| iron- and manganese-assisted cadmium tolerance in oryza sativa l.: lowering of rhizotoxicity next to functional photosynthesis. | cadmium toxicity is alleviated by iron and manganese supplements because of reduction in cadmium accumulation and upholding of redox regulation that prevent cadmium-inducible damage to root growth and photosynthesis. cadmium toxicity in oryza sativa l. mtu 7029 was investigated in the presence of different concentrations of the micronutrients fe and mn. it had been observed that these micronutrients reduce cd uptake and minimize cd-inducible rhizotoxicity. the photosynthetic electron transport c ... | 2015 | 25805339 |
| a cytochrome p450, osdss1, is involved in growth and drought stress responses in rice (oryza sativa l.). | cytochrome p450s are among the largest protein coding gene families in plant genomes. however, majority of the genes remain uncharacterized. here, we report the characterization of dss1, a rice mutant showing dwarfism and reduced grain size. the dss1 phenotype is caused by a non-synonymous point mutation we identified in dss1, which is member of a p450 gene cluster located on rice chromosome 3 and corresponds to the previously reported cyp96b4/sd37 gene. phenotypes of several dwarf mutants chara ... | 2015 | 25800365 |
| genome-wide association study of rice (oryza sativa l.) leaf traits with a high-throughput leaf scorer. | leaves are the plant's solar panel and food factory, and leaf traits are always key issues to investigate in plant research. traditional methods for leaf trait measurement are time-consuming. in this work, an engineering prototype has been established for high-throughput leaf scoring (hls) of a large number of oryza sativa accessions. the mean absolute per cent of errors in traditional measurements versus hls were below 5% for leaf number, area, shape, and colour. moreover, hls can measure up to ... | 2015 | 25796084 |
| mitigating heavy metal accumulation into rice (oryza sativa l.) using biochar amendment--a field experiment in hunan, china. | a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of bean stalk (bbc) and rice straw (rbc) biochars on the bioavailability of metal(loid)s in soil and their accumulation into rice plants. phytoavailability of cd was most dramatically influenced by biochars addition. both biochars significantly decreased cd concentrations in iron plaque (35-81 %), roots (30-75 %), shoots (43-79 %) and rice grain (26-71 %). following biochars addition, zinc concentrations in roots and shoots decreased by ... | 2015 | 25794575 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis of the rice (oryza sativa l.) salt response. | salt stress is one of most serious limiting factors for crop growth and production. an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq) approach was used to analyze proteomic changes in rice shoots under salt stress in this study. a total of 56 proteins were significantly altered and 16 of them were enriched in the pathways of photosynthesis, antioxidant and oxidative phosphorylation. among these 16 proteins, peroxiredoxin q and photosystem i subunit d were up-regulated, while thiore ... | 2015 | 25793471 |
| time-course association mapping of the grain-filling rate in rice (oryza sativa l.). | detecting quantity trait locus (qtls) and elite alleles that are associated with grain-filling rate (gfr) in rice is essential for promoting the utilization of hybrid japonica rice and improving rice yield. ninety-five varieties including 58 landraces and 37 elite varieties from the core germplasm collection were genotyped with 263 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. the gfr of the 95 varieties was evaluated at five stages, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after flowering (daf) both in 2011 and 2012. ... | 2015 | 25789629 |
| functions for rice rfl in vegetative axillary meristem specification and outgrowth. | axillary meristems (ams) are secondary shoot meristems whose outgrowth determines plant architecture. in rice, ams form tillers, and tillering mutants reveal an interplay between transcription factors and the phytohormones auxin and strigolactone as some factors that underpin this developmental process. previous studies showed that knockdown of the transcription factor gene rfl reduced tillering and caused a very large decrease in panicle branching. here, the relationship between rfl, am initiat ... | 2015 | 25788736 |
| genome-wide association mapping for yield and other agronomic traits in an elite breeding population of tropical rice (oryza sativa). | genome-wide association mapping studies (gwas) are frequently used to detect qtl in diverse collections of crop germplasm, based on historic recombination events and linkage disequilibrium across the genome. generally, diversity panels genotyped with high density snp panels are utilized in order to assay a wide range of alleles and haplotypes and to monitor recombination breakpoints across the genome. by contrast, gwas have not generally been performed in breeding populations. in this study we p ... | 2015 | 25785447 |
| effects of ripening temperature on starch structure and gelatinization, pasting, and cooking properties in rice (oryza sativa). | the effect of ripening temperature on rice (oryza sativa) grain quality was evaluated by assessing starch structure and gelatinization, pasting, and cooking properties. as the ripening temperature increased, the amylose content and number of short amylopectin chains decreased, whereas intermediate amylopectin chains increased, resulting in higher gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy in the starch. these results suggested that an increase in cooking temperature and time would be required for ... | 2015 | 25781203 |
| priming effect of abscisic acid on alkaline stress tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | saline-alkaline stress is characterized by high salinity and high alkalinity (high ph); alkaline stress has been shown to be the primary factor inhibiting rice seedling growth. in this study, we investigated the potential priming effect of abscisic acid (aba) on tolerance of rice seedlings to alkaline stress simulated by na2co3. seedlings were pretreated with aba at concentrations of 0 (control), 10, and 50 μm by root-drench for 24 h and then transferred to a na2co3 solution that did not contain ... | 2015 | 25780993 |
| dna-protein cross-links involved in growth inhibition of rice seedlings exposed to ga. | hydroponic experiments were conducted with rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv. xzx45) exposed to gallium nitrate (ga(3+)) to investigate the accumulation of ga in plant tissues and phytotoxic responses. results showed that phyto-transport of ga was apparent, and roots were the dominant site for ga accumulation. the total accumulation rates of ga responded biphasically to ga treatments by showing increases at low (1.06-8.52 mg ga/l) and constants at high (8.52-15.63 mg ga/l) concentrations, sugge ... | 2015 | 25772880 |
| stress-induced oryza sativa bat1 dual helicase exhibits unique bipolar translocation. | hla-b associated transcript 1 (bat1) protein, also named as spliceosome rna helicase uap56, is a member of the dexd/h-box family of helicases. however, regulation under stress, biochemical properties, and functions of plant homologue of bat1 are poorly understood. here, we report the purification and detailed biochemical characterization of the oryza sativa homologue of bat1 (osbat1/uap56) protein (52 kda) and regulation of its transcript under abiotic stress. osbat1 transcript levels are enhanc ... | 2015 | 25772680 |
| mitigation of cu(ii) phytotoxicity to rice (oryza sativa) in the presence of tio₂ and ceo₂ nanoparticles combined with humic acid. | engineered nanoparticles (nps) and natural organic matter (nom) in the environment may interact with background contaminants such as heavy metals and modify their bioavailability and toxicity. in the present study, the combined influences of 2 common nps (tio2 and ceo2 ) and humic acid (ha; as a model nom) on cu(ii) phytotoxicity to rice were investigated by a 3-d root elongation assay performed on filter paper media. the results showed that the adsorption coefficients of bare tio2 and ceo2 nps ... | 2015 | 25771918 |
