| [consensus of the management of severe acute respiratory syndrome]. | | 2003 | 14723215 |
| preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against s1 domain at n-terminal residues 249 to 667 of sars-associated coronavirus s1 protein. | to prepare and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against s1 protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus (sars-cov). | 2004 | 14724082 |
| [amplification and cloning of the n gene of sars-associated coronavirus]. | to amplify and clone the n gene of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. | 2004 | 14724092 |
| early influenza in europe and sars escaping from high security laboratories! | | 2003 | 14724330 |
| sars: retrospective cohort study among german guests of the hotel 'm', hong kong. | hong kong played a pivotal role in the international spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars): a doctor who spent the night of 21-22 february 2003 at hotel 'm' was identified as the index case for four national and international clusters of sars. in parallel to the international collaborative study led by who and united states, a retrospective study on the cohort of german persons staying at hotel 'm' was conducted. the inclusion criteria covered a period from 21 february to 3 marc ... | 2003 | 14724331 |
| antibodies to sars-like virus hint at repeated infections. | | 2004 | 14724600 |
| asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection. | | 2003 | 14725258 |
| molecular epidemiology of the novel coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a newly emerged disease caused by a novel coronavirus (sars-cov), which spread globally in early 2003, affecting over 30 countries. we have used molecular epidemiology to define the patterns of spread of the virus in hong kong and beyond. | 2004 | 14726162 |
| infectious diseases. viral dna match spurs china's civet roundup. | | 2004 | 14726558 |
| early detection of antibodies against various structural proteins of the sars-associated coronavirus in sars patients. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), a new disease with symptoms similar to those of atypical pneumonia, raised a global alert in march 2003. because of its relatively high transmissibility and mortality upon infection, probable sars patients were quarantined and treated with special and intensive care. therefore, instant and accurate laboratory confirmation of sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) infection has become a worldwide interest. for this need, we purified recombinant proteins i ... | 2004 | 14730215 |
| understanding sars with wolfram approach. | stepping acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) as another type of disease has been threatening mankind since late last year. many scientists worldwide are making great efforts to study the etiology of this disease with different approaches. 13 species of sars virus have been sequenced. however, most people still largely rely on the traditional methods with some disadvantages. in this work, we used wolfram approach to study the relationship among sars ... | 2004 | 14732867 |
| dna vaccine of sars-cov s gene induces antibody response in mice. | the spike (s) protein, a main surface antigen of sars-coronavirus (sars-cov), is one of the most important antigen candidates for vaccine design. in the present study, three fragments of the truncated s protein were expressed in e.coli, and analyzed with pooled sera of convalescence phase of sars patients. the full length s gene dna vaccine was constructed and used to immunize balb/c mice. the mouse serum igg antibody against sars-cov was measured by elisa with e. coli expressed truncated s prot ... | 2004 | 14732873 |
| sars: lessons learned from other coronaviruses. | the identification of a new coronavirus as the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) has evoked much new interest in the molecular biology and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. this review summarizes present knowledge on coronavirus molecular biology and pathogenesis with particular emphasis on mouse hepatitis virus (mhv). mhv, a member of coronavirus group 2, is a natural pathogen of the mouse; mhv infection of the mouse is considered one of the best models for the study of ... | 2003 | 14733734 |
| molecular biological analysis of genotyping and phylogeny of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus. | sars-cov is the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) which has been associated with outbreaks of sars in guangdong, hong kong and beijing of china, and other regions worldwide. sars-cov from human has shown some variations but its origin is still unknown. the genotyping and phylogeny of sars-cov were analyzed and reported in this paper. | 2004 | 14733771 |
| [sars-associated coronavirus gene fragments were detected from a suspected pediatric sars patient]. | a special "fever and cough" clinic was set up at the children's hospital affiliated to capital institute of pediatrics for children with symptoms of fever and cough in late april when the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) epidemic was at its peak in beijing to separate the children with fever from others during their visit to the outpatient department. | 2003 | 14733796 |
| [clinical and chest x-ray characteristics of 5 cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome in children in shenzhen area]. | to explore clinical and chest x-ray features of sars in children to facilitate correct diagnosis. | 2003 | 14733797 |
| canadian researchers testing sars vaccine in china. | | 2004 | 14734423 |
