in durum and common wheat by fourier-transform near infrared (ft-nir) spectroscopy. | fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (ft-nir) was used for rapid and non-invasive analysis of deoxynivalenol (don) in durum and common wheat. the relevance of using ground wheat samples with a homogeneous particle size distribution to minimize measurement variations and avoid don segregation among particles of different sizes was established. calibration models for durum wheat, common wheat and durum + common wheat samples, with particle size <500 microm, were obtained by using partial l ... | 2009 | 19680966 |
| variation at storage protein loci in winter common wheat cultivars of the central forest-steppe of ukraine. | genotypes at the gliadin loci gli-a1, gli-b1, gli-d1 and the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit loci glu-a1, glu-b1, glu-d1 were identified in 77 winter common wheat cultivars developed in the central forest steppe of ukraine in different periods of time. the highest level of variation was observed at the gli-a1 locus. predominant alleles (one or two per locus) were revealed. the comparison of allele frequencies in groups of cultivars developed in different periods of time (before 1996 and i ... | 2016 | 19663318 |
| multiple genetic loci for zinc uptake and distribution in barley (hordeum vulgare). | micronutrient malnutrition, often called 'hidden hunger', affects over two billion people globally. this is particularly problematic in developing countries where widespread zinc (zn) deficiency exists as a result of a predominantly plant-based diet. furthermore, supplemental fertilizers are often unavailable or unaffordable in impoverished regions where soil infertility is common. delivery of more zn via food grains is theoretically possible through selective breeding strategies, but severe tec ... | 2009 | 19656306 |
| starch-bound 2s proteins and kernel texture in einkorn, triticum monococcum ssp monococcum. | the starch granule proteins from 113 einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum ssp monococcum) accessions were analyzed by acidic, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (a-page), and two-dimensional a-page x sds-page. all accessions were confirmed to contain equal amounts of two polypeptide chains corresponding to puroindoline b (pin-b), as well as a prominent component plus a faint band corresponding to puroindoline a (pin-a). when compared with soft-textured common wheat, "monococcum" accessions showed ... | 2009 | 19655123 |
| fine mapping and marker development for the crossability gene skr on chromosome 5bs of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | most elite wheat varieties cannot be crossed with related species thereby restricting greatly the germplasm that can be used for alien introgression in breeding programs. inhibition to crossability is controlled genetically and a number of qtl have been identified to date, including the major gene kr1 on 5bl and skr, a strong qtl affecting crossability between wheat and rye on chromosome 5bs. in this study, we used a recombinant ssd population originating from a cross between the poorly crossabl ... | 2009 | 19652174 |
| influence of extrusion-cooking parameters on some quality aspects of precooked pasta-like products. | the present article aims to evaluate some quality parameters and texture characteristics of precooked wheat pasta-like products. using the methods for pasta and instant noodles the tested parameters were water absorption, starch gelatinization degree, cooking losses, and hardness. the texture profile was characterized using zwick apparatus by cutting test with the head speed of 10 mm/min and expressed as hardness and firmness of hydrated products. sem pictures were used to illustrate the interna ... | 2009 | 19646037 |
| proteome analysis of chloroplast proteins in stage albinism line of winter wheat (triticum aestivum) fa85. | the "stage albinism line of winter wheat" fa85 was a specific natural mutant strain on leaf color. this physiological mutation was controlled by cytogene. in order to reveal the genetic and biochemical mechanism of albinism, 2-de was used to investigate the difference of chloroplast protein expression pattern between fa85 and its parent wheat aibian 1. from the results of 2-de gels analysis, approximately 683 spots were detected on each gel, and 57 spots were expressed differently at least two-f ... | 2009 | 19643044 |
| [genealogical and statistical analyses of the inheritance of gliadin-coding alleles in a model set of common wheat triticum aestivum l. cultivars]. | allelic diversity of the gliadin-coding loci gli-1 and gli-2 was compared with the genealogical profiles of common wheat cultivars developed in saratov. allele tracking through their pedigrees and hierarchic cluster analysis associated 31 gli alleles with groups of original ancestors. the cultivars poltavka (12 alleles of six loci) and selivanovskii rusak (six alleles of six loci) were identified as sources of the majority of alleles. the results of the cluster analysis fully coincided with the ... | 2009 | 19639870 |
| production of intergeneric hybrid between dwarfing polish wheat (triticum polonicum l.) and aegilops tauschii cosson. with reference to wheat origin. | dwarfing polish wheat is a dwarfing accession of triticum polonicum l. from xinjiang of china. in the present study, the artificial hybridization between dwarfing polish wheat and two accessions of aegilops tauschii cosson. (as60 and as65) was carried out, and the f1 hybrids were obtained successfully without using embryo rescue techniques for the first time. the crossabilities of hybrids t. polonicum x ae. tauschii (as60) and t. polonicum x ae. tauschii (as65) were 1.67% and 0.60% respectively. ... | 2009 | 19639868 |
