| new insights into the evolutionary history of type 1 rhodopsins. | type 1 (archaeal) rhodopsins and related rhodopsin-like proteins had been described in a few halophile archaea, gamma-proteobacteria, a single cyanobacteria, some fungi, and a green alga. in exhaustive database searches, we detected rhodopsin-related sequences derived not only from additional fungal species but also from organisms belonging to three groups in which opsins had hitherto not been described: the alpha-proteobacterium magnetospirillum magnetotacticum, the cryptomonad alga guillardia ... | 2004 | 15045490 |
| strong expression of the rice catalase gene catb promoter in protoplasts and roots of both a monocot and dicots. | the rice (oryza sativa l.) catalase (ec 1.11.1.6) gene catb is expressed in roots and cultured cells. we examined the promoter activity of its 5'-flanking region in a monocot and in two dicots. transient expression assays in rice oc and tobacco by-2 suspension cell protoplasts showed that catb's 5'-flanking dna fragments (nucleotides -1066 to +298) had about 20 and 3-4 times as much promoter activity, respectively, as the camv 35s promoter. serial deletion analyses of the catb promoter region re ... | 2004 | 15051048 |
| effects of microcystins on the growth and the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase of rape (brassica napus l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.). | microcystins are naturally occurring hepatotoxic cyclic heptapeptides produced by some toxic freshwater cyanobacterial species. in this study, crude extract of toxic cyanobacterial blooms from dianchi lake in southwestern china was used to determine the effects of microcystins on rape (brassica napus l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.). experiments were carried out on a range of doses of the extract (equivalent to 0, 0.024, 0.12, 0.6 and 3 microg mc-lr/ml). investigations showed that exposure to micr ... | 2004 | 15051402 |
| molecular characterization of osrad21-1, a rice homologue of yeast rad21 essential for mitotic chromosome cohesion. | rad21/rec8 is an important component and key regulator of cohesins. a rad21-like gene from rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica) has been cloned and termed osrad21-1. osrad21-1 is a single-copy gene in the rice genome and is expressed in the entire plant. osrad21-1 consists of 1055 amino acid residues and is the largest of the rad21/rec8 family identified to date. based on sequence similarity comparison with other members of this family and gene expression patterns, it is concluded that osrad21 i ... | 2004 | 15073216 |
| jittery, a mutator distant relative with a paradoxical mobile behavior: excision without reinsertion. | the unstable mutation bz-m039 arose in a maize (zea mays) stock that originated from a plant infected with barley stripe mosaic virus. the instability of the mutation is caused by a 3.9-kb mobile element that has been named jittery (jit). jit has terminal inverted repeats (tirs) of 181 bp, causes a 9-bp direct duplication of the target site, and appears to excise autonomously. it is predicted to encode a single 709-amino acid protein, jita, which is distantly related to the mura transposase prot ... | 2004 | 15075398 |
| cyanidin and malvidin from oryza sativa cv. heugjinjubyeo mediate cytotoxicity against human monocytic leukemia cells by arrest of g(2)/m phase and induction of apoptosis. | oryza sativa cv. heugjinjubyeo (gramineae), anthocyanin-pigmented rice, having dark purple grains, is known broadly as enriched rice with an improved taste. two bioactive compounds were isolated from the 0.5% hcl-ethyl alcohol soluble fraction of the aleurone layer of o. sativa cv. heugjinjubyeo through an activity-monitored fractionation and isolation method. from spectral analysis, the cytotoxic components were the anthocyanidins cyanidin (1) and malvidin (2) the 50% growth inhibitory concentr ... | 2004 | 15080622 |
| effects of ddt on the growth of crop plants. | the effects of ddt on the germination and growth of plants were studied using many crop species. of the species tested, oil-rich seeds of plants, such as peanut (arachis hypogaea) and mustard (brassica juncea), were more prone to ddt induced inhibition of germination and subsequent plant growth than cereals, pulses and fibre crops, like rice (oryza sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), mung bean vigna radiata), pigeon pea (cajanus cajan) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum). studies with (14)c labelled ... | 1989 | 15092369 |
| qtl mapping of grain quality traits from the interspecific cross oryza sativa x o. glaberrima. | international rice export markets are increasing demands for rapid improvements in grain quality characteristics. the african rice oryza glaberrima is a new potential source of genes that will enhance the eating, cooking, and milling properties of the rice grain. the objective of this research was to identify and characterize quantitative trait loci (qtls) among 312 doubled haploid lines derived from the bc3f1 of an interspecific cross of o. sativa x o. glaberrima. genetic material was planted i ... | 2004 | 15105992 |
| high-resolution genetic mapping of xa27(t), a new bacterial blight resistance gene in rice, oryza sativa l. | bacterial blight of rice, caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( xoo) (ishyama) dye, is one of the serious diseases prevalent throughout asia. in a previous study, a resistance ( r) locus was transferred from the tetraploid wild rice oryza minuta to the cultivated rice species, oryza sativa l. here, we report the fine genetic mapping of the r locus, tentatively designated as xa27(t). we performed disease evaluation with an xa27(t) near-isogenic line, irbb27, testing 35 xoo strains collected f ... | 2004 | 15118822 |
| functional analyses of the flowering time gene osmads50, the putative suppressor of overexpression of co 1/agamous-like 20 (soc1/agl20) ortholog in rice. | a late-flowering mutant was isolated from rice t-dna-tagging lines. t-dna had been integrated into the k-box region of oryza sativa mads50 (osmads50), which shares 50.6% amino acid identity with the arabidopsis mads-box gene suppressor of overexpression of co 1/agamous-like 20 (soc1/agl20). while overexpression of osmads50 caused extremely early flowering at the callus stage, osmads50 rnai plants exhibited phenotypes of late flowering and an increase in the number of elongated internodes. this c ... | 2004 | 15144377 |
| is it possible to detect echinochloa spp. tolerance to accase-inhibiting herbicides using a simple quick tolerance test? | the objective of this work was to evaluate the reliability of one quick tolerance test that would enable us, in only six days, to quantify tolerance levels of one biotype to one or more herbicides. for this purpose, we evaluated tolerance levels to cyhalofop-butyl of five echinochloa spp. biotypes: muricata, crus-galli, crus-pavonis, oryzicola and utilis, with unknown records of herbicide treatment. moreover, two biotypes of echinochloa phyllopogon were tested, one of them resistant (r) to fenox ... | 2003 | 15149127 |
| a fungal metallothionein is required for pathogenicity of magnaporthe grisea. | the causal agent of rice blast disease, the ascomycete fungus magnaporthe grisea, infects rice (oryza sativa) plants by means of specialized infection structures called appressoria, which are formed on the leaf surface and mechanically rupture the cuticle. we have identified a gene, magnaporthe metallothionein 1 (mmt1), which is highly expressed throughout growth and development by m. grisea and encodes an unusual 22-amino acid metallothionein-like protein containing only six cys residues. the m ... | 2004 | 15155887 |
| transgenic rice plants expressing the antifungal afp protein from aspergillus giganteus show enhanced resistance to the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea. | the aspergillus giganteus antifungal protein (afp), encoded by the afp gene, has been reported to possess in vitro antifungal activity against various economically important fungal pathogens, including the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea. in this study, transgenic rice ( oryza sativa ) constitutively expressing the afp gene was generated by agrobacterium -mediated transformation. two different dna constructs containing either the afp cdna sequence from aspergillus or a chemically synthesize ... | 2004 | 15159626 |