| brassinosteroids are involved in fe homeostasis in rice (oryza sativa l.). | brassinosteroids (brs) are steroid hormones that modulate numerous physiological processes in plants. however, few studies have focused on the involvement of brs in sensing and responding to the stress of mineral nutrient deficiency. in the present study, we evaluated the roles of brs in the response of rice (oryza sativa) to iron (fe) deficiency during fe uptake, transport, and translocation. exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide (ebr) to wild-type (wt) plants exaggerated leaf symptoms of ... | 2015 | 25770588 |
| qrt9, a quantitative trait locus controlling root thickness and root length in upland rice. | breeding for strong root systems is an important strategy for improving drought avoidance in rice. to clone genes responsible for strong root traits, an upland rice introgression line il392 with thicker and longer roots than the background parent lowland rice yuefu was selected. a quantitative trait locus (qtl), qrt9, controlling root thickness and root length was detected under hydroponic culture using 203 f(2:3) populations derived from a cross between yuefu and il392. the qrt9 locus explained ... | 2015 | 25769309 |
| genotypic variation in the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by twenty cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.). | agricultural soil in china contains high levels of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp), especially in paddy-field soil of guangdong province of china, but the accumulation and translocation of dehp by rice (oryza sativa l.) remains unknown. in the present study, twenty rice cultivars were cultivated in paddy soil spiked with dehp, and variations in dehp accumulation and translocation among various cultivars were investigated. our results showed that dehp concentrations in roots and shoots of diff ... | 2015 | 25768422 |
| fungal and bacterial metabolites associated with natural contamination of locally processed rice (oryza sativa l.) in nigeria. | this study reports the fungal and bacterial metabolites associated with natural contamination of 38 composite samples of locally processed rice from five agro-ecological zones of nigeria (aezs). the samples were evaluated for the presence of microbial metabolites by lc-ms/ms. among the identified metabolites, 63 fungal and 5 bacterial metabolites were measured at varying concentrations and occurrence levels. fusarium toxins had the highest incidence of 79%, but occurred in low amounts with fumon ... | 2015 | 25767914 |
| polyphenols in whole rice grain: genetic diversity and health benefits. | polyphenols, such as phenolic acid, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidins, have both nutraceutical properties and functional significance for human health. identification of polyphenolic compounds and investigation of their genetic basis among diverse rice genotypes provides the basis for the improvement of the nutraceutical properties of whole rice grain. this review focuses on current information on the identification, genetic diversity, formation and distribution patterns of the phenolic acid, an ... | 2015 | 25766805 |
| a targeted metabolomics approach toward understanding metabolic variations in rice under pesticide stress. | diazinon insecticide is widely applied throughout rice (oryza sativa l.) fields in iran. however, concerns are now being raised about its potential adverse impacts on rice fields. in this study, a time-course metabolic change in rice plants was investigated after diazinon treatment using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms), and subsequently the statistical strategy of random forest (rf) was performed in order to find the stress-associated effects. according to the results, a wide range ... | 2015 | 25766578 |
| toward deciphering the genome-wide transcriptional responses of rice to phosphate starvation and recovery. | phosphate (pi) limitation is one of the major factors negatively impacting crop yield worldwide. next generation sequencing (ngs) was used to profile the transcriptomes of rice (oryza sativa) roots and shoots after phosphate starvation and recovery, shedding further light on the complex and dynamic mechanisms involved in pi homeostasis. the use of ngs also enabled the identification of previously not annotated loci and novel isoforms of genes that are specifically induced by pi starvation. furth ... | 2014 | 25764427 |
| physiological response of rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes to elevated nitrogen applied under field conditions. | field experiment was conducted at g.b.p.u.a.t. pantnagar, uttarakhand, india in rainy season of 2008 and 2009 to study the impacts of increased nitrogen doses on growth dynamics, biomass partitioning, chaffy grain and nitrogen use efficiency in 4 rice genotypes viz., vasumati, tulsi, kasturi and krishna hamsa. four doses (n(0), n(50), n(100) and n(200) kg n ha(-1)) of nitrogen in the form of urea were applied in 3 split. increased trend in growth dynamics during active tillering and flowering st ... | 2014 | 25763485 |
| qac2, a novel qtl that interacts with wx and controls the low amylose content in rice (oryza sativa l.). | this manuscript reports the fine mapping of a novel qtl, qac2 controlling the low amylose in rice. the action mechanism of the qac2 is also investigated by the analysis of genetic interactions to wx (a), wx (b), du1, du2 and du3. amylose content of the rice (oryza sativa l.) endosperm greatly affects starch properties and eating quality of cooked rice. seeds of japonica rice cultivar kuiku162 have low amylose content (ac) and good eating quality. our analysis revealed a novel qtl, designated as ... | 2015 | 25762131 |
| punctual transcriptional regulation by the rice circadian clock under fluctuating field conditions. | plant circadian clocks that oscillate autonomously with a roughly 24-h period are entrained by fluctuating light and temperature and globally regulate downstream genes in the field. however, it remains unknown how punctual internal time produced by the circadian clock in the field is and how it is affected by environmental fluctuations due to weather or daylength. using hundreds of samples of field-grown rice (oryza sativa) leaves, we developed a statistical model for the expression of circadian ... | 2015 | 25757473 |
| aequorin-based luminescence imaging reveals differential calcium signalling responses to salt and reactive oxygen species in rice roots. | it is well established that both salt and reactive oxygen species (ros) stresses are able to increase the concentration of cytosolic free ca(2+) ([ca(2+)]i), which is caused by the flux of calcium (ca(2+)). however, the differences between these two processes are largely unknown. here, we introduced recombinant aequorin into rice (oryza sativa) and examined the change in [ca(2+)]i in response to salt and ros stresses. the transgenic rice harbouring aequorin showed strong luminescence in roots wh ... | 2015 | 25754405 |
| transgenic expression of an unedited mitochondrial orfb gene product from wild abortive (wa) cytoplasm of rice (oryza sativa l.) generates male sterility in fertile rice lines. | over-expression of the unedited mitochondrial orfb gene product generates male sterility in fertile indica rice lines in a dose-dependent manner. cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) and nuclear-controlled fertility restoration are widespread developmental features in plant reproductive systems. in self-pollinated crop plants, these processes often provide useful tools to exploit hybrid vigour. the wild abortive cms has been employed in the majority of the "three-line" hybrid rice production since 1 ... | 2015 | 25754232 |
