| a sign of superspreading in tuberculosis: highly skewed distribution of genotypic cluster sizes. | molecular typing is a valuable tool for gaining insight into spread of mycobacterium tuberculosis. typing allows for clustering of cases whose isolates share an identical genotype, revealing epidemiologic relatedness. observed distributions of genotypic cluster sizes of tuberculosis (tb) are highly skewed. a possible explanation for this skewness is the concept of "superspreading": a high heterogeneity in the number of secondary cases caused per infectious individual. superspreading has been pre ... | 2013 | 23446314 |
| functional, biochemical and 3d studies of mycobacterium tuberculosis protein peptides for an effective anti-tuberculosis vaccine. | tuberculosis (tb) is an air-born, transmissible disease, having an estimated 9.4 million new tb cases worldwide in 2009. eventual control of this disease by developing a safe and efficient new vaccine able to detain its spread will have an enormous impact on public health policy. selecting potential antigens to be included in a multi-epitope, minimal subunit-based, chemically-synthesized vaccine containing the minimum sequences needed for blocking mycobacterial interaction with host cells is a c ... | 2014 | 23445450 |
| daily contact with a patient and poor housing affordability as determinants of pulmonary tuberculosis in urban pakistan. | this study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) among individuals aged 15years or more in urban karachi, pakistan. | 2013 | 26785787 |
| utility and diagnostic performance of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by two immunochromatographic assays as compared with the molecular genotype assay in nigeria. | among the disadvantages of smear microscopy for detection of tuberculosis cases is its inability to differentiate between mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm). this study evaluated two, new immunochromatographic assays - capilia tb-neo and sd bioline - on unheated and heated cultures at 80°c for 30min respectively for their ability to discriminate between mtb complex and ntm as compared with the molecular genotype assay. mycobacteria used in the study were obta ... | 2013 | 26785786 |
| optimization of the conventional minimum inhibitory concentration method for drug susceptibility testing of ethionamide. | evaluation of newer methods and optimization of existing methods for the susceptibility testing of second-line drugs, especially ethionamide, are essential when treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) is warranted. the ideal method must clearly demarcate sensitive from resistant strains. hence, optimization of the conventional minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) method was attempted using diluted inoculum. the optimized mic method was evaluated using 206 mycobacterium tuberculo ... | 2013 | 26785785 |
| vitamin d enhances il-1β secretion and restricts growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages from tb patients. | the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (tb), has rekindled the interest in the role of nutritional supplementation of micronutrients, such as vitamin d, as adjuvant treatment. here, the growth of virulent mtb in macrophages obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with and without tb was studied. the h37rv strain genetically modified to express vibrio harveyi luciferase was used to determine the growth of ... | 2013 | 26785783 |
| inconsistencies in drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis: current riddles and recommendations. | drug susceptibility testing (dst) of mycobacterium tuberculosis is a crucial procedure to determine the effective drug regimen for patients' treatment. reporting of erroneous dst results to the treating physician has adulterous effects on patients. as a first study of its type, the inconsistencies in reporting dst results of rifampicin and isoniazid from saudi arabia were assessed. an automated liquid culture-based dst and a molecular mutation detection technique were used. performance of first- ... | 2013 | 26785782 |
| comparison of culture, real-time dna amplification assay and ehrlich-ziehl-neelsen for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is still a substantial health problem universally. although culture is the gold standard method, reliable, rapid and new methods are required for effective struggle with disease. we retrospectively compared the results of ehrlich-ziehl-neelsen (ezn) stain and real-time dna amplification assay (bd probetec et system) with culture. | 2013 | 25207061 |
| [role of toll-like receptor 2/4-nuclear factor-κb signaling pathway in invasion of mycobacterium tuberculosis to mouse dendritic cells]. | to investigate the mechanism of mycobacterium tuberculosis invasion to mouse dendritic cells (dc). | 2014 | 24782378 |
| pulmonary tuberculosis outbreak in a pediatric population. | community-based outbreaks of mycobacterium tuberculosis are uncommon in the united states but represent a dramatic type of epidemic that can lead to considerable investigations. most of our knowledge regarding spread of tuberculosis (tb) has accumulated from the study of outbreaks. we describe the most recent outbreak of tb in genesee county, michigan. in february 2007, isoniazid-sensitive infectious pulmonary tb was identified in a 45-year-old african american grandmother who frequently provide ... | 2013 | 23444268 |
| [comparison of clinical characteristics between rifampin-dependent and rifampin- resistant patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. | to compare the clinical characteristics of rifampin-dependent (r-dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis) and rifampin-resistant (r-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis) patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. | 2013 | 23443791 |
| targeting multidrug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis htra2 with identical chemical entities of fluoroquinolones. | tuberculosis is a highly communicable and chronic respiratory disease caused by pathogenic bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis. the drug - resistant species of mycobacterium tuberculosis are tough to cure due to its resistant activity toward potential drugs. available inhibitors of tuberculosis include few antimicrobial fluoroquinolone agents like ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and moxifloxacin to treat resistant mycobacterium strains. literature study elucidates that macromolecular target namely, h ... | 2012 | 23440996 |
| rapid identification and drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis: standard operating procedure for non-commercial assays: part 3: colorimetric redox indicator assay v1.3.12. | the previous two standard operating procedures (sops) related to the culture and drug susceptibility testing (dst) of mycobacterium tuberculosis with the microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay (part 1) and nitrate reductase assay (part 2). the present sop is devoted to a third non-commercial culture and dst method known as colorimetric redox indicator assay (cri). as its name indicates, the cri detects the ability of the m. tuberculosis to reduce the colored oxidation-reduction indica ... | 2012 | 23440615 |