| ospipk 1, a rice phosphatidylinositol monophosphate kinase, regulates rice heading by modifying the expression of floral induction genes. | a rice gene, ospipk 1, encoding a 792-aa putative phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (pipk), was identified and characterized. comparison between the cdna and genomic sequences revealed the presence of 10 exons (39-1050 bp) and 9 introns (88-745 bp) in ospipk 1 gene. the deduced amino acid sequence of ospipk1 contains a lipid kinase domain that is highly homologous to those of previously isolated pipks, and structural analysis revealed the intriguing presence of multiple morn motifs at th ... | 2004 | 15159629 |
| validation of a rice specific gene, sucrose phosphate synthase, used as the endogenous reference gene for qualitative and real-time quantitative pcr detection of transgenes. | with the development of transgenic crops, many countries have issued regulations to label the genetically modified organisms (gmos) and their derived products. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods are thought to be reliable and useful techniques for qualitative and quantitative detection of gmos. these methods generally need to amplify the transgene and compare the amplified result with that of the corresponding reference gene to obtain reliable results. in this article, we reported the devel ... | 2004 | 15161200 |
| human genome research in china. | significant progress in human genome research has been made in china since 1994. this review aims to give a brief and incomplete introduction to the major research institutions and their achievements in human genome sequencing and functional genomics in medicine, with emphasis on the "1% sequencing project", the generation of single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype maps of the human genome, disease gene identification, and the molecular characterization of leukemia and other diseases. chine ... | 2004 | 15168679 |
| expression pattern of uida gene under the control of rice glutelin glua-2 gene upstream sequence in transgenic rice endosperm. | in order to study the expression pattern of rice glutelin endosperm specific promoter in chinese cultivar zhonghua 8 (oryza sativa l. subsp japonica), uida gene was fused with rice glutelin glua-2 gene 5' upstream sequence 2.3 kb and 750 bp upstream respectively and transferred into rice by agrobacterium mediated transformation. southern blot indicated that uida gene was integrated into the genome of transgenic plants as single copy. northern blot demonstrated that the expression of uida gene an ... | 2004 | 15195568 |
| comparative genomics of rice and arabidopsis. analysis of 727 cytochrome p450 genes and pseudogenes from a monocot and a dicot. | data mining methods have been used to identify 356 cyt p450 genes and 99 related pseudogenes in the rice (oryza sativa) genome using sequence information available from both the indica and japonica strains. because neither of these genomes is completely available, some genes have been identified in only one strain, and 28 genes remain incomplete. comparison of these rice genes with the 246 p450 genes and 26 pseudogenes in the arabidopsis genome has indicated that most of the known plant p450 fam ... | 2004 | 15208422 |
| computational comparative analyses of alternative splicing regulation using full-length cdna of various eukaryotes. | we previously reported a computational approach to infer alternative splicing patterns from mus musculus full-length cdna clones and microarray data. although we predicted a large number of unreported splice variants, the general mechanisms regulating alternative splicing were yet unknown. in the present study, we compared alternative exons and constitutive exons in terms of splice-site strength and frequency of potential regulatory sequences. these regulatory features were further compared amon ... | 2004 | 15208437 |
| proteomics characterization of different bran proteins between aromatic and nonaromatic rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica). | proteomic approach is applied for the analysis of seed brans of 14 rice varieties (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) which can classify to five aromatic rice and nine nonaromatic rice. the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) protein patterns for 14 rice varieties were similar within ph ranges of 3-10 and 4-7. to characterize aromatic group-specific proteins, we compared 2-d gels of aromatic rice to nonaromatic rice using pdquest image analysis. four out of six differential spots were identified as ... | 2004 | 15221766 |
| signal peptide-dependent targeting of a rice alpha-amylase and cargo proteins to plastids and extracellular compartments of plant cells. | alpha-amylases are important enzymes for starch degradation in plants. however, it has been a long-running debate as to whether alpha-amylases are localized in plastids where starch is stored. to study the subcellular localization of alpha-amylases in plant cells, a rice (oryza sativa) alpha-amylase, alphaamy3, with or without its own signal peptide (sp) was expressed in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and analyzed. loss-of-function analyses revealed that sp was required for targeting of ... | 2004 | 15235120 |
| atopt6 transports glutathione derivatives and is induced by primisulfuron. | the oligopeptide transporter (opt) family contains nine members in arabidopsis. while there is some evidence that atopts mediate the uptake of tetra- and pentapeptides, opt homologs in rice (oryza sativa; osgt1) and indian mustard (brassica juncea; bjgt1) have been described as transporters of glutathione derivatives. this study investigates the possibility that two members of the atopt family, atopt6 and atopt7, may also transport glutathione and its conjugates. complementation of the hgt1met1 ... | 2004 | 15247401 |
| the anther indehiscence1 gene encoding a single myb domain protein is involved in anther development in rice. | using a two-element iac/ds transposon-tagging system, we identified a rice (oryza sativa l. cv nipponbare) recessive mutant, anther indehiscence1 (aid1), showing partial to complete spikelet sterility. spikelets of the aid1 mutant could be classified into three types based on the viability of pollen grains and the extent of anther dehiscence. type 1 spikelets (approximately 25%) were sterile due to a failure in accumulation of starch in pollen grains. type 2 spikelets (approximately 55%) had via ... | 2004 | 15247409 |
| potential loss of phosphorus from a rice field in taihu lake basin. | nonpoint-source pollution by phosphorus (p) poses a threat to waters in the taihu lake basin in china. the potential transfer of p in rice (oryza sativa l.) fields through surface drainage and subsurface flow was investigated under simulated conventional irrigation-drainage management. surface drainage events were conducted to avoid overflow across the plots after heavy rainfall and for rice harvest, at which time p losses were also investigated. this study was conducted in 2001 in a long-term r ... | 2004 | 15254123 |
| effect of phenol on ultra structure and plasmid dna of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | most phenolic substances of plant origin are toxic to microorganisms and they confer some degree of protection to plants against phytopathogens. xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, bacterial blight pathogen of rice (oryza sativa) was treated with phenol (monohydroxy benzene) and its effects on the morphology and cytological changes of the bacterium were studied. total lysis of cells occurred with 5 mm conc of phenol while at 2 mm conc, the cell walls became rough and cell contents started shrinking. ... | 2003 | 15267140 |