| comprehensive profiling of the rice ubiquitome reveals the significance of lysine ubiquitination in young leaves. | protein ubiquitination is a major post-translational modification that regulates development, apoptosis, responses to environmental cues, and other processes in eukaryotes. although several ubiquitinated proteins have been identified in rice, large-scale profiling of the rice ubiquitome has not been reported because of limitations in the current analytical methods. here, we report the first rice ubiquitome, determined by combining highly sensitive immune affinity purification and high resolution ... | 2015 | 25751157 |
| genetic architecture of natural variation in rice chlorophyll content revealed by a genome-wide association study. | chlorophyll content is one of the most important physiological traits as it is closely related to leaf photosynthesis and crop yield potential. so far, few genes have been reported to be involved in natural variation of chlorophyll content in rice (oryza sativa) and the extent of variations explored is very limited. we conducted a genome-wide association study (gwas) using a diverse worldwide collection of 529 o. sativa accessions. a total of 46 significant association loci were identified. thre ... | 2015 | 25747843 |
| hd3a promotes lateral branching in rice. | accumulating evidence indicates that the flowering locus t (ft) protein is the mobile floral signal known as florigen. a rice ft homolog, heading date 3a (hd3a), is transported from the phloem to shoot apical cells, where it interacts with 14-3-3 proteins and transcription factor osfd1 to form a florigen activation complex (fac) that activates a rice homolog of the floral identity gene apetala1. recent studies showed that florigen has roles in plant development beyond flowering; however, the exa ... | 2015 | 25740115 |
| loss-of-function mutation of rice slac7 decreases chloroplast stability and induces a photoprotection mechanism in rice. | plants absorb sunlight to power the photochemical reactions of photosynthesis, which can potentially damage the photosynthetic machinery. however, the mechanism that protects chloroplasts from the damage remains unclear. in this work, we demonstrated that rice (oryza sativa l.) slac7 is a generally expressed membrane protein. loss-of-function of slac7 caused continuous damage to the chloroplasts of mutant leaves under normal light conditions. ion leakage indicators related to leaf damage such as ... | 2015 | 25739330 |
| reduced aba accumulation in the root system is caused by aba exudation in upland rice (oryza sativa l. var. gaoshan1) and this enhanced drought adaptation. | lowland rice (nipponbare) and upland rice (gaoshan 1) that are comparable under normal and moderate drought conditions showed dramatic differences in severe drought conditions, both naturally occurring long-term drought and simulated rapid water deficits. we focused on their root response and found that enhanced tolerance of upland rice to severe drought conditions was mainly due to the lower level of aba in its roots than in those of the lowland rice. we first excluded the effect of aba biosynt ... | 2015 | 25735958 |
| variations between the photosynthetic properties of elite and landrace chinese rice cultivars revealed by simultaneous measurements of 820 nm transmission signal and chlorophyll a fluorescence induction. | the difference between the photosynthetic properties of elite and landrace chinese rice cultivars was studied, using chlorophyll a fluorescence induction (mostly a monitor of photosystem ii activity) and i820 transmission signal (mostly a monitor of photosystem i activity) to identify potential photosynthetic features differentiating these two groups, which show different degrees of artificial selection and grain yields. a higher fluorescence (related to psii) ip rise phase and a lower p700(+) ( ... | 2015 | 25732386 |
| reduction of pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase activity is associated with high temperature-induced chalkiness in rice grains. | global warming affects both rice (oryza sativa) yields and grain quality. rice chalkiness due to high temperature during grain filling would lower the grain quality. the biochemical and molecular mechanisms responsible for the increased occurrence of chalkiness under high temperature are not fully understood. previous research suggested that cytosolic pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (cyppdk, ec 2.7.9.1) in rice modulates carbon metabolism. the objective of this study was to determine the relati ... | 2015 | 25725409 |
| low ph-induced changes of antioxidant enzyme and atpase activities in the roots of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | soil acidification is the main problem in the current rice production. here, the effects of low ph on the root growth, reactive oxygen species metabolism, plasma membrane functions, and the transcript levels of the related genes were investigated in rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.) in a hydroponic system at ph 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5. there were two hybrid rice cultivars in this trial, including yongyou 12 (yy12, a japonica hybrid) and zhongzheyou 1 (zzy1, an indica hybrid). higher h+ activity markedl ... | 2015 | 25719552 |
| co2-responsive constans, constans-like, and time of chlorophyll a/b binding protein expression1 protein is a positive regulator of starch synthesis in vegetative organs of rice. | a unique co2-responsive constans, constans-like, and time of chlorophyll a/b binding protein1 (cct) protein (crct) containing a cct domain but not a zinc finger motif is described, which is up-regulated under elevated co2 in rice (oryza sativa). the expression of crct showed diurnal oscillation peaked at the end of the light period and was also increased by sugars such as glucose and sucrose. promoter β-glucuronidase analysis showed that crct was highly expressed in the phloem of various tissues ... | 2015 | 25717036 |
| three novel alleles of floury endosperm2 (flo2) confer dull grains with low amylose content in rice. | rice is a major food source for much of the world, and expanding our knowledge of genes conferring specific rice grain attributes will benefit both farmer and consumer. here we present novel dull grain mutants with a low amylose content (ac) derived from mutagenesis of oryza sativa, ssp. japonica cv. taikeng 8 (tk8). positional cloning of the gene conferring the dull grain phenotype revealed a point mutation located at the acceptor splice site of intron 11 of floury endosperm2 (flo2), encoding a ... | 2015 | 25711812 |
| effects of exogenous gibberellic acid3 on iron and manganese plaque amounts and iron and manganese uptake in rice. | gibberellins (ga) regulate various components of plant development. iron and mn plaque result from oxiding and hydroxiding fe and mn, respectively, on the roots of aquatic plant species such as rice (oryza sativa l.). in this study, we found that exogenous gibberellic acid3 (ga3) spray decreased fe plaque, but increased mn plaque, with applications of kimura b nutrient solution. similar effects from ga3, leading to reduced fe plaque and increased mn plaque, were also found by scanning electron m ... | 2015 | 25710173 |
| allele mining strategies: principles and utilisation for blast resistance genes in rice (oryza sativa l.). | allele mining is a promising way to dissect naturally occurring allelic variants of candidate genes with essential agronomic qualities. with the identification, isolation and characterisation of blast resistance genes in rice, it is now possible to dissect the actual allelic variants of these genes within an array of rice cultivars via allele mining. multiple alleles from the complex locus serve as a reservoir of variation to generate functional genes. the routine sequence exchange is one of the ... | 2015 | 25706446 |
