| molecular identification of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum by a duplex pcr assay. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum (s gallinarum) and biovar pullorum (s pullorum) are 2 poultry pathogens that cause major economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. control of both diseases mainly relies on the adoption of biosecurity programs, and success is dependent on accurate and fast detection. based on this concept, we developed a duplex pcr assay, targeting 2 chromosomal sequences, which allowed us to precisely identify and differentiate s ... | 2016 | 27216724 |
| a critical role of bacterioferritin in salmonella pullorum-induced ifn-β expression in df-1 cells. | salmonella enterica serovar pullorum (s. pullorum) causes pullorum disease in poultry and results in great economic losses to the poultry industry. although an eradication program has been successfully performed in some countries, it remains a major threat to countries with poor poultry disease surveillance. currently there are no effective control measures for pullorum disease except eradication. in particular, the pathogenesis of s. pullorum infection is still largely unknown. here we identifi ... | 2016 | 26870001 |
| development of a novel hexa-plex pcr method for identification and serotyping of salmonella species. | salmonella is one of the most important foodborne pathogens, which causes a huge economic burden worldwide. to detect salmonella rapidly is very meaningful in preventing salmonellosis and decreasing economic losses. currently, isolation of salmonella is confirmed by biochemical and serobased serotyping methods, which are time consuming, labor intensive, and complicated. to solve this problem, a hexa-plex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed using comparative genomics analysis and ... | 2014 | 24066904 |
| early immune dynamics following infection with salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, infantis, pullorum and gallinarum: cytokine and chemokine gene expression profile and cellular changes of chicken cecal tonsils. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica infection remains a serious problem in a wide range of animals and in man. poultry-derived food is the main source of human infection with the non-host-adapted serovars while fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are important diseases of poultry. we have assessed cecal colonization and immune responses of newly hatched and older chickens to salmonella serotypes enteritidis, infantis, gallinarum and pullorum. s. enteritidis and s. infantis colonized the ceca m ... | 2012 | 22512820 |
| immune dynamics following infection of avian macrophages and epithelial cells with typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonella enterica serovars; bacterial invasion and persistence, nitric oxide and oxygen production, differential host gene expression, nf-κb signalling and cell cytotoxicity. | poultry-derived food is a common source of infection of human with the non-host-adapted salmonellae while fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are serious diseases in poultry. development of novel immune-based control strategies against salmonella infection necessitates a better understanding of the host-pathogen interactions at the cellular level. intestinal epithelial cells are the first line of defence against enteric infections and the role of macrophages is crucial in salmonella infection and ... | 2012 | 22475571 |
| complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum rks5078. | salmonella enterica serovar pullorum is a chicken-adapted pathogen, causing pullorum disease. its strict host adaptation has been suspected to result in gene decay. to validate this hypothesis and identify the decayed genes, we sequenced the complete genome of s. pullorum rks5078. we found 263 pseudogenes in this strain and conducted functional analyses of the decayed genes. | 2012 | 22247537 |
| molecular differentiation between salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar pullorum and salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar gallinarum. | s. pullorum (sp) and s. gallinarum (sg) are very similar. they are the agents of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid, respectively, and the two diseases are responsible for economic losses in poultry production. although sp and sg are difficult to be differentiated in routine laboratory procedures, the ability to metabolize ornithine is a biochemical test that may be used to achieve this aim. while sp is able to decarboxylate this amino acid, sg is not. however, the isolation of strains showing at ... | 2009 | 24031341 |