| novel 1-(4-substituted benzylidene)-4-(1-(substituted methyl)-2,3-dioxoindolin-5-yl)semicarbazide derivatives for use against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv (atcc 27294) and mdr-tb strain. | a series of eighteen new 1-(4-substituted benzylidene)-4-(1-(substituted methyl)-2,3-dioxoindolin-5-yl)semicarbazide derivatives were designed, synthesized and characterized by spectral and elemental analyses. the derivatives were screened in vitro for antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv (atcc 27294) and mdr-tb strains. the activity was expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration in μg/ml. among the tested compounds 7j, 7m, 7o and 7q possesses equipotent activit ... | 2013 | 23440582 |
| rapid identification and drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis: standard operating procedure for non-commercial assays: part 2: nitrate reductase assay v1.3.12. | in the previous part, we presented the standard operating procedure (sop) of the microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay drug susceptibility testing (dst) for mycobacterium tuberculosis. the present sop is devoted to another non-commercial culture and dst method known as nitrate reductase assay (nra). as the name implies, the nra detects the ability of m. tuberculosis to reduce nitrate to nitrite. in the assay, the presence of nitrite is detected by the addition of p-nitrobenzoate into ... | 2012 | 23440455 |
| rapid identification and drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis: standard operating procedure for non-commercial assays: part 1: microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay v2.4.12. | multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is an increasing public health concern in many parts of the world, especially in low-income countries, where most cases occur. traditional mycobacteria culture and drug susceptibility testing (dst) is either time-consuming or expensive and for that reason uptake of these technologies has remained limited in many resource-constrained settings. however, several non-commercial culture and dst methods that do not require sophisticated infrastructure and techniques ha ... | 2012 | 23440310 |
| evolutionary robust snps reveal the misclassification of mycobacterium tuberculosis beijing family strains into sublineages. | genotypic classification in mycobacterium tuberculosis has greatly contributed to the comprehension of phylogenetic and population genetic relationships. it is, therefore, necessary to verify the robustness of the genetic markers for phylogenetic classification. in this study, we report some examples of homoplasy for two molecular markers, the is6110 insertion at the ntf region, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) at locus 909166, through genotyping of 1054 beijing family strains. our dat ... | 2013 | 23438651 |
| [cxcl10/ip-10 as a new biomarker for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection]. | in low prevalence countries, where identification and treatment of latent tb infection (ltbi) are basis of national programmes against tuberculosis, the diagnosis is focused mainly on tuberculin skin test (tst) and interferon gamma release assay (igra), both of which seem to be imperfect. this is why searches for a new, more specific biomarker for tb infection have been conducted. a promising candidate for the new marker is interferon gamma induced protein (ip-10). ip-10 is a chemokine, which ca ... | 2012 | 23437705 |
| comparative genomic analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistant strains from russia. | tuberculosis caused by multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) strains is a growing problem in many countries. the availability of the complete nucleotide sequences of several mtb genomes allows to use the comparative genomics as a tool to study the relationships of strains and differences in their evolutionary history including acquisition of drug-resistance. in our work, we sequenced three genomes of russian mtb strains of different pheno ... | 2013 | 23437175 |
| bayesian approach to model cd137 signaling in human m. tuberculosis in vitro responses. | immune responses are qualitatively and quantitatively influenced by a complex network of receptor-ligand interactions. among them, the cd137:cd137l pathway is known to modulate innate and adaptive human responses against mycobacterium tuberculosis. however, the underlying mechanisms of this regulation remain unclear. in this work, we developed a bayesian computational model (bcm) of in vitro cd137 signaling, devised to fit previously gathered experimental data. the bcm is fed with the data and t ... | 2013 | 23437083 |
| intracellular bacillary burden reflects a burst size for mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo. | we previously reported that mycobacterium tuberculosis triggers macrophage necrosis in vitro at a threshold intracellular load of ~25 bacilli. this suggests a model for tuberculosis where bacilli invading lung macrophages at low multiplicity of infection proliferate to burst size and spread to naïve phagocytes for repeated cycles of replication and cytolysis. the current study evaluated that model in vivo, an environment significantly more complex than in vitro culture. in the lungs of mice infe ... | 2013 | 23436998 |
| lack of mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific interleukin-17a-producing cd4+ t cells in active disease. | protective immunity to mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is commonly ascribed to a th1 profile; however, the involvement of th17 cells remains to be clarified. here, we characterized mtb-specific cd4(+) t cells in blood and bronchoalveolar lavages (bals) from untreated subjects with either active tuberculosis disease (tb) or latent mtb infection (ltbi), considered as prototypic models of uncontrolled or controlled infection, respectively. the production of il-17a, ifn-γ, tnf-α, and il-2 by mtb-sp ... | 2013 | 23436562 |
| characterizing virulence-specific perturbations in the mitochondrial function of macrophages infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | to probe how the pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis controls host cellular death pathways, we compared mitochondrial responses in human macrophages infected either with the avirulent mycobacterial strain h37ra, or its virulent counterpart h37rv. following h37ra infection, induction of the apoptotic response was foreshadowed by the early suppression of stress-induced mitochondrial activity. in contrast, mitochondria in h37rv-infected cells displayed robust activity with increased membrane potent ... | 2013 | 23435464 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution syndrome in solid-organ transplant recipients. | incidence, characteristics, and risk factors for tuberculosis (tb)-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (irs) in solid-organ transplant (sot) recipients are not known. | 2013 | 23435454 |
| biochemical characterization of an s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methyltransferase (rv0469) of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculostearic acid (l0-methylstearic acid, tsa) is a major constituent of mycobacterial membrane phospholipids, and its biosynthesis involves the direct methylation of oleic acid esterified as a component of phospholipids. the methyltransferases of mycobacteria were long proposed to be involved in the synthesis of methyl-branched short-chain fatty acids, but direct experimental evidence is still lacking. in this study, we identified the methyltransferase encoded by umaa in mycobacterium tuber ... | 2013 | 23435098 |