| cloning, characterization and expression of osgln2, a rice endo-1,3-beta-glucanase gene regulated developmentally in flowers and hormonally in germinating seeds. | we report here the isolation and characterization of a new endo-1,3-beta-glucanase (1,3-beta-glu) cdna, osgln2, that is expressed both in flowers and in germinating seeds of rice (oryza sativa l.). the isolated osgln2 gene encoded a protein which displayed 72%, 93% and 92% identity at the amino acid level with those encoded by barley gii, rice gns4 and glu1 1,3-beta-glu genes, respectively. a gst-osgln2 recombinant protein expressed in escherichia coli preferentially hydrolyzed laminaria digitat ... | 2004 | 15278454 |
| whole genome analysis of the osgrf gene family encoding plant-specific putative transcription activators in rice (oryza sativa l.). | osgrf1 (oryza sativa growth-regulating factor1) is a rice gene encoding a putative novel transcriptional regulator. we identified and characterized eleven homologs of osgrf1 in the rice genome. all twelve osgrf proteins have two highly conserved regions, the qlq (gln, leu, gln) and wrc (trp, arg, cys) domains, and sequences reminiscent of transcription factors. osgrf genes were preferentially expressed in young and growing tissues, and applied gibberellic acid (ga3) enhanced the expression of se ... | 2004 | 15295073 |
| functional characterization of osmads18, a member of the ap1/squa subfamily of mads box genes. | mads box transcription factors controlling flower development have been isolated and studied in a wide variety of organisms. these studies have shown that homologous mads box genes from different species often have similar functions. osmads18 from rice (oryza sativa) belongs to the phylogenetically defined ap1/squa group. the mads box genes of this group have functions in plant development, like controlling the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, determination of floral organ iden ... | 2004 | 15299121 |
| genetic analysis of indian aromatic and quality rice (oryza sativa l.) germplasm using panels of fluorescently-labeled microsatellite markers. | genetic relationships among indian aromatic and quality rice (oryza sativa) germplasm were assessed using 30 fluorescently labeled rice microsatellite markers. the 69 rice genotypes used in this study included 52 basmati and other scented/quality rice varieties from different parts of india and 17 indica and japonica varieties that served as controls. a total of 235 alleles were detected at the 30 simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci, 62 (26.4%) of which were present only in basmati and other scent ... | 2004 | 15309297 |
| a putative polyketide synthase/peptide synthetase from magnaporthe grisea signals pathogen attack to resistant rice. | isolates of the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea that carry the gene encoding avirulence conferring enzyme1 (ace1) are specifically recognized by rice (oryza sativa) cultivars carrying the resistance gene pi33. this recognition enables resistant plants to activate a defense response. ace1 was isolated by map-based cloning and encodes a putative hybrid between a polyketide synthase and a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, enzymes involved in microbial secondary metabolism. ace1 is expressed exc ... | 2004 | 15319478 |
| characterization of dna end-binding activities in higher plants. | dna double-strand-breaks (dsb) are the most severe lesion in cells exposing to ionizing radiation and many other stress environments. repair of dna dsb is therefore critical to cellular survival. in this work, we observed the double-stranded dna end-binding (deb) like activities in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. tn5) suspension cells and hypocotyls from etiolated mung bean (vigna radiata l. tn5) seedlings. higher plant deb-like protein binds primarily to linearized double-stranded dna ends. competiti ... | 2004 | 15331090 |
| expression patterns of a novel atchx gene family highlight potential roles in osmotic adjustment and k+ homeostasis in pollen development. | a combined bioinformatic and experimental approach is being used to uncover the functions of a novel family of cation/h(+) exchanger (chx) genes in plants using arabidopsis as a model. the predicted protein (85-95 kd) of 28 atchx genes after revision consists of an amino-terminal domain with 10 to 12 transmembrane spans (approximately 440 residues) and a hydrophilic domain of approximately 360 residues at the carboxyl end, which is proposed to have regulatory roles. the hydrophobic, but not the ... | 2004 | 15347787 |
| diversification of genes encoding mei2 -like rna binding proteins in plants. | a predominantly plant-based family of genes encoding rna binding proteins is defined by the presence of a highly conserved rna binding motif first described in the mei2 gene of the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe. in silico analyses reveal nine mei2 -like genes in arabidopsis thaliana and six in oryza sativa. these predicted genes group into four distinct clades, based on overall sequence similarity and subfamily-specific sequence elements. in situ analysis show that arabidopsis genes fr ... | 2004 | 15356386 |
| expression and purification of a novel rice (oryza sativa l.) mitochondrial atp synthase small subunit in escherichia coli. | to clarify the function of the rice mitochondrial atp synthase 6 kda subunit (rmtatp6), a method of producing large quantities of this protein is needed. here, we describe an escherichia coli expression system for the rapid and economic expression of rmtatp6. the rmtatp6 gene (genbank accession no. ) was cloned into the pgex-6p-3 vector to allow expression of rmtatp6 as a glutathione s-transferase (gst) fusion protein. the rmtatp6-gst fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography using ... | 2004 | 15358351 |
| cloning and expression of a lipase gene from rice (oryza sativa cv. dongjin). | lipases are useful enzymes that are primarily responsible for the hydrolysis of acylglycerides during lipid processing. we have cloned a lipase gene from a rice seed coat cdna library (oryza sativa cv. dongjin). the cdna was 1,445 bp in length and encoded 361 amino acid residues (genbank accession no. ay580163). the deduced amino acid sequence had 82 and 56% identity to oryza sativa (cv. chuchung) and arabidopsis thaliana lipase genes, respectively, and there was a gxsxg consensus motif near the ... | 2004 | 15359122 |
| a novel two t-dna binary vector allows efficient generation of marker-free transgenic plants in three elite cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.). | a pilot binary vector was constructed to assess the potential of the 2 t-dna system for generating selectable marker-free progeny plants in three elite rice cultivars (zhongzuo321, ariete and khao dawk mali 105) known to exhibit contrasting amenabilities to transformation. the first t-dna of the vector, delimited by agrobacterium tumefaciens borders, contains the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) selectable gene and the green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene while the second t-dna, deli ... | 2004 | 15359604 |
| production of bacterial blight resistant lines from somatic hybridization between oryza sativa l. and oryza meyeriana l. | novel bacterial blight (bb) resistance gene(s) for rice was (were) introduced into a cultivated japonica rice variety oryza sativa (cv. 8411), via somatic hybridization using the wild rice oryza meyeriana as the donor of the resistance gene(s). twenty-nine progenies of somatically hybridized plants were obtained. seven somatically hybridized plants and their parents were used for aflp (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis using 8 primer pairs. results confirmed that these plants were ... | 2004 | 15362190 |
