| decreasing risk of hepatitis a infection in león, nicaragua: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal seroepidemiology studies. | nicaragua is highly endemic for hepatitis a. we aimed to provide an estimate of the change in the age-specific risk of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection based on serological data from cross-sectional and longitudinal samples collected in león, nicaragua, in 1995/96 (n = 979) and 2003 (n = 494). | 2014 | 24523871 |
| exploring the concurrent presence of hepatitis a virus genome in serum, stool, saliva, and urine samples of hepatitis a patients. | the use of saliva and urine as an alternative to serum samples for detection of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) igm antibodies has been documented. however, these samples remain underreported or unexplored for shedding of hav. to address this issue, paired serum, stool, saliva, and urine samples collected from hepatitis a patients were screened by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for detection of hav rna. hav rna was detected in 67.6% (44/65), 52.3% (34/65), 8.7% (5/57), and 12.3% (8 ... | 2014 | 24503506 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a outbreak in the province of rome, lazio region, italy, january-july 2013. | reduced circulation of hepatitis a virus lead to an increase of susceptible individuals, and outbreaks occurred recently. in northern italy an outbreak is ongoing, attributed to a monophyletic genotype ia strain, with mixed frozen berries as probable source. from 01/01/2013 to 07/15/2013, 30 cases were diagnosed at national institute for infectious diseases, rome, italy, representing about twice the number of cases in whole 2012. phylogenetic analysis indicated that most, although not all, infec ... | 2014 | 24486185 |
| clinical features and risk factors for severe complications among patients with acute hepatitis a virus infection in the jeonbuk province of korea. | the frequency of symptomatic acute hav infections in adulthood are increasing in korea. this study analyzes the clinical severity in patients with acute hav infection and investigates risk factors associated with three severe complications: prolonged cholestasis, acute kidney injury, and acute liver failure. | 2014 | 24463285 |
| validation of a new elisa method for in vitro potency testing of hepatitis a vaccines. | the goal of the project was to standardise a new in vitro method in replacement of the existing standard method for the determination of hepatitis a virus antigen content in hepatitis a vaccines (hav) marketed in europe. this became necessary due to issues with the method used previously, requiring the use of commercial test kits. the selected candidate method, not based on commercial kits, had already been used for many years by an official medicines control laboratory (omcl) for routine testin ... | 2013 | 24447723 |
| sample preparation prior to molecular amplification: complexities and opportunities. | molecular amplification using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) is currently considered as the gold standard to detect enteric human pathogenic viruses such as norovirus and hepatitis a virus in food and water. however, the molecular-based detection requires an adequate sampling strategy and a sample preparation specific for viruses. sampling for enteric human viruses in water and food should not necessarily follow bacterial sampling plans. the development of ... | 2014 | 24441295 |
| anti-infective and cytotoxic properties of bupleurum marginatum. | bupleurum marginatum wall. ex dc (apiaceae) is a perennial herb widely used in traditional chinese and kampo medicine for the treatment of various infectious diseases. the biological activities of b. marginatum have not been fully investigated. this study aims to investigate the antitrypanosomal, antimicrobial and antiviral activities of methanol (me) and dichloromethane (dcm) extracts of b. marginatum aerial parts and the ability of both extracts to inhibit the growth of different cancer cell l ... | 2014 | 24438177 |
| evaluation of adults with acute viral hepatitis a and review of the literature. | in developing countries hav infection is very common in the first years of life and it is often asymptomatic. however especially in regions of intermediate endemicity, exposure to the virus may delay and outbreaks of hepatitis a may be encountered in adults. the aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings and risk factors of adults with acute viral hepatitis a. | 2013 | 24424220 |
| environmental persistence and transfer of enteric viruses. | non-enveloped enteric viruses, such as human norovirus and hepatitis a virus, are readily transmitted via the fecal-oral route. outbreaks are often prolonged due to the ability of these viruses to survive on environmental surfaces, on foods, and in water. delineation of properties impacting enteric virus transfer and persistence in the environment has been the focus of several recent publications and is the topic of this review. such information is important for modeling transmission scenarios, ... | 2014 | 24413147 |
| hepatitis a virus infection during pregnancy in korea: hepatitis a infection on pregnant women. | although there is a large body of data on acute hepatitis a virus (hav) worldwide, data regarding the occurrence of hav during pregnancy is limited. it is commonly acknowledged that hav is not associated with severe outcomes or complications during pregnancy. in contrast, there are several reported cases of vertical hav transmission. moreover, it has been recently reported that hav infection during pregnancy is associated with gestational complications. in korea, the incidence of hav infection h ... | 2013 | 24396815 |
| ultra-deep sequencing analysis of the hepatitis a virus 5'-untranslated region among cases of the same outbreak from a single source. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a causative agent of acute viral hepatitis for which an effective vaccine has been developed. here we describe ultra-deep pyrosequences (udpss) of hav 5'-untranslated region (5'utr) among cases of the same outbreak, which arose from a single source, associated with a revolving sushi bar. we determined the reference sequence from hav-derived clone from an attendant by the sanger method. sixteen udpss from this outbreak and one from another sporadic case were compared wi ... | 2014 | 24396287 |
| the important role of early diagnosis and preventive management during a large-scale outbreak of hepatitis a in thailand. | acute hepatitis a is a worldwide public health problem especially in developing countries. recently, a large, community-wide outbreak of hepatitis a occurred in the northeast part of thailand. | 2013 | 24392680 |