| comparative analysis of the rtfl peptide family on the control of plant organogenesis. | plant peptides play important roles in various aspects of plant growth and development. the rtfl/dvl family includes small peptides that are widely conserved among land plants. overexpression of six rtfl genes in arabidopsis was suggestive of their functions as negative regulators of cell proliferation and as positional cues along the longitudinal axis of the plant body . at this time, few reports are available on rtfl paralogs in other species and the evolutionary relationship of rtfl members a ... | 2015 | 25701405 |
| monoculm 3, an ortholog of wuschel in rice, is required for tiller bud formation. | wuschel (wus) plays an essential role for the maintenance of meristem activity in dicots, but its function is still elusive in monocots. we isolated a new monoculm mutant, monoculm 3 (moc3), in which a point mutation causes the premature termination of rice o. sativa wus (oswus). morphological observation revealed that the formation of tiller buds was disrupted in moc3. moc3 was localized in the nuclear and could interact with topless-related proteins (tprs). the expression of moc3 was induced b ... | 2015 | 25697101 |
| effect of atmospheric mercury deposition on selenium accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) at a mercury mining region in southwestern china. | selenium (se) is an important trace element for human nutrition and has an interactive effect on mercury (hg) uptake by plants and hg toxicity in animals. rice (oryza sativa l.) is the dominant source of dietary se in china, however the effect of soil hg contamination on the se concentration in rice is unknown. we collected 29 whole rice plant samples and corresponding soils from an active artisanal mercury mining area and an abandoned commercial mercury mining area. the soil se concentration wa ... | 2015 | 25688871 |
| operative photo assimilation associated proteome modulations are critical for iron-dependent cadmium tolerance in oryza sativa l. | iron-dependent cd tolerance in oryza sativa l. cv 7029 had been explored. photo assimilatory process such as photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation found to be functional in the presence of excess fe during cd stress. cd-inducible fe deficiency demonstrated with upregulation of iron uptake gene families such as osirt and osysl was attributed as foremost reason for retardation of photo assimilation in the course of cd treatment. upholding of photo assimilation during fe supplement was associated wi ... | 2015 | 25687295 |
| fine mapping of a major quantitative trait locus, qlg-9, that controls seed longevity in rice (oryza sativa l.). | we fine-mapped a quantitative trait locus, qlg - 9, for seed longevity detected between japonica-type and indica-type cultivars. qlg - 9 was mapped in a 30-kb interval of the nipponbare genome sequence. a quantitative trait locus, qlg-9, for seed longevity in rice has previously been detected on chromosome 9 by using backcross inbred lines derived from a cross between japonica-type (nipponbare) and indica-type (kasalath) cultivars. in the present study, the chromosomal location of qlg-9 was prec ... | 2015 | 25687128 |
| a gene expression profiling of early rice stamen development that reveals inhibition of photosynthetic genes by osmads58. | stamen is a unique plant organ wherein germ cells or microsporocytes that commit to meiosis are initiated from somatic cells during its early developmental process. while genes determining stamen identity are known according to the abc model of floral development, little information is available on how these genes affect germ cell initiation. by using the affymetrix genechip rice genome array to assess 51 279 transcripts, we established a dynamic gene expression profile (gep) of the early develo ... | 2015 | 25684654 |
| arsenite stress variably stimulates pro-oxidant enzymes, anatomical deformities, photosynthetic pigment reduction, and antioxidants in arsenic-tolerant and sensitive rice seedlings. | contamination of arsenic (as) in rice (oryza sativa l.) paddies and subsequent uptake by rice plants is a serious concern, because rice is a staple crop for millions of people. identification of as toxicity and detoxification mechanisms in paddy rice cultivars would help to reduce as-associated risk. arsenic tolerance and susceptibility mechanisms were investigated in 2 differential as-accumulating rice genotypes, triguna and iet-4786, selected from initial screening of 52 rice cultivars as an a ... | 2015 | 25683332 |
| community dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in high-input and intensively irrigated rice cultivation systems. | application of a mycorrhizal inoculum could be one way to increase the yield of rice plants and reduce the application of fertilizer. we therefore studied arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in the roots of wetland rice (oryza sativa l.) collected at the seedling, tillering, heading, and ripening stages in four paddy wetlands that had been under a high-input and intensively irrigated rice cultivation system for more than 20 years. it was found that amf colonization was mainly established in the h ... | 2015 | 25681190 |
| physiological mechanisms contributing to the qtl-combination effects on improved performance of ir64 rice nils under drought. | characterizing the physiological mechanisms behind major-effect drought-yield quantitative trait loci (qtls) can provide an understanding of the function of the qtls-as well as plant responses to drought in general. in this study, we characterized rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes with qtls derived from drought-tolerant traditional variety adaysel that were introgressed into drought-susceptible high-yielding variety ir64, one of the most popular megavarieties in south asian rainfed lowland system ... | 2015 | 25680791 |
| genetic dissection of an alien chromosomal segment may enable the production of a rice (oryza sativa l.) genotype showing shoot developmental instability. | during the course of evolutionary history, organisms have acquired genes which cooperate harmoniously and subsequently express a stable pattern of development. in an earlier study we introduced a large chromosomal segment of chromosome 6 from a rice (oryza sativa l.) ecotype, carrying the two flowering-time genes, which showed complex epistatic interactions in relation to environmental change, into a different ecotype by successive backcrossings. four-near-isogenic lines (nils) with respect to t ... | 2015 | 25677854 |
| the alteration in the architecture of a t-dna insertion rice mutant osmtd1 is caused by up-regulation of microrna156f. | plant architecture is an important factor for crop production. some members of microrna156 (mir156) and their target genes squamosa promoter-binding protein-like (spl) were identified to play essential roles in the establishment of plant architecture. however, the roles and regulation of mir156 is not well understood yet. here, we identified a t-dna insertion mutant osmtd1 (oryza sativa multi-tillering and dwarf mutant). osmtd1 produced more tillers and displayed short stature phenotype. we dete ... | 2015 | 25677853 |
| selenium and auxin mitigates arsenic stress in rice (oryza sativa l.) by combining the role of stress indicators, modulators and genotoxicity assay. | arsenic (as) is known to disrupt the biological function in plants by inhibiting their growth and developmental process, while selenium (se) is an essential micronutrient within the appropriate amount. phytohormone auxin on the other hand is an established growth regulator and plays a significant role in stress management. present study is designed to see the effect of se and auxin on morphological and biochemical characteristics and, on the genotoxicity in rice plants under as stress. the obser ... | 2015 | 25677475 |