| [the effect of apoptosis inductor dexamethasone on the energy exchange and ultrastructure of plant cells]. | changes in respiration and cell ultrastructure induced by long-term incubation with dexamethasone (dm) in excised roots of 5-day old wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings were investigated. during 5 h incubation of roots with dm, oxygen consumption was inhibited by 20-30%, while respiratory coefficient did not change and its value was about 1. dm prevented from glucose-induced activation of respiration, which indicated blockade of glycolysis and decrease in oxygen uptake by this apoptotic induc ... | 2009 | 19637758 |
| molecular characterization of a wheat protein induced by vernalisation. | using a pcr strategy we isolated from winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. bolero) the ver2 gene coding for a modular protein constituted by an n-terminal domain called "dirigent", found in several defence-related genes, and a c-terminal domain related to jacalin-related lectin (jrl). ver2 transcript as well as native ver2 levels increased during vernalisation and upon methyl jasmonate treatment of young seedlings. ver2 transcript levels were kept constant either in infected tissues or in woun ... | 2009 | 19626429 |
| influence of leaf tolerance mechanisms and rain on boron toxicity in barley and wheat. | boron (b) toxicity is common in many areas of the world. plant tolerance to high b varies widely and has previously been attributed to reduced uptake of b, most commonly as a result of b efflux from roots. in this study, it is shown that the expression of genes encoding b efflux transporters in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) is associated with an ability of leaf tissues to withstand higher concentrations of b. in tolerant cultivars, necrosis in leaves occurred a ... | 2009 | 19625636 |
| characterization and mapping of complementary lesion-mimic genes lm1 and lm2 in common wheat. | a lesion-mimic phenotype appeared in a segregating population of common wheat cross yanzhan 1/zaosui 30. the parents had non-lesion normal phenotypes. shading treatment and histochemical analyses showed that the lesions were caused by light-dependent cell death and were not associated with pathogens. studies over two cropping seasons showed that some lines with more highly expressed lesion-mimic phenotypes exhibited significantly lower grain yields than those with the normal phenotype, but there ... | 2009 | 19621213 |
| ozone exposure of field-grown winter wheat affects soil mesofauna in the rhizosphere. | a 2-year open-top chamber experiment with field-grown winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. astron) was conducted to examine the effects of ozone on plant growth and selected groups of soil mesofauna in the rhizosphere. from may through june in each year, plants were exposed to two levels of o(3): non-filtered (nf) ambient air or nf+ 40 ppb o(3) (nf+). during o(3) exposure, soil sampling was performed at two dates according to different plant growth stages. o(3) exposure reduced above- and belo ... | 2009 | 19616877 |
| glutathione transferase activity and expression patterns during grain filling in flag leaves of wheat genotypes differing in drought tolerance: response to water deficit. | total glutathione s-transferase (gst, ec 2.5.1.18) and glutathione peroxidase (gpox) activity were measured spectrophotometrically in triticum aestivum cv. mv emese and cv. plainsman (drought tolerant) and cv. gk elet and cappelle desprez (drought-sensitive) flag leaves under control and drought stress conditions during the grain-filling period, in order to reveal possible roles of different gst classes in the senescence of flag leaves. six wheat gsts, members of 3 gst classes, were selected and ... | 2009 | 19615785 |
| insecticidal efficacy of abamectin against three stored-product insect pests: influence of dose rate, temperature, commodity, and exposure interval. | the insecticidal efficacy of abamectin against adults of rhyzopertha dominica (f.), sitophilus oryzae (l.), and tribolium confusum jacquelin du val was assessed under laboratory conditions. the efficacy of abamectin was assessed on two commodities (wheat, triticum aestivum l. and maize, zea mays l.) and two temperatures (25 and 30 degrees c). the dose rates used were 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 ppm. mortality of the exposed adults in the treated grains was measured after 7, 14 and 21 d (= days), where ... | 2009 | 19610457 |
| cultivar preferences of ovipositing wheat stem sawflies as influenced by the amount of volatile attractant. | the wheat stem sawfly, cephus cinctus norton, causes severe losses in wheat grown in the northern great plains. much of the affected area is planted in monoculture with wheat, triticum aestivum l., grown in large fields alternating yearly between crop and no-till fallow. the crop and fallow fields are adjacent. this cropping landscape creates pronounced edge effects of sawfly infestations and may be amenable to trap cropping using existing agricultural practices. the behavioral preference for tw ... | 2009 | 19610414 |
| dough rheology and wet milling of hard waxy wheat flours. | to realize the full potential of waxy wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the wet milling properties of waxy wheat flours including their dough-mixing properties were investigated. flours of six waxy hard wheats, one normal hard wheat ('karl 92'), and one partial waxy hard wheat ('trego') were fractionated by the dough-washing (martin) process, and the yields and recoveries of starch and gluten were compared. when waxy and normal wheat starches each were blended with a wheat gluten to give a mixture c ... | 2009 | 19594158 |