| analysis of deaths during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) epidemic in singapore: challenges in determining a sars diagnosis. | an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), an infectious disease attributed to a novel coronavirus, occurred in singapore during the first quarter of 2003 and led to 204 patients with diagnosed illnesses and 26 deaths by may 2, 2003. twenty-one percent of these patients required admission to the medical intensive care unit. during this period, the center for forensic medicine, health sciences authority, singapore, performed a total of 14 postmortem examinations for probable and sus ... | 2004 | 14736283 |
| wet markets--a continuing source of severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza? | context: live-animal markets (wet markets) provide a source of vertebrate and invertebrate animals for customers in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. wet markets sell live poultry, fish, reptiles, and mammals of every kind. live-poultry markets (mostly chicken, pigeon, quail, ducks, geese, and a wide range of exotic wild-caught and farm-raised fowl) are usually separated from markets selling fish or red-meat animals, but the stalls can be near each other with no physical separation. ... | 2004 | 14738798 |
| wet markets--a continuing source of severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza? | context: live-animal markets (wet markets) provide a source of vertebrate and invertebrate animals for customers in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. wet markets sell live poultry, fish, reptiles, and mammals of every kind. live-poultry markets (mostly chicken, pigeon, quail, ducks, geese, and a wide range of exotic wild-caught and farm-raised fowl) are usually separated from markets selling fish or red-meat animals, but the stalls can be near each other with no physical separation. ... | 2004 | 14738798 |
| the difficulties of testing for sars. | | 2004 | 14739441 |
| tnf-alpha inhibition for potential therapeutic modulation of sars coronavirus infection. | | 2004 | 14741070 |
| tissue and cellular tropism of the coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome: an in-situ hybridization study of fatal cases. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a new human infectious disease with significant morbidity and mortality. the disease has been shown to be associated with a new coronavirus (sars-cov). the clinical and epidemiological aspects of sars have been described. moreover, the viral genome of sars-cov has been fully sequenced. however, much of the biological behaviour of the virus is not known and data on the tissue and cellular tropism of sars-cov are limited. in this study, six fatal cases o ... | 2004 | 14743497 |
| [clinical analysis of pediatric sars cases in beijing]. | to study clinical characteristics of pediatric sars cases in beijing. | 2003 | 14744375 |
| [the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of three suspect sars cases]. | | 2003 | 14744392 |
| [progresses in studies on sars-associated coronavirus]. | | 2003 | 14744401 |
| conference report - i. investigating new vaccines: ebola and hiv: highlights from the viral vaccine meeting; october 25-28, 2003; barcelona, spain. | | 2003 | 14745371 |
| conference report - ii. investigating new vaccines: sars. highlights from the viral vaccine meeting; october 25-28, 2003; barcelona, spain. | | 2003 | 14745373 |
| class orders now possible under ontario's public health legislation. | in april 2003, the ontario legislature amended the province's public health legislation as part of a package of amendments related to the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). although the amendments to the health protection and promotion act (hppa) were clearly designed to address emergency situations like sars, they may have unintended and negative consequences for people living with hiv/aids. | 2003 | 14746297 |
| [pay attention to severe acute respiratory syndrome]. | | 2003 | 14748986 |
| [etiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome]. | | 2003 | 14749001 |
| antibody detection of sars-cov spike and nucleocapsid protein. | early detection and identification of sars-cov-infected patients and actions to prevent transmission are absolutely critical to prevent another sars outbreak. antibodies that specifically recognize the sars-cov spike and nucleocapsid proteins may provide a rapid screening method to allow accurate identification and isolation of patients with the virus early in their infection. for this reason, we raised peptide-induced polyclonal antibodies against sars-cov spike protein and polyclonal antibodie ... | 2004 | 14751221 |
| molecular evolution of the sars coronavirus during the course of the sars epidemic in china. | sixty-one sars coronavirus genomic sequences derived from the early, middle, and late phases of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) epidemic were analyzed together with two viral sequences from palm civets. genotypes characteristic of each phase were discovered, and the earliest genotypes were similar to the animal sars-like coronaviruses. major deletions were observed in the orf8 region of the genome, both at the start and the end of the epidemic. the neutral mutation rate of the viral ... | 2004 | 14752165 |
| adolescent twin sisters with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). | a novel coronavirus-associated communicable respiratory disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), spread worldwide after an outbreak in guangdong province of the people's republic of china in november 2002. since late february 2003, there has been an epidemic in hong kong involving both adult and pediatric patients. the clinical course, intensive care, and outcome of adolescent twin sisters with sars are described. adolescents infected with sars may develop severe illness as adults, and ... | 2004 | 14754985 |
