| comparative analysis of plant lycopene cyclases. | carotenoids are essential isoprenoid pigments produced by plants, algae, fungi and bacteria. lycopene cyclase (lyc) commonly cyclize carotenoids, which is an important branching step in the carotenogenesis, at one or both end of the backbone. plants have two types of lyc (β-lcy and ϵ-lcy). in this study, plant lycs were analyzed. based on domain analysis, all lycs accommodate lycopene cyclase domain (pf05834). furthermore, motif analysis indicated that motifs were conserved among the plants. on ... | 2015 | 26092704 |
| rice microrna osa-mir1848 targets the obtusifoliol 14α-demethylase gene oscyp51g3 and mediates the biosynthesis of phytosterols and brassinosteroids during development and in response to stress. | phytosterols are membrane components or precursors for brassinosteroid (br) biosynthesis. as they cannot be transported long distances, their homeostasis is tightly controlled through their biosynthesis and metabolism. however, it is unknown whether micrornas are involved in their homeostatic regulation. rice (oryza sativa) plants transformed with microrna osa-mir1848 and its target, the obtusifoliol 14α-demethylase gene, oscyp51g3, were used to investigate the role of osa-mir1848 in the regulat ... | 2015 | 26083975 |
| molecular characterization of oryza sativa wrky6, which binds to w-box-like element 1 of the oryza sativa pathogenesis-related (pr) 10a promoter and confers reduced susceptibility to pathogens. | wrky proteins are transcription factors (tfs) that regulate the expression of defense-related genes. the salicylic acid (sa)-inducible oryza sativa wrky6 (oswrky6) was identified as a positive regulator of oryza sativa pathogenesis-related 10a (ospr10a) by transient expression assays. a physical interaction between oswrky6 and w-box-like element 1 (wle1), which positively regulates ospr10a/probenazole induced protein 1 expression, was verified in vitro. several pathogenesis-related (pr) genes we ... | 2015 | 26083148 |
| comprehensive phenotypic analysis of rice (oryza sativa) response to salinity stress. | increase in soil salinity levels is becoming a major cause of crop yield losses worldwide. rice (oryza sativa) is the most salt-sensitive cereal crop, and many studies have focused on rice salinity tolerance, but a global understanding of this crop's response to salinity is still lacking. we systematically analyzed phenotypic data previously collected for 56 rice genotypes to assess the extent to which rice uses three known salinity tolerance mechanisms: shoot-ion independent tolerance (or osmot ... | 2015 | 26082319 |
| identification of cis-elements and evaluation of upstream regulatory region of a rice anther-specific gene, osipp3, conferring pollen-specific expression in oryza sativa (l.) ssp. indica. | pollen-specific expression. promoters comprise of various cis-regulatory elements which control development and physiology of plants by regulating gene expression. to understand the promoter specificity and also identification of functional cis-acting elements, progressive 5' deletion analysis of the promoter fragments is widely used. we have evaluated the activity of regulatory elements of 5' promoter deletion sequences of anther-specific gene osipp3, viz. osipp3-∆1 (1504 bp), osipp3-∆2 (968 bp ... | 2015 | 26081459 |
| genetic variation in southern usa rice genotypes for seedling salinity tolerance. | the success of a rice breeding program in developing salt tolerant varieties depends on genetic variation and the salt stress response of adapted and donor rice germplasm. in this study, we used a combination of morphological and physiological traits in multivariate analyses to elucidate the phenotypic and genetic variation in salinity tolerance of 30 southern usa rice genotypes, along with 19 donor genotypes with varying degree of tolerance. significant genotypic variation and correlations were ... | 2015 | 26074937 |
| phloem-exudate proteome analysis of response to insect brown plant-hopper in rice. | brown plant-hopper (nilaparvata lugens stål, bph), one of the most devastating agricultural insect pests of rice throughout asia, ingests nutrients from rice sieve tubes and causes a dramatic yield loss. planting resistant variety is an efficient and economical way to control this pest. understanding the mechanisms of host resistance is extremely valuable for molecular design of resistant rice variety. here, we used an itraq-based quantitative proteomics approach to perform analysis of protein e ... | 2015 | 26072143 |
| searching for common responsive parameters for ozone tolerance in 18 rice cultivars in india: results from ethylenediurea studies. | eighteen rice (oryza sativa) cultivars were screened for ozone (o3) tolerance and for the most responsive parameters with ethylenediurea (edu) treatments at two experimental sites experiencing high ambient o3 conditions in the indo-gangetic plains (igp) of india. edu was applied at 15 day intervals until the final harvest phase as a foliar spray at 300 ppm in order to protect the plants from the adverse effects of o3. antioxidant activity, malondialdehyde content (mda), chlorophyll content, gas ... | 2015 | 26071964 |
| involvement of phosphate supplies in different transcriptional regulation pathway of oryza sativa l.'s antioxidative system in response to arsenite and cadmium stress. | the roles of different concentrations of arsenite (as(iii)) and cadmium (cd) (0, 25 and 50 μm) in the absence and presence (1.7 mm) of phosphate (p) in tolerance and antioxidant genes expression in oryza sativa l. were investigated. the growth parameters, metal accumulation, lipid peroxidation and soluble protein and 17 genes involved in metal accumulation and oxidative stress were measured. in our results, lsi6 (osnip2;2) could play an important role in as(iii) accumulation of shoots and roots ... | 2015 | 26070715 |
| characterization and fine mapping of thermo-sensitive chlorophyll deficit mutant1 in rice (oryza sativa l.). | chlorophyll content is one of the most important traits controlling crop biomass and economic yield in rice. here, we isolated a spontaneous rice mutant named thermo-sensitive chlorophyll deficit 1 (tscd1) derived from a backcross recombinant inbred line population. tscd1 plants grown normally from the seedling to tiller stages showed yellow leaves with reduced chlorophyll content, but showed no significant differences after the booting stage. at temperatures below 22°c, the tscd1 mutant showed ... | 2015 | 26069446 |
| genetic diversity and population structure in aromatic and quality rice (oryza sativa l.) landraces from north-eastern india. | the north-eastern (ne) india, comprising of arunachal pradesh, assam, manipur, meghalaya, mizoram, nagaland, sikkim and tripura, possess diverse array of locally adapted non-basmati aromatic germplasm. the germplasm collections from this region could serve as valuable resources in breeding for abiotic stress tolerance, grain yield and cooking/eating quality. to utilize such collections, however, breeders need information about the extent and distribution of genetic diversity present within colle ... | 2015 | 26067999 |
| population genetic structure of oryza sativa in east and southeast asia and the discovery of elite alleles for grain traits. | we investigated the nuclear simple sequence repeat (ssr) genotypes of 532 rice (oryza sativa l.) accessions collected from east and southeast asia and detected abundant genetic diversity within the population. we identified 6 subpopulations and found a tendency towards directional evolution in o. sativa from low to high latitudes, with levels of linkage disequilibrium (ld) in the 6 subpopulations ranging from 10 to 30 cm. we then investigated the phenotypic data for grain length, grain width, gr ... | 2015 | 26059752 |