| in silico simulation modeling reveals the importance of the casparian strip for efficient silicon uptake in rice roots. | silicon (si) uptake by the roots is mediated by two different transporters, lsi1 (passive) and lsi2 (active), in rice (oryza sativa). both transporters are polarly localized in the plasma membranes of exodermal (outer) and endodermal (inner) cells with casparian strips. however, it is unknown how rice is able to take up large amounts of si compared with other plants, and why rice si transporters have a characteristic cellular localization pattern. to answer these questions, we simulated si uptak ... | 2015 | 25673476 |
| a mutation in giant chloroplast encoding a parc6 homolog affects spikelet fertility in rice. | chloroplasts are not generated de novo but proliferate from a pre-existing population of plastids present in meristematic cells. chloroplast division is executed by the co-ordinated action of at least two molecular machineries: internal machinery located on the stromal side of the inner envelope membrane and external machinery located on the cytosolic side of the outer envelope membrane. to date, molecular studies of chloroplast division in higher plants have been limited to several species such ... | 2015 | 25667114 |
| base to tip and long-distance transport of sodium in the root of common reed [phragmites australis (cav.) trin. ex steud.] at steady state under constant high-salt conditions. | we analyzed the directions and rates of translocation of sodium ions (na(+)) within tissues of a salt-tolerant plant, common reed [phragmites australis (cav.) trin. ex steud.], and a salt-sensitive plant, rice (oryza sativa l.), under constant high-salt conditions using radioactive (22)na tracer and a positron-emitting tracer imaging system (petis). first, the test plants were incubated in a nutrient solution containing 50 mm nacl and a trace level of (22)na for 24 h (feeding step). then the ori ... | 2015 | 25667113 |
| knock-down of stress inducible ossrfp1 encoding an e3 ubiquitin ligase with transcriptional activation activity confers abiotic stress tolerance through enhancing antioxidant protection in rice. | e3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in a variety of physiological processes. this study demonstrated the function of a previously unknown rice ring finger e3 ligase, oryza sativa stress-related ring finger protein 1 (ossrfp1) in stress responses in rice. ossrfp1 was ubiquitously expressed in various rice organs, with the higher expression levels in roots, panicles and culm nodes. the transcript of ossrfp1 was induced by cold, dehydration, salt, h2o2 and abscisic acid treatments. interestingly, the ... | 2015 | 25667045 |
| plant-assisted rhizoremediation of decabromodiphenyl ether for e-waste recycling area soil of taizhou, china. | to develop an effective phytoremediation approach to purify soils polluted by decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) in e-waste recycling area, pot experiments were conducted through greenhouse growth of seven plant species in bde-209-polluted soils. the hygrocolous rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars (xius and huanghz) and the xerophyte ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) were found to be as the most effective functional plants for facilitating bde-209 dissipation, with the removal of 52.9, 41.9, and 38.7% in ... | 2015 | 25666473 |
| widely distributed hot and cold spots in meiotic recombination as shown by the sequencing of rice f2 plants. | numerous studies have argued that environmental variations may contribute to evolution through the generation of novel heritable variations via meiotic recombination, which plays a crucial role in crop domestication and improvement. rice is one of the most important staple crops, but no direct estimate of recombination events has yet been made at a fine scale. here, we address this limitation by sequencing 41 rice individuals with high sequencing coverage and c. 900 000 accurate markers. an aver ... | 2015 | 25664766 |
| anthocyanins from black rice (oryza sativa l.) demonstrate antimetastatic properties by reducing mmps and nf-κb expressions in human oral cancer cal 27 cells. | aside from the commonly known white rice lines, colored varieties also exist. these varieties have historically been used in chinese medicine. anthocyanins, a large group of natural polyphenols existing in a variety of daily fruits and vegetables, have been widely recognized as cancer chemopreventive agents. the primary objective of cancer treatment strategies has traditionally focused on preventing the occurrence of metastasis. in this research the antimetastatic mechanism of anthocyanins on th ... | 2015 | 25658905 |
| genetic manipulation of a high-affinity phr1 target cis-element to improve phosphorous uptake in oryza sativa l. | phosphorus (p) is an essential macronutrient for crop development and production. phosphate starvation response 1 (phr1) acts as the central regulator for pi-signaling and pi-homeostasis in plants by binding to the cis-element phr1 binding sequence (p1bs; gnatatnc). however, how phosphate starvation-induced gene expression is regulated remains obscure. in this work, we investigated the dna binding affinity of the phr1 ortholog osphr2 to its downstream target genes in oryza sativa (rice). we conf ... | 2015 | 25657119 |
| rice ( oryza) hemoglobins. | hemoglobins (hbs) corresponding to non-symbiotic (nshb) and truncated (thb) hbs have been identified in rice ( oryza). this review discusses the major findings from the current studies on rice hbs. at the molecular level, a family of the nshb genes, consisting of hb1, hb2, hb3, hb4 and hb5, and a single copy of the thb gene exist in oryza sativa var. indica and o. sativa var. japonica, hb transcripts coexist in rice organs and hb polypeptides exist in rice embryonic and vegetative organs and in ... | 2014 | 25653837 |
| comparative genomics of grass est libraries reveals previously uncharacterized splicing events in crop plants. | crop plants such as rice, maize and sorghum play economically-important roles as main sources of food, fuel, and animal feed. however, current genome annotations of crop plants still suffer false-positive predictions; a more comprehensive registry of alternative splicing (as) events is also in demand. comparative genomics of crop plants is largely unexplored. | 2015 | 25652661 |
| mechanisms of growth and patterns of gene expression in oxygen-deprived rice coleoptiles. | coleoptiles of rice (oryza sativa) seedlings grown under water commonly elongate by up to 1 mm h(-1) to reach the atmosphere. we initially analysed this highly specialized phenomenon by measuring epidermal cell lengths along the coleoptile axis to determine elongation rates. this revealed a cohort of cells in the basal zone that elongated rapidly following emergence from the embryo, reaching 200 μm within 12 h. after filming coleoptiles in vivo for a day, kinematic analysis was applied. eight ti ... | 2015 | 25650041 |
| phiv-rootcell: a supervised image analysis tool for rice root anatomical parameter quantification. | we developed the phiv-rootcell software to quantify anatomical traits of rice roots transverse section images. combined with an efficient root sample processing method for image acquisition, this program permits supervised measurements of areas (those of whole root section, stele, cortex, and central metaxylem vessels), number of cell layers and number of cells per cell layer. the phiv-rootcell toolset runs under imagej, an independent operating system that has a license-free status. to demonstr ... | 2014 | 25646121 |
| a hemicellulose-bound form of silicon inhibits cadmium ion uptake in rice (oryza sativa) cells. | silicon (si) alleviates cadmium (cd) toxicity in rice (oryza sativa). however, the chemical mechanisms at the single-cell level are poorly understood. here, a suspension of rice cells exposed to cd and/or si treatments was investigated using a combination of plant cell nutritional, molecular biological, and physical techniques including in situ noninvasive microtest technology (nmt), polymerase chain reaction (pcr), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (icp-ms), and atomic force microsco ... | 2015 | 25645894 |