| retrospective investigation of cataract management in avian species in a zoologic collection. | a review of avian cataracts at the wildlife conservation society's bronx zoo between 1992 and 2011 was conducted. ninety cataracts in 54 birds from 42 species were identified. cataracts were found primarily during examination for ocular abnormalities (29/54, 53.7%) or opportunistically (13/54, 24.1%) and were most commonly diagnosed as mature (22/90, 24.4%). systemic medical conditions diagnosed in these birds included west nile virus (4/54, 7.4%), head trauma (3/54, 5.6%), plumbism and salmonel ... | 2015 | 26667543 |
| identification by pcr signature-tagged mutagenesis of attenuated salmonella pullorum mutants and corresponding genes in a chicken embryo model. | a key feature of the fowl-specific pathogen salmonella pullorum is its vertical transmission to progeny via the egg. in this study, pcr signature-tagged mutagenesis identified nine genes of a strain of s. pullorum that contributed to survival in the chicken embryo during incubation. the genes were involved in invasion, cell division, metabolism and bacterial defence. the competition index in vivo and in vitro together with a virulence evaluation for chicken embryos of all nine mutant strains con ... | 2017 | 28089946 |
| inductive expression of the nod1 signalling pathway in chickens infected with salmonella pullorum. | 1. the aim of this study was to describe the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (nod1) receptor signalling in chicken. 2. tissue-specific expression analysis of nod1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (ripk2), nuclear factor kappa b (nf-κb) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (mapk11 or p38) by quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) revealed their wide distribution in various organs and tissues. 3. salmonella pullorum infection activated nod1 re ... | 2017 | 28084794 |
| expression patterns of nlrc5 and key genes in the stat1 pathway following infection with salmonella pullorum. | nlrc5, a protein belonging to the nod-like receptor protein family (nlrs), is highly expressed in immune tissues and cells. nlrc5 plays an important role in the immune response of humans, where its regulatory mechanism has been elucidated. however, the function and regulation of nlrc5 in chickens remains unclear. in this study, temporal expression characteristics of nlrc5 and associated genes in the stat1 pathway in chickens following infection with salmonella pullorum were investigated using qu ... | 2017 | 27771450 |
| myd88 polymorphisms and association with susceptibility to salmonella pullorum. | myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (myd88), a universal adapter protein, plays an important role in activating the nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) and regulating the expression of proinflammatory genes like tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and interleukin-1 (il-1), which were highly involved in salmonella pullorum infection. to detect the relationship between polymorphisms of the myd88 gene and salmonella pullorum disease, we screened the coding region (cds) of the myd88 gene by dna pool cons ... | 2015 | 26881204 |
| [construction and characterization of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) deletion mutant of salmonella pullorum s06004]. | to research the pathogenicity of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) deletion mutant of salmonella pullorum and preliminary explore the feasibility of developing safe attenuated salmonella pullorum candidate vaccine strain. | 2015 | 26762028 |
| a nonenzymatic optical immunoassay strategy for detection of salmonella infection based on blue silica nanoparticles. | a novel nonenzymatic optical immunoassay strategy was for the first time designed and utilized for sensitive detection of antibody to salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum (s. pullorum and s. gallinarum) in serum. the optical immunoassay strategy was based on blue silica nanoparticles (blue-sinps) and magnetic beads (mb). to construct such an optical immunoassay system, the blue-sinps were first synthesized by inverse microemulsion method, characterized by sem, zeta potential and ftir. t ... | 2015 | 26526916 |
| descriptive survey and salmonella surveillance of pastured poultry layer farms in california. | while pasture-raised poultry comprises a small portion of the commercial poultry industry in north america, these alternative rearing systems have become increasingly popular. as such, it is critical to improve our understanding of husbandry practices and prevalence of zoonotic and epizoonotic diseases in these systems. this research reviews the results of a survey sent to 82 commercial pastured poultry farms in california. while the survey response was low (13.4%), it was enhanced by detailed i ... | 2017 | 27744297 |