| anti-mycobacterial activity of marine fungus-derived 4-deoxybostrycin and nigrosporin. | 4-deoxybostrycin is a natural anthraquinone compound isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus nigrospora sp. collected from the south china sea. nigrosporin is the deoxy-derivative of 4-deoxybostrycin. they were tested against mycobacteria, especially mycobacterium tuberculosis. in the kirby-bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test, they both had inhibition zone sizes of over 25 mm. the results of the absolute concentration susceptibility test suggested that they had inhibitory effects again ... | 2013 | 23434859 |
| 6-oxo and 6-thio purine analogs as antimycobacterial agents. | 6-oxo and 6-thio analogs of purine were prepared based on the initial activity screening of a small, diverse purine library against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). certain 6-oxo and 6-thio-substituted purine analogs described herein showed moderate to good inhibitory activity. n(9)-substitution apparently enhances the anti-mycobacterial activity in the purine series described herein. several 2-amino and 2-chloro purine analogs were also synthesized that showed moderate inhibitory activity agai ... | 2013 | 23434367 |
| extensive nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis in a low-incidence country. | this paper describes a nosocomial outbreak of tuberculosis in a hospital ward where the number of cases with active tuberculosis among contacts was unexpectedly high. the outbreak was not revealed until the mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping results from the first two secondary tuberculosis cases were available. | 2013 | 23433580 |
| contact investigations for outbreaks of mycobacterium tuberculosis: advances through whole genome sequencing. | the control of tuberculosis depends on the identification and treatment of infectious patients and their contacts, who are currently identified through a combined approach of genotyping and epidemiological investigation. however, epidemiological data are often challenging to obtain, and genotyping data are difficult to interpret without them. whole genome sequencing (wgs) technology is increasingly affordable, and offers the prospect of identifying plausible transmission events between patients ... | 2013 | 23432709 |
| zn(ii) stimulation of fe(ii)-activated repression in the iron-dependent repressor from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | thermodynamic measurements of fe(ii) binding and activation of repressor function in the iron-dependent repressor from mycobacterium tuberculosis (ider) are reported. ider, a member of the diphtheria toxin repressor family of proteins, regulates iron homeostasis and contributes to the virulence response in m. tuberculosis. although iron is the physiological ligand, this is the first detailed analysis of iron binding and activation in this protein. the results showed that ider binds 2 equiv of fe ... | 2013 | 23432191 |
| successful embolization of the peripheral branches of the superior mesenteric artery performed because of tuberculosis-associated acute bleeding in a patient after a renal transplant. | we report a renal transplant recipient infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis who presented with severe intestinal bleeding. the bleeding was the result of an injured vessel of mesenteric artery distal branches diagnosed by traditional arteriography and computed tomography angiography. as the patient's condition was serious, the only considered rescue therapy was endovascular treatment. the endovascular procedure was successful because the bleeding stopped. embolization of a small intestinal a ... | 2013 | 23431994 |
| genetic polymorphisms among mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in northern india. | restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) based on is6110 is considered the gold standard for mycobacterium tuberculosis molecular typing. it is useful to discriminate among m. tuberculosis strains, investigate outbreaks and distinguish between reactivation and re-infection. we studied polymorphisms among m. tuberculosis isolates from northern india using rflp to determine the presence of a correlation between is6110 based fingerprints and drug resistance and to look for relapse and transm ... | 2012 | 23431822 |
| discovery of a siderophore export system essential for virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | iron is an essential nutrient for most bacterial pathogens, but is restricted by the host immune system. mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) utilizes two classes of small molecules, mycobactins and carboxymycobactins, to capture iron from the human host. here, we show that an mtb mutant lacking the mmps4 and mmps5 genes did not grow under low iron conditions. a cytoplasmic iron reporter indicated that the double mutant experienced iron starvation even under high-iron conditions. loss of mmps4 and m ... | 2013 | 23431276 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis septic shock. | septic shock due to mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is an uncommon but well-recognized clinical syndrome. the objective of this study was to describe the unique clinical characteristics, epidemiologic risk factors, and covariates of survival of patients with mtb septic shock in comparison with other bacterial septic shock. | 2013 | 23429859 |
| mycothiol: a target for potentiation of rifampin and other antibiotics against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | actinomycetes, including mycobacterium species, are gram-positive bacteria that use the small molecule mycothiol (msh) as their primary reducing agent and in the detoxification of xenobiotics. due to these important functions, msh is a potential target for the development of antibiotics for the treatment of tuberculosis. this review summarizes the progress to date on the viability of enzymes involved in msh biosynthesis and msh-dependent detoxification as drug targets, biochemical characterizati ... | 2013 | 23428102 |
| magnetic bead protocol for culturing mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum specimens. | a magnetic bead protocol and a standard centrifugation protocol yielded mycobacterium tuberculosis in 40/50 sputum specimens in 12 ± 1 days and 11 ± 2 days, respectively (p > 0.05 by student's t test). manipulation took 35 ± 5 min and 45 ± 10 min, respectively (p < 0.05). the magnetic bead protocol could advantageously replace centrifugation for culturing m. tuberculosis from sputum. | 2013 | 23426921 |
| the role of 3-ketosteroid 1(2)-dehydrogenase in the pathogenicity of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | a growing body of evidence suggests that mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) uses the host's cholesterol as a source of carbon and energy during infection. strains defective in cholesterol transport or degradation exhibit attenuated growth in activated macrophages and diminished infectivity in animal models. the aim of this study was to evaluate intracellular replication of a cholesterol degradation-deficient mtb mutant in human macrophages (mø) in vitro and assess the functional responses of mtb m ... | 2013 | 23425360 |
| biochemical characterization of uracil phosphoribosyltransferase from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (uprt) catalyzes the conversion of uracil and 5-phosphoribosyl-α-1-pyrophosphate (prpp) to uridine 5'-monophosphate (ump) and pyrophosphate (pp(i)). uprt plays an important role in the pyrimidine salvage pathway since ump is a common precursor of all pyrimidine nucleotides. here we describe cloning, expression and purification to homogeneity of upp-encoded uprt from mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtuprt). mass spectrometry and n-terminal amino acid sequencing unambi ... | 2013 | 23424660 |