| short-term effect of caffeine on purine, pyrimidine and pyridine metabolism in rice (oryza sativa) seedlings. | as part of our studies on the physiological and ecological function of caffeine, we investigated the effect of exogenously supplied caffeine on purine, pyrimidine and pyridine metabolism in rice seedlings. we examined the effect of 1 mm caffeine on the in situ metabolism of 14c-labelled adenine, guanine, inosine, uridine, uracil, nicotinamide and nicotinic acid. the segments of 4-day-old dark-grown seedlings were incubated with these labelled compounds for 6 h. for purines, the incorporation of ... | 2015 | 26058147 |
| effect of caffeine on the expression pattern of water-soluble proteins in rice (oryza sativa) seedlings. | it has been suggested that caffeine acts as an allelochemical which influences the germination and growth of plants. the effect of caffeine on the expression profiles of proteins was investigated in shoot-root axes of rice (oryza sativa) seedlings. two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight/time of flight mass spectrometry was employed for the separation and identification of proteins. the results indicated that amounts ... | 2015 | 26058146 |
| construction of regulatory networks mediated by small rnas responsive to abiotic stresses in rice (oryza sativa). | plants have evolved exquisite molecular mechanisms to adapt to diverse abiotic stresses. micrornas play an important role in stress response in plants. however, whether the other small rnas (srnas) possess stress-related roles remains elusive. in this study, thousands of srnas responsive to cold, drought and salt stresses were identified in rice seedlings and panicles by using high-throughput sequencing data. these srnas were classified into 12 categories, including "panicle_cold_down", "panicle ... | 2015 | 26057839 |
| variation in nrt1.1b contributes to nitrate-use divergence between rice subspecies. | asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) consists of two main subspecies, indica and japonica. indica has higher nitrate-absorption activity than japonica, but the molecular mechanisms underlying that activity remain elusive. here we show that variation in a nitrate-transporter gene, nrt1.1b (osnpf6.5), may contribute to this divergence in nitrate use. phylogenetic analysis revealed that nrt1.1b diverges between indica and japonica. nrt1.1b-indica variation was associated with enhanced nitrate up ... | 2015 | 26053497 |
| aba-induced ccch tandem zinc finger protein osc3h47 decreases aba sensitivity and promotes drought tolerance in oryza sativa. | water deficit causes multiple negative impacts on plants, such as reactive oxygen species (ros) accumulation, abscisic acid (aba) induction, stomatal closure, and decreased photosynthesis. here, we characterized osc3h47, which belongs to ccch zinc-finger families, as a drought-stress response gene. it can be strongly induced by nacl, peg, aba, and drought conditions. overexpression of osc3h47 significantly enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stresses in rice seedlings, which indicates that os ... | 2015 | 26047696 |
| rice potassium transporter oshak1 is essential for maintaining potassium-mediated growth and functions in salt tolerance over low and high potassium concentration ranges. | potassium (k) absorption and translocation in plants rely upon multiple k transporters for adapting varied k supply and saline conditions. here, we report the expression patterns and physiological roles of oshak1, a member belonging to the kt/kup/hak gene family in rice (oryza sativa l.). the expression of oshak1 is up-regulated by k deficiency or salt stress in various tissues, particularly in the root and shoot apical meristem, the epidermises and steles of root, and vascular bundles of shoot. ... | 2015 | 26046301 |
| salicylic acid modulates arsenic toxicity by reducing its root to shoot translocation in rice (oryza sativa l.). | arsenic (as) is posing serious health concerns in south east asia where rice, an efficient accumulator of as, is prominent crop. salicylic acid (sa) is an important signaling molecule and plays a crucial role in resistance against biotic and abiotic stress in plants. in present study, ameliorative effect of sa against arsenate (as(v)) toxicity has been investigated in rice (oryza sativa l.). arsenate stress hampered the plant growth in terms of root, shoots length, and biomass as well as it enha ... | 2015 | 26042132 |
| carmo: a comprehensive annotation platform for functional exploration of rice multi-omics data. | high-throughput technology is gradually becoming a powerful tool for routine research in rice. interpretation of biological significance from the huge amount of data is a critical but non-trivial task, especially for rice, for which gene annotations rely heavily on sequence similarity rather than direct experimental evidence. here we describe the annotation platform for comprehensive annotation of rice multi-omics data (carmo), which provides multiple web-based analysis tools for in-depth data m ... | 2015 | 26040787 |
| single base substitution in oscdc48 is responsible for premature senescence and death phenotype in rice. | a premature senescence and death 128 (psd128) mutant was isolated from an ethyl methane sulfonate-induced rice ir64 mutant bank. the premature senescence phenotype appeared at the six-leaf stage and the plant died at the early heading stage. psd128 exhibited impaired chloroplast development with significantly reduced photosynthetic ability, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, root vigor, soluble protein content and increased malonaldehyde content. furthermore, the expression of senescence-relat ... | 2016 | 26040493 |
| ethylene biosynthesis is promoted by very-long-chain fatty acids during lysigenous aerenchyma formation in rice roots. | in rice (oryza sativa) roots, lysigenous aerenchyma, which is created by programmed cell death and lysis of cortical cells, is constitutively formed under aerobic conditions, and its formation is further induced under oxygen-deficient conditions. ethylene is involved in the induction of aerenchyma formation. reduced culm number1 (rcn1) is a rice mutant in which the gene encoding the atp-binding cassette transporter rcn1/osabcg5 is defective. here, we report that the induction of aerenchyma forma ... | 2015 | 26036614 |
| physiological changes and shsps genes relative transcription in relation to the acquisition of seed germination during maturation of hybrid rice seed. | during the production of early hybrid rice seed, the seeds dehydrated slowly and retained high moisture levels when rainy weather lasted for a couple of days, and the rice seeds easily occurred pre-harvest sprouting (phs) along with high temperature. therefore it is necessary to harvest the seeds before the phs occurred. | 2016 | 26031390 |
| more than one way to evolve a weed: parallel evolution of us weedy rice through independent genetic mechanisms. | many different crop species were selected for a common suite of 'domestication traits', which facilitates their use for studies of parallel evolution. within domesticated rice (oryza sativa), there has also been independent evolution of weedy strains from different cultivated varieties. this makes it possible to examine the genetic basis of parallel weed evolution and the extent to which this process occurs through shared genetic mechanisms. we performed comparative qtl mapping of weediness trai ... | 2015 | 26031196 |
| [transformation and mobility of arsenic in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils at different growth stages of rice]. | speciation and bioavailability of arsenic in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils at different growth stages (tillering stage, jointing stage, booting stage, filling stage and maturing stage) of rice (oryza sativa l.) were studied using toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (tclp) and arsenic speciation analysis. pot experiments were conducted and the soil samples were taken from a certain paddy soil in hunan province contaminated by mining industry. the results showed that: (1) with t ... | 2015 | 26031100 |
| fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qstl3, a stigma length-conditioning locus in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the efficiency of hybrid seed production can be improved by increasing the percentage of exserted stigma, which is closely related to the stigma length in rice. in the chromosome segment substitute line (cssl) population derived from nipponbare (recipient) and kasalath (donor), a single cssl (sssl14) was found to show a longer stigma length than that of nipponbare. the difference in stigma length between nipponbare and sssl14 was controlled by one locus (qstl3). using 7,917 individuals from the ... | 2015 | 26030903 |
| influence of the nonexchangeable potassium of mica on radiocesium uptake by paddy rice. | a pot cultivation experiment was conducted to elucidate the influence of the nonexchangeable potassium (k) of mica on radiocesium ((137)cs) uptake by paddy rice (oryza sativa l. cv. koshihikari), and to evaluate the potential of mica application as a countermeasure to reduce radiocesium transfer from soil to paddy rice. the increase in the exchangeable k concentrations of soils, measured before planting, due to mica (muscovite, biotite, and phlogopite) application was negligible. however, in tri ... | 2015 | 26026983 |
| osiaa6, a member of the rice aux/iaa gene family, is involved in drought tolerance and tiller outgrowth. | auxin signaling is a fundamental part of many plant growth processes and stress responses and operates through aux/iaa protein degradation and the transmission of the signal via auxin response factors (arfs). a total of 31 aux/iaa genes have been identified in rice (oryza sativa), some of which are induced by drought stress. however, the mechanistic link between aux/iaa expression and drought responses is not well understood. in this study we found that the rice aux/iaa gene osiaa6 is highly ind ... | 2015 | 26025543 |
| the r2r3-type myb gene osmyb91 has a function in coordinating plant growth and salt stress tolerance in rice. | plants have evolved a number of different mechanisms to respond and to adapt to abiotic stress for their survival. however, the regulatory mechanisms involved in coordinating abiotic stress tolerance and plant growth are not fully understood. here, the function of osmyb91, an r2r3-type myb transcription factor of rice was explored. osmyb91 was induced by abiotic stress, especially by salt stress. analysis of chromatin structure of the gene revealed that salt stress led to rapid removal of dna me ... | 2015 | 26025528 |
| the rice rcn11 gene encodes β1,2-xylosyltransferase and is required for plant responses to abiotic stresses and phytohormones. | seed germination rates and plant development and growth under abiotic stress are important aspects of crop productivity. here, our characterization of the rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant reduced culm number11 (rcn11) showed that rcn11 controls growth of plants exposed to abnormal temperature, salinity and drought conditions. rcn11 also mediates root aerenchyma formation under oxygen-deficient conditions and aba sensitivity during seed germination. molecular studies showed that the rcn11 mutation r ... | 2015 | 26025522 |
| constitutive expression of dacbf7, an antarctic vascular plant deschampsia antarctica cbf homolog, resulted in improved cold tolerance in transgenic rice plants. | deschampsia antarctica is an antarctic hairgrass that grows on the west coast of the antarctic peninsula. in this report, we have identified and characterized a transcription factor, d. antarctica c-repeat binding factor 7 (dacbf7), that is a member of the monocot group v cbf homologs. the protein contains a single ap2 domain, a putative nuclear localization signal, and the typical cbf signature. dacbf7, like other monocot group v homologs, contains a distinct polypeptide stretch composed of 43 ... | 2015 | 26025521 |
| dwarf and tiller-enhancing 1 regulates growth and development by influencing boron uptake in boron limited conditions in rice. | boron (b) is essential for plant growth, and b deficiency causes severe losses in crop yield. here we isolated and characterized a rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant named dwarf and tiller-enhancing 1 (dte1), which exhibits defects under low-b conditions, including retarded growth, increased number of tillers and impaired pollen fertility. map-based cloning revealed that dte1 encodes a nod26-like intrinsic protein orthologous to known b channel proteins atnip5;1 in arabidopsis and tassel-less1 in mai ... | 2015 | 26025517 |
| the interaction between nitrogen availability and auxin, cytokinin, and strigolactone in the control of shoot branching in rice (oryza sativa l.). | nitrogen availability and cytokinin could promote shoot branching in rice, whereas auxin and strigolactone inhibited it. the interaction between nitrogen availability and the three hormones is discussed. rice shoot branching is strongly affected by nitrogen availability and the plant hormones auxin, cytokinin, and strigolactone; however, the interaction of them in the regulation of rice shoot branching remains a subject of debate. in the present study, nitrogen and the three hormones were used t ... | 2015 | 26024762 |
| rice osa-mir171c mediates phase change from vegetative to reproductive development and shoot apical meristem maintenance by repressing four osham transcription factors. | phase change from vegetative to reproductive development is one of the critical developmental steps in plants, and it is regulated by both environmental and endogenous factors. the maintenance of shoot apical meristem (sam) identity, mirnas and flowering integrators are involved in this phase change process. here, we report that the mirna osa-mir171c targets four gras (gai-rga-scr) plant-specific transcription factors (osham1, osham2, osham3, and osham4) to control the floral transition and main ... | 2015 | 26023934 |
| phytosiderophores revisited: 2'-deoxymugineic acid-mediated iron uptake triggers nitrogen assimilation in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | poaceae plants release phytosiderophores into the rhizosphere in order to chelate iron (fe), which often exists in insoluble forms especially under high ph conditions. the impact of phytosiderophore treatment at the physiological and molecular levels in vivo remains largely elusive, although the biosynthesis of phytosiderophores and the transport of phytosiderophore-metal complexes have been well studied. we recently showed that the application of 30 μm of the chemically synthesized phytosiderop ... | 2015 | 26023724 |
| phenotypic and genetic dissection of component traits for early vigour in rice using plant growth modelling, sugar content analyses and association mapping. | early vigour of rice, defined as seedling capacity to accumulate shoot dry weight (sdw) rapidly, is a complex trait. it depends on a genotype propensity to assimilate, store, and/or use non-structural carbohydrates (nsc) for producing large and/or numerous leaves, involving physiological trade-offs in the expression of component traits and, possibly, physiological and genetic linkages. this study explores a plant-model-assisted phenotyping approach to dissect the genetic architecture of rice ear ... | 2015 | 26022255 |
| changes in lipid substances in rice during grain development. | lipid substances, such as fatty acids, γ-oryzanol, policosanols, and tocol (tocopherol+tocotrienol), were investigated in two rice cultivars, ilpum and dasan, during rice development. in both cultivars, the lipid extract level decreased steadily after it reached its maximum level. additionally, there were differences in the fatty acid composition, depending on the rice developmental stage, between the two cultivars. the γ-oryzanol level increased during rice development, and there were differenc ... | 2015 | 26021733 |