| depuration kinetics of hepatitis a virus in clams. | the efficacy and dynamic of depuration for the removal of hepatitis a virus (hav) contamination were evaluated under experimental conditions using manila clams previously subjected to bioaccumulation with this virus. five independent trials were assayed in a closed experimental system with a total volume of approximately 1750 l, using clam batches of 60 kg. the reverse transcriptase-real time pcr (rt-qpcr) technique was utilized for viral quantification. infectivity assays were conducted at the ... | 2014 | 24387859 |
| applicability of bio-wipes for the collection of human faecal specimens for detection and characterisation of enteric viruses. | to determine whether gastroenteritis viruses and other enteric viruses could be detected in faecal specimens collected with bio-wipes. | 2014 | 24372706 |
| hav in fresh vegetables: a hidden health risk in district mardan, pakistan. | hepatitis a is an acute inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis a virus (hav) in human. the path of entry of hav to the bloodstream is the epithelium of the intestine. liver inflammation occurs when hav multiplies within the hepatocytes and kupffer cells of the liver. hav is mostly transmitted by contaminated water, fruits and vegetables. the purpose of the current study was to evaluate fresh vegetables raised on the fecal contaminated water for the detection of hav by pcr method. twen ... | 2014 | 26034681 |
| [the hepatitis a virus: structural and functional organization of the genome, its molecular diagnostic value and cultivation]. | the analysis of recently published data on hepatitis a virus (hav) genome clinical features, molecular diagnostic value and cell culture propagation are reviewed. the growing need in the study of the genetic diversity of hav isolates and the search of its possible new antigenic variants are underlined. the results of the cultivation of different hav strains are analyzed for possible application in vaccine and diagnostic kit production. | 2013 | 24364140 |
| impact of the single-dose immunization strategy against hepatitis a in argentina. | after a country wide outbreak occurred during 2003-2004, 1 dose of hepatitis a vaccine was introduced into argentinian regular immunization schedule for all children aged 12 months in june 2005. the aim of this study was to assess the impact of this novel intervention. | 2014 | 24352191 |
| hepatitis a virus seropositivity in nurses and paramedical personnel at a university hospital in north iran. | the status of hepatitis a virus (hav) among health care workers has not been studied yet in iran. | 2013 | 24349729 |
| the immunogenicity of a single dose of hepatitis a virus vaccines (havrix® and epaxal®) in korean young adults. | assessing the immunogenicity of a single dose of hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccines is important because some people receive only a single dose. however, previous studies have shown variable results and have not examined the effects of demographic characteristics other than gender. this study was performed to examine the immunogenicity of a single dose of hav vaccine according to the vaccine type and demographic characteristics in young adults. | 2014 | 24339297 |
| evidence of hepatitis a virus circulation in central argentina: seroprevalence and environmental surveillance. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has shown intermediate endemicity in argentina, but notification of clinical cases has decreased since the introduction of the vaccine in 2005. | 2014 | 24332411 |
| efficacy of hepatitis a vaccination and factors impacting on seroconversion in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | little is known about the immune response to hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccinations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). we therefore assessed the immunogenicity of hav vaccine in patients with ibd and evaluated the impact on vaccination efficacy of immunosuppressants, including corticosteroids, thiopurines, and anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-tnf) agents. | 2014 | 24284413 |
| live attenuated hepatitis a vaccines developed in china. | two live, attenuated hepatitis a vaccines, h 2 and la-1 virus strains, were developed through serial passages of the viruses in cell cultures at 32 °c and 35 °c respectively. both vaccines were safe and immunogenic, providing protection against clinical hepatitis a in 95% of the vaccinees, with a single dose by subcutaneous injection. the vaccine recipients were not protected from asymptomatic, subclinical hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, which induced a similar antibody response as for unvacc ... | 2014 | 24280971 |
| full-length genome characterization and genetic relatedness analysis of hepatitis a virus outbreak strains associated with acute liver failure among children. | clinical infection by hepatitis a virus (hav) is generally self-limited but in some cases can progress to liver failure. here, an hav outbreak investigation among children with acute liver failure in a highly endemic country is presented. in addition, a sensitive method for hav whole genome amplification and sequencing suitable for analysis of clinical samples is described. in this setting, two fatal cases attributed to acute liver failure and two asymptomatic cases living in the same household ... | 2014 | 24243548 |
| genetic relatedness among hepatitis a virus strains associated with food-borne outbreaks. | the genetic characterization of hepatitis a virus (hav) strains is commonly accomplished by sequencing subgenomic regions, such as the vp1/p2b junction. hav genome is not extensively variable, thus presenting opportunity for sharing sequences of subgenomic regions among genetically unrelated isolates. the degree of misrepresentation of phylogenetic relationships by subgenomic regions is especially important for tracking transmissions. here, we analyzed whole-genome (wg) sequences of 101 hav stra ... | 2013 | 24223112 |
| the complete genomes of subgenotype ia hepatitis a virus strains from four different islands in indonesia form a phylogenetic cluster. | despite the high endemicity of hepatitis a virus (hav) in indonesia, genetic information on those hav strains is limited. serum samples obtained from 76 individuals during outbreaks of hepatitis a in jember (east java) in 2006 and tangerang (west java) in 2007 and those from 82 patients with acute hepatitis in solo (central java), denpasar on bali island, mataram on lombok island, and makassar on sulawesi island in 2003 or 2007 were tested for the presence of hav rna by reverse transcription pcr ... | 2014 | 24212885 |