| asparagine synthetase1, but not asparagine synthetase2, is responsible for the biosynthesis of asparagine following the supply of ammonium to rice roots. | asparagine is synthesized from glutamine by the reaction of asparagine synthetase (as) and is the major nitrogen form in both xylem and phloem sap in rice (oryza sativa l.). there are two genes encoding as, osas1 and osas2, in rice, but the functions of individual as isoenzymes are largely unknown. cell type- and nh4(+)-inducible expression of osas1 as well as analyses of knockout mutants were carried out in this study to characterize as1. osas1 was mainly expressed in the roots, with in situ hy ... | 2015 | 25634963 |
| genome-wide association mapping of salinity tolerance in rice (oryza sativa). | salinity tolerance in rice is highly desirable to sustain production in areas rendered saline due to various reasons. it is a complex quantitative trait having different components, which can be dissected effectively by genome-wide association study (gwas). here, we implemented gwas to identify loci controlling salinity tolerance in rice. a custom-designed array based on 6,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in as many stress-responsive genes, distributed at an average physical interval o ... | 2015 | 25627243 |
| induced jasmonate signaling leads to contrasting effects on root damage and herbivore performance. | induced defenses play a key role in plant resistance against leaf feeders. however, very little is known about the signals that are involved in defending plants against root feeders and how they are influenced by abiotic factors. we investigated these aspects for the interaction between rice (oryza sativa) and two root-feeding insects: the generalist cucumber beetle (diabrotica balteata) and the more specialized rice water weevil (lissorhoptrus oryzophilus). rice plants responded to root attack ... | 2015 | 25627217 |
| residues of thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole in rice grain. | thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole insecticides have been important tools for controlling pests in rice. however, food safety issues related to pesticide residues are important to consider with a food crop such as rice. therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole residues in rice hull, bran, and polished rice grains. the study was conducted during the 2012 cropping season at the texas a&m agrilife research, david r. wintermann rice research statio ... | 2015 | 25626153 |
| light-modulated seminal wavy roots in rice mediated by nitric oxide-dependent signaling. | rice (oryza sativa l.) seminal roots from germinated seeds help establish seedlings, but the seminal root growth and morphology are sensitive to environmental factors. our previous research showed that several indica-type rice varieties such as taichung native 1 (tcn1) showed light-induced wavy roots. also, auxin and oxylipins are two signaling factors regulating the wavy root photomorphology. to investigate the signaling pathway, here, we found that nitric oxide (no) was a second messenger trig ... | 2015 | 25619895 |
| nonuniform gene expression pattern detected along the longitudinal axis in the matured rice leaf. | rice (oryza sativa) is a staple crop that supports half the world's population and an important monocot model system. monocot leaf matures in a basipetal manner, and has a well-defined developmental gradient along the longitudinal axis. however, little is known about its transcriptional dynamics after leaf maturation. in this study, we have reconstructed a high spatial resolution transcriptome for the matured rice leaf by sectioning the leaf into seven 3-cm fragments. we have performed strand-sp ... | 2015 | 25619793 |
| reconstructed metagenomes reveal changes of microbial functional profiling during pahs degradation along a rice (oryza sativa) rhizosphere gradient. | the response of microbial metagenome to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) degradation in the rice rhizosphere remains poorly understood. we investigated the spatial and temporal variations of microbial communities and reconstructed metagenomes along the rice rhizosphere gradient during pahs degradation. | 2015 | 25619404 |
| ectopic expression of myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase induces a wide range of metabolic changes and confers salt tolerance in rice. | salt stress is an important factor that limits crop production worldwide. the salt tolerance of plants is a complex biological process mediated by changes in gene expression and metabolite composition. the enzyme myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase (mips; ec 5.5.1.4) catalyzes the first step of myo-inositol biosynthesis, and overexpression of the mips gene enhances salt stress tolerance in several plant species. in this study, we performed metabolite profiling of both mips-overexpressing and wild- ... | 2015 | 25617323 |
| effects of timing and severity of salinity stress on rice (oryza sativa l.) yield, grain composition, and starch functionality. | the aim of this work was to examine agronomic, compositional, and functional changes in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) grains from plants grown under low-to-moderate salinity stress in the greenhouse. plants were grown in sodium chloride-containing soil (2 or 4 ds/m(2) electrical conductivity), which was imposed 4-weeks after transplant (called seedling ec2 and ec4) or after the appearance of the anthers (called anthesis ec2 and ec4). the former simulates field conditions while the latter ... | 2015 | 25615402 |
| novel roles of hydrogen peroxide (h₂o₂) in regulating pectin synthesis and demethylesterification in the cell wall of rice (oryza sativa) root tips. | hydrogen peroxide (h₂o₂) has been reported to increase lignin formation, enhance cell wall rigidification, restrict cell expansion and inhibit root elongation. however, our results showed that it not only inhibited rice (oryza sativa) root elongation, but also increased root diameter. no study has reported how and why h₂o₂ increases cell expansion and root diameter. exogenous h₂o₂ and its scavenger 4-hydroxy-tempo were applied to confirm the roles of h₂o₂. immunofluorescence, fluorescence probe, ... | 2015 | 25615266 |
| a hemicellulose-bound form of silicon with potential to improve the mechanical properties and regeneration of the cell wall of rice. | silicon (si) plays a large number of diverse roles in plants, but the structural and chemical mechanisms operating at the single-cell level remain unclear. we isolate the cell walls from suspension-cultured individual cells of rice (oryza sativa) and fractionate them into three main fractions including cellulose (c), hemicellulose (hc) and pectin (p). we find that most of the si is in hc as determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (icp-ms), where si may covalently crosslink the ... | 2015 | 25615017 |
| improving rice tolerance to potassium deficiency by enhancing oshak16p:wox11-controlled root development. | potassium (k) deficiency in plants confines root growth and decreases root-to-shoot ratio, thus limiting root k acquisition in culture medium. a wuschel-related homeobox (wox) gene, wox11, has been reported as an integrator of auxin and cytokinin signalling that regulates root cell proliferation. here, we report that ectopic expression of wox11 gene driven by the promoter of oshak16 encoding a low-k-enhanced k transporter led to an extensive root system and adventitious roots and more effective ... | 2015 | 25599895 |
| studies on the molecular mechanisms of seed germination. | seed germination that begins with imbibition and ends with radicle emergence is the first step for plant growth. successful germination is not only crucial for seedling establishment but also important for crop yield. after being dispersed from mother plant, seed undergoes continuous desiccation in ecosystem and selects proper environment to trigger germination. owing to the contribution of transcriptomic, proteomic, and molecular biological studies, molecular aspect of seed germination is eluci ... | 2015 | 25597791 |