| genetic shift in local rice populations during rice breeding programs in the northern limit of rice cultivation in the world. | the rapid accumulation of pre-existing mutations may play major roles in the establishment and shaping of adaptability for local regions in current rice breeding programs. the cultivated rice, oryza sativa l., which originated from tropical regions, is now grown worldwide due to the concerted efforts of breeding programs. however, the process of establishing local populations and their origins remain unclear. in the present study, we characterized dna polymorphisms in the rice variety kitaake fr ... | 2015 | 26021294 |
| synchrotron-based x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy imaging for laterally resolved speciation of selenium in fresh roots and leaves of wheat and rice. | knowledge of the distribution of selenium (se) species within plant tissues will assist in understanding the mechanisms of se uptake and translocation, but in situ analysis of fresh and highly hydrated plant tissues is challenging. using synchrotron-based fluorescence x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (xanes) imaging to provide laterally resolved data, the speciation of se in fresh roots and leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) supplied with 1 μm of either sele ... | 2015 | 26019258 |
| genome-wide identification and characterization of cystatin family genes in rice (oryza sativa l.). | 11 cystatin genes in rice were identified, and their expression patterns were comprehensively analyzed, which reveals multiple roles in both seed development and plant response to environmental variations. cystatin is a group of small proteins and known to inhibit the activities of cysteine proteases in the papain c1a and legumain c13 peptidase families in plants. cystatin family genes have only been well characterized recently in a few plant species such as hordeum vulgare and nicotiana tabacum ... | 2015 | 26007238 |
| a novel biological role for nsltp2 from oriza sativa: potential incorporation with anticancer agents, nucleosides and their analogues. | development of a protein-based drug delivery system has major impact on the efficacy and bioavailability of unstable and water insoluble drugs. in the present study, the binding modes of a nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsltp2) from oryza sativa with various nucleosides and analogous molecules were identified. the 3-d structure of the protein was designed and validated using modeler 9.13, molegro virtual docker and procheck tool, respectively. the binding affinity and strength of interactio ... | 2015 | 26001286 |
| functional architecture of two exclusively late stage pollen-specific promoters in rice (oryza sativa l.). | late stage pollen-specific promoters are important tools in crop molecular breeding. several such promoters, and their functional motifs, have been well characterized in dicotyledonous plants such as tomato and tobacco. however, knowledge about the functional architecture of such promoters is limited in the monocotyledonous plant rice. here, pollen-late-stage-promoter 1 (plp1) and pollen-late-stage-promoter 2 (plp2) were characterized using a stable transformation system in rice. histochemical s ... | 2015 | 25991036 |
| ostctp, encoding a translationally controlled tumor protein, plays an important role in mercury tolerance in rice. | mercury (hg) is not only a threat to public health but also a growth risk factor to plants, as it is readily accumulated by higher plants. accumulation of hg in plants disrupts many cellular-level functions and inhibits growth and development; however, the detoxification and tolerance mechanisms of plants to hg stress are still not fully understood. exposure to toxic hg also occurs in some crops cultivated under anoxic conditions, such as rice (oryza sativa l.), a model organism and one of the m ... | 2015 | 25990386 |
| an auxin responsive cle gene regulates shoot apical meristem development in arabidopsis. | plant hormone auxin regulates most, if not all aspects of plant growth and development, including lateral root formation, organ pattering, apical dominance, and tropisms. peptide hormones are peptides with hormone activities. some of the functions of peptide hormones in regulating plant growth and development are similar to that of auxin, however, the relationship between auxin and peptide hormones remains largely unknown. here we report the identification of oscle48, a rice (oryza sativa) cle ( ... | 2015 | 25983737 |
| identification and analysis of novel salt responsive candidate gene based ssrs (cgssrs) from rice (oryza sativa l.). | majority of the asian people depend on rice for nutritional energy. rice cultivation and yield are severely affected by soil salinity stress worldwide. marker assisted breeding is a rapid and efficient way to develop improved variety for salinity stress tolerance. genomic microsatellite markers are an elite group of markers, but there is possible uncertainty of linkage with the important genes. in contrast, there are better possibilities of linkage detection with important genes if ssrs are deve ... | 2015 | 25982586 |
| identification of qtls and possible candidate genes conferring sheath blight resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | sheath blight, caused by the pathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani kühn, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice. breeders have always faced challenges in acquiring reliable and absolute resistance to this disease in existing rice germplasm. in this context, 40 rice germplasm including eight wild, four landraces, twenty- six cultivated and two advanced breeding lines were screened utilizing the colonized bits of typha. except tetep and arc10531 which expressed moderate level of resistance ... | 2015 | 25977888 |
| characterization of a novel cyclase-like gene family involved in controlling stress tolerance in rice. | a novel cyclase-like gene family (cyl) encodes proteins containing cyclase domain, but their functions are largely unknown. we report the systematic identification and characterization of cyl genes in the rice genome. five putative cyl protein sequences (oscyl1 to 4b) were identified. these sequences and other cyl homologs were classified into four subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis. distinct diversification of these cyl proteins exists between plants and non-plants. the cyl family has con ... | 2015 | 25974367 |
| bioaccumulation and translocation of polyhalogenated compounds in rice (oryza sativa l.) planted in paddy soil collected from an electronic waste recycling site, south china. | the bioaccumulation and translocation of polyhalogenated compounds (phcs) in rice planted in the paddy soils of an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site were investigated, along with the effect of contaminated soils on rice growth. the phcs included polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), decabromodiphenyl ethane (dbdpe), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (btbpe), and dechlorane plus (dps). the morphological development and all measured physiological par ... | 2015 | 25974192 |
| photochemical properties in flag leaves of a super-high-yielding hybrid rice and a traditional hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.) probed by chlorophyll a fluorescence transient. | chlorophyll a fluorescence of flag leaves in a super-high-yielding hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.) lypj, and a traditional hybrid rice sy63 cultivar with lower grain yield, which were grown in the field, were investigated from emergence through senescence of flag leaves. as the flag leaf matured, there was an increasing trend in photosynthetic parameters such as quantum efficiency of primary photochemistry ([formula: see text] po) and efficiency of electron transport from ps ii to ps i (ψ eo). the ... | 2015 | 25972274 |