| identification and characterization of regions of difference between the salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum and the salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum genomes. | salmonella gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe septicaemic disease that affects birds of all ages, whereas s. pullorum causes pullorum disease, a systemic disorder affecting primarily young birds. a proportion of birds with pullorum disease become carriers and are thereby able to transmit s. pullorum vertically. although these two pathogens cause distinct diseases, they are otherwise phenotypically and genetically similar. therefore, the small variations that lead to the ... | 2015 | 25497350 |
| safety, protective immunity, and diva capability of a rough mutant salmonella pullorum vaccine candidate in broilers. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum (salmonella pullorum) is highly adapted to chickens causing an acute systemic disease that results in high mortality. vaccination represents one approach for promoting animal health, food safety and reducing environmental persistence in salmonella control. an important consideration is that salmonella vaccination in poultry should not interfere with the salmonellosis monitoring program. this is the basis of the diva (differen ... | 2017 | 28424675 |
| genetic analysis of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum based on characterization and evolution of crispr sequence. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum (s. pullorum) is the cause of pullorum disease, characterized by white diarrhea, which leads to high mortality in poultry. in this study, we aimed to assess the genetic diversity of 655 s. pullorum strains from 1962 to 2015 in china, europe, and south america. a sequence typing scheme based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) was used to reveal the genetic relationships among these strains in this study. ove ... | 2017 | 28619172 |
| development of a multiplex qpcr in real time for quantification and differential diagnosis of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum. | currently there are 2659 salmonella serovars. the host-specific biovars salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum cause systemic infections in food-producing and wild birds. fast diagnosis is crucial to control the dissemination in avian environments. the present work describes the development of a multiplex qpcr in real time using a low-cost dna dye (sybr green) to identify and quantify these biovars. primers were chosen based on genomic regions of difference (rod) and optimized to control ... | 2017 | 28589774 |
| rapid electrochemical quantification of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum based on glucose oxidase and antibody-modified silica nanoparticles. | in this article, a facile and sensitive electrochemical method for quantification of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum (s. pullorum and s. gallinarum) was established by monitoring glucose consumption with a personal glucose meter (pgm). antibody-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (igg-mnps) were used to capture and enrich s. pullorum and s. gallinarum, and igg-mnps-s. pullorum and igg-mnps-s. gallinarum complexes were magnetically separated from a sample using a permanent magnet. ... | 2017 | 28429065 |
| evaluation of protective efficacy of a novel inactivated salmonella pullorum ghost vaccine against virulent challenge in chickens. | salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum is the causative agent of pullorum disease in poultry, an acute systemic disease that results in a high mortality rate in young chickens. vaccines have been considered in many developing countries where levels of infection are high and eradication is not a realistic option. an attenuated strain combined with protein e-mediated cell lysis was used to generate a safety enhanced salmonella pullorum ghost vaccine. immune responses and protection induced by ghost ... | 2016 | 27090623 |
| virulence determinants of salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum identified by pcr signature-tagged mutagenesis and the spic mutant as a candidate live attenuated vaccine. | salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum (s. gallinarum biovar pullorum) is the causative agent of pullorum disease (pd) in chickens which results in considerable economic losses to the poultry industries in developing countries. pcr-signature tagged mutagenesis was used to identify virulence determinants of s. gallinarum biovar pullorum and novel attenuated live vaccine candidates for use against this disease. a library of 1800 signature-tagged s. gallinarum biovar pullorum mutants was constructed ... | 2014 | 24355532 |