| genetic diversity and phylogeny of japanese sake-brewing rice as revealed by aflp and nuclear and chloroplast ssr markers. | japanese rice ( oryza sativa l.) cultivars that are strictly used for the brewing of sake (japanese rice wine) represent a unique and traditional group. these cultivars are characterized by common traits such as large grain size with low protein content and a large, central white-core structure. to understand the genetic diversity and phylogenetic characteristics of sake-brewing rice, we performed amplified fragment length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat analyses, using 95 cultivars of l ... | 2004 | 15375619 |
| spotted leaf11, a negative regulator of plant cell death and defense, encodes a u-box/armadillo repeat protein endowed with e3 ubiquitin ligase activity. | the rice (oryza sativa) spotted leaf11 (spl11) mutant was identified from an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized indica cultivar ir68 population and was previously shown to display a spontaneous cell death phenotype and enhanced resistance to rice fungal and bacterial pathogens. here, we have isolated spl11 via a map-based cloning strategy. the isolation of the spl11 gene was facilitated by the identification of three additional spl11 alleles from an ir64 mutant collection. the predicted spl11 pr ... | 2004 | 15377756 |
| potent antioxidative and antigenotoxic activity in aqueous extract of japanese rice bran--association with peroxidase activity. | to estimate the preventive potential of japanese rice bran (oryza sativa japonica) against the oxygen radical-related chronic diseases such as cardio-vascular diseases and cancer, antioxidative and antigenotoxic activities of the rice bran extracts were analyzed by using assay systems for lipid peroxidation and genotoxin-induced umu gene expression. when effects of the rice bran extracts under different extraction conditions on hydroperoxide generation from auto-oxidized linoleic acid were exami ... | 2004 | 15476307 |
| [endosperm-specific expression of the ferritin gene in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) results in increased iron content of milling rice]. | iron deficiency is the most widespread micronutrient deficiency world-wild, and is estimated to affect about 30% of the world population. to increase the iron content of rice in chinese, the 764 bp cdna of ferritin gene was cloned from soybean (phaseolus limensis), and constructed between the 1 353 bp rice glutelin glub-1 promoter and nos terminator in a binary vector pcamiba1301. the constructed pyf1067 vector was introduced into agrobacterium strain eha105, and used for transformation of the p ... | 2004 | 15478615 |
| [pyramiding of senescence-inhibition ipt gene and xa23 for resistance to bacterial blight in rice (oryza sativa l.)]. | transgenic lines (gc-1) carrying a senescence-inhibition cheimeric gene, ipt (isopentenyl transferase) gene, cbb23, a isogenic lines carrying xa23 gene for resistance to bacterial blight, and hexi15, a commercial cultivar showing high resistance to blast disease, were used as donors to pyramid ipt gene and xa23 by marker-assisted selection (mas). seventeen bc1f1 plants pyramiding xa23 gene and ipt genes were obtained from three multi-cross combinations. then, the plants carrying xa23 and ipt gen ... | 2004 | 15481540 |
| characterization of soluble and putative membrane-bound udp-glucuronic acid decarboxylase (osuxs) isoforms in rice. | arabinoxylans in crop plants are the major sugar components of the cell walls, and udp-xylose is a key substrate in the biosynthesis of xylans. in this study, the six putative udp-d-glucuronic acid decarboxylase genes from rice (oryza sativa udp-xylose synthase; osuxs) were cloned. except for the soluble form of osuxs3 (genbank accession no. \ab079064), the remaining five osuxs enzymes contain a putative membrane-bound region. the six osuxs genes were classified into three types by phylogenetic ... | 2004 | 15488465 |
| [genetic diversity of common wild rice (oryza rufipogon griff) by using ssr markers and phenotypic traits in guangxi province]. | in this paper, allelic variation and genetic diversity among geographies and growth habit types were studied by using 223 accessions of common wild rice primary core collection in guangxi province, with 34 ssr primers locating on 12 chromosomes of rice and 19 phenotypic traits. in the results, 24.91 alleles were detected per locus on average with a range from 7 to 48. compared to the cultivated rice, the wild rice showed more allelic variations. the ratio of heterozygote of ssr locus was 32.01% ... | 2004 | 15493143 |
| expression of escherichia coli branching enzyme in caryopses of transgenic rice results in amylopectin with an increased degree of branching. | physiochemical properties of starch are dependent on several factors including the relative abundance of amylose and amylopectin, and the degree of branching of amylopectin. utilizing agrobacterium-mediated transformation, a construct containing the coding region of branching enzyme of escherichia coli, under transcriptional control of the rice (oryza sativa l.) starch-branching enzyme promoter was introduced into rice cv. nakdong. to enhance glgb expression, the first intron of rice starch-bran ... | 2005 | 15517356 |
| characterization of oryza sativa telomerase reverse transcriptase and possible role of its phosphorylation in the control of telomerase activity. | telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert) has been characterized in the dicotyledon arabidopsis thaliana. a tert homolog has now been identified in the monocotyledon rice (oryza sativa l.) on the basis of its predicted homology to the a. thaliana enzyme (attert). at least five alternatively spliced transcripts of the rice tert (ostert) gene were detected. the full-length ostert protein shares structural features with terts of other species, including a calculated molecular size of 144 kda, an isoe ... | 2004 | 15527966 |
| does exogenous glycinebetaine affect antioxidative system of rice seedlings under nacl treatment? | the effect of exogenously applied glycinebetaine (gb) on the alleviation of damaging effects of nacl treatment was studied in view of relative water content (rwc), malondialdehyde content, and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in two rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars differing in salt tolerance (salt-tolerant pokkali and--sensitive ir-28), comparatively. both cultivars took up exogenously applied gb through their roots and accumulated it to considerable levels. leaf rwc of both cultivars u ... | 2004 | 15535118 |
| high-resolution genetic mapping at the bph15 locus for brown planthopper resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | resistance to the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens stal, a devastating sucking insect pest of rice, is an important breeding objective in rice improvement programs. bph15, one of the 17 major bph resistance genes so far identified in both cultivated and wild rice, has been identified in an introgression line, b5, and mapped on chromosome 4 flanked by restriction fragment length polymorphism markers c820 and s11182. in order to pave the way for positional cloning of this gene, we have ... | 2004 | 15549231 |
| putative replication intermediates in endornavirus, a novel genus of plant dsrna viruses. | oryza sativa endornavirus (osv) belongs to a new genus (endornavirus) and family (endoviridae) with members containing large double-stranded rna (dsrna) replicons with plasmid-like properties. analysis of products obtained from in vitro reaction of the osv rna-dependent rna polymerase revealed a rapid increase of a population of the non-coding strand rna molecules with a head-to-tail composition. northern hybridization of total rna from osv-carrier cells with riboprobes specific for the coding s ... | 2004 | 15550778 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of wild rice (oryza nivara) chloroplast genome: first genome wide comparative sequence analysis of wild and cultivated rice. | we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast genome of wild rice, oryza nivara and compared it with the corresponding published sequence of relative cultivated rice, oryza sativa. the genome was 134,494 bp long with a large single-copy region of 80,544 bp, a small single-copy region of 12,346 bp and two inverted repeats of 20,802 bp each. the overall a+t content was 61.0%. the o. nivara chloroplast genome encoded identical functional genes to o. sativa in the same order alon ... | 2004 | 15556301 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence and multipartite organization of the tobacco mitochondrial genome: comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes in higher plants. | tobacco is a valuable model system for investigating the origin of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) in amphidiploid plants and studying the genetic interaction between mitochondria and chloroplasts in the various functions of the plant cell. as a first step, we have determined the complete mtdna sequence of nicotiana tabacum. the mtdna of n. tabacum can be assumed to be a master circle (mc) of 430,597 bp. sequence comparison of a large number of clones revealed that there are four classes of boundaries ... | 2004 | 15583938 |