| a collection of cytochrome p450 monooxygenase genes involved in modification and detoxification of herbicide atrazine in rice (oryza sativa) plants. | plant cytochrome p450 monooxygenases constitute one of the largest families of protein genes involved in plant growth, development and acclimation to biotic and abiotic stresses. however, whether these genes respond to organic toxic compounds and their biological functions for detoxifying toxic compounds such as herbicides in rice are poorly understood. the present study identified 201 genes encoding cytochrome p450s from an atrazine-exposed rice transcriptome through high-throughput sequencing. ... | 2015 | 25968601 |
| establishment of a prediction model for the mirna-based heading date characteristics of rice in the booting stage. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. in taiwan, due to the warm climate, there are two harvests annually. however, the yield and quality of rice can vary between each crop season in any given year. previous reports have shown that micrornas (mirnas) play a crucial role in many developmental and physiological processes in plants. in this study, the heading date characteristics of 167 rice cultivars from the second crop season were recorded, and 27 rice cult ... | 2015 | 25966211 |
| effect of carbohydrates and night temperature on night respiration in rice. | global warming causes night temperature (nt) to increase faster than day temperature in the tropics. according to crop growth models, respiration incurs a loss of 40-60% of photosynthate. the thermal sensitivity of night respiration (r(n)) will thus reduce biomass. instantaneous and acclimated effects of nt on r(n) of leaves and seedlings of two rice cultivars having a variable level of carbohydrates, induced by exposure to different light intensity on the previous day, were investigated. experi ... | 2015 | 25954047 |
| genetic architecture of variation in heading date among asian rice accessions. | heading date, a crucial factor determining regional and seasonal adaptation in rice (oryza sativa l.), has been a major selection target in breeding programs. although considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular regulation of heading date in rice during last two decades, the previously isolated genes and identified quantitative trait loci (qtls) cannot fully explain the natural variation for heading date in diverse rice accessions. | 2015 | 25953146 |
| role of rice cytosolic hexokinase oshxk7 in sugar signaling and metabolism. | we characterized the function of the rice cytosolic hexokinase oshxk7 (oryza sativa hexokinase7), which is highly upregulated when seeds germinate under o2 -deficient conditions. according to transient expression assays that used the promoter:luciferase fusion construct, oshxk7 enhanced the glucose (glc)-dependent repression of a rice α-amylase gene (ramy3d) in the mesophyll protoplasts of maize, but its catalytically inactive mutant alleles did not. consistently, the expression of oshxk7, but n ... | 2016 | 25951042 |
| effect of iron plaque on antimony uptake by rice (oryza sativa l.). | although iron (fe) plaque has been shown to significantly affect the uptake of toxic antimony (sb) by rice, knowledge about the influence of iron plaque on antimony (sb) (amount, mechanisms, etc) is, however, limited. here, the effect of fe plaque on sb(iii) and sb(v) (nominal oxidation states) uptake by rice (oryza sativa l.) was investigated using hydroponic experiments and synchrotron-based techniques. the results showed that iron plaque immobilized sb on the surface of rice roots. although t ... | 2015 | 25947970 |
| rice (oryza sativa l) plantation affects the stability of biochar in paddy soil. | conversion of rice straw into biochar for soil amendment appears to be a promising method to increase long-term carbon sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions. the stability of biochar in paddy soil, which is the major determining factor of carbon sequestration effect, depends mainly on soil properties and plant functions. however, the influence of plants on biochar stability in paddy soil remains unclear. in this study, bulk and surface characteristics of the biochars incubated ... | 2015 | 25944542 |
| accumulation of long-lived mrnas associated with germination in embryos during seed development of rice. | mature dry seeds contain translatable mrnas called long-lived mrnas. early studies have shown that protein synthesis during the initial phase of seed germination occurs from long-lived mrnas, without de novo transcription. however, the gene expression systems that generate long-lived mrnas in seeds are not well understood. to examine the accumulation of long-lived mrnas in developing rice embryos, germination tests using the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin d (act d) were performed with the ... | 2015 | 25941326 |
| genomic distribution and possible functional roles of putative g-quadruplex motifs in two subspecies of oryza sativa. | g-quadruplex is a stable, four-stranded dna or rna structure formed from guanine-rich regions and implicated in telomere maintenance, replication, gene regulation at transcription level or translation level, etc. based on bioinformatics methods, we analyzed different putative g-quadruplex motifs (pgqms) patterns in various genomic regions of two subspecies (indica and japonica) of oryza sativa and the whole genomes of other 8 species. in total, in the 10 species we discussed, the pgqms densities ... | 2015 | 25935116 |
| transcriptome changes in rice (oryza sativa l.) in response to high night temperature stress at the early milky stage. | rice yield and quality are adversely affected by high temperatures, especially at night; high nighttime temperatures are more harmful to grain weight than high daytime temperatures. unfortunately, global temperatures are consistently increasing at an alarming rate and the minimum nighttime temperature has increased three times as much as the corresponding maximum daytime temperature over the past few decades. | 2015 | 25928563 |
| clustered primary branch 1, a new allele of dwarf11, controls panicle architecture and seed size in rice. | panicle architecture and seed size are important agronomic traits that directly determine grain yield in rice (oryza sativa l.). although a number of key genes controlling panicle architecture and seed size have been cloned and characterized in recent years, their genetic and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. in this study, we identified a mutant that produced panicles with fascicled primary branching and reduced seeds in size. we isolated the underlying clustered primary branch 1 (cpb1) gene ... | 2016 | 25923523 |
| ozone-induced rice grain yield loss is triggered via a change in panicle morphology that is controlled by aberrant panicle organization 1 gene. | rice grain yield is predicted to decrease in the future because of an increase in tropospheric ozone concentration. however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. here, we investigated the responses to ozone of two rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars, sasanishiki and habataki. sasanishiki showed ozone-induced leaf injury, but no grain yield loss. by contrast, habataki showed grain yield loss with minimal leaf injury. a qtl associated with grain yield loss caused by ozone was identified in sasanish ... | 2015 | 25923431 |
| whole genome sequencing of elite rice cultivars as a comprehensive information resource for marker assisted selection. | current advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics revealed the genomic background of rice, a staple food for the poor people, and provided the basis to develop large genomic variation databases for thousands of cultivars. proper analysis of this massive resource is expected to give novel insights into the structure, function, and evolution of the rice genome, and to aid the development of rice varieties through marker assisted selection or genomic selection. in this work we present ... | 2015 | 25923345 |