| whole genome sequencing versus traditional genotyping for investigation of a mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreak: a longitudinal molecular epidemiological study. | understanding mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) transmission is essential to guide efficient tuberculosis control strategies. traditional strain typing lacks sufficient discriminatory power to resolve large outbreaks. here, we tested the potential of using next generation genome sequencing for identification of outbreak-related transmission chains. | 2013 | 23424287 |
| transmission of extensively drug-resistant and multidrug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in families identified by genotyping. | diagnosis and appropriate treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) remain major challenges. we sought to elucidate that persons who share a household with drug resistance tuberculosis patients are at high risk for primary drug resistance tuberculosis and how to prevent these outbreaks. | 2013 | 23422118 |
| cutaneous tuberculosis of the penis in an hiv-infected adult. | we report a case of cutaneous penile tuberculosis (tb) in an hiv-positive man masquerading as a sexually transmitted infection. this case details a patient who was diagnosed with hiv and achieved virological suppression on antiretroviral therapy. he subsequently stopped his therapy and travelled to a tb-endemic area. upon return, new penile lesions developed and cultures were positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis. this diagnosis was accomplished due to an inguinal immune reconstitution inflamm ... | 2013 | 23422070 |
| within the enemy's camp: contribution of the granuloma to the dissemination, persistence and transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | pulmonary tuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) represents a leading global health concern, with 8.7 million newly emerging cases, and 1.4 million reported deaths annually. despite an estimated one third of the world's population being infected, relatively few infected individuals ever develop active clinical disease. the ability of the host to remain latently infected while preventing disease is thought to be due to the generation of a robust type 1 immune response in the lu ... | 2013 | 23420646 |
| optimization of cell receptor-specific targeting through multivalent surface decoration of polymeric nanocarriers. | treatment of tuberculosis is impaired by poor drug bioavailability, systemic side effects, patient non-compliance, and pathogen resistance to existing therapies. the mannose receptor (mr) is known to be involved in the recognition and internalization of mycobacterium tuberculosis. we present a new assembly process to produce nanocarriers with variable surface densities of mannose targeting ligands in a single step, using kinetically-controlled, block copolymer-directed assembly. nanocarrier asso ... | 2013 | 23419950 |
| a molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics study of the catalytic reductase mechanism of methionine sulfoxide reductase a: formation and reduction of a sulfenic acid. | the catalytic mechanism of msra in mycobacterium tuberculosis, in which s-methionine sulfoxide (met-o) is reduced to methionine (met), has been investigated using docking, molecular dynamics (md) simulations, and oniom (quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics) methods. in addition, the roles of specific active site residues, including an aspartyl (asp87) near the recycling cysteine, tyrosyls (tyr44 and tyr92), and glutamyl (glu52), have been examined, as well as the general effects of the protein ... | 2013 | 23418817 |
| autophagy during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and implications for future tuberculosis medications. | autophagy is a cellular homeostasis mechanism to eliminate unwanted or excessive organelles, or for the turnover of long-life cytosolic macromolecules. during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, autophagy represents not only an antimicrobial mechanism for the clearance of the intracellular pathogen, but also prevents excessive inflammation, avoiding the adverse effects on host. here we focus on the anti-tuberculosis autophagy and signal pathways involved, and attempt to depict an integrative m ... | 2013 | 23416463 |
| tuberculosis: time for a new perspective? | transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) continues uninterrupted. pre-exposure vaccination remains a central focus of tuberculosis research but 25 years of follow up is needed to determine whether a novel childhood vaccination regime protects from adult disease, or like bcg assists mtb dissemination by preventing childhood illness but not infective adult pulmonary tuberculosis. therefore, different strategies to interrupt the life cycle of mtb need to be explored. this personal perspecti ... | 2013 | 23415730 |
| rv3868 (ecca1), an essential component of the mycobacterium tuberculosis esx-1 secretion system, is thermostable. | rv3868 (ecca1) is an essential cbxx/cfqx-family atpase of the mycobacterium tuberculosis esx-1 secretion system. previously, we demonstrated that rv3868 is composed of two domains; a regulatory n-terminal domain (nt-rv3868) and an atp binding c-terminal domain (ct-rv3868). in the present report, chemical denaturation studies show that electrostatic interactions stabilize the rv3868. interestingly, rv3868 has notable heat stability and retains about 50% of atpase activity even at 60°c. the c-term ... | 2013 | 23415725 |
| age-dependent association between pulmonary tuberculosis and common tox variants in the 8q12-13 linkage region. | only a small fraction of individuals infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis develop clinical tuberculosis (tb) in their lifetime. genetic epidemiological evidence suggests a genetic determinism of pulmonary tb (ptb), but the molecular basis of genetic predisposition to ptb remains largely unknown. we used a positional-cloning approach to carry out ultrafine linkage-disequilibrium mapping of a previously identified susceptibility locus in chromosomal region 8q12-13 by genotyping 3,216 snps in a ... | 2013 | 23415668 |
| comparative evaluation of two rapid methods for differentiating mycobacteria. | the real-time pcr with duplex primer sets and the mpb64-based immunochromatographic assay are newly developed methods for rapid differentiation of mycobacteria. the aim of this study is to evaluate the two methods for differentiation between mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria. a total of 95 clinical mycobacterial isolates belonging to 22 different species and 16 reference strains of 16 different species were differentiated by duplex real-time pcr method and mpb64- ... | 2013 | 23414675 |
| the clinical significance of ca-125 in pulmonary tuberculosis. | cancer antigen 125 (ca-125) is usually elevated in ovarian cancer. however, there are several reports that serum ca-125 is elevated in tuberculosis. this study investigated the clinical significance of serum ca-125 measurements in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (tb). between september 2008 and march 2011, serum ca-125 was measured in patients with active pulmonary tb before treatment (baseline), and 6 and 12 months after initiation of anti-tb treatment. patients with pulmonary tb co ... | 2013 | 23414674 |