| [sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome). emergent transmissible disease]. | of the reemergent transmissible diseases of the past decades, sars is probably not the last to express the alterations occurring in the relationships of the human being with its global ecosystem. the life of contemporary man is characterized, among others, by a huge thirst for traveling, for varied reasons, consequence of the globalization process. sars virus, mutant belonging to coronaviridae, occurred in one of the most densely populated areas of the world. there are two main moments marking t ... | 2003 | 14755924 |
| [importance of nosocomial transmission on severe acute respiratory syndrome and its prevention]. | | 2004 | 14756992 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome: public health response and clinical practice update for an emerging disease. | severe acute respiratory syndrome is an emerging infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality and potential for global spread. this review highlights the salient points of the 2002-2003 outbreak to help clinicians with early recognition, treatment, disease control, and prevention. | 2004 | 14758116 |
| proteomic analysis on structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | recently, a new coronavirus was isolated from the lung tissue of autopsy sample and nasal/throat swabs of the patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and the causative association with sars was determined. to reveal further the characteristics of the virus and to provide insight about the molecular mechanism of sars etiology, a proteomic strategy was utilized to identify the structural proteins of sars coronavirus (sars-cov) isolated from vero e6 cells infected with the bj-01 stra ... | 2004 | 14760722 |
| recognition and analysis of protein-coding genes in severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus. | the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) caused by sars coronavirus (sars-cov) has necessitated an in-depth molecular understanding of the virus to identify new drug targets. the availability of complete genome sequence of several strains of sars virus provides the possibility of identification of protein-coding genes and defining their functions. computational approach to identify protein-coding genes and their putative functions will help in designing experimental protoc ... | 2004 | 14764577 |
| viral replication in the nasopharynx is associated with diarrhea in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. | the role of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus as an enteric pathogen was investigated in a cohort of 142 patients with sars who were treated with a standard treatment protocol. data from daily hematological, biochemical, radiological, and microbiological investigations were prospectively collected, and the correlation of these findings with diarrhea was retrospectively analyzed. sixty-nine patients (48.6%) developed diarrhea at a mean (+/- standard deviation [sd]) of 7.6+/-2.6 ... | 2004 | 14765337 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome without respiratory symptoms or abnormal chest radiograph findings. | we report a serologically confirmed case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in a 27-year-old health care worker. the patient reported no respiratory complaints, and the findings of serial chest radiographs were normal. this case illustrates the wide spectrum of clinical illness caused by infection with sars coronavirus. | 2004 | 14765354 |
| expression cloning of functional receptor used by sars coronavirus. | we have expressed a series of truncated spike (s) glycoproteins of sars-cov and found that the n-terminus 14-502 residuals were sufficient to bind to sars-cov susceptible vero e6 cells. with this soluble s protein fragment as an affinity ligand, we screened hela cells transduced with retroviral cdna library from vero e6 cells and obtained a hela cell clone which could bind with the s protein. this cell clone was susceptible to hiv/sars pseudovirus infection and the presence of a functional recep ... | 2004 | 14766227 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome: developing a research response. | when severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) first came to world attention in march 2003, it was immediately perceived to be a global threat with a pandemic potential. to help coordinate international research efforts, the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases convened a colloquium entitled sars: developing a research response on 30 may 2003. breakout sessions intended to identify unmet research needs in 5 areas of sars research--clinical research, epidemiology, diagnostics, the ... | 2004 | 14767816 |
| mild illness associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: lessons from a prospective seroepidemiologic study of health-care workers in a teaching hospital in singapore. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a newly recognized infectious disease that has recently emerged in east asia and north america. although the clinical features of acute infection have been well described, mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic infections have not been well characterized. | 2004 | 14767817 |
| sars returns to china. | | 2004 | 14959753 |