| comparison of 3 culture methods and pcr assays for salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum detection in poultry feed. | to detect salmonella gallinarum or salmonella pullorum in artificially contaminated poultry feed, 9 culture combinations were compared, including 3 preenrichment/enrichment methods (tryptic soy broth plus ferrous sulfate/tetrathionate hajna, tryptic soy broth plus ferrous sulfate/selenite cystine broth, and salmosyst) in combination with 3 selective agars (xylose lysine desoxicholate agar added with tergitol 4, ef-18, and önöz), respectively. additionally, a single pcr technique was applied comb ... | 2013 | 23687146 |
| a comparative study of culture methods and pcr assay for salmonella detection in poultry drinking water. | the present work compared 2 culture methods and pcr assays for motile and nonmotile salmonella detection using artificially contaminated poultry drinking water. the specificity was 1 for all methods studied. the accuracy and sensitivity were 1 for all motile strains, whereas these parameters were between 0 and 0.7 for nonmotile salmonella strains. the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 1 for all motile salmonella strains in the 3 methods used. nonmotile salmonella strai ... | 2013 | 23243252 |
| the long view: salmonella--the last forty years. | as a part of the 40th anniversary celebrations of avian pathology we review the last four decades of salmonella research which has led to major progress in our understanding of the bacteriology and infection biology of the organism through the huge advances in molecular biology and immunology that have accompanied technical advances in biology generally. in many countries combinations of improvements in management, sometimes under legislative pressure and supported by a number of basic biologica ... | 2012 | 23025669 |
| o-polysaccharide is important for salmonella pullorum survival in egg albumen, and virulence and colonization in chicken embryos. | the pathogen salmonella pullorum is the causative agent of persistent systemic infection of poultry, leading to economic losses in developing countries due to morbidity, mortality and reduction in egg production. these infections may result in vertical transmission to eggs or progeny. limited information is available regarding the mechanisms involved in the survival of salmonella pullorum in egg albumen and developing chicken embryos. hence, we investigated the role of o-polysaccharide in the co ... | 2017 | 28470101 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of locally isolated salmonella strains used in preparation of salmonella antigens in egypt. | this work was conducted to study the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of locally isolated salmonella strains (salmonella pullorum, salmonella enteritidis, and salmonella typhimurium) from poultry used in the preparation of salmonella antigens in egypt. | 2016 | 28096617 |
| serovars and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella spp. isolated from turkey and broiler carcasses in southern brazil between 2004 and 2006. | salmonella spp. causes diseases in fowls, when species-specific serovars (salmonella pullorum and s.gallinarum) are present in flocks, and public health problems, when non-typhoid serovars are isolated, as well as possible bacterial resistance induced by the preventive and therapeutic use of antimicrobials in animal production. this study describes the serovars and bacterial resistance of 280 salmonella spp. strains isolated from turkey and broiler carcasses in southern brazil between 2004 and 2 ... | 2016 | 27007562 |
| [identification of rpoe gene associated with biofilm formation of salmonella pullorum]. | in order to identify sigma factor associated with biofilm formation of salmonella pullorum, we determined the gene expression in the wild type strain and biological characteristics of deletion mutants. | 2015 | 25958695 |
| immunosensor based on electrodeposition of gold-nanoparticles and ionic liquid composite for detection of salmonella pullorum. | in order to increase the reproducibility and stability of electrochemical immunosensor, which is a key issue for its application and popularization, an accurate and stable immunosensor for rapid detection of salmonella pullorum (s. pullorum) was proposed in this study. the immunosensor was fabricated by modifying screen-printed carbon electrode (spce) with electrodeposited gold nanoparticles (aunps), hrp-labeled anti-s. pullorum and ionic liquids (ils) (aunp/hrp/il). aunps are electrodeposited o ... | 2014 | 25193438 |
| antimicrobial resistance, presence of integrons and biofilm formation of salmonella pullorum isolates from eastern china (1962-2010). | three hundred and thirty-seven isolates of salmonella pullorum from eastern china between 1962 and 2010 were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility (disk diffusion method), the presence of integrons (polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing) and the ability to form biofilms (semi-quantitative adherence assay). two hundred and fifty-eight isolates (76.6%) exhibited multiple drug resistance (mdr; resistant to at least three different classes of antimicrobials), and the level of dru ... | 2013 | 23656571 |