| tuberculosis in captive asian elephants (elephas maximus) in peninsular malaysia. | a cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 january to 9 april 2012, to determine the seroprevalence of tuberculosis (tb) of all captive asian elephants and their handlers in six locations in peninsular malaysia. in addition, trunk-wash samples were examined for tubercle bacillus by culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). for 63 elephants and 149 elephant handlers, tb seroprevalence was estimated at 20.4% and 24.8%, respectively. from 151 trunkwash samples, 24 acid-fast isolates were obta ... | 2013 | 23414617 |
| disruption of the serine/threonine protein kinase h affects phthiocerol dimycocerosates synthesis in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses a complex cell wall that is unique and essential for interaction of the pathogen with its human host. emerging evidence suggests that the biosynthesis of complex cell-wall lipids is mediated by serine/threonine protein kinases (stpks). herein, we show, using in vivo radiolabelling, ms and immunostaining analyses, that targeted deletion of one of the stpks, pknh, attenuates the production of phthiocerol dimycocerosates (pdims), a major m. tuberculosis virulenc ... | 2013 | 23412844 |
| panosialins, inhibitors of enoyl-acp reductase from streptomyces sp. an1761. | in the continued search for inhibitors of enoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase, we found that four acylbenzenediol sulfate metabolites from streptomyces sp. an1761 potently inhibited bacterial enoyl-acp reductases of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. their structures were identified as panosialins a, b, wa, and wb by ms and nmr data. they showed stronger inhibition against s. aureus fabi and s. pneumoniae fabk with ic50 of 3-5 microm than m. t ... | 2013 | 23412060 |
| [detection of s315t mutation in the katg gene as a strategy for identification of isoniazid-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in a reference laboratory]. | the emergence of strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to drugs is a public health problem. | 2012 | 23412028 |
| in silico comparison of antimycobacterial natural products with known antituberculosis drugs. | the chemical space based on physicochemical properties and structural features of a diverse group of natural products with reported in vitro activity against different mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is investigated using in silico tools. this is compared to the chemical space occupied by drugs currently recommended for the treatment of various forms of tuberculosis as well as compounds in preclinical and clinical development. docking studies exploring possible binding affinities and modes of ... | 2013 | 23410241 |
| glutathione supplementation improves macrophage functions in hiv. | in this study, we determined the effects of glutathione (gsh)-enhancing agents in restoring the levels of gsh in isolated macrophages from individuals with hiv infection thereby resulting in improved control of mycobacterium tuberculosis. our results indicate that treatment with n-acetyl cysteine or a liposomal formulation of glutathione (lgsh) resulted in replenishment of reduced also known as free gsh (rgsh), and correlated with a decrease in the intracellular growth of m. tuberculosis. finall ... | 2013 | 23409922 |
| unique residues at the 3-fold and 4-fold axis of mycobacterial ferritin are involved in oligomer switching. | to identify the crucial residues involved in the self-assembly and function of bfrb, one of the important iron storage proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis, we constructed various mutants by employing site-directed mutagenesis. the analysis of mutants led to the identification of "interface hot-spot residues" (r69, l129, and f159) that act as "switch points" for bfrb oligomerization, and our observations show the importance of 4-fold axis residues in assembly formation. moreover, we demonstrat ... | 2013 | 23409758 |
| characterization of phosphofructokinase activity in mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals that a functional glycolytic carbon flow is necessary to limit the accumulation of toxic metabolic intermediates under hypoxia. | metabolic versatility has been increasingly recognized as a major virulence mechanism that enables mycobacterium tuberculosis to persist in many microenvironments encountered in its host. glucose is one of the most abundant carbon sources that is exploited by many pathogenic bacteria in the human host. m. tuberculosis has an intact glycolytic pathway that is highly conserved in all clinical isolates sequenced to date suggesting that glucose may represent a non-negligible source of carbon and ene ... | 2013 | 23409118 |
| tuberculosis relapse in vietnam is significantly associated with mycobacterium tuberculosis beijing genotype infections. | in vietnam, the mycobacterium tuberculosis beijing genotype is associated with multi-drug resistance and is emerging. a possible explanation for this genotype's success is an increased rate of relapse. | 2013 | 23408848 |
| a vitamin b₁₂ transporter in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | vitamin b₁₂-dependent enzymes function in core biochemical pathways in mycobacterium tuberculosis, an obligate pathogen whose metabolism in vivo is poorly understood. although m. tuberculosis can access vitamin b₁₂ in vitro, it is uncertain whether the organism is able to scavenge b₁₂ during host infection. this question is crucial to predictions of metabolic function, but its resolution is complicated by the absence in the m. tuberculosis genome of a direct homologue of btufcd, the only bacteri ... | 2013 | 23407640 |
| draft genome sequence of the first isolate of extensively drug-resistant (xdr) mycobacterium tuberculosis in malaysia. | the emergence of the global threat of extensively drug-resistant (xdr) mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals weaknesses in tuberculosis management and diagnostic services. we report the draft genome sequence of the first extensively drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strain isolated in malaysia. the sequence was also compared against a reference strain to elucidate the polymorphism that is related to their extensive resistance. | 2013 | 23405310 |
| blood agar validation for susceptibility testing of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and streptomycin to mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. | in recent studies, it was shown that blood agar can be used at least as effectively as löwenstein-jensen medium for growing mycobacterium tuberculosis. it was also shown that susceptibility testing can be performed on blood agar. additional validation of blood agar was performed on regional m. tuberculosis isolates from turkey to determine critical concentrations of isoniazid (inh), rifampicin (rif), ethambutol (etm), and streptomycin (str). in the current study, 40 m. tuberculosis clinical isol ... | 2013 | 23405140 |
| comparison of three molecular typing methods to assess genetic diversity for mycobacterium tuberculosis. | this study describes the comparison of three methods for genotyping of mycobacterium tuberculosis, namely miru-vntr (mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats), spoligotyping and, for the first time, mlst (multilocus sequence typing). in order to evaluate the discriminatory power of these methods, a total of 44 m. tuberculosis isolates obtained from sputum specimens of patients from brazil were genotyped. among the three methods, mlst showed the lowest discrim ... | 2013 | 23403309 |