| hepatitis a virus: host interactions, molecular epidemiology and evolution. | infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) is the commonest viral cause of liver disease and presents an important public health problem worldwide. several unique hav properties and molecular mechanisms of its interaction with host were recently discovered and should aid in clarifying the pathogenesis of hepatitis a. genetic characterization of hav strains have resulted in the identification of different genotypes and subtypes, which exhibit a characteristic worldwide distribution. shifts in hav end ... | 2014 | 24200587 |
| virus, protozoa and organic compounds decay in depurated oysters. | (1) evaluate the dynamic of the depuration process of crassostrea gigas oysters using different ultraviolet doses with different amounts of contaminants (virus, protozoa and organic contaminants) and (2) investigate the morphological changes in the oysters' tissues produced by the depuration procedures. | 2013 | 24184612 |
| epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis a in travelers. | hepatitis a is the second most common vaccine-preventable travel-associated infectious disease and hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most common cause of viral hepatitis. the incidence of infection is closely related to sanitary conditions and the level of economic development. | 2014 | 24165384 |
| evaluation of hepatitis a vaccine in post-exposure prophylaxis, the netherlands, 2004-2012. | the secondary attack rate of hepatitis a virus (hav) among contacts of cases is up to 50%. historically, contacts were offered immunoglobulin (ig, a human derived blood product) as post-exposure prophylaxis (pep). amid safety concerns about ig, hav vaccine is increasingly recommended instead. public health authorities' recommendations differ, particularly for healthy contacts ≥40 years old, where vaccine efficacy data is limited. we evaluated routine use of hav vaccine as an alternative to immun ... | 2013 | 24147144 |
| hepatitis a screening for internationally adopted children from hepatitis a endemic countries. | screening for hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is not currently routinely recommended in internationally adopted children. international adoptees seen at the university of minnesota international adoption clinic from 2006 to 2010 were assessed for acute hav infection (positive hav immunoglobulin m). thirty of the 656 children screened (4.6%) were acutely hav infected. hav-infected children emigrated from ethiopia (16), guatemala (4), china (2), colombia (2), haiti (2), philippines (2), liberia ... | 2014 | 24137028 |
| discrimination of infectious hepatitis a virus and rotavirus by combining dyes and surfactants with rt-qpcr. | human enteric viruses are major agents of foodborne diseases. because of the absence of a reliable cell culture method for most of the enteric viruses involved in outbreaks, real-time reverse transcriptase pcr is now widely used for the detection of rna viruses in food samples. however this approach detects viral nucleic acids of both infectious and non infectious viruses, which limits the impact of conclusions with regard to public health concern. the aim of the study was to develop a method to ... | 2013 | 24083486 |
| genetic diversity of hepatitis a virus in china: vp3-vp1-2a genes and evidence of quasispecies distribution in the isolates. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most common cause of infectious hepatitis throughout the world, spread largely by the fecal-oral route. to characterize the genetic diversity of the virus circulating in china where hav in endemic, we selected the outbreak cases with identical sequences in vp1-2a junction region and compiled a panel of 42 isolates. the vp3-vp1-2a regions of the hav capsid-coding genes were further sequenced and analyzed. the quasispecies distribution was evaluated by cloning the vp ... | 2013 | 24069343 |
| prevention of hepatitis a virus infection, need to vaccinate or not? | | 2013 | 24049610 |
| hepatitis a vaccination and immunological parameters in hiv-infected patients. | vaccination against hepatitis a is an important intervention to prevent disease in hiv-patients. there are insufficient data on the association of the response to hepatitis a vaccine with immunological parameters, including subpopulations of t-cells. we studied hiv-infected adults with cd4 t-cells>200 cells/mm(3) who received two doses of hepatitis a vaccine (havrix or vaqta). the counts of cd3, cd4, cd8, cd4+t-cells, nk, nk cd8+, nk cd8 - cells, and hiv rna were measured at the time of first do ... | 2013 | 24044625 |
| simultaneous detection of waterborne viruses by multiplex real-time pcr. | norovirus, rotavirus group a, the hepatitis a virus, and coxsackievirus are all common causes of gastroenteritis. conventional diagnoses of these causative agents are based on antigen detection and electron microscopy. to improve the diagnostic potential for viral gastroenteritis, internally controlled multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods have been recently developed. in this study, individual real-time pcrs were developed and optimized for specific detections of norovirus ... | 2013 | 24037661 |
| hepatitis a virus strain krm238 resistant at heat inactivation. | | 2013 | 24015939 |
| survival of murine norovirus, tulane virus, and hepatitis a virus on alfalfa seeds and sprouts during storage and germination. | human norovirus (hunov) and hepatitis a virus (hav) have been involved in several produce-associated outbreaks and identified as major food-borne viral etiologies. in this study, the survival of hunov surrogates (murine norovirus [mnv] and tulane virus [tv]) and hav was investigated on alfalfa seeds during storage and postgermination. alfalfa seeds were inoculated with mnv, tv, or hav with titers of 6.46 ± 0.06 log pfu/g, 3.87 ± 0.38 log pfu/g, or 7.01 ± 0.07 log 50% tissue culture infectious do ... | 2013 | 24014537 |
| [detection of food-borne rotavirus by molecular motor biosensor]. | to develop a specific, rapid and convenient method based on molecular motor biosensor to detect food-borne rotavirus. a specific probe was encompassed the conservative region of rotavirus's vp7 segment, and a molecular motor detect device was constructed by connecting probes to f0f1-atpase molecular motor through biotin-streptavidin system. this biosensor's sensitivity was 0.005 ng/ml for rotavirus rna. extracted virus rna was conjugated with the biosensor separately, at the same time atp was sy ... | 2013 | 24010366 |
| full-length genomic sequence of subgenotype iiia hepatitis a virus isolate in republic of korea. | hepatitis a virus is known to cause acute hepatitis and has significant implications for public health throughout the world. in the republic of korea, the number of patients with hepatitis a virus infection has been increasing rapidly since 2006. in this study, the kor-hav-f strain was identified as subgenotype iiia by rt-pcr, and its identity was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing and alignment analysis. moreover, detailed phylogenetic analysis indicated that the kor-hav-f strain clustered into ... | 2013 | 23991416 |