| small subunit of a cold-resistant plant, timothy, does not significantly alter the catalytic properties of rubisco in transgenic rice. | effects of overexpression of high activity-type rubisco small subunit (rbcs) from a cold-resistant plant, timothy (phleum pratense), on kinetic properties of rubisco were studied in rice (oryza sativa). the full-length mrna sequence of timothy rbcs (pprbcs1) was determined by 5'race and 3'race. the coding sequence of pprbcs1 was fused to the chlorophyll a/b-binding protein promoter and introduced into rice. pprbcs was highly expressed in leaf blade and accounted for approximately 30 % of total r ... | 2015 | 25595546 |
| abscisic acid and the key enzymes and genes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in rice spikelets in response to soil drying during grain filling. | abscisic acid mediates the effect of post-anthesis soil drying on grain filling through regulating the activities of key enzymes and expressions of genes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in rice spikelets. this study investigated if abscisic acid (aba) would mediate the effect of post-anthesis soil drying on grain filling through regulating the key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in rice (oryza sativa l.) spikelets. two rice cultivars were field-grown. three treatments, well-wate ... | 2015 | 25589060 |
| golgi/plastid-type manganese superoxide dismutase involved in heat-stress tolerance during grain filling of rice. | superoxide dismutase (sod) is widely assumed to play a role in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species caused by environmental stresses. we found a characteristic expression of manganese sod 1 (msd1) in a heat-stress-tolerant cultivar of rice (oryza sativa). the deduced amino acid sequence contains a signal sequence and an n-glycosylation site. confocal imaging analysis of rice and onion cells transiently expressing msd1-yfp showed msd1-yfp in the golgi apparatus and plastids, indicating t ... | 2015 | 25586098 |
| spatiotemporal distribution of phenolamides and the genetics of natural variation of hydroxycinnamoyl spermidine in rice. | phenolamides constitute a diverse class of secondary metabolites that are found ubiquitously in plants and have been implicated to play an important role in a wide range of biological processes, such as plant development and defense. however, spatiotemporal accumulation patterns of phenolamides in rice, one of the most important crops, are not available, and no gene responsible for phenolamide biosynthesis has been identified in this species. in this study, we report the comprehensive metabolic ... | 2015 | 25578276 |
| using metabolomic approaches to explore chemical diversity in rice. | rice (oryza sativa) is an excellent resource; it comprises 25% of the total caloric intake of the world's population, and rice plants yield many types of bioactive compounds. to determine the number of metabolites in rice and their chemical diversity, the metabolite composition of cultivated rice has been investigated with analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry (ms) and/or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and rice metabolite databases have been constructed. this review summarizes ... | 2015 | 25578272 |
| assessment of arsenic in australian grown and imported rice varieties on sale in australia and potential links with irrigation practises and soil geochemistry. | chronic dietary exposure to arsenic, particularly the inorganic forms (defined as elemental arsenic, predominantly as(3+) and as(5+), and all its inorganic compounds except arsine), is a matter of concern for human health. ingestion of arsenic usually occurs via contaminated water but recent studies show there is also a risk of exposure from food, particularly asian rice (oryza sativa). australia is a rice growing country, contributing around 2% of the world rice trade, and a large proportion of ... | 2015 | 25577696 |
| osarf16, a transcription factor regulating auxin redistribution, is required for iron deficiency response in rice (oryza sativa l.). | plant response to iron deficiency is the most important feature for survival in fe-limited soils. several phytohormones, including auxin, are involved in iron uptake and homeostasis. however, the mechanisms behind how auxin participates in the iron deficiency response in rice are largely unknown. we found that osarf16 was involved in the iron deficiency response and the induction of iron deficiency response genes. most fe-deficient symptoms could be partially restored in the osarf16 mutant, incl ... | 2015 | 25576000 |
| determination of melatonin in rice (oryza sativa) grains by pressurized liquid extraction. | melatonin provides a number of benefits for human health. the study reported here concerns the optimization, validation, and application of analytical pressurized liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorescence detector for the determination of melatonin in rice grains. the factors that are most likely to affect the extraction efficiency were optimized with a 2iv7-2 fractional factorial design. the optimum extraction conditions were achieved by applying 70% ... | 2015 | 25572452 |
| mapping and introgression of qtl for yield and related traits in two backcross populations derived from oryza sativa cv. swarna and two accessions of o. nivara. | advanced backcross qtl (ab-qtl) analysis was carried out in two oryza nivara-derived bc2f2 populations. for nine traits, we identified 28 qtl in population 1 and 26 qtl in population 2. the two most significant yield-enhancing qtl, yldp9.1 and yldp2.1 showed an additive effect of 16 and 7 g per plant in population 1, while yld2.1 and yld11.1 showed an additive effect of 11 and 10 g per plant in population 2. at least one o. nivara-derived qtl with a phenotypic variance of >15% was detected for s ... | 2014 | 25572223 |
| combinations of hd2 and hd4 genes determine rice adaptability to heilongjiang province, northern limit of china. | heading date is a key trait in rice domestication and adaption, and a number of quantitative trait loci (qtls) have been identified. the rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars in the heilongjiang province, the northernmost region of china, have to flower extremely early to fulfill their life cycle. however, the critical genes or different gene combinations controlling early flowering in this region have not been determined. qtl and candidate gene analysis revealed that hd2/ghd7.1/osprr37 plays a major ... | 2015 | 25557147 |
| recurrent parent genome recovery analysis in a marker-assisted backcrossing program of rice (oryza sativa l.). | backcross breeding is the most commonly used method for incorporating a blast resistance gene into a rice cultivar. linkage between the resistance gene and undesirable units can persist for many generations of backcrossing. marker-assisted backcrossing (mabc) along with marker-assisted selection (mas) contributes immensely to overcome the main limitation of the conventional breeding and accelerates recurrent parent genome (rpg) recovery. the mabc approach was employed to incorporate (a) blast re ... | 2015 | 25553855 |