| fluorescent probes reveal a minimal ligase recognition motif in the prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (pup)-based proteasomal system in the pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is essential for its survival in a mammalian host. the pup ligase enzyme, pafa, conjugates pup to a suite of proteins targeted for proteasomal degradation and is necessary for persistent infection by mtb. we report the design and application of fluorescent probes for use in elucidating the mechanisms of pup and substrate recognition by pafa. our studies revealed that the c-termi ... | 2013 | 23402667 |
| [a clinical study on cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis: the position of a low invasive needle aspiration procedure for the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis]. | the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis has been performed by histological examination using excisional biopsy specimens. however a non-invasive diagnostic procedure alternative to invasive excisional biopsy has been required and fine needle aspiration cytology as well the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique have become useful modalities. the aim of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of needle aspiration as a less invasive and more rapid diagnostic procedure than excis ... | 2012 | 23402208 |
| multiplex agarose gel electrophoresis system for variable number of tandem repeats genotyping: analysis example using mycobacterium tuberculosis. | as one genotyping method for mycobacterium tuberculosis, variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) is a promising tool to trace the undefined transmission of tuberculosis, but it often requires large equipment such as a genetic analyzer for dna fragment analysis or ce system to conduct systematic analyses. for convenient genotyping at low cost in laboratories, we designed a multiplex pcr system that is applicable to agarose gel electrophoresis using fluorescent pcr primers. for tuberculosis genot ... | 2013 | 23401033 |
| [human genetics of tuberculosis]. | tuberculosis (tb), caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a major public health problem worldwide, resulting in 8.7 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths each year. one third of the world's population is exposed to m. tuberculosis and, after exposure, most, but not all, individuals become infected. among infected subjects, only a minority (∼10%) will eventually develop clinical disease, which is typically either a primary, often extra-pulmonary, tb in children, or a reactivation, pulmo ... | 2013 | 23399414 |
| il-10 inhibits mature fibrotic granuloma formation during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | protective immunity and latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans are associated with the formation of mature protective granulomas within the lung. unfortunately, understanding the importance of such structures has been hindered by the lack of small-animal models that can develop mature granulomas. in this article, we describe for the first time, to our knowledge, the formation of mature, fibrotic m. tuberculosis-containing pulmonary granulomas in a mouse model of il-10 deficiency ( ... | 2013 | 23396944 |
| combining cold-pcr and high-resolution melt analysis for rapid detection of low-level, rifampin-resistant mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) remains a serious threat to public health. mutational analysis of the gene encoding the beta subunit of rna polymerase (rpob) is an established and widely used surrogate marker for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb). the rpob-based drug-resistant assay requires relatively less time to detect drug resistance in m. tuberculosis, yet it fails to detect low-level mutations in wild-type dna. here, we describe a low-level mutation ... | 2013 | 23396215 |
| autophagy protects type ii alveolar epithelial cells from mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | this study was designed to investigate the protective effect of the autophagy signaling pathway against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in type ii alveolar epithelial cells. an in vitro m. tuberculosis system was established using human a549 cells. infection-induced changes in the expression of the autophagic marker lc3 were assessed by reverse transcription-pcr and western blotting. morphological changes in autophagosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy (tem). the functio ... | 2013 | 23396060 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from kerala, india using is6110-rflp, spoligotyping and miru-vntrs. | tuberculosis (tb) continues to be a major health problem in india, and there is very little information about the prevalent genotypes of tubercle bacilli that cause tb in india, especially in kerala. our aim was to study the different circulating strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) that are prevalent in kerala, india. we analyzed 168 mtb isolates from as many pulmonary tb patients using is6110-rflp, spoligotyping and miru-vntrs. the results of is6110-rflp revealed that majority of isolat ... | 2013 | 23395649 |
| multiplex analysis of cytokines/chemokines as biomarkers that differentiate healthy contacts from tuberculosis patients in high endemic settings. | differentiation of latent tuberculosis infection (ltbi) from active disease is one of the crucial elements in the control of tuberculosis. earlier in indian population which is tuberculosis endemic, we identified that 10 mycobacterium tuberculosis secreted protein fractions, induced ifn-γ response only in healthy contacts of tb patients (hcs) and not in tuberculosis patients (tb). these fractions were termed as "contact specific fractions" ("cs" fractions) and found useful for differentiating hc ... | 2013 | 23395386 |
| autophagy in mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a passepartout to flush the intruder out? | tuberculosis is a global health calamity. the causative agent, mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis), has evolved elaborate survival mechanisms in humans, allowing it to remain in a clinically latent infection state, constantly engaging the immune system, with the possibility to progress to active disease. autophagy is a cellular process responsible for the degradation of intracellular components, including invading pathogens, playing an important role in both innate and adaptive immunity ... | 2013 | 23395260 |
| novel pseudopeptides incorporating a benzodiazepine-based turn mimetic--targeting mycobacterium tuberculosis ribonucleotide reductase. | peptides mimicking the c-terminus of the small subunit (r2) of mycobacterium tuberculosis ribonucleotide reductase (rnr) can compete for binding to the large subunit (r1) and thus inhibit rnr activity. moreover, it has been suggested that the binding of the r2 c-terminus is very similar in m. tuberculosis and salmonella typhimurium. based on modeling studies of a crystal structure of the holocomplex of the s. typhimurium enzyme, a benzodiazepine-based turn mimetic was identified and a set of nov ... | 2013 | 23395111 |
| sputum smear concentration may misidentify acid-fast bacilli as mycobacterium tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients. | tuberculosis (tb) diagnosis in most resource-limited settings still depends on smear microscopy for identification of acid-fast bacilli (afb). however, recently developed molecular diagnostics that test for the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) dna have been shown to be superior for confirmation of tb diagnosis. | 2013 | 23392466 |