| expression of bioactive human interferon-gamma in transgenic rice cell suspension cultures. | we investigated the possibility of producing the therapeutic recombinant cytokine, interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), in transgenic rice cell (oryza sativa, cultivar tng67) suspension cultures. we tested expression of two vector constructs, each harboring an alphaamy3 leader peptide and a c-terminus his 6 tag fused to a human ifn-gamma cdna, one driven by a sucrose-starvation inducible promoter (rice alphaamy3 promoter) and the other by a constitutive maize ubiquitin promoter, in rice cell suspension ... | 2004 | 15587273 |
| [physiological and genetic analysis of lesion resembling disease mutants (lrd) of oryza sativa l]. | ten indica rice and eight japonica rice mutants with lesion resembling disease (lrd27-44) were obtained by gamma-ray mutagenesis of the whole genomes. these mutants exhibited diverse lesion mimic phenotypes under different growth environments, could be accordingly classified two types, sensitive and insensitive to environments. basing on difference in development of lesion mimics, they can be divided into three categories: whole life lesion mimics (wllm), vegetative initiation lesion mimics (vil ... | 2004 | 15599031 |
| an informatics search for the low-molecular weight chromium-binding peptide. | background: the amino acid composition of a low molecular weight chromium binding peptide (lmwcr), isolated from bovine liver, is reportedly e:g:c:d::4:2:2:2, though its sequence has not been discovered. there is some controversy surrounding the exact biochemical forms and the action of cr(iii) in biological systems; the topic has been the subject of many experimental reports and continues to be investigated. clarification of cr-protein interactions will further understanding cr(iii) biochemistr ... | 2004 | 15603587 |
| inparanoid: a comprehensive database of eukaryotic orthologs. | the inparanoid eukaryotic ortholog database (http://inparanoid.cgb.ki.se/) is a collection of pairwise ortholog groups between 17 whole genomes; anopheles gambiae, caenorhabditis briggsae, caenorhabditis elegans, drosophila melanogaster, danio rerio, takifugu rubripes, gallus gallus, homo sapiens, mus musculus, pan troglodytes, rattus norvegicus, oryza sativa, plasmodium falciparum, arabidopsis thaliana, escherichia coli, saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe. complete proteomes ... | 2005 | 15608241 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis on non-target herbivore and natural enemy assemblages in tropical irrigated rice. | endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) produced in transgenic pest-resistant bt crops are generally not toxic to predatory and parasitic arthropods. however, elimination of bt-susceptible prey and hosts in bt crops could reduce predator and parasitoid abundance and thereby disrupt biological control of other herbivorous pests. here we report results of a field study evaluating the effects of bt sprays on non-target terrestrial herbivore and natural enemy assemblages from three rice (oryza s ... | 2003 | 15612416 |
| cloning, characterization and prokaryotic expression of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase from oryza sativa. | cdna sequences of malate dehydrogenase (mdh) were cloned from various species, and mdh was identified to play an important role in cell energy metabolism. here, we present the isolation and characterization of its homologue (oscmdh) in oryza sativa. comparison of the results to the genome details indicated that oscmdh consisted of seven exons. sequence alignment showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of oscmdh shared a significant similarity with cmdh protein in zea mays, as well as with ot ... | 2004 | 15620222 |
| multigenic families and proteomics: extended protein characterization as a tool for paralog gene identification. | in classical proteomic studies, the searches in protein databases lead mostly to the identification of protein functions by homology due to the non-exhaustiveness of the protein databases. the quality of the identification depends on the studied organism, its complexity and its representation in the protein databases. nevertheless, this basic function identification is insufficient for certain applications namely for the development of rna-based gene-silencing strategies, commonly termed rna int ... | 2005 | 15627959 |
| post-transcriptional gene silencing induced by short interfering rnas in cultured transgenic plant cells. | short interfering rna (sirna) is widely used for studying post-transcriptional gene silencing and holds great promise as a tool for both identifying function of novel genes and validating drug targets. two sirna fragments (sirna-a and -b), which were designed against different specific areas of coding region of the same target green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene, were used to silence gfp expression in cultured gfp transgenic cells of rice (oryza sativa l.; os), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.; gh ... | 2004 | 15629049 |
| [comparative phylogenetic analysis of the rice and arabidopsis phd-finger proteins]. | phd-finger (plant homeodomain finger), a unique cys4-his-cys3 pattern zinc-containing domain, is widely found in many transcriptional regulation proteins from plants or animals. this protein has many different family members distributing in plant or animal proteome,and plays key roles in the development. here, we identified 44 different putative phd-finger proteins in the rice (oryza sativa) genome and performed a phylogenetic analysis with 45 arabidopsis thaliana proteins. the analysis led to a ... | 2004 | 15651682 |
| ultraviolet-b sensitivities in japanese lowland rice cultivars: cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase activity and gene mutation. | there is a cultivar difference in the response to ultraviolet-b (uvb: 280-320 nm) in rice (oryza sativa l.). among japanese lowland rice cultivars, sasanishiki, a leading japanese rice cultivar, is resistant to the damaging effects of uvb while norin 1, a close relative, is less resistant. we found previously that norin 1 was deficient in cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (cpd) photorepair ability and suggested that the uvb sensitivity in rice depends largely on cpd photorepair ability. in order to v ... | 2004 | 15653803 |
| mir spectroscopic analysis on sugar metabolic and ethanol productive kinetics of suspension tby-2 and rice cells pre-cultured in various media. | the influence of sugars in pre-cultivation media suspended plant cells on the kinetics of the sugar uptake and the ethanol production was studied by mid-infrared spectroscopy using a fourier transform infrared spectrometer (ft-ir) equipped with an attenuate total reflection accessory (atr). we performed the plant cell cultivation with nicotiana tabacum cv. bright yellow no.2 (tby-2) cells and oryza sativa l., japonica, cv. nipponbare (rice) cells, respectively, in pre-culture and culture media, ... | 2005 | 15654611 |