| the nsp9 replicase protein of sars-coronavirus, structure and functional insights. | as part of a high-throughput structural analysis of sars-coronavirus (sars-cov) proteins, we have solved the structure of the non-structural protein 9 (nsp9). this protein, encoded by orf1a, has no designated function but is most likely involved with viral rna synthesis. the protein comprises a single beta-barrel with a fold previously unseen in single domain proteins. the fold superficially resembles an ob-fold with a c-terminal extension and is related to both of the two subdomains of the sars ... | 2004 | 14962394 |
| medicine. caution urged on sars vaccines. | | 2004 | 14963300 |
| molecular cloning, expression, purification, and mass spectrometric characterization of 3c-like protease of sars coronavirus. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an acute respiratory illness, which has broken out in china. it has been known that sars coronavirus (sars_cov) is a novel human coronavirus and is responsible for sars infection. belonging to one of the major proteins associated with sars_cov, sars 3c-like protease (sars_3cl(pro)) functions as a cysteine protease engaging in the proteolytic cleavage of the viral precursor polyprotein to a series of functional proteins required for coronavirus replicat ... | 2003 | 14965777 |
| [diagnostic tests approved by ministry of health and welfare (december 2003)]. | | 2004 | 14968565 |
| [expression and purification of recombinant n-terminal protein of sars s1 subunit expressed in e. coli]. | to express and purify the recombinant n-terminal protein of sars virus s1 subunit and to study its role in sars immune response. | 2004 | 14970895 |
| pegylated interferon-alpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against sars coronavirus infection in macaques. | the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a newly discovered coronavirus. replication of this sars coronavirus (scv) occurs mainly in the lower respiratory tract, and causes diffuse alveolar damage. lack of understanding of the pathogenesis of sars has prevented the rational development of a therapy against this disease. here we show extensive scv antigen expression in type 1 pneumocytes of experimentally infected cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) at 4 d postinfect ... | 2004 | 14981511 |
| pegylated interferon-alpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against sars coronavirus infection in macaques. | the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a newly discovered coronavirus. replication of this sars coronavirus (scv) occurs mainly in the lower respiratory tract, and causes diffuse alveolar damage. lack of understanding of the pathogenesis of sars has prevented the rational development of a therapy against this disease. here we show extensive scv antigen expression in type 1 pneumocytes of experimentally infected cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) at 4 d postinfect ... | 2004 | 14981511 |
| geldanamycin, a ligand of heat shock protein 90, inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro. | geldanamycin (ga) is an antibiotic targeting the adp/atp binding site of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90). in screening for anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) candidates, we found ga active against hsv-1. hsv-1 replication in vitro was significantly inhibited by ga with an 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.093 microm and a concentration that inhibited cellular growth 50% in comparison with the results seen with untreated controls of 350 microm. the therapeutic index of ga was over 3700 (compa ... | 2004 | 14982777 |
| potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus by a human mab to s1 protein that blocks receptor association. | effective prophylaxis and antiviral therapies are urgently needed in the event of reemergence of the highly contagious and often fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (sars-cov) infection. we have identified eight recombinant human single-chain variable region fragments (scfvs) against the s1 domain of spike (s) protein of the sars-cov from two nonimmune human antibody libraries. one scfv 80r efficiently neutralized sars-cov and inhibited syncytia formation between cells exp ... | 2004 | 14983044 |
| characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus genomes in taiwan: molecular epidemiology and genome evolution. | since early march 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov) infection has claimed 346 cases and 37 deaths in taiwan. the epidemic occurred in two stages. the first stage caused limited familial or hospital infections and lasted from early march to mid-april. all cases had clear contact histories, primarily from guangdong or hong kong. the second stage resulted in a large outbreak in a municipal hospital, and quickly spread to northern and southern taiwan from late apri ... | 2004 | 14983045 |
| [slaughter of possible animal carriers of sars]. | | 2004 | 14983210 |
| characterization of humoral responses in mice immunized with plasmid dnas encoding sars-cov spike gene fragments. | the immunological characteristics of sars-cov spike protein were investigated by administering mice with plasmids encoding various s gene fragments. we showed that the secreting forms of s1, s2 subunits and the n-terminus of s1 subunit (residues 18-495) were capable of eliciting sars-cov specific antibodies and the region immediate to n-terminus of matured s1 protein contained an important immunogenic determinant for elicitation of sars-cov specific antibodies. in addition, mice immunized with p ... | 2004 | 14985131 |
| [atypical pathogens of pneumonia acquired in ambulant persons]. | | 2004 | 14986239 |