| comparison of line probe assay with liquid culture for rapid detection of multi-drug resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | | 2012 | 23391803 |
| discovery of novel inhibitors targeting the mycobacterium tuberculosis o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (cysk1) using virtual high-throughput screening. | cysteine biosynthesis in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is crucial for this pathogen to combat oxidative stress and for long term survival in the host. hence inhibition of this pathway is attractive for developing novel drugs against tuberculosis. in the present study, the crystal structure of the mycobacterial enzyme o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase cysk1 bound to an oligopeptide inhibitor was used as a framework for virtual screening of the bits-pilani in-house database to identify new scaffolds ... | 2013 | 23391589 |
| [in vitro effect of ankaferd blood stopper®, a plant extract against mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates]. | treatment of drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis infections requires combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs which have several toxic side effects. thus there is a need for safer and effective new drugs. ankaferd blood stopper® (abs), which is a mixture of plant extracts prepared from alpinia officinarum, glycyrrhiza glabra, thymus vulgaris, urtica dioica and vitis vinifera, has homeostatic and antibacterial effects. standard solutions of abs are already being used topically for post-trauma ... | 2013 | 23390904 |
| [evaluation of tetrazolium violet and resazurin assays for ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing of resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates]. | tuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, is still a serious public health concern. antimycobacterial drug resistance which is in an increasing trend worldwide aids to the importance of tuberculosis problem. fluoroquinolones which exhibit in vitro and in vivo anti-mycobacterial activity, are being recommended by world health organization as alternative drugs particularly for the treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. rapid detection of antimycobacterial resistance is of great i ... | 2013 | 23390902 |
| polymorphism of antigen mpt64 in mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. | we selected 180 clinical isolates of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) from patients in china and performed comparative sequence analysis of the mpt64 gene after amplification. from the results, we found that polymorphisms of the mpt64 gene in the mtbc may be the reason for changes in the antigen produced, which may in turn cause alterations of related functions, thereby allowing immune evasion. | 2013 | 23390287 |
| evaluation of methods for testing the susceptibility of clinical mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to pyrazinamide. | pyrazinamide (pza) is a first-line antituberculosis (anti-tb) drug capable of killing nonreplicating, persistent mycobacterium tuberculosis. however, reliable testing of the susceptibility of m. tuberculosis to pza is challenging. using 432 clinical m. tuberculosis isolates, we compared the performances of five methods for the determination of m. tuberculosis susceptibility to pza: the mgit 960 system, the molecular drug susceptibility test (mdst), the pyrazinamidase (pzase) activity assay, the ... | 2013 | 23390285 |
| identification of a new tuberculosis antigen recognized by γδ t cell receptor. | the immune protection initiated by γδ t cells plays an important role in mycobacterial infection. the γδ t cells activated by mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived nonpeptidic, phosphorylated biometabolites (phosphoantigens) provide only partial immune protection against mycobacterium, while evidence has suggested that protein antigen-activated γδ t cells elicit effective protective immune responses. to date, only a few distinct mycobacterial protein antigens have been identified. in the present st ... | 2013 | 23389928 |
| risk factors in patients with afb smear-positive sputum who receive inappropriate antituberculous treatment. | acid-fast bacilli (afb) smear-positive sputum is usually an initial clue in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (tb); however, the test is not disease-specific. nontuberculous mycobacterium-related colonization or lung disease often has afb smear-positive sputum results, and physicians may prescribe unnecessary antituberculous drugs for these patients. the aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with afb smear-positive sputum who received unnecessary anti-tb ... | 2013 | 23386785 |
| distribution and deposition of respirable plga microspheres in lung alveoli. | although treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with respirable microspheres (ms) with an incorporated antituberculosis drug is expected to be highly effective, this treatment seems to achieve a much lesser effect than expected in the case of killing mycobacterium tuberculosis residing in the lungs. to elucidate the reason for this weaker effect, we examined the distribution and accumulation of respirable ms consisting of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (plga) in rat lungs. for this, we delivered the ... | 2013 | 23384687 |
| drug resistance mechanism of pnca in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis continues to be a global health threat. pyrazinamide (pza) is an important first-line drug in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment. the emergence of strains resistant to pza represents an important public health problem, as both first- and second-line treatment regimens include pza. it becomes toxic to mycobacterium tuberculosis when converted to pyrazinoic acid by the bacterial pyrazinamidase (pnca) enzyme. resistance to pza is caused mainly by the loss of enzyme activity by ... | 2014 | 23383724 |
| first molecular epidemiology study of mycobacterium tuberculosis in kiribati. | tuberculosis incidence rates in kiribati are among the highest in the western pacific region, however the genetic diversity of circulating mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains (mtbc) and transmission dynamics are unknown. here, we analysed mtbc strains isolated from culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) cases from the main tb referral centre between november 2007 and october 2009. strain genotyping (is6110 typing, spoligotyping, 24-loci miru-vntr and snp typing) was performed and de ... | 2013 | 23383187 |
| base-calling algorithm with vocabulary (bcv) method for analyzing population sequencing chromatograms. | sanger sequencing is a common method of reading dna sequences. it is less expensive than high-throughput methods, and it is appropriate for numerous applications including molecular diagnostics. however, sequencing mixtures of similar dna of pathogens with this method is challenging. this is important because most clinical samples contain such mixtures, rather than pure single strains. the traditional solution is to sequence selected clones of pcr products, a complicated, time-consuming, and exp ... | 2013 | 23382983 |