| grain growth and endosperm cell size under high night temperatures in rice (oryza sativa l.). | high night temperatures are more harmful to grain weight in rice than high day temperatures. grain growth rate and growth duration were investigated to determine which was the cause of the decrease in final grain weight under high night temperatures. endosperm cell number and cell sizes were also examined to determine which might cause the decrease in final grain weight. | 2005 | 15655104 |
| the oslti6 genes encoding low-molecular-weight membrane proteins are differentially expressed in rice cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to low temperature. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is sensitive to chilling particularly at early stages of seedling establishment. two closely related genes (oslti6a, oslti6b), which are induced by low temperature during seedling emergence were isolated from a cold tolerant temperate japonica rice cultivar. these genes are closely related to the arabidopsis rare cold-inducible (rci2) and barley low-temperature-inducible (blt101) genes. based on direct biochemical and indirect physiological evidence and similarity with a c ... | 2005 | 15656983 |
| functional isolation of novel nuclear proteins showing a variety of subnuclear localizations. | nuclear proteins play key roles in the fundamental regulation of genome instability, the phases of organ development, and physiological responsiveness through gene expression. although nuclear proteins have been shown to account for approximately one-fourth of total proteins in yeast, no efficient method to identify novel nuclear proteins has been applied to plants. in this study, a trial to isolate nuclear proteins in rice was attempted, and several novel nuclear proteins showing a variety of s ... | 2005 | 15659629 |
| evaluation of the potential role of glufosinate-tolerant rice in integrated pest management programs for rice water weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the impact of a herbicide-tolerant rice, oryza sativa l., variety was assessed for its resistance to rice water weevil, lissorhoptrus oryzophilus kuschel (coleoptera: curculionidae), and its place in current integrated pest management (ipm) programs. greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the resistance of a glufosinate-tolerant rice variety and its glufosinate-susceptible parent line bengal to the rice water weevil in the presence and absence of glufosinate applications. the lc50 dos ... | 2004 | 15666748 |
| the genome sequence of xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae kacc10331, the bacterial blight pathogen of rice. | the nucleotide sequence was determined for the genome of xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae (xoo) kacc10331, a bacterium that causes bacterial blight in rice (oryza sativa l.). the genome is comprised of a single, 4 941 439 bp, circular chromosome that is g + c rich (63.7%). the genome includes 4637 open reading frames (orfs) of which 3340 (72.0%) could be assigned putative function. orthologs for 80% of the predicted xoo genes were found in the previously reported x.axonopodis pv. citri (xac) a ... | 2005 | 15673718 |
| identification of candidate markers associated with agronomic traits in rice using discriminant analysis. | plant genetic mapping strategies routinely utilize marker genotype frequencies obtained from progeny of controlled crosses to declare presence of a quantitative trait locus (qtl) on previously constructed linkage maps. we have evaluated the potential of discriminant analysis (da), a multivariate statistical procedure, to detect candidate markers associated with agronomic traits among inbred lines of rice (oryza sativa l.). a total of 218 lines originating from the us and asia were planted in fie ... | 2005 | 15678327 |
| phylogenetic analyses identify 10 classes of the protein disulfide isomerase family in plants, including single-domain protein disulfide isomerase-related proteins. | protein disulfide isomerases (pdis) are molecular chaperones that contain thioredoxin (trx) domains and aid in the formation of proper disulfide bonds during protein folding. to identify plant pdi-like (pdil) proteins, a genome-wide search of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) was carried out to produce a comprehensive list of 104 genes encoding proteins with trx domains. phylogenetic analysis was conducted for these sequences using bayesian and maximum-likelihood methods. the resulting phylogen ... | 2005 | 15684019 |
| the genomes of oryza sativa: a history of duplications. | we report improved whole-genome shotgun sequences for the genomes of indica and japonica rice, both with multimegabase contiguity, or almost 1,000-fold improvement over the drafts of 2002. tested against a nonredundant collection of 19,079 full-length cdnas, 97.7% of the genes are aligned, without fragmentation, to the mapped super-scaffolds of one or the other genome. we introduce a gene identification procedure for plants that does not rely on similarity to known genes to remove erroneous pred ... | 2005 | 15685292 |
| purification and characterization of two ascorbate peroxidases of rice (oryza sativa l.) expressed in escherichia coli. | to clarify the diversity and function of isozymes of ascorbate peroxidase (apx) in plants, a method of producing large quantities of these proteins is needed. here, we describe an escherichia coli expression system for the rapid and economic expression of two rice apx genes, apxa and apxb (genebank accession nos. d45423 and ab053297, respectively). the two genes were cloned into the pgex-6p-3 vector to allow expression of apx as a glutathione-s-transferase (gst) fusion protein. the gst-apxa and ... | 2005 | 15685422 |
| biodiversity of rice (oryza sativa l.) and sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) rhizosphere pseudomonads. | fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from the rhizosphere of rice and sugarcane and examined for their biodiversity. all fifty strains of the fluorescent pseudomonads produced indole acetic acid. among these pseudomonads, halves of sugarcane rhizosphere isolates and one isolate from the rice rhizosphere exhibited phosphate solubilization activity. on the contrary, majority of the rice rhizosphere pseudomonads, and one isolate from sugarcane rhizosphere exhibited antifungal activity. these fluo ... | 2005 | 15691070 |
| rice na+/h+-antiporter nhx1 partially complements the alkali-metal-cation sensitivity of yeast strains lacking three sodium transporters. | a triple mutant strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking its own na+-atpases and na+/h+ antiporters (enal-4delta nha1delta nhx1delta) was used for the expression of the oryza sativa nhx1 gene encoding a putative vacuolar na+/h+ exchanger. upon expression in yeast cells, the osnhx 1p is not a transport system specific only for sodium cations but it has a broad substrate specificity for at least four alkali metal cations (na+, li+, k+ and rb+) and is able to substitute for the endogenous yeast s ... | 2004 | 15702539 |
| spatial control of transgene expression in rice (oryza sativa l.) using the gal4 enhancer trapping system. | we used enhancer trapping with the gal4 transcriptional activator from yeast to obtain spatial control of transgene expression in all organs of the model monocotyledonous species rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare). our t-dna enhancer trapping cassette consisted of two principle components: (1) the minimal promoter-equipped gal4 gene placed adjacent to the right border, and (2) the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) fused to the upstream activation sequence element (uas) to which gal4 binds ... | 2005 | 15703064 |
| characterization of a novel plant growth-promoting bacteria strain delftia tsuruhatensis hr4 both as a diazotroph and a potential biocontrol agent against various plant pathogens. | a novel, plant growth-promoting bacterium delftia tsuruhatensis, strain hr4, was isolated from the rhizoplane of rice (oryza sativa l., cv. yueguang) in north china. in vitro antagonistic assay showed this strain could suppress the growth of various plant pathogens effectively, especially the three main rice pathogens (xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, rhizoctonia solani and pyricularia oryzae cavara). treated with strain hr4 culture, rice blast, rice bacterial blight and rice sheath blight for cv. ... | 2005 | 15709367 |