| silencing sars-cov spike protein expression in cultured cells by rna interference. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) has been one of the most epidemic diseases threatening human health all over the world. based on clinical studies, sars-cov (the sars-associated coronavirus), a novel coronavirus, is reported as the pathogen responsible for the disease. to date, no effective and specific therapeutic method can be used to treat patients suffering from sars-cov infection. rna interference (rnai) is a process by which the introduced small interfering rna (sirna) could ca ... | 2004 | 14988013 |
| sars treatment. interferon shows promise in monkeys. | | 2004 | 14988528 |
| [to understand common pathogenic viruses in pediatrics from the perspectives of viral taxonomy]. | | 2004 | 14990095 |
| the phylogeny of sars coronavirus. | different tree-building methods consistently place the sars corona-virus (sars-cov) as a basal group 2 coronavirus rather than as an ungrouped species as concluded by others. detailed comparisons of the sars-cov genomic sequence with those of six other coronaviruses failed to find evidence of recombination or genomic rearrangement using computational methods designed for that purpose. | 2004 | 14991447 |
| tracking the evolution of the sars coronavirus using high-throughput, high-density resequencing arrays. | mutations in the sars-coronavirus (sars-cov) can alter its clinical presentation, and the study of its mutation patterns in human populations can facilitate contact tracing. here, we describe the development and validation of an oligonucleotide resequencing array for interrogating the entire 30-kb sars-cov genome in a rapid, cost-effective fashion. using this platform, we sequenced sars-cov genomes from vero cell culture isolates of 12 patients and directly from four patient tissues. the sequenc ... | 2004 | 14993206 |
| structural characterization of the sars-coronavirus spike s fusion protein core. | the spike (s) glycoprotein of coronaviruses mediates viral entry into host cells. it is a type 1 viral fusion protein that characteristically contains two heptad repeat regions, denoted hr-n and hr-c, that form coiled-coil structures within the ectodomain of the protein. previous studies have shown that the two heptad repeat regions can undergo a conformational change from their native state to a 6-helix bundle (trimer of dimers), which mediates fusion of viral and host cell membranes. here we d ... | 2004 | 14996844 |
| [severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)--present status]. | basic facts about sars are presented, including epidemiology, clinical symptoms and the course of disease, multinational search of etiological factor, diagnostic approaches and others. the role of molecular biology in elucidating structure, features and phylogenetic aspects of sars coronavirus is underlined. | 2003 | 15002168 |
| preclinical evaluation of two real-time, reverse transcription-pcr assays for detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | we verified the analytical performance characteristics of a previously described real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay targeting the open reading frame (orf) 1b region of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) with rna transcripts. we then compared it to a novel nucleocapsid gene real-time rt-pcr assay with genomic rna. the assays differed only in the primer and probe sequences and final concentrations. a commercially available armored rna (ambion, austin, tex. ... | 2004 | 15004042 |
| the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus replicative protein nsp9 is a single-stranded rna-binding subunit unique in the rna virus world. | the recently identified etiological agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) belongs to coronaviridae (cov), a family of viruses replicating by a poorly understood mechanism. here, we report the crystal structure at 2.7-a resolution of nsp9, a hitherto uncharacterized subunit of the sars-cov replicative polyproteins. we show that sars-cov nsp9 is a single-stranded rna-binding protein displaying a previously unreported, oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide fold-like fold. the presence of ... | 2004 | 15007178 |
| characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) spike glycoprotein-mediated viral entry. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) is a rapidly emerging pathogen with potentially serious consequences for public health. here we describe conditions that result not only in the efficient expression of the sars-cov spike (s) protein on the surface of cells, but in its incorporation into lentiviral particles that can be used to transduce cells in an s glycoprotein-dependent manner. we found that although some primate cell lines, including vero e6, 293t and huh-7 ... | 2004 | 15010527 |
| recombinant protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic tests for detection of immunoglobulin g antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus in sars patients. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a rapid immunochromatographic test for detection of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies in severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) patients were developed by utilizing the well-characterized recombinant proteins gst-n and gst-u274. the elisa detected igg antibodies to sars-cov in all 74 convalescent-phase samples from sars patients while weakly cross-reacting to only 1 of the 210 control sera from healthy donors. this finding thus led to a kit sens ... | 2004 | 15013977 |