| inactivation of internalized and surface contaminated enteric viruses in green onions. | with increasing outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with produce, it is important to assess interventions to reduce the risk of illness. uv, ozone and high pressure are non-thermal processing technologies that have potential to inactivate human pathogens on produce and allow the retention of fresh-like organoleptic properties. the objective of this study was to determine if uv, ozone, and high pressure are effective technologies compared to traditional chlorine spray on green onions to reduc ... | 2013 | 23973828 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus infection among schoolchildren and adolescents in kaduna, nigeria. | hepatitis a is an infectious viral disease, caused by hepatitis a virus (hav), endemic in many developing countries. a recent review of the global prevalence of hav infection and susceptibility by the who had few data on the seroprevalence of hav in nigeria. this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of hav among schoolchildren and adolescents in kaduna state and to identify factors associated with seropositivity. | 2013 | 23959003 |
| reduction of hepatitis a virus on frhk-4 cells treated with korean red ginseng extract and ginsenosides. | red ginseng has a variety of bioactive functions and is widely used as an oriental medicinal herb and food ingredient. the aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral effect of red ginseng extract and ginsenosides against hepatitis a virus (hav). to examine the antiviral effect against hav, 0 to 10 μg/ml of red ginseng and purified ginsenoside rb1 and rg1 were pre-treated or co-treated on frhk-4 cells. the hav titer decreased significantly in all groups pretreated with red ginseng or puri ... | 2013 | 23931146 |
| mapping codon usage in sequence regions flanking cleavage positions in the hepatitis a virus polyprotein. | to analyze the synonymous codon usage patterns of sequence regions flanking cleavage sites in the hepatitis a virus (hav) polyprotein, the codon usage bias at codon positions and the synonymous codon usage in the target contexts of 30 virus strains were estimated by two simple methods that were based on the values for relative synonymous codon usage. in addition, the pattern of synonymous codon usage was compared between the genomic sequences in hav and those of its human host. our results indic ... | 2013 | 23884773 |
| acute hepatitis a in an elderly patient after care worker travel to high endemicity country. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is considered one of the most important vaccine-preventable diseases in travelers. hav spreads from person to person via the fecal-oral route and gives rise to an estimated 1.4 million cases worldwide each year. in developing countries with poor sanitary conditions people tend to be infected during childhood and have few symptoms, whereas in developed countries with good sanitary conditions fewer people develop immunity during childhood. this leads to susceptible populati ... | 2013 | 23880980 |
| characterization of effluent water qualities from satellite membrane bioreactor facilities. | membrane bioreactors (mbrs) are often a preferred treatment technology for satellite water recycling facilities since they produce consistent effluent water quality with a small footprint and require little or no supervision. while the water quality produced from centralized mbrs has been widely reported, there is no study in the literature addressing the effluent quality from a broad range of satellite facilities. thus, a study was conducted to characterize effluent water qualities produced by ... | 2013 | 23871258 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a antibodies in eastern bolivia: a population-based study. | the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) is changing from high to intermediate endemicity in several latin american countries, but the pattern in the andean latin american countries is unknown. a seroepidemiological survey (n = 436) of hav in schoolchildren living in the cochabamba region of bolivia was conducted in 2010. a questionnaire was completed by parents to obtain demographic, socio-economic, and housing data, and blood samples were collected. the overall prevalence of hav igg was 9 ... | 2013 | 23861034 |
| scoping the impact of changes in population age-structure on the future burden of foodborne disease in the netherlands, 2020-2060. | a demographic shift towards a larger proportion of elderly in the dutch population in the coming decades might change foodborne disease incidence and mortality. in the current study we focused on the age-specific changes in the occurrence of foodborne pathogens by combining age-specific demographic forecasts for 10-year periods between 2020 and 2060 with current age-specific infection probabilities for campylobacter spp., non-typhoidal salmonella, hepatitis a virus, acquired toxoplasma gondii an ... | 2013 | 23851976 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a glycoprotein d genital herpes vaccine in healthy girls 10-17 years of age: results from a randomised, controlled, double-blind trial. | the investigational as04-adjuvanted herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) glycoprotein d (gd2) subunit prophylactic vaccine ('hsv vaccine'; glaxosmithkline vaccines) has been shown to be well tolerated in adults, but limited data exist for pre-teen and adolescent girls, a likely target population. the primary objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of serious adverse events (saes) over 12 months between hsv vaccine recipients and saline recipients (placebo control group) in pre-teen ... | 2013 | 23850416 |
| immunogenecity of hepatitis a and b vaccination in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | aim of the study was to evaluate the response to hepatitis a and b vaccination in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). | 2013 | 23841120 |
| genotypic shift of the hepatitis a virus and its clinical impact on acute hepatitis a in korea: a nationwide multicenter study. | the genotypic shift of hepatitis a virus (hav) and its correlation with clinical course has not been evaluated in acute hepatitis a (aha). | 2013 | 23826788 |
| prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus among children and adolescents in germany. | since hepatitis a virus (hav) infection during childhood is mostly asymptomatic, only seroprevalence studies can provide reliable information on incidence of hav infection in children. the prevalence of anti-hav antibodies was determined in sera taken in 2008 to 2010 from 1,645 children aged 0-17 years and in sera taken in 2010-2011 from 400 adult blood donors in germany. for examination of trend over time, 715 sera collected between 1999 and 2006 from children at the age of 0-17 years within th ... | 2013 | 23812435 |
| shifting epidemiology of hepatitis a infection and vaccination status of children aged 6 months-12 years: time for mass vaccination. | this study was designed to determine the current age-related hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalance, vaccination status of children and to evaluate the epidemiological shift in hav serostatus living in tekirdağ, which is located in thrace region, the european part of turkey. | 2013 | 23795249 |
| single-dose administration of inactivated hepatitis a vaccination in the context of hepatitis a vaccine recommendations. | our objective was to identify evidence on the protection achieved by single-dose use of inactivated hepatitis a vaccines in order to evaluate the potential of a flexible booster administration in the form of a second dose. | 2013 | 23791857 |
| risk factors for acute hepatitis a infection in korea in 2007 and 2009: a case-control study. | this study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in the korean population. participants were recruited from five referral hospitals across the country in 2007 and from 11 hospitals in 2009. patients with positive anti-hav igm antibody tests became the case group, while patients treated for non-contagious diseases at the same hospitals were recruited as controls. a total of 222 and 548 case-control pairs were studied in the 2007 and 2009 survey ... | 2013 | 23772157 |
| low level of immunity against hepatitis a among korean adolescents: vaccination rate and related factors. | we evaluated the current vaccination rate and immunity in the korean adolescent population and analyzed their parents' attitudes toward hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination. | 2013 | 23769832 |
| impact of hpv16/18 vaccination on quality of life: a pilot study. | genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infections and associated precancerous lesions adversely affect health-related quality of life (hrqol). hpv vaccines provide effective protection against these conditions. we therefore investigated the impact of hpv vaccination on hrqol in young women five years after participation in a phase iii hpv vaccination trial. | 2013 | 23768267 |
| immune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with hepatitis a infection in a five-year old boy: a case report. | acute hepatitis a infection is usually a self-limiting disease and mostly asymptomatic in children younger than six years old. extrahepatic autoimmune manifestations such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura (itp) have been reported rarely in children with acute hepatitis a infection. we report herein a paediatric case with itp which is due to hepatitis a virus infection. | 2014 | 25781273 |
| concomitant administration of hepatitis a vaccine with measles/mumps/rubella/varicella and pneumococcal vaccines in healthy 12- to 23-month-old children. | this open-label, multicenter, randomized, comparative study evaluated immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of concomitant (group 1; n=330) vs. non-concomitant (group 2; n=323) vaqta™ (25u/0.5 ml) (hepatitis a vaccine; hav) with proquad™ (measles/mumps/rubella/varicella; mmrv) and prevnar™ (7-valent pneumococcal; pcv-7) in healthy, 12-23 mo old children. group 1 received hav/mmrv/pcv-7 concomitantly on day 1 and second doses of hav/mmrv at week 24. group 2 received mmrv/pcv-7 on day 1, hav at ... | 2013 | 23744509 |
| molecular biology and inhibitors of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a faeco-orally transmitted picornavirus and is one of the main causes of acute hepatitis worldwide. an overview of the molecular biology of hav is presented with an emphasis on recent findings. immune evasion strategies and a possible correlation between hav and atopy are discussed as well. despite the availability of efficient vaccines, antiviral drugs targeting hav are required to treat severe cases of fulminant hepatitis, contain outbreaks, and halt the potential sp ... | 2014 | 23722879 |
| comparison of two extraction methods for the detection of hepatitis a virus in lettuces using the murine norovirus as a process control. | enteric viruses are important agents of foodborne diseases. in recent years, raw fruits and vegetables have frequently been involved in foodborne transmission of enteric viruses to humans, particularly noroviruses and hepatitis a virus (hav). although viral contamination can occur at any stage of food processing, primary production is a critical stage in which prevention measures are essential to minimise the risk of infection to consumers. due to the low infectious doses and low concentrations ... | 2013 | 23702026 |
| computed tomography findings for predicting severe acute hepatitis with prolonged cholestasis. | to evaluate the significance of computed tomography (ct) findings in relation to liver chemistry and the clinical course of acute hepatitis. | 2013 | 23674857 |
| [prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus in healthcare workers and associated variables]. | vaccination against hepatitis a is recommended in risk groups, including healthcare workers. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to hav (igg) among workers in the healthcare setting in order to establish criteria for vaccination. | 2016 | 23669502 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in south korea: a nationwide study by the eone reference laboratory. | we evaluated the recent prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis a virus (hav) in south korea. | 2013 | 23629647 |
| inactivation of food-borne viruses using natural biochemical substances. | food-borne viruses such as human noroviruses (novs), hepatitis a virus (hav), rotaviruses (rovs) are a public health concern worldwide. biochemical substances, which occur naturally in plants, animals or microorganisms, might possess considerable antimicrobial properties. in this study, the reported effects of biochemical substances on food-borne viruses are reviewed. the biochemical substances are grouped into several categories including (i) polyphenols and proanthocyanins, (ii) saponin, (iii) ... | 2013 | 23628607 |