| [construction of a temperature-sensitive and replication-defective t-vector and its application for gene knockout in salmonella pullorum]. | knockout is an important method for gene function study, while vector is the core of gene knockout. in order to obtain an effective vector for rapid construction of mutant and essentiality identification of the corresponding gene, we constructed a recombinant plasmid named pldm-t based on the temperature-sensitive and replication- defective plasmid pldm1 by inserting an xcm i adapter into the ecor i and pst i sites of pidm1. digesting with xcm i, pidm-t can be prepared as a linear t-vector for p ... | 2012 | 23289313 |
| protective effects of zinc-bearing clinoptilolite on broilers challenged with salmonella pullorum. | this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc-bearing clinoptilolite (zncp) on broilers challenged with salmonella pullorum for a 21-d feeding trial. a total of 240 one-day-old chickens was allocated into 4 treatment groups: 1) nonchallenged control (con) fed basal diet; 2) s. pullorum-challenged control (scc) fed basal diet; 3) salmonella challenge fed basal diet plus antibiotic (ant); 4) salmonella challenge fed basal diet plus 0.2% zncp (zncp). compared with con, salmonella challen ... | 2012 | 22802176 |
| influence of truncation of avian β-defensin-4 on biological activity and peptide-membrane interaction. | defensins are important components in host defense systems. the therapeutic use of β-defensins is limited by their innate toxicity and high cost due to the size and complex disulfide pairing. in this study, we used linear avian β- defensin-4 (rl38) without disulfide bonds as model peptide to derive two peptides by the truncation. gl23 is the c-terminal truncated sequence of rl38, and gli23 is the derivative of gl23 by the replacement of cysteines with isoleucines. results showed that these pepti ... | 2012 | 22316306 |
| the role of the cockerel in the dissemination of pullorum disease. | | 1951 | 14821866 |
| studies on pullorum disease. | | 1950 | 17648468 |
| studies in pullorum disease; infection of adult turkeys by mouth and by contact with infected hens. | | 1949 | 18119123 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xxiii. infection of adult turkeys by mouth and by contact with infected hens. | | 1949 | 17648396 |
| the control of pullorum disease. | | 1947 | 18859870 |
| sodium sulfamerazine in the treatment of pullorum disease. | | 1947 | 20253160 |
| studies in pullorum disease; comparison of centrifuged and incubated tests. | | 1947 | 20253144 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xviii. comparison of centrifuged and incubated tests. | | 1947 | 17648267 |
| field studies of sulfamerazine in the control of pullorum and some other diseases of domestic birds. | | 1947 | 20295942 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xvi. disinfection of incubators with propylene and triethylene glycol. | | 1947 | 17648242 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xv. trial modifications of tube and stained whole blood antigens. | | 1947 | 17648233 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xiv.-infection in the male and experiments on transmission to the female. | | 1946 | 17648226 |
| studies in pullorum disease: xi. the effect of sulfamerazine on artificially and and naturally infected chicks. | | 1946 | 17648213 |
| studies on pullorum disease. | | 1946 | 17648193 |
| studies in pullorum disease: viii. the possible relationship of non-specific reactions to the sensitizing influence of ingested proteins. | | 1946 | 17648178 |
| studies in pullorum disease: vii. transmission of infection to healthy birds by contact. | | 1945 | 17648166 |
| studies in pullorum disease: vi. comparison of whole blood and tube tests with regular and variant antigen and a combinàtion of the two antigens. | | 1945 | 17648146 |
| studies in pullorum disease: v. efficiency of homologous and heterologous antigens in detecting reacting birds in a variant-infected flock. | | 1945 | 17648140 |
| studies in pullorum disease: iv. the effect of bacteriophage on regular and variant strains of s. pullorum. | | 1945 | 17648104 |
| fowl infection like pullorum disease. | | 1941 | 17647770 |
| antimicrobial resistance in bacterial poultry pathogens: a review. | antimicrobial resistance (amr) is a global health threat, and antimicrobial usage and amr in animal production is one of its contributing sources. poultry is one of the most widespread types of meat consumed worldwide. poultry flocks are often raised under intensive conditions using large amounts of antimicrobials to prevent and to treat disease, as well as for growth promotion. antimicrobial resistant poultry pathogens may result in treatment failure, leading to economic losses, but also be a s ... | 2017 | 28848739 |