| profiles of antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus recombinant proteins and their potential use as diagnostic markers. | a new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [sars-cov]) has been identified to be the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome. given the highly contagious and acute nature of the disease, there is an urgent need for the development of diagnostic assays that can detect sars-cov infection. for determination of which of the viral proteins encoded by the sars-cov genome may be exploited as diagnostic antigens for serological assays, the viral proteins were express ... | 2004 | 15013989 |
| development of a western blot assay for detection of antibodies against coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. | to identify a major antigenic determinant for use in the development of a rapid serological diagnostic test for severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus infection and to study the immune response during sars coronavirus infection in humans, we cloned the full length and six truncated fragments of the nucleocapsid gene, expressed them, and purified them as glutathione s-transferase-tagged recombinant proteins. the reactivities of the recombinant proteins to a panel of antibodies conta ... | 2004 | 15013997 |
| development of a western blot assay for detection of antibodies against coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. | to identify a major antigenic determinant for use in the development of a rapid serological diagnostic test for severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus infection and to study the immune response during sars coronavirus infection in humans, we cloned the full length and six truncated fragments of the nucleocapsid gene, expressed them, and purified them as glutathione s-transferase-tagged recombinant proteins. the reactivities of the recombinant proteins to a panel of antibodies conta ... | 2004 | 15013997 |
| [some research clues on chinese herbal medicine for sars prevention and treatment]. | to provide some research clues from chinese herbal medicine for sars prevention and treatment. | 2003 | 15015319 |
| identification of an hla-a*0201-restricted cd8+ t-cell epitope ssp-1 of sars-cov spike protein. | a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus (sars-cov), has been identified as the causal agent of sars. spike (s) protein is a major structural glycoprotein of the sars virus and a potential target for sars-specific cell-mediated immune responses. a panel of s protein-derived peptides was tested for their binding affinity to hla-a*0201 molecules. peptides with high affinity for hla-a*0201 were then assessed for their capacity to elicit specific immune re ... | 2004 | 15016646 |
| prior infection and passive transfer of neutralizing antibody prevent replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the respiratory tract of mice. | following intranasal administration, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus replicated to high titers in the respiratory tracts of balb/c mice. peak replication was seen in the absence of disease on day 1 or 2, depending on the dose administered, and the virus was cleared within a week. viral antigen and nucleic acid were detected in bronchiolar epithelial cells during peak viral replication. mice developed a neutralizing antibody response and were protected from reinfection 28 ... | 2004 | 15016880 |
| sars: clinical virology and pathogenesis. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is caused by a novel coronavirus, called the sars coronavirus (sars-cov). over 95% of well characterized cohorts of sars have evidence of recent sars-cov infection. the genome of sars-cov has been sequenced and it is not related to any of the previously known human or animal coronaviruses. it is probable that sars-cov was an animal virus that adapted to human-human transmission in the recent past. the virus can be found in nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine a ... | 2003 | 15018126 |
| sars: epidemiology. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) originated in southern china in november 2002, and was brought to hong kong in february 2003. from hong kong, the disease spread rapidly worldwide but mostly to asian countries. at the end of the epidemic in june, the global cumulative total was 8422 cases with 916 deaths (case fatality rate of 11%). people of all ages were affected, but predominantly females. health care workers were at high risk and accounted for one-fifth of all cases. risk factors for ... | 2003 | 15018127 |
| sars: clinical features and diagnosis. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a highly infectious disease with a significant morbidity and case fatality. the major clinical features include persistent fever, chills/rigor, myalgia, malaise, dry cough, headache and dyspnoea. less common symptoms include sputum production, sore throat, coryza, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. older subjects may present with decrease in general well-being, poor feeding, fall/fracture and delirium, without the typical febrile response. comm ... | 2003 | 15018129 |
| evidence from the evolutionary analysis of nucleotide sequences for a recombinant history of sars-cov. | the origins and evolutionary history of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (sars-cov) remain an issue of uncertainty and debate. based on evolutionary analyses of coronavirus dna sequences, encompassing an approximately 13kb stretch of the sars-tor2 genome, we provide evidence that sars-cov has a recombinant history with lineages of types i and iii coronavirus. we identified a minimum of five recombinant regions ranging from 83 to 863bp in length and including the polymeras ... | 2004 | 15019585 |