| viral outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units: what we do not know. | nosocomial infection is among the most important causes of morbidity, prolonged hospital stay, increased hospital costs, and mortality in neonates, particularly those born preterm. the vast majority of scientific articles dealing with nosocomial infections address bacterial or fungal infections, and viral agents are often disregarded. this analysis reviews the medical literature in an effort to establish the incidence, types of pathogens, and clinical features of noncongenital neonatal viral inf ... | 2013 | 23623159 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus in bivalve molluscs sold in granada (spain) fish markets. | viruses are the leading cause of foodborne illness associated with the consumption of raw or slightly cooked contaminated shellfish. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis a virus in molluscs. standard and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction procedures were used to monitor bivalve molluscs from the granada fish markets (southern spain) for this human enteric virus. between february 2009 and october 2010, we collected a total of 329 samples of diff ... | 2013 | 23614798 |
| full genome analysis of philippine indigenous subgenotype ia hepatitis a virus strains from japanese patients with imported acute hepatitis a. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most common cause of infectious hepatitis worldwide. although hepatitis a cases imported from south-east asian countries, including the philippines, have been reported in japan, the molecular epidemiological data have been limited for these hav-endemic countries. | 2014 | 23607583 |
| susceptibility of murine norovirus and hepatitis a virus to electron beam irradiation in oysters and quantifying the reduction in potential infection risks. | consumption of raw oysters is an exposure route for human norovirus (nov) and hepatitis a virus (hav). therefore, efficient postharvest oyster treatment technology is needed to reduce public health risks. this study evaluated the inactivation of hav and the nov research surrogate, murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1), in oysters (crassostrea virginica) by electron beam (e-beam) irradiation. the reduction of potential infection risks was quantified for e-beam irradiation technology employed on raw oysters ... | 2013 | 23584781 |
| comparative evaluation of a novel taqman real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for hepatitis a virus detection. | to develop and evaluate a novel system for detecting and quantifying hepatitis a virus (hav) nucleic acid. | 2013 | 23569019 |
| a pathogenic picornavirus acquires an envelope by hijacking cellular membranes. | animal viruses are broadly categorized structurally by the presence or absence of an envelope composed of a lipid-bilayer membrane, attributes that profoundly affect stability, transmission and immune recognition. among those lacking an envelope, the picornaviridae are a large and diverse family of positive-strand rna viruses that includes hepatitis a virus (hav), an ancient human pathogen that remains a common cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis. hav infects in a stealth-like manner and ... | 2013 | 23542590 |
| rapid and convenient assays to assess potential inhibitory activity on in vitro hepatitis a replication. | three different antiviral assays were developed for the in vitro screening of inhibitors of the hepatitis a virus (hav) of which (i) a cytopathic effect reduction assay suitable for medium-to-high-throughput screening and (ii) two virus yield reduction assays (based on quantification of viral rna) for genotypes ib and iiia. the assays were validated for antiviral studies with interferon-alpha (ifnα) and amantadine hcl, two known inhibitors of hav replication. ifnα effectively inhibited hav repli ... | 2013 | 23528258 |
| hepatitis a vaccination coverage among adults 18-49 years traveling to a country of high or intermediate endemicity, united states. | since 1996, hepatitis a vaccine (hepa) has been recommended for adults at increased risk for infection including travelers to high or intermediate hepatitis a endemic countries. in 2009, travel outside the united states and canada was the most common exposure nationally reported for persons with hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. | 2013 | 23523408 |
| the role of surface functionalization of colloidal alumina particles on their controlled interactions with viruses. | materials that interact in a controlled manner with viruses attract increasing interest in biotechnology, medicine, and environmental technology. here, we show that virus-material interactions can be guided by intrinsic material surface chemistries, introduced by tailored surface functionalizations. for this purpose, colloidal alumina particles are surface functionalized with amino, carboxyl, phosphate, chloropropyl, and sulfonate groups in different surface concentrations and characterized in t ... | 2013 | 23498895 |
| effects of an ageing population and the replacement of immune birth cohorts on the burden of hepatitis a in the netherlands. | in populations in which the incidence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection has declined due to socio-economic improvements, better sanitation and hygiene, and vaccination, birth cohorts who have long-term immunity through exposure early in life are now being replaced by non-immune cohorts, meaning that more cases in the elderly may occur in future. our goal was to qualitatively investigate the interaction of this cohort effect and demographic change (population ageing) on the estimated disease b ... | 2013 | 23497182 |
| comparison of 3 automated immunoassays for detection of anti-hepatitis a virus immunoglobulin m in a tertiary care hospital. | three automated immunoassay kits for anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) igm-architect, (abbott laboratories, usa), elecsys (roche diagnostics, germany), and advia centaur (siemens healthcare diagnostics inc., usa)-were compared. we included 178 consecutive samples, for which an anti-hav igm test was requested at seoul national university hospital from september 2009 to january 2010. reviewing of medical records, reverse transcription (rt)-pcr for hav rna, or total anti-hav assay were performed on 16 ( ... | 2013 | 23483019 |
| the efficiency of concentration methods used to detect enteric viruses in anaerobically digested sludge. | the presence of enteric viruses in biosolids can be underestimated due to the inefficient methods (mainly molecular methods) used to recover the viruses from these matrices. therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the different methods used to recover adenoviruses (adv), rotavirus species a (rva), norovirus genogroup ii (nov gii) and the hepatitis a virus (hav) from biosolid samples at a large urban wastewater treatment plant in brazil after they had been treated by mesophilic anaerobi ... | 2013 | 23440119 |