| cytological changes in turkish durum and bread wheat genotypes in response to salt stress. | effects of salt stress on root growth, mitotic index, nuclear volume, vacuolization, nucleolar distortion and starch content were investigated in turkish bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cvs. yildiz - salt sensitive, dagdas - salt tolerant) and durum wheat ( triticum durum l. cvs. c1252 - salt sensitive, meramsalt tolerant) genotypes which were treated with 150 mm naci over a 6-day period. salt treatment of wheat seedlings resulted in a decrease in root elongation and cell division in all geno ... | 2009 | 19584031 |
| heterosis in some crosses of bread wheat under irrigation and drought conditions. | five bread wheat varieties with different characteristics were crossed in a half-diallel model in 2005/2006 season. the five parents and their 10 f1 hybrids were evaluated under normal and water stress conditions during 2006/2007 season, to estimate heterosis of some wheat crosses for drought tolerance and selecting the crosses which could be useful in breeding programs for drought tolerance. the results indicated that, the best crosses over their mid parents at water stress condition for days t ... | 2009 | 19579996 |
| gene effects and combining ability in some bread wheat genotypes to yellow rust disease. | ten wheat lines were studied to determine gene effects and combining ability in some bread wheat genotypes to yellow rust disease. ten parental lines and f1 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in agricultural and natural resources research center, mashhad, iran. two races (134e134a+ and 4e0a+) were used for this study. latent period (lp) and infection type (it) were measured in the field and greenhouse. results showed significant differences between races ... | 2009 | 19579935 |
| members of the dof transcription factor family in triticum aestivum are associated with light-mediated gene regulation. | dna binding with one finger (dof) protein is a plant-specific transcription factor implicated in the regulation of many important plant-specific processes, including photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. this study has identified 31 dof genes (tadof) in bread wheat through extensive analysis of current nucleotide databases. phylogenetic analysis suggests that the tadof family can be divided into four clades. expression analysis of the tadof family across all major organs using quantitative ... | 2009 | 19578911 |
| benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, a model for evolution of secondary metabolic pathways in plants. | benzoxazinoids are secondary metabolites that are effective in defence and allelopathy. they are synthesised in two subfamilies of the poaceae and sporadically found in single species of the dicots. the biosynthesis is fully elucidated in maize; here the genes encoding the enzymes of the pathway are in physical proximity. this "biosynthetic cluster" might facilitate coordinated gene regulation. data from zea mays, triticum aestivum and hordeum lechleri suggest that the pathway is of monophyletic ... | 2009 | 19577780 |
| low-energy x-ray fluorescence microscopy opening new opportunities for bio-related research. | biological systems are unique matter with very complex morphology and highly heterogeneous chemical composition dominated by light elements. discriminating qualitatively at the sub-micrometer level the lateral distribution of constituent elements, and correlating it to the sub-cellular biological structure, continues to be a challenge. the low-energy x-ray fluorescence microspectroscopy, recently implemented in twinmic scanning transmission mode, has opened up new opportunities for mapping the d ... | 2009 | 19570794 |
| [effects of shading on wheat grain starch quality and redistribution of pre-anthesis stored nonstructural carbohydrates]. | this paper studied the effects of shading in the period from jointing to maturity on the grain yield, starch content, and starch paste traits of two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, shading-tolerant yangmai 158 and shading-intolerant yangmai 11, and analyzed the relationships of the redistribution of total soluble sugars stored before anthesis in vegetative organs with the grain yield, starch content, and starch paste parameters of the cultivars. the results showed that shading dec ... | 2009 | 19565759 |
| effect of water stress on carbon isotope discrimination and rubisco activity in bread and durum wheat genotypes. | carbon isotope discrimination (cid) has been suggested as an indirect tool for selection of water use efficiency in wheat. this study evaluates the role of rubisco activity in regulating carbon isotope discrimination (cid) and discriminate the response of durum (pdw-233) and bread (c-306, hd-2329) wheat genotypes for carbon isotope discrimination and rubisco activity under induced water stress hydroponically created by using different concentrations of peg. in c-306, a well known drought toleran ... | 2009 | 23572938 |
| genetic variability in brazilian wheat cultivars assessed by microsatellite markers. | wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important food staples in the south of brazil. understanding genetic variability among the assortment of brazilian wheat is important for breeding. the aim of this work was to molecularly characterize the thirty-six wheat cultivars recommended for various regions of brazil, and to assess mutual genetic distances, through the use of microsatellite markers. twenty three polymorphic microsatellite markers (pmm) delineated all 36 of the samples, revealing ... | 2009 | 21637519 |