| analysis of multimerization of the sars coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), an emerging disease characterized by atypical pneumonia, has recently been attributed to a novel coronavirus. the genome of sars coronavirus (sars-cov) has recently been sequenced, and a number of genes identified, including that of the nucleocapsid protein (n). it is noted, however, that the n protein of sars-cov (sars-cov n) shares little homology with nucleocapsid proteins of other members of the coronavirus family [science 300 (2003) 1399; science 30 ... | 2004 | 15020242 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an infectious disease first recognized in november 2002 in guangdong province, china. it spread to many countries all over the world during february to june 2003, with 8098 cases reported. twenty-one percent of the affected people were health care workers. because sars is a new emerging disease, this review describes the current understanding about the etiology, clinical pictures, laboratory and radiological findings of sars. | 2004 | 15021055 |
| a dna vaccine induces sars coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice. | public health measures have successfully identified and contained outbreaks of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (sars-cov), but concerns remain over the possibility of future recurrences. finding a vaccine for this virus therefore remains a high priority. here, we show that a dna vaccine encoding the spike (s) glycoprotein of the sars-cov induces t cell and neutralizing antibody responses, as well as protective immunity, in a mouse model. alternative forms of s were analy ... | 2004 | 15024391 |
| radiologic pattern of disease in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: the toronto experience. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a transmissible febrile respiratory illness caused by a recently discovered coronavirus. various patterns of disease progression may be observed that have different implications for the prognosis in those affected by sars. the appearance of the lungs on chest radiographs of patients with this condition may be normal or may include focal airspace opacity or multifocal or diffuse opacities. thoracic computed tomography (ct) is more sensitive in depicting ... | 2004 | 15026600 |
| date of origin of the sars coronavirus strains. | a new respiratory infectious epidemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), broke out and spread throughout the world. by now the putative pathogen of sars has been identified as a new coronavirus, a single positive-strand rna virus. rna viruses commonly have a high rate of genetic mutation. it is therefore important to know the mutation rate of the sars coronavirus as it spreads through the population. moreover, finding a date for the last common ancestor of sars coronavirus strains would ... | 2004 | 15028113 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in children. | | 2004 | 15029602 |
| sars-related virus predating sars outbreak, hong kong. | using immunofluorescence and neutralization assays, we detected antibodies to human severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) and/or animal sars-cov-like virus in 17 (1.8%) of 938 adults recruited in 2001. this finding suggests that a small proportion of healthy persons in hong kong had been exposed to sars-related viruses at least 2 years before the recent sars outbreak. | 2004 | 15030679 |
| susceptibility of pigs and chickens to sars coronavirus. | an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in humans, associated with a new coronavirus, was reported in southeast asia, europe, and north america in early 2003. to address speculations that the virus originated in domesticated animals, or that domestic species were susceptible to the virus, we inoculated 6-week-old pigs and chickens intravenously, intranasally, ocularly, and orally with 106 pfu of sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov). clinical signs did not develop in any animal, ... | 2004 | 15030680 |
| susceptibility of pigs and chickens to sars coronavirus. | an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in humans, associated with a new coronavirus, was reported in southeast asia, europe, and north america in early 2003. to address speculations that the virus originated in domesticated animals, or that domestic species were susceptible to the virus, we inoculated 6-week-old pigs and chickens intravenously, intranasally, ocularly, and orally with 106 pfu of sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov). clinical signs did not develop in any animal, ... | 2004 | 15030680 |
| sars surveillance during emergency public health response, united states, march-july 2003. | in response to the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), the united states established national surveillance using a sensitive case definition incorporating clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory criteria. of 1,460 unexplained respiratory illnesses reported by state and local health departments to the centers for disease control and prevention from march 17 to july 30, 2003, a total of 398 (27%) met clinical and epidemiologic sars case criteria. of these, 72 (18%) were probable ... | 2004 | 15030681 |
| introduction of sars in france, march-april, 2003. | we describe severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in france. patients meeting the world health organization definition of a suspected case underwent a clinical, radiologic, and biologic assessment at the closest university-affiliated infectious disease ward. suspected cases were immediately reported to the institut de veille sanitaire. probable case-patients were isolated, their contacts quarantined at home, and were followed for 10 days after exposure. five probable cases occurred from march ... | 2004 | 15030682 |