| detection of replication-defective hepatitis a virus based on the correlation between real-time polymerase chain reaction and elisa in situ results. | elisa in situ can be used to titrate hepatitis a virus (hav) particles and real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has been shown to be a fast method to quantify the hav genome. precise quantification of viral concentration is necessary to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious particles. the purpose of this study was to compare cell culture and rt-pcr quantification results and determine whether hav genome quantification can be correlated with infectivity. for this purpose, thre ... | 2013 | 23440112 |
| construction, expression and immunogenicity of a novel anti-hypertension angiotensin ii vaccine based on hepatitis a virus-like particle. | hypertension is a serious worldwide public health problem. the aim of this study is to design anti-hypertension angiotensin ii (ang ii) vaccine using molecular biology and immunological method. this novel anti-hypertension vaccine, which is a chimeric protein named phav-4ang iis, presents four successive repeated ang iis as the functional epitope on the surface of the hepatitis a virus-like particle(havlp). in this study, phav-4ang iis was expressed using bac-to-bac baculovirus expression system ... | 2013 | 23412424 |
| viral genes everywhere: public health implications of pcr-based testing of foods. | food borne viruses such as norovirus and hepatitis a virus are increasingly recognized worldwide as the most important cause of food borne gastro-intestinal illness. food borne outbreaks, often involving multiples cases, have been reported and associated with food products of both animal and non-animal origin. most foods are contaminated with food borne viruses during preparation and service. however, bivalve molluscs and occasionally produce (in particular leafy vegetables and soft red fruits) ... | 2013 | 23403207 |
| declining incidence of hepatitis a in amsterdam (the netherlands), 1996-2011: second generation migrants still an important risk group for virus importation. | the netherlands is a very low endemic country for hepatitis a virus infections (hav, notification rate of <1/100,000). historically in amsterdam, a large proportion of infections are imported from turkey and morocco in children returning from summer holiday. annually since 1998, the public health service of amsterdam has targeted these children for hav vaccination before the summer. as the population of non-western immigrants and their descendents increases, we describe recent trends in hav in e ... | 2013 | 23395735 |
| hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1/kidney injury molecule-1 is a susceptibility gene for clear cell renal cell carcinoma and hepatitis a virus cellular receptor/kidney injury molecule-1 ectodomain shedding a predictive biomarker of tumour progression. | to correlate hepatitis a virus cellular receptor (havcr)/kidney injury molecule-1 (kim-1) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccrcc) tumours with patient outcome and study the consequences of havcr/kim-1 ectodomain shedding. | 2013 | 23352434 |
| kinetics of maternally acquired anti-hepatitis a antibodies: prediction of waning based on maternal or cord blood antibody levels. | timing is critical for efficient hepatitis a vaccination in high endemic areas as high levels of maternal igg antibodies against the hepatitis a virus (hav) present in the first year of life may impede the vaccine response. | 2013 | 23328312 |
| window period of anti-hepatitis a virus immunoglobulin m antibodies in diagnosing acute hepatitis a. | the diagnosis of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is made on the basis of the presence of anti-hav immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies in patients with clinical features of acute hepatitis. some patients show a negative serology at initial presentation, which may complicate the diagnosis of hepatitis a (ha). the aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of ha patients with an initially negative anti-hav igm test result. | 2013 | 23325281 |
| high prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus immunoglobulin g antibody among healthcare facility attendees in osogbo, nigeria. | the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody and associated factors among residents of osogbo, a town in nigeria with inadequate environmental sanitation and a shortage of potable water. this is a health facility-based study. ninety one consenting, asymptomatic attendees of public healthcare facilities in osogbo, osun state, nigeria, were consecutively selected for this study. plasma samples of the study participant ... | 2013 | 23323983 |
| physical removal and transfer of murine norovirus and hepatitis a virus from contaminated produce by scrubbing and peeling. | human noroviruses and hepatitis a virus are responsible for numerous outbreaks associated with handling fresh produce. in this study, physical removal of hepatitis a virus and murine norovirus, a human norovirus surrogate, from contaminated produce items (honeydew melons, cantaloupes, carrots, and celery) by scrubbing under running water with a nylon brush or scouring pad and by peeling (carrots and celery) with a peeler was investigated. the degree and extent of utensil contamination with virus ... | 2013 | 23317861 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus in a cross-sectional study in mexico: implications for hepatitis a vaccination. | hepatitis a virus (hav) remains a public health concern worldwide contributing to significant morbidity in developed and developing countries. this cross-sectional database study estimated the overall hav seroprevalence and the seroprevalence by gender, age, region and socioeconomic status in mexico. between january and october 2010, serum samples collected during the national health and nutrition survey (ensanut 2006) were obtained from subjects aged 1-95 y. subjects' gender, age, geographical ... | 2013 | 23291940 |
| multiple factors contribute to positive results for hepatitis a virus immunoglobulin m antibody. | in the united states, a successful vaccination program for hepatitis a virus (hav) infection has decreased both its incidence and the true positive rate for diagnostic immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody to hav in acute hepatitis. | 2013 | 23276180 |
| change in hepatitis a seroprevalence among u.s. children and adolescents: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2003-2006 and 2007-2010. | to examine changes in seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav) during a period in which universal vaccine recommendations for all u.s. children were implemented, results from serologic testing from the national health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes) from 2003-2010 were analyzed among 7,989 participants age 6-19 years, born in the u.s. in two birth cohorts (1986-1996 and 1997-2004). overall prevalence increased over time from 24.4% in 2003-2006 to the highest ever reporte ... | 2013 | 26343961 |