| gc-compositional strand bias around transcription start sites in plants and fungi. | a gc-compositional strand bias or gc-skew (=(c-g)/(c+g)), where c and g denote the numbers of cytosine and guanine residues, was recently reported near the transcription start sites (tss) of arabidopsis genes. however, it is unclear whether other eukaryotic species have equally prominent gc-skews, and the biological meaning of this trait remains unknown. | 2005 | 15733327 |
| rice (oryza sativa l.) containing the bar gene is compositionally equivalent to the nontransgenic counterpart. | this publication presents an approach to assessing compositional equivalence between grain derived from glufosinate-tolerant rice grain, genetic event llrice62, and its nontransgenic counterpart. rice was grown in the same manner as is common for commercial production, using either conventional weed control practices or glufosinate-ammonium herbicide. a two-season multisite trial design provided a robust data set to evaluate environmental effects between the sites. statistical comparisons to tes ... | 2005 | 15740024 |
| a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade regulating infection-related morphogenesis in magnaporthe grisea. | many fungal pathogens invade plants by means of specialized infection structures called appressoria. in the rice (oryza sativa) blast fungus magnaporthe grisea, the pathogenicity mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase1 (pmk1) kinase is essential for appressorium formation and invasive growth. in this study, we functionally characterized the mst7 and mst11 genes of m. grisea that are homologous with the yeast map kinase kinase ste7 and map kinase kinase kinase ste11. similar to the pmk1 mutant, t ... | 2005 | 15749760 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of the cell-wall invertase gene family in rice (oryza sativa l.). | cell-wall invertase (cin) catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose for the supply of carbohydrates to sink organs via an apoplastic pathway. to study the cin genes in rice (oryza sativa l.), we isolated cdna clones showing amino acid similarity to the plant cell wall invertase proteins from a search of rice sequence databases. profile analyses revealed that the cloned genes are expressed in unique patterns in various organs. for example, transcripts of oscin1, oscin2, oscin4 ... | 2005 | 15759120 |
| spliced leader rna-mediated trans-splicing in phylum rotifera. | in kinetoplastids, euglena, and four metazoan phyla, trans-splicing has been described as a mechanism for the generation of mature messenger rnas (mrnas): 5'-ends of precursor mrnas are replaced by a short spliced leader (sl) exon from a small sl rna. although the full phylogenetic range is unknown, trans-splicing has not been found in vertebrates, insects, plants, or yeast. in animal groups where it does occur, i.e., nematodes, cnidarians, platyhelminths, and primitive chordates, sl rnas do not ... | 2005 | 15788744 |
| [determination of amylose content in transgenic progenies containing an antisense waxy gene and identifying of pure lines in indica rice]. | through genetic transformation mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens, an antisense waxy gene was introduced into longtefu b line, a male sterile maintainer line in indica (oryza sativa l.). thirty transgenic plants showed integration of antisense waxy gene into the genome as determined by pcr assay, and twenty eight were confirmed by southern blotting. t1 seeds from twenty one transgenic plants showed a marked decrease of amylose content, ranging from 3%-13% less than control, and seeds from som ... | 2004 | 15789760 |
| competition among symbiotic cyanobacterial nostoc strains forming artificial associations with rice (oryza sativa). | competition among four symbiotically competent nostoc strains, colonizing rice roots, was examined using hetr-dgge (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) as strain identification. although mixed in various combinations, only one strain at a time associated with the rice roots. nostoc strain 8964:3 was the most competitive and our data suggest that its competitive fitness was dependent on rapid hormogonial spreading as displayed on agar plates. furthermore, rice roots induced hormogonia in all ... | 2005 | 15796991 |
| rapid and selective surveillance of arabidopsis thaliana genome annotations with centrifuge. | centrifuge is a user-friendly system to simultaneously access arabidopsis gene annotations and intra- and inter-organism sequence comparison data. the tool allows rapid retrieval of user-selected data for each annotated arabidopsis gene providing, in any combination, data on the following features: predicted protein properties such as mass, pi, cellular location and transmembrane domains; swiss-prot annotations; interpro domains; gene ontology records; verified transcription; blast matches to th ... | 2005 | 15817689 |
| [inducible expression of a promoter of the gene encoding barley beta-1, 3-glucanase isoenzyme giii in transgenic rice]. | a promoter of the gene encoding beta-1, 3-glucanase isoenzyme giii was amplified from barley genomic dna using pcr. the giii gene promoter, designated p(giii), was ligated upstream of the gus report gene and pgiii-gus fusion fragment was then cloned into a binary vector pcambia1300 for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. taipei 309). pcr analyses indicated that the fusion gene was present in all t0 transgenic plants. the integration of the gene into rice genomic dn ... | 2005 | 15840932 |
| functional characterization and expression analysis of a gene, osent2, encoding an equilibrative nucleoside transporter in rice suggest a function in cytokinin transport. | we identified four genes for potential equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ents) from rice (oryza sativa; designated osent1 through osent4). growth analysis of budding yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells expressing osents showed that osent2 transported adenosine and uridine with high affinity (adenosine, k(m) = 3.0 microm; uridine, k(m) = 0.7 microm). purine or pyrimidine nucleosides and 2'-deoxynucleosides strongly inhibited adenosine transport via osent2, suggesting that osent2 possesses ... | 2005 | 15849298 |
| the lpb1 gene is important for acclimation of chlamydomonas reinhardtii to phosphorus and sulfur deprivation. | organisms exhibit a diverse set of responses when exposed to low-phosphate conditions. some of these responses are specific for phosphorus limitation, including responses that enable cells to efficiently scavenge phosphate from internal and external stores via the production of high-affinity phosphate transporters and the synthesis of intracellular and extracellular phosphatases. other responses are general and occur under a number of different environmental stresses, helping coordinate cellular ... | 2005 | 15849300 |
| [analysis of paddy field evapotranspiration in north china and calculation of crop coefficient]. | the potential evapotranspiration (et0) values from 1951 to 2002 for the lower reaches of liaohe plain, north china, were estimated by penman-monteith equation, and the annual change in et0 was analyzed. by using non-weighting lysimeters at shenyang experimental station of ecology (cas) in north china, the daily evapotranspiration of flooded rice (oryza sativa l.) at the interval of 10-11 days was determined for eight seasons from 1993-2002 (except for 1997 and 1999). the results showed that the ... | 2005 | 15852960 |