| the role of nodes in arsenic storage and distribution in rice. | knowledge of arsenic (as) accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) is important for minimizing as transfer to the food chain. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of rice nodes in as storage and distribution. synchrotron μx-ray fluorescence (μ-xrf) was used to map as distribution in the top node and internode of a lsi2 mutant defective in silicon/arsenite efflux carrier and its wild-type (wt) grown in soil. lsi2 expression in different tissues during grain filling was investigated by ... | 2015 | 25922485 |
| two linked genes on rice chromosome 2 for f1 pollen sterility in a hybrid between oryza sativa and o. glumaepatula. | hybrid incompatibility plays an important role in establishment of post-zygotic reproductive isolation. to unveil genetic basis of hybrid incompatibilities between diverged species of genus oryza aa genome species, we conducted genetic dissection of hybrid sterility loci, s22(t), which had been identified in backcross progeny derived from oryza sativa ssp. japonica (recurrent parent) and south american wild rice o. glumaepatula near the end of the short arm of chromosome 2. the s22(t) region was ... | 2014 | 25914585 |
| identification of a novel gene (apq1) from the indica rice cultivar 'habataki' that improves the quality of grains produced under high temperature stress. | the appearance of brown rice grown under high temperature conditions is an important characteristic for improvement in japanese rice breeding programs. we performed a qtl analysis of the appearance quality of brown rice using chromosome segment substitution lines of the indica cultivar 'habataki' in the 'koshihikari' genetic background. a line carrying a 'habataki' segment on chromosome 7 showed a high percentage of perfect grains produced under high temperature conditions during the ripening pe ... | 2014 | 25914581 |
| development of a sediment-contact test with rice for the assessment of sediment-bound pollutants. | despite the key role of higher plants in aquatic ecosystems as functional and structural elements, sediment-contact tests with macrophytes are still scarce. moreover, due to large differences in exposure routes for pollutants as well as in life cycles between the diverse taxa of macrophytes, sensitivities to pollutants vary between taxa. therefore, the development of new test systems with aquatic macrophytes, in general, is favorable. this study proposes a protocol for a sediment-contact test wi ... | 2015 | 25913308 |
| uptake kinetics of arsenic in upland rice cultivar zhonghan 221 inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) appear to be highly associated with arsenic (as) uptake in host plants because arsenate (as(v)) and phosphorus (p) share the same transporter, whereby amf can enhance p uptake. a short-term experiment was conducted for low- (0 to 0.05 mm as) and high-affinity (0 to 2.5 mm as) uptake systems, to investigate the amf role on as uptake mechanism in plants, which may explain as uptake kinetics in upland rice cultivar: zhonghan 221. when concentration of as ranged fr ... | 2015 | 25901895 |
| biochar amendment to lead-contaminated soil: effects on fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity and phytotoxicity to rice. | the amendment effects of biochar on total microbial activity was measured by fluorescein diacetate (fda) hydrolytic activity, and phytotoxicity in pb(ii)-contaminated soils was examined by the application of 4 different biochars to soil, with rice as a test plant. the fda hydrolytic activities of biochar-amended soils were much higher than that of the control. the survival rate of rice in lead-contaminated biochar-amended soils showed significant improvement over the control, especially for bamb ... | 2015 | 25900615 |
| varietal differences in the growth of rice seedlings exposed to perchlorate and their antioxidative defense mechanisms. | a hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate perchlorate (clo4 (-) ) phytotoxicity in different rice varieties. considerable variations were observed when 24 rice varieties were treated with clo4 (-) . the shoot height, root length, and biomass of most varieties were significantly reduced by clo4 (-) . the roots were more sensitive than the shoots. hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated primarily 4 groups: clo4 (-) -sensitive, medium clo4 (-) -sensitive, medium clo4 (-) tolerant, ... | 2015 | 25898795 |
| interactive effects of nitric oxide and glutathione in mitigating copper toxicity of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | nitric oxide (no) and glutathione (gsh) are 2 vital components of the antioxidant system that play diverse roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses. recently, we have reported that exogenous supply of both these molecules reduced copper (cu) toxicity in rice seedlings. individual as well as co-treatment of sodium nitroprusside (snp: a no donor) and gsh with cu significantly mitigated the adverse effects of cu, evident in the reduced level of oxidative markers such as h2o2, superoxide (o2(·-) ... | 2015 | 25897471 |
| oskasi, a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase i, is involved in root development in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the involvement of oskasi in fa synthesis is found to play a critical role in root development of rice. the root system plays important roles in plant nutrient and water acquisition. however, mechanisms of root development and molecular regulation in rice are still poorly understood. here, we characterized a rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant with shortened roots due to a defect in cell elongation. map-based cloning revealed that the mutation occurred in a putative 3-oxoacyl-synthase, an ortholog of ... | 2015 | 25893869 |
| a strigolactone signal is required for adventitious root formation in rice. | strigolactones (sls) and their derivatives are plant hormones that have recently been identified as regulating root development. this study examines whether sls play a role in mediating production of adventious roots (ars) in rice (oryza sativa), and also investigates possible interactions between sls and auxin. | 2015 | 25888593 |
| aba inducible rice protein phosphatase 2c confers aba insensitivity and abiotic stress tolerance in arabidopsis. | arabidopsis pp2c belonging to group a have been extensively worked out and known to negatively regulate aba signaling. however, rice (oryza sativa) orthologs of arabidopsis group a pp2c are scarcely characterized functionally. we have identified a group a pp2c from rice (ospp108), which is highly inducible under aba, salt and drought stresses and localized predominantly in the nucleus. genetic analysis revealed that arabidopsis plants overexpressing ospp108 are highly insensitive to aba and tole ... | 2015 | 25886365 |
| change in soil organic carbon between 1981 and 2011 in croplands of heilongjiang province, northeast china. | soil organic carbon (soc) is fundamental for mitigating climate change as well as improving soil fertility. databases of soc obtained from soil surveys in 1981 and 2011 were used to assess soc change (0-20 cm) in croplands of heilongjiang province in northeast china. three counties (lindian, hailun and baoqing) were selected as typical croplands representing major soil types and land use types in the region. | 2016 | 25885969 |
| endophytic infection alleviates pb(2+) stress effects on photosystem ii functioning of oryza sativa leaves. | the aims of this study were to examine the effect of pb(2+) stress on the primary reaction of photosynthesis and to assess the potential benefits of endophytic infection on the pb(2+) tolerance of rice seedlings. rice inoculated with an endophytic fungus (e+) and non-inoculated (e-) were subjected to 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μm pb(2+). the responses to pb(2+) stress were characterized by the analysis of chl a fluorescence. a comparison of e- with e+ rice seedlings, as evaluated by their performan ... | 2015 | 25885166 |