| human health risk assessment, congener specific analysis and spatial distribution pattern of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) through rice crop from selected districts of punjab province, pakistan. | to evaluate the screening level risk assessment of ocps in rice (oryza sativa l.) straw (n=20) and rice grains (n=20), samples were collected from different districts of punjab province, pakistan. ∑ocps' levels (ng g(-1)) in rice straw and grains ranged from 3.63 to 39.40, 2.72 to 49.89, respectively. ddts were found predominant over the other detected ocp isomers followed by hch and heptachlor. results of one way anova reflected no significant difference for ocps' levels among sampling sites, e ... | 2015 | 25553549 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci for phosphorus use efficiency traits in rice using a high density snp map. | soil phosphorus (p) deficiency is one of the major limiting factors to crop production. the development of crop varieties with improved p use efficiency (pue) is an important strategy for sustainable agriculture. the objectives of this research were to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) linked to pue traits using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) map and to estimate the epistatic interactions and environmental effects in rice (oryza sativa l.). | 2014 | 25551672 |
| three geographically separate domestications of asian rice. | domesticated rice (oryza sativa l.) accompanied the dawn of asian civilization(1) and has become one of world's staple crops. from archaeological and genetic evidence various contradictory scenarios for the origin of different varieties of cultivated rice have been proposed, the most recent based on a single domestication(2,3). by examining the footprints of selection in the genomes of different cultivated rice types, we show that there were three independent domestications in different parts of ... | 2015 | 27251535 |
| overexpression of a gene involved in phytic acid biosynthesis substantially increases phytic acid and total phosphorus in rice seeds. | the manipulation of seed phosphorus is important for seedling growth and environmental p sustainability in agriculture. the mechanism of regulating p content in seed, however, is poorly understood. to study regulation of total p, we focused on phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate; insp₆) biosynthesis-related genes, as insp₆ is a major storage form of p in seeds. the rice (oryza sativa l.) low phytic acid mutant lpa1-1 has been identified as a homolog of archael 2-phosphoglycerate kinase. the h ... | 2015 | 27135323 |
| effects of alternating wetting and drying versus continuous flooding on chromium fate in paddy soils. | anthropogenic chromium (cr) pollution in soils poses a great threat to human health through the food chain. it is imperative to understand cr fate under the range of conditions suitable for rice growth. in this study, the effects of irrigation managements on dynamics of porewater cr(vi) concentrations in rice paddies and cr distribution in rice were investigated with pot experiments under greenhouse conditions. soil redox potential in continuous flooding (cf) treatments showed that reducing cond ... | 2015 | 25546832 |
| transcriptional profile of genes involved in ascorbate glutathione cycle in senescing leaves for an early senescence leaf (esl) rice mutant. | to clarify the complex relationship between ascorbate-glutathione (asa-gsh) cycle and h2o2-induced leaf senescence, the genotype-dependent difference in some senescence-related physiological parameters and the transcript levels and the temporal patterns of genes involved in the asa-gsh cycle during leaf senescence were investigated using two rice genotypes, namely, the early senescence leaf (esl) mutant and its wild type. meanwhile, the triggering effect of exogenous h2o2 on the expression of os ... | 2015 | 25546583 |
| antisense suppression of lox3 gene expression in rice endosperm enhances seed longevity. | lipid peroxidation plays a major role in seed longevity and viability. in rice grains, lipid peroxidation is catalyzed by the enzyme lipoxygenase 3 (lox3). previous reports showed that grain from the rice variety dawdam in which the lox3 gene was deleted had less stale flavour after grain storage than normal rice. the molecular mechanism by which lox3 expression is regulated during endosperm development remains unclear. in this study, we expressed a lox3 antisense construct in transgenic rice (o ... | 2015 | 25545811 |
| thioredoxin h isoforms from rice are differentially reduced by nadph/thioredoxin or gsh/glutaredoxin systems. | rice (oryza sativa l.) has multiple potential genes encoding thioredoxin (trx) h and nadp-thioredoxin reductase (ntr). these ntr and trx h isoforms, known as cytoplasmic ntr/trx system along with multiple members of glutaredoxin (grx) family constitute a complex redox control system in rice. in the present study, we investigated the kinetic parameters of two rice ntrs, osntra and osntrb, toward three endogenous trx h isoforms, ostrx1, ostrx20, and ostrx23. the results showed that in contrast wit ... | 2015 | 25541357 |
| qemf3, a novel qtl for the early-morning flowering trait from wild rice, oryza officinalis, to mitigate heat stress damage at flowering in rice, o. sativa. | a decline in rice (oryza sativa l.) production caused by heat stress is one of the biggest concerns resulting from future climate change. rice spikelets are most susceptible to heat stress at flowering. the early-morning flowering (emf) trait mitigates heat-induced spikelet sterility at the flowering stage by escaping heat stress during the daytime. we attempted to develop near-isogenic lines (nils) for emf in the indica-type genetic background by exploiting the emf locus from wild rice, o. offi ... | 2015 | 25534925 |
| growth, physiological adaptation, and gene expression analysis of two egyptian rice cultivars under salt stress. | abiotic stressors, such as high salinity, greatly affect plant growth. in an attempt to explore the mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance, physiological parameters of two local egyptian rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars, sakha 102 and egyptian yasmine, were examined under 50 mm nacl stress for 14 days. the results indicate that egyptian yasmine is relatively salt tolerant compared to sakha 102, and this was evident in its higher dry mass production, lower leaf na(+) levels, and enhanced water ... | 2015 | 25532120 |
| two novel qtls for heading date are identified using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines in rice (oryza sativa l.). | | 2014 | 25527107 |
| uptake kinetics and translocation of selenite and selenate as affected by iron plaque on root surfaces of rice seedlings. | iron plaque on root surfaces greatly influenced selenium uptake and played different roles in selenite and selenate uptake. iron plaque commonly forms on rice root surfaces under flooded conditions, but little is known about the relationship between iron plaque and selenium (se) accumulation. here, we investigate the effects of iron plaque on se uptake by and translocation within rice (oryza sativa) seedlings, and the kinetics of selenite and selenate influx into rice roots (with or without iron ... | 2015 | 25526963 |
| dnl1, encodes cellulose synthase-like d4, is a major qtl for plant height and leaf width in rice (oryza sativa l.). | to better understand the genetic of rice agronomic traits, we selected two different rice germplasms in phenotypes, xian80 and suyunuo, to construct genetic population for qtl analysis. a total of 25 qtls for six traits were found in a 175 f2 population. major qtls, qph12,qlw12.2, qll12 and qgw12.1, explaining 50.00%, 57.08%, 15.41% and 22.51% phenotypic variation for plant height, leaf width, leaf length and grain width, respectively, were located on the same interval of chromosome 12 flanking ... | 2015 | 25522878 |
| translocation and biotransformation of cuo nanoparticles in rice (oryza sativa l.) plants. | metal-based nanoparticles (mnps) may be translocated and biochemically modified in vivo, which may influence the fate of mnps in the environment. here, synchrotron-based techniques were used to investigate the behavior of cuo nps in rice plants exposed to 100 mg/l cuo nps for 14 days. micro x-ray fluorescence (μ-xrf) and micro x-ray absorption near edge structure (μ-xanes) analysis revealed that cuo nps moved into the root epidermis, exodermis, and cortex, and they ultimately reached the endoder ... | 2015 | 25521412 |