| transgenic rice containing human cyp2b6 detoxifies various classes of herbicides. | the human gene for cyp2b6, a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase that inactivates xenobiotic chemicals, was introduced into oryza sativa cv. nipponbare by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. at germination, r(1) seeds of transgenic rice plants expressing cyp2b6 (cyp2b6 rice) showed a high tolerance to 5 microm metolachlor, a preemergence herbicide that is degraded by cyp2b6. thin-layer chromatography after culture with (14)c-labeled metolachlor revealed that the amounts of residual metolachlor decr ... | 2005 | 15853388 |
| pleomorphomonas oryzae gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from paddy soil of oryza sativa. | five strains of free-living diazotrophs isolated from rice were characterized by using a polyphasic approach. the strains were found to be very closely related, with 99-100 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity and dna-dna hybridization values greater than 70 %, suggesting that they represent a single species. when compared with other recognized species, they showed not more than 93 and 89 % similarity for the 16s rrna and nifh gene sequences, respectively. phylogenetic distances showed that these ... | 2005 | 15879261 |
| cloning and expression of a farnesyl diphosphate synthase in centella asiatica (l.) urban. | a cdna encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase (fps; ec2.5.1.1/ec2.5.1.10) was isolated from centella asiacita (l.) urban, using degenerate primers based on two highly conserved domains. a full-length cdna clone was subsequently isolated by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the sequence of the cafps (c. asiatica farnesyl diphosphate synthase) cdna contains an open reading frame of 1029 nucleotides encoding 343 amino acids with a molecular mass of 39.6 kda. the deduced cafps amino acid ... | 2005 | 15879717 |
| comparison of the yeast proteome to other fungal genomes to find core fungal genes. | the purpose of this research was to search for evolutionarily conserved fungal sequences to test the hypothesis that fungi have a set of core genes that are not found in other organisms, as these genes may indicate what makes fungi different from other organisms. by comparing 6355 predicted or known yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) genes to the genomes of 13 other fungi using standalone tblastn at an e-value <1e-5, a list of 3340 yeast genes was obtained with homologs present in at least 12 of 1 ... | 2005 | 15883882 |
| large-scale identification of expressed sequence tags involved in rice and rice blast fungus interaction. | to better understand the molecular basis of the defense response against the rice blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea), a large-scale expressed sequence tag (est) sequencing approach was used to identify genes involved in the early infection stages in rice (oryza sativa). six cdna libraries were constructed using infected leaf tissues harvested from 6 conditions: resistant, partially resistant, and susceptible reactions at both 6 and 24 h after inoculation. two additional libraries were constructed ... | 2005 | 15888683 |
| crystal structure of nucleoside diphosphate kinase required for coleoptile elongation in rice (oryza sativa l.). | nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndk) is a ubiquitous enzyme found in all organisms and cell types, and catalyzes the transfer of the phosphoryl group from a nucleoside triphosphate to a nucleoside diphosphate. the enzyme is involved in and required for coleoptile elongation in rice as the level of the rice ndk (rndk) changes during seed germination and the early stages of seedling growth. the expression of rice ndk gene is up-regulated in the growing coleoptiles when the anaerobic stress persists ... | 2005 | 15890279 |
| purification and characterization of a xip-type endoxylanase inhibitor from rice (oryza sativa). | a rice xip-type inhibitor was purified by affinity chromatography with an immobilized aspergillus aculeatus family 10 endoxylanase. rice xip is a monomeric protein, with a molecular mass of ca. 32 kda and a pi of ca. 5.6. its n-terminal amino acid sequence was identical to that of a rice chitinase homologue, demonstrating the difficulty when using sequence information to differentiate between endoxylanase inhibitors and (putative) chitinases in rice. rice xip inhibited different endoxylanases to ... | 2005 | 15895691 |
| effects of cracks and some key factors on emissions of nitrous oxide in paddy fields. | paddy field is a primary agricultural landscape in the south of china and is often regarded as one of main sources emitting nitrous oxide to atmosphere. the nitrous oxide emissions under a variety of paddy field practices, such as fertilization, flooding/draining management were investigated to study on agricultural activities on paddy field affect the dynamic process of the emission. under no addition of fertilizers the average emission flux of nitrous oxide was 8.55 microg/(m2 x h) during the ... | 2005 | 15900754 |
| enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic rice plants expressing a pea manganese superoxide dismutase. | we investigated the role that manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod), an important antioxidant enzyme, may play in the drought tolerance of rice. mnsod from pea (pisum sativum) under the control of an oxidative stress-inducible swpa2 promoter was introduced into chloroplasts of rice (oryza sativa) by agrobacterium-mediated transformation to develop drought-tolerant rice plants. functional expression of the pea mnsod in transgenic rice plants (t1) was revealed under drought stress induced by poly ... | 2005 | 15900889 |
| interference of three weed extracts on uptake of nutrient in three different varieties of paddy through radio tracer techniques. | interference of three dominant weed extracts viz., ageratum conyzoides l., melilotus indica all. and parthenium hysterophorus l. were examined on seed germination, seedling growth, and nutrient uptake (32p and 65zn) in three different varieties (pd-10, pd-12 and pb) of paddy (oryza sativa l.). among the three different varieties irrespective of weed extracts, pd-10 and pd-12 were resistant and pb was susceptible in terms of seed germination, radicle length and plumule dry weight; and pd-12 and p ... | 2004 | 15907065 |
| the rice (oryza sativa) blast lesion mimic mutant, blm, may confer resistance to blast pathogens by triggering multiple defense-associated signaling pathways. | here we characterized a rice (oryza sativa l.) blast lesion mimic (blm) mutant, identified previously in an n-methyl-n-nitrosourea-mutagenized population of the cultivar hwacheong (wild type). the rice blm displayed spontaneous necrotic lesion formation on the leaves during development under long-day condition and temperature shift from 28 to 24 degrees c in the absence of obvious stress/disease, and provided us with a highly reproducible and convenient experimental system in the growth chamber ... | 2005 | 15907692 |
| maximal sequence length of exact match between members from a gene family during early evolution. | mutation (substitution, deletion, insertion, etc.) in nucleotide acid causes the maximal sequence lengths of exact match (male) between paralogous members from a duplicate event to become shorter during evolution. in this work, male changes between members of 26 gene families from four representative species (arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa, mus musculus and homo sapiens) were investigated. comparative study of paralogous' male and amino acid substitution rate (d(a)<0.5) indicated that a clos ... | 2005 | 15909329 |
| oslsd1, a rice zinc finger protein, regulates programmed cell death and callus differentiation. | the arabidopsis lsd1 and lol1 proteins both contain three conserved zinc finger domains and have antagonistic effects on plant programmed cell death (pcd). in this study, a rice (oryza sativa) functional homolog of lsd1, designated oslsd1, was identified. the expression of oslsd1 was light-induced or dark-suppressed. overexpression of oslsd1 driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter accelerated callus differentiation in transformed rice tissues and increased chlorophyll b content in tr ... | 2005 | 15915636 |