| equal opportunity for low-degree network nodes: a pagerank-based method for protein target identification in metabolic graphs. | biological network data, such as metabolic-, signaling- or physical interaction graphs of proteins are increasingly available in public repositories for important species. tools for the quantitative analysis of these networks are being developed today. protein network-based drug target identification methods usually return protein hubs with large degrees in the networks as potentially important targets. some known, important protein targets, however, are not hubs at all, and perturbing protein h ... | 2013 | 23382878 |
| modern lineages of mycobacterium tuberculosis in addis ababa, ethiopia: implications for the tuberculosis control programe. | the genotyping of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is important to have unique insights into the dissemination dynamics and evolutionary genetics of this pathogen and for tb control as it allows the detection of suspected outbreaks and the tracing of transmission chains. | 2012 | 23382750 |
| smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among suspected patients attending metehara sugar factory hospital; eastern ethiopia. | tuberculosis is a major public health problem throughout the world. nearly one third of the world's population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and hence at risk of developing active disease. tuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in ethiopia, and the country belongs to one of the most affected high burden countries. | 2012 | 23382747 |
| chemo-enzymatic synthesis and glycosidase inhibitory properties of dab and lab derivatives. | a chemo-enzymatic strategy for the preparation of 2-aminomethyl derivatives of (2r,3r,4r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol (also called 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol, dab) and its enantiomer lab is presented. the synthesis is based on the enzymatic preparation of dab and lab followed by the chemical modification of their hydroxymethyl functionality to afford diverse 2-aminomethyl derivatives. this strategy leads to novel aromatic, aminoalcohol and 2-oxopiperazine dab and lab derivative ... | 2013 | 23381224 |
| aminoglycoside cross-resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis due to mutations in the 5' untranslated region of whib7. | since the discovery of streptomycin's bactericidal activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis, aminoglycosides have been utilized to treat tuberculosis (tb). today, the aminoglycosides kanamycin and amikacin are used to treat multidrug-resistant (mdr) tb, and resistance to any of the second-line injectable antibiotics, including kanamycin, amikacin, or capreomycin, is a defining characteristic of extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tb. resistance to kanamycin and streptomycin is thought to be due ... | 2013 | 23380727 |
| [chylous ascites, a revealing sign of peritoneal tuberculosis in an 11-month-old infant]. | chylous ascites is rare in children. we report on a case of chylous ascites in an 1-month-old infant in togo. the infant had been appropriately vaccinated, had normal growth and psychomotor development, and he was living in a rural area. he had fever that had started 3 months earlier and persisted despite various treatments with antimalarials and antibiotics. then progressively abdominal pain with abdominal distension developed, while lactescent ascites was discovered after puncture. the patient ... | 2013 | 23380033 |
| immunotherapeutic effects of recombinant adenovirus encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in experimental pulmonary tuberculosis. | balb/c mice with pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) develop a t helper cell type 1 that temporarily controls bacterial growth. bacterial proliferation increases, accompanied by decreasing expression of interferon (ifn)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos). activation of dendritic cells (dcs) is delayed. intratracheal administration of only one dose of recombinant adenoviruses encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (adgm-csf) 1 day before mycoba ... | 2013 | 23379435 |
| evidence for postinitiation regulation of mrna biogenesis in tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis infection alters macrophage gene expression and macrophage response to ifn-γ, a critical host defense cytokine. however, regulation of these changes is poorly understood. we report discordance of changes in nascent transcript and total nuclear rna abundance for the transcription factors stat1 and irf1, together with lack of effect on their rna half-lives, in human thp-1 cells infected with m. tuberculosis and stimulated with ifn-γ. the results indicate that negative po ... | 2013 | 23378427 |
| new insights toward the discovery of antibacterial agents: multi-tasking qsber model for the simultaneous prediction of anti-tuberculosis activity and toxicological profiles of drugs. | tuberculosis (tb) constitutes one of the most dangerous and serious health problems around the world. it is a very lethal disease caused by microorganisms of the genus mycobacterium, principally mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) which affects humans. a very active field for the search of more efficient anti-tb chemotherapies is the use in silico methodologies for the discovery of potent anti-tb agents. the battle against mtb by using antimicrobial chemotherapies will depend on the design of new c ... | 2013 | 23376211 |
| knowledge and acceptability of patient-specific infection control measures for pulmonary tuberculosis. | effective infection control measures are essential to reduce tuberculosis (tb) transmission in domestic, workplace, and health care settings. acceptability of infection control measures is key to patient adherence. | 2013 | 23375576 |
| updating and curating metabolic pathways of tb. | the sequencing of complete genomes has accelerated biomedical research by providing information about the overall coding capacity of bacterial chromosomes. the original tb annotation resulted in putative functional assignment of ∼60% of the genes to specific metabolic functions, however, the other 40% of the encoded orfs where annotated as conserved hypothetical proteins, hypothetical proteins or encoding proteins of unknown function. the tb research community is now at the beginning of the next ... | 2013 | 23375378 |
| clustering of beijing genotype mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from the mekong delta in vietnam on the basis of variable number of tandem repeat versus restriction fragment length polymorphism typing. | in comparison to restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) typing, variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) typing is easier to perform, faster and yields results in a simple, numerical format. therefore, this technique has gained recognition as the new international gold standard in typing of mycobacterium tuberculosis. however, some reports indicated that vntr typing may be less suitable for beijing genotype isolates. we therefore compared the performance of internationally standardized r ... | 2013 | 23375050 |
| elucidation of haem-binding sites in the actinobacterial protein hbps. | the extracellular haem-binding protein from streptomyces reticuli (hbps) has been shown to be involved in redox sensing and to bind haem. however, the residues involved in haem coordination are unknown. structural alignments to distantly related haem-binding proteins from mycobacterium tuberculosis were used to identify a candidate haem-coordinating residue, and site-directed mutagenesis with uv/vis spectroscopy was used to assess haem binding in vivo and in vitro. we present strong evidence tha ... | 2013 | 23373615 |