| aquaporins in developing rice grains. | during rice grain filling, grain moisture content and weight show dynamic changes. we focused on the expression of all 33 rice aquaporins in developing grains. only two aquaporin genes, ospip2;1 and ostip3;1, were highly expressed in the period 10-25 days after heading (dah). high-temperature treatment from 7 to 21 dah abolished the dynamic up-regulation of ospip2;1 in the period 15-20 dah, whereas ostip3;1 expression was not affected. immunohistochemical analysis revealed that ospip2;1 was pres ... | 2015 | 25884499 |
| rice tissue-specific promoters and condition-dependent promoters for effective translational application. | rice (oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple food crops for more than half of the world's population. the demand is increasing for food security because of population growth and environmental challenges triggered by climate changes. this scenario has led to more interest in developing crops with greater productivity and sustainability. the process of genetic transformation, a major tool for crop improvement, utilizes promoters as one of its key elements. those promoters are generally ... | 2015 | 25882130 |
| variation and impact of drought-stress patterns across upland rice target population of environments in brazil. | the upland rice (ur) cropped area in brazil has decreased in the last decade. importantly, a portion of this decrease can be attributed to the current ur breeding programme strategy, according to which direct grain yield selection is targeted primarily to the most favourable areas. new strategies for more-efficient crop breeding under non-optimal conditions are needed for brazil's ur regions. such strategies should include a classification of spatio-temporal yield variations in environmental gro ... | 2015 | 25873681 |
| increased tolerance to salt stress in opda-deficient rice allene oxide cyclase mutants is linked to an increased ros-scavenging activity. | salinity stress represents a global constraint for rice, the most important staple food worldwide. therefore the role of the central stress signal jasmonate for the salt response was analysed in rice comparing the responses to salt stress for two jasmonic acid (ja) biosynthesis rice mutants (cpm2 and hebiba) impaired in the function of allene oxide cyclase (aoc) and their wild type. the aoc mutants were less sensitive to salt stress. interestingly, both mutants accumulated smaller amounts of na( ... | 2015 | 25873666 |
| impact of industrial effluent on growth and yield of rice (oryza sativa l.) in silty clay loam soil. | degradation of soil and water from discharge of untreated industrial effluent is alarming in bangladesh. therefore, buildup of heavy metals in soil from contaminated effluent, their entry into the food chain and effects on rice yield were quantified in a pot experiment. the treatments were comprised of 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% industrial effluents applied as irrigation water. effluents, initial soil, different parts of rice plants and post-harvest pot soil were analyzed for various elements, in ... | 2015 | 25872732 |
| natural organic matter-induced alleviation of the phytotoxicity to rice (oryza sativa l.) caused by copper oxide nanoparticles. | natural organic matter (nom) can interact with engineered nanoparticles (nps) in the environment and modify their behavior and toxicity to organisms. in the present study, the phytotoxicity of copper oxide (cuo) nps to rice seedlings in the presence of humic acid as a model nom was investigated. the results showed that cuo nps induced the inhibition of root elongation, aberrations in root morphology and ultrastructure, and losses of cell viability and membrane integrity. the adverse effects part ... | 2015 | 25868010 |
| evaluation of reference genes for rt-qpcr studies in the leaves of rice seedlings under salt stress. | to obtain accurate and reliable results for the expression of genes of interest using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) techniques, it is necessary to normalize the data by comparing them to constitutive genes that exhibit uniform expression levels under experimental conditions. in this study, the stability of expression was evaluated for the following ten candidate reference genes in rice leaves (oryza sativa l.) from the brs bojuru and brs ligeirinho genotypes that wer ... | 2015 | 25867385 |
| active site cleft mutants of os9bglu31 transglucosidase modify acceptor substrate specificity and allow production of multiple kaempferol glycosides. | rice os9bglu31 is a transglucosidase that can transfer glucose to phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phytohormones. os9bglu31 displays a broad specificity with phenolic 1-o-β-d-glucose esters acting as better glucose donors than glucosides, whereas the free phenolic acids of these esters are also excellent acceptor substrates. | 2015 | 25863286 |
| effect of different germination conditions on antioxidative properties and bioactive compounds of germinated brown rice. | this study investigates antioxidative activity and bioactive compounds of ungerminated brown rice (ubr) and germinated brown rice (gbr). we used two rice cultivars (oryza sativa l.), taiwan japonica 9 (tj-9) and taichung indica 10 (tci-10), as the materials in our experiments. the conditions for inducing germination are soaking time in water 24, 48, or 72 h; temperature 26 or 36°c; incubation in light or darkness; and open or closed vessels, in which the antioxidative activities and bioactive co ... | 2015 | 25861637 |
| morf-related gene702, a reader protein of trimethylated histone h3 lysine 4 and histone h3 lysine 36, is involved in brassinosteroid-regulated growth and flowering time control in rice. | the methylation of histone h3 lysine 36 (h3k36) plays critical roles in brassinosteroid (br)-related processes and is involved in controlling flowering time in rice (oryza sativa). although enzymes that catalyze this methylation reaction have been described, little is known about the recognition mechanisms to decipher h3k36 methylation information in rice. in this study, biochemical characterizations showed that morf-related gene702 (mrg702) binds to trimethylated h3k4 and h3k36 (h3k4me3 and h3k ... | 2015 | 25855537 |
| microrna399 is involved in multiple nutrient starvation responses in rice. | the increasing evidences have revealed that micrornas (mirnas) play significant role in nutrient stress response. previously, mir399 was documented to be induced by phosphorus (p) starvation and involved in regulating p starvation responses. to further investigate the function of mir399 in rice (oryza sativa l.), we performed genechip analysis with osmir399 over-expressing plants. interestingly, our results showed that, besides p starvation responsive genes, the expression of a number of genes i ... | 2015 | 25852730 |
| genetic analysis of fertility restoration under cgms system in rice (oryza sativa l.) using three-way test-cross method. | we studied the genetics of fertility restoration by producing three-way test cross (twtc) hybrids involved different combinations of restorers, maintainers and partial restorers of rice. pollen and spikelet fertility of 16 twtc hybrids were studied. six twtc involving restorer/restorer combinations as male parents produced progenies with fertility levels ranging from complete to zero. no specific ratio of segregation was observed. the crosses involving maintainer/maintainer combinations as male ... | 2015 | 25846872 |