| sars-associated coronavirus transmission, united states. | to better assess the risk for transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov), we obtained serial specimens and clinical and exposure data from seven confirmed u.s. sars patients and their 10 household contacts. sars-cov was detected in a day-14 sputum specimen from one case-patient and in five stool specimens from two case-patients. in one case-patient, sars-cov persisted in stool for at least 26 days after symptom onset. the highest amounts of virus were ... | 2004 | 15030687 |
| healthcare worker seroconversion in sars outbreak. | serum samples were obtained from healthcare workers 5 weeks after exposure to an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). a sensitive dot blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complemented by a specific neutralization test, shows that only persons in whom probable sars was diagnosed had specific antibodies and suggests that subclinical sars is not an important feature of the disease. | 2004 | 15030691 |
| surgical helmets and sars infection. | performance testing of two brands of surgical helmets indicated that their efficiency at in vivo filtration of sub-micrometer-sized particles is inadequate for their use as respirators. these helmets are not marketed for respiratory protection and should not be used alone for protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome when performing aerosol-generating procedures. | 2004 | 15030697 |
| possible sars coronavirus transmission during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | infection of healthcare workers with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) is thought to occur primarily by either contact or large respiratory droplet transmission. however, infrequent healthcare worker infections occurred despite the use of contact and droplet precautions, particularly during certain aerosol-generating medical procedures. we investigated a possible cluster of sars-cov infections in healthcare workers who used contact and droplet precautions du ... | 2004 | 15030699 |
| detection of sars coronavirus in patients with suspected sars. | cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) were investigated for sars coronavirus (sars-cov) through rna tests, serologic response, and viral culture. of 537 specimens from patients in whom sars was clinically diagnosed, 332 (60%) had sars-cov rna in one or more clinical specimens, compared with 1 (0.3%) of 332 samples from controls. of 417 patients with clinical sars from whom paired serum samples were available, 92% had an antibody response. rates of viral rna positivity increased progr ... | 2004 | 15030700 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction for detecting sars coronavirus, beijing, 2003. | during the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) outbreak, a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, which targets the nucleocapsid gene at the 3' end of the viral genome, was established to detect and identify the sars-associated coronavirus. we describe the use of this assay to screen >700 clinical samples. | 2004 | 15030701 |
| serologic and molecular biologic methods for sars-associated coronavirus infection, taiwan. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) has raised a global alert since march 2003. after its causative agent, sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov), was confirmed, laboratory methods, including virus isolation, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and serologic methods, have been quickly developed. in this study, we evaluated four serologic tests ( neutralization test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [elisa], immunofluorescent assay [ifa], and immunochromatographic test ... | 2004 | 15030702 |
| real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for sars-associated coronavirus. | a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was developed to rapidly detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov). the assay, based on multiple primer and probe sets located in different regions of the sars-cov genome, could discriminate sars-cov from other human and animal coronaviruses with a potential detection limit of <10 genomic copies per reaction. the real-time rt-pcr assay was more sensitive than a conventional rt-pcr assa ... | 2004 | 15030703 |
| interferon-beta 1a and sars coronavirus replication. | a global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) caused by a novel coronavirus began in march 2003. the rapid emergence of sars and the substantial illness and death it caused have made it a critical public health issue. because no effective treatments are available, an intensive effort is under way to identify and test promising antiviral drugs. here, we report that recombinant human interferon-beta 1a potently inhibits sars coronavirus replication in vitro. | 2004 | 15030704 |
| ultrastructural characterization of sars coronavirus. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was first described during a 2002-2003 global outbreak of severe pneumonia associated with human deaths and person-to-person disease transmission. the etiologic agent was initially identified as a coronavirus by thin-section electron microscopic examination of a virus isolate. virions were spherical, 78 nm in mean diameter, and composed of a helical nucleocapsid within an envelope with surface projections. we show that infection with the sars-associated c ... | 2004 | 15030705 |