| acute cholestatic hepatitis a virus infection presenting with hemolytic anemia and renal failure: a case report. | hepatitis a virus is the most common acute viral hepatitis worldwide with approximately 1.5 million cases annually. hepatitis a virus infection in general is self-limited. in rare cases, hepatitis a virus infection may cause renal failure, hemolytic anemia, and/or cholestasis. we report the first case of acute cholestatic hepatitis a virus infection complicated by hemolytic anemia, and renal failure in one patient. a 42-year-old caucasian male presented with cholestasis, hemolytic anemia and ren ... | 2013 | 25431704 |
| havcr-1 expression in human colorectal cancer and its effects on colorectal cancer cells in vitro. | hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 (havcr-1) may function as part of the regulatory apparatus for tight junction in human endothelial cells, and is overexpressed in renal cell and ovarian clear cell carcinomas. | 2013 | 23267147 |
| comparative effectiveness of two doses versus three doses of hepatitis a vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected men who have sex with men. | the purpose of this prospective cohort study was to compare the serologic response between human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected men who have sex with men (msm) receiving two and three doses of hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine and hiv-uninfected msm receiving two doses of hav vaccine. between june 2009 and december 2010, 582 msm aged 18 to 40 years who were seronegative for hav were enrolled in the study. hiv-infected msm received either two doses of hav vaccine (1,440 enzyme-linked immunos ... | 2013 | 23258666 |
| [assessing the force of hepatitis a virus infection in colombia by applying catalytic models]. | estimating the force of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection concerning a 1- to 15-year-old child population being attended at six healthcare centres in colombia by applying catalytic models. | 2012 | 23250371 |
| hepatitis a virus infection and the waste handling industry: a seroprevalence study. | waste collectors have a theoretical risk of hepatitis a virus infection. the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis a virus infection (hav) among municipal solid waste workers (mswws) in a municipality of central greece. a seroprevalence study of hav was conducted among 208 employees (100 waste collectors and 108 municipal gardeners) of a municipality in central greece. total antibodies against hav were measured and information regarding potential risk factor ... | 2012 | 23222205 |
| long-term immunogenicity of hepatitis a virus vaccine in alaska 17 years after initial childhood series. | the centers for disease control and prevention recommends hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination for all children at age 1 year and for high-risk adults. the vaccine is highly effective; however, protection duration is unknown. we report hav antibody concentrations 17 years after childhood immunization, demonstrating that protective antibody levels remain and have stabilized over the past 7 years. | 2013 | 23204169 |
| quantitative rt-pcr detection of hepatitis a virus, rotaviruses and enteroviruses in the buffalo river and source water dams in the eastern cape province of south africa. | human enteric viruses (hentvs) are a major cause of water-related diseases. the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav), rotaviruses (rov) and enteroviruses (env) in buffalo river waters was assessed quantitatively over a period of 12 months (august 2010 to july 2011). seventy-two samples were collected from six sites, including three dams, and concentrated using the adsorption-elution method. viral rna was extracted using a commercial kit, and the viruses were quantified by real-time quantitative ... | 2012 | 23202829 |
| evaluation of viral concentration methods from irrigation and processing water. | four viral concentration methods were evaluated for their efficiency in recovering murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1) (surrogate for human noroviruses (nov)) and ms2 bacteriophages from processing water (1l) and four different types of irrigation water (bore hole water, rain water, open well and river water) (2-5l). three methods were based on the viral adsorption and elution principle, two methods using an electronegative ha-membrane (katayama et al., 2002), one method using an electropositive zetapor ... | 2013 | 23201288 |
| hepatitis a. | hepatitis a is a common viral illness worldwide, although the incidence in the united states has diminished in recent years as a result of extended immunization practices. hepatitis a virus is transmitted through fecal-oral contamination, and there are occasional outbreaks through food sources. young children are usually asymptomatic, although the likelihood of symptoms tends to increase with age. most patients recover within two months of infection, although 10 to 15 percent of patients will ex ... | 2012 | 23198670 |
| temperature and humidity influences on inactivation kinetics of enteric viruses on surfaces. | norovirus (nov) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are pathogenic enteric viruses responsible for public health concerns worldwide. the viral transmission occurs through fecally contaminated food, water, fomites, or direct contact. however, the difficulty in cultivating these viruses makes it a challenge to characterize the resistance to various environmental stresses. in this study, we characterized the inactivation rates of murine norovirus (mnv), ms2, and hav on either lacquer coating rubber tree wo ... | 2012 | 23152976 |
| an immunoenzymatic assay for the diagnosis of hepatitis a utilising immunoglobulin y. | the detection of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) antibody levels by diagnostic kits in the convalescent period of disease generally use immunoglobulin g (igg), which is expensive. an alternative to igg is immunoglobulin y (igy), an immunoglobulin antibody encountered in birds and reptiles. the aim of this study was to develop a competitive immunoenzymatic assay to measure total anti-hav antibody levels using anti-hav igy as the capture and conjugated immunoglobulins. for this purpose, anti-hav igy ... | 2012 | 23147158 |
| impact of travel on the seroprevalence of hepatitis a in children. | recent data about hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence in industrialized countries and the impact of travels to endemic areas are sparse or absent, particularly for children. | 2013 | 23127561 |