| abiotic stress and genome dynamics: specific genes and transposable elements response to iron excess in rice. | iron toxicity is a root related abiotic stress, occurring frequently in flooded soils. it can affect the yield of rice in lowland production systems. this toxicity is associated with high concentrations of reduced iron (fe(2+)) in the soil solution. although the first interface of the element is in the roots, the consequences of an excessive uptake can be observed in several rice tissues. in an original attempt to find both genes and transposable elements involved in the response to an iron toxi ... | 2015 | 25844118 |
| multiple tissue-specific expression of rice seed-shattering gene sh4 regulated by its promoter psh4. | rice seed shattering is an important domestication syndrome encoded by a gene named as sh4. the coding region of sh4 has been well studied regarding its function and roles in evolution. however, its promoter has not been identified, which limited our understanding of the detailed regulatory mechanisms of this gene. it is therefore critical to characterize the promoter and study its expression pattern. | 2015 | 25844117 |
| ethylene responses in rice roots and coleoptiles are differentially regulated by a carotenoid isomerase-mediated abscisic acid pathway. | ethylene and abscisic acid (aba) act synergistically or antagonistically to regulate plant growth and development. aba is derived from the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. here, we analyzed the interplay among ethylene, carotenoid biogenesis, and aba in rice (oryza sativa) using the rice ethylene response mutant mhz5, which displays a reduced ethylene response in roots but an enhanced ethylene response in coleoptiles. we found that mhz5 encodes a carotenoid isomerase and that the mutation in mhz ... | 2015 | 25841037 |
| characterization and immunomodulatory activity of rice hull polysaccharides. | rice hulls (oryza sativa) are high in carbohydrate content and have been utilized as dietary fiber. the immunomodulatory bioactivity of rice hull polysaccharides (rhps) has rarely been reported. this study demonstrated the structural characteristics and immunomodulating of rhps. the rhps were fractioned using deae-650m column, producing one neutral and 3 acidic polysaccharide fractions. rhps were examined using hpaec-pad, hp-sec, nmr and gc-ms for structural characteristics. the results showed t ... | 2015 | 25839805 |
| metabolic and transcriptomic signatures of rice floral organs reveal sugar starvation as a factor in reproductive failure under heat and drought stress. | heat and drought stress are projected to become major challenges to sustain rice (oryza sativa l.) yields with global climate change. both stresses lead to yield losses when they coincide with flowering. a significant knowledge gap exists in the mechanistic understanding of the responses of rice floral organs that determine reproductive success under stress. our work connects the metabolomic and transcriptomic changes in anthers, pistils before pollination and pollinated pistils in a heat-tolera ... | 2015 | 25828772 |
| transcriptome shock in an interspecific f1 triploid hybrid of oryza revealed by rna sequencing. | interspecific hybridization is a driving force in evolution and speciation of higher plants. interspecific hybridization often induces immediate and saltational changes in gene expression, a phenomenon collectively termed "transcriptome shock". although transcriptome shock has been reported in various plant and animal taxa, the extent and pattern of shock-induced expression changes are often highly idiosyncratic, and hence entails additional investigations. here, we produced a set of interspecif ... | 2016 | 25828709 |
| recent advances in arsenic bioavailability, transport, and speciation in rice. | widespread arsenic (as) contamination in paddy rice (oryza sativa) from both geologic and anthropogenic origins is an increasing concern globally. substantial efforts have been made to elucidate as transformation and uptake processes in rhizosphere and metabolism in rice plant, which provides an essential foundation for the development of mitigation strategies. however, a range of crucial mechanisms from as mobilization in rhizosphere to transport to grains remain poorly understood. to provide n ... | 2015 | 25827791 |
| [immobilization remediation of cd and pb contaminated soil: remediation potential and soil environmental quality]. | a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the immobilization remediation effects of sepiolite on soils artificially combined contamination by cd and pb using a set of various ph and speciation of cd and pb in soil, heavy metal concentration in oryza sativa l., and soil enzyme activity and microbial quantity. results showed that the addition of sepiolite increased the soil ph, and the exchangeable fraction of heavy metals was converted into fe-mn oxide, organic and residual forms, the concent ... | 2014 | 25826946 |
| genomic prediction of biological shape: elliptic fourier analysis and kernel partial least squares (pls) regression applied to grain shape prediction in rice (oryza sativa l.). | shape is an important morphological characteristic both in animals and plants. in the present study, we examined a method for predicting biological contour shapes based on genome-wide marker polymorphisms. the method is expected to contribute to the acceleration of genetic improvement of biological shape via genomic selection. grain shape variation observed in rice (oryza sativa l.) germplasms was delineated using elliptic fourier descriptors (efds), and was predicted based on genome-wide single ... | 2015 | 25825876 |
| estimating annual soil carbon loss in agricultural peatland soils using a nitrogen budget approach. | around the world, peatland degradation and soil subsidence is occurring where these soils have been converted to agriculture. since initial drainage in the mid-1800s, continuous farming of such soils in the california sacramento-san joaquin delta (the delta) has led to subsidence of up to 8 meters in places, primarily due to soil organic matter (som) oxidation and physical compaction. rice (oryza sativa) production has been proposed as an alternative cropping system to limit som oxidation. preli ... | 2015 | 25822494 |
| total and inorganic arsenic in iranian rice. | it is well known that arsenic (as) exposure, particularly to inorganic species (i-as), has adverse effects on humans. nowadays, the european union (eu) has still not regulated the maximum residue limit of as in commercial samples of rice and rice-based products, although it is actively working on the topic. the european food safety authority (efsa) is collecting data on total arsenic (t-as) and i-as from different rice-producing regions not only from eu countries but also from other parts of the ... | 2015 | 25817563 |
| spikelet-specific variation in ethylene production and constitutive expression of ethylene receptors and signal transducers during grain filling of compact- and lax-panicle rice (oryza sativa) cultivars. | grain yields in modern super rice cultivars do not always meet the expectations because many spikelets are located on secondary branches in closely packed homogeneous distribution in these plants, and they do not fill properly. the factors limiting grain filling of such spikelets, especially in the lower panicle branches, are elusive. two long-duration rice cultivars differing in panicle density, mahalaxmi (compact) and upahar (lax), were cultivated in an open field plot. grain filling, ethylene ... | 2015 | 25817414 |
| ricenet v2: an improved network prioritization server for rice genes. | rice is the most important staple food crop and a model grass for studies of bioenergy crops. we previously published a genome-scale functional network server called ricenet, constructed by integrating diverse genomics data and demonstrated the use of the network in genetic dissection of rice biotic stress responses and its usefulness for other grass species. since the initial construction of the network, there has been a significant increase in the amount of publicly available rice genomics dat ... | 2015 | 25813048 |