| motility-regulated mucin association of serpulina pilosicoli, the agent of colonic spirochetosis of humans and animals. | colonic spirochetosis is a disease of humans and animals characterized by colonization of the colonic mucus gel and intimate attachment of serpulina pilosicoli to the apical membrane of enterocytes. motility-regulated mucin association plays a key role in colonic infection by the related spirochete serpulina hyodysenteriae, the cause of swine dysentery. in this study the chemotaxis of serpulina pilosicoli porcine isolate p43/6/78, human isolate sp16, and canine isolate 16242-94 was examined by a ... | 1999 | 10659359 |
| efficacy of antimicrobial treatments and vaccination regimens for control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and streptococcus suis coinfection of nursery pigs. | seventy-six, crossbred, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv)-free pigs were weaned at 12 days of age and randomly assigned to seven groups of 10 to 11 pigs each. pigs in group 1 served as unchallenged controls. pigs in groups 2 to 7 were challenged intranasally with 2 ml of high-virulence prrsv isolate vr-2385 (10(4.47) 50% tissue culture infective doses per 2 ml) on day 0 of the study (30 days of age). seven days after prrsv challenge, pigs in groups 2 to 7 were challenge ... | 2000 | 10699012 |
| influences of diet and vaccination on colonisation of pigs by the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether methods used to control swine dysentery (sd), caused by the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, would also be effective in controlling porcine intestinal spirochaetosis (pis) caused by the related spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli. weaner pigs in groups i (n=8) and ii (n=6) received a standard weaner pig diet based on wheat and lupins, whilst group iii (n=6) received an experimental diet based on cooked wh ... | 2000 | 10731619 |
| prevalence of brachyspira species isolated from diarrhoeic pigs in brazil. | pathogenic intestinal spirochaetes of pigs include brachyspira (formerly serpulina) hyodysenteriae, the cause of swine dysentery, and brachyspira pilosicoli, the cause of porcine colonic spirochetosis (pcs). the purpose of this study was to assess the relative importance of brachyspira species in diarrhoeal disease of growing pigs on farms in southern brazil. the intensity and pattern of haemolysis, the production of indole and the hydrolysis of hippurate by reference and field porcine intestina ... | 2000 | 10791468 |
| [serotyping of strains of serpulina hyosenteriae isolated form swine with porcine dysentery symptoms in the province of buenos aires]. | seventeen serpulina hyodysenteriae strains isolated from faeces, rectal swabs and intestinal contents of pigs with swine dysentery, from farms located in buenos aires province were serotyped. samples on selective media (trypticase soy agar added by 5% ovine blood, 400 mg/l spectinomicin, 30 mg/l colistin, 30 mg/l vancomycin) were streaked and incubated under anaerobic atmosphere for 72 h at 42 degrees c. suspected s. hyodysenteriae growth were identified by strong beta-hemolytic zone, without co ... | 1999 | 10932752 |
| detection of same sized 4.3 kb extrachromosomal dna elements in weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes and serpulina pilosicoli of swine origin. | agarose gel electrophoresis of total dna from italian strains of weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes (w beta his) and porcine serpulina pilosicoli reference strain p43/6/78 showed an extrachromosomal band having the same size and migrating at 4.3 kb. the same results were observed after agarose gel electrophoresis of dna obtained from the supernatant fluids of the spirochaetal cultures analysed. swine serpulina hyodysenteriae reference strain p18a was comparatively analysed and ... | 2000 | 10946400 |
| reduction in inflammation following blockade of cd18 or cd29 adhesive pathways during the acute phase of a spirochetal-induced colitis in mice. | colitis develops in mice infected with brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae. numerous granulocytes (pmns) are evident in cecal tissue sections 24-48 h post-infection. the role of pmns was assessed by utilizing monoclonal antibodies specific for cd18 or cd29 to block pmn recruitment. macroscopic lesions were less severe in mice treated with either monoclonal antibody compared to lesions observed in isotype control-treated mice. while these monoclonal antibodies may inhibit extravasation of othe ... | 2000 | 11031123 |
| necrosis of lung epithelial cells during infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis is preceded by cell permeation. | mycobacterium tuberculosis establishes infection, progresses towards disease, and is transmitted from the alveolus of the lung. however, the role of the alveolar epithelium in any of these pathogenic processes of tuberculosis is unclear. in this study, lung epithelial cells (a549) were used as a model in which to examine cytotoxicity during infection with either virulent or avirulent mycobacteria in order to further establish the role of the lung epithelium during tuberculosis. infection of a549 ... | 2000 | 11035739 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis discriminates bordetella bronchiseptica isolates. | one hundred ninety-five bordetella bronchiseptica isolates from 12 different host species worldwide were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis (rea). these isolates had previously been categorized into 19 pvuii ribotypes. twenty restriction endonucleases were evaluated for use in rea. digestion of chromosomal dna with hinfi, followed by submarine electrophoresis in agarose gels and staining with ethidium bromide, produced dna fragments in the 4.0- to 10-kb range, which readily discriminat ... | 2000 | 11101569 |
| antigen-specific proliferation of porcine cd8alphaalpha cells to an extracellular bacterial pathogen. | a vaccine inducing protective immunity to a spirochaete-induced colitis of pigs predominantly stimulates expansion of cd8+ cells in vivo and in antigen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures. cd8+ cells, however, are rarely considered necessary for protection against extracellular bacterial pathogens. in the present study, pigs recovering from colitis resulting from experimental infection with brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae had increased percentages of peripheral blood cd4- cd8+ (alphaalpha-expr ... | 2000 | 11106936 |
| phylogenetic evidence for novel and genetically different intestinal spirochetes resembling brachyspira aalborgi in the mucosa of the human colon as revealed by 16s rdna analysis. | intestinal spirochetes (brachyspira spp.) are causative agents of intestinal disorders in animals and humans. phylogenetic analysis of cloned 16s rrna genes from biopsies of the intestinal mucosa of the colon from two swedish 60-years old adults without clinical symptoms revealed the presence of intestinal spirochetes. seventeen clones from two individuals and 11 reference strains were analyzed and the intestinal spirochetes could be divided into two lineages, the brachyspira aalborgi and the br ... | 2000 | 11108014 |
| macrolide resistance in campylobacter coli of animal origin in denmark. | | 2001 | 11221726 |
| a novel method for isolation of brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae from pigs with swine dysentery in italy. | brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae was isolated from 10 of 11 pigs with clinically suspected swine dysentery in six herds in northern italy. all strains were successfully isolated in the selective blood agar modified medium with spectinomycin and rifampin (bam-sr) currently used in our laboratory to isolate b. (s.) pilosicoli of human origin, after pre-treatment of intestinal material with spectinomycin and rifampin in foetal calf serum. isolates had phenotypic characteristics typical of b. ... | 2001 | 11278122 |
| 16s ribosomal dna terminal restriction fragment pattern analysis of bacterial communities in feces of rats fed lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm. | 16s ribosomal dna terminal restriction fragment patterns from rat fecal samples were analyzed to track the dynamics of lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm and discern bacterial populations that changed during feeding with ncfm. lactobacillus johnsonii and ruminococcus flavefaciens were tentatively identified as such bacterial populations. the presence of l. johnsonii was confirmed by isolation from feces. | 2001 | 11282651 |
| colonic infection by bilophila wadsworthia in pigs. | bilophila wadsworthia is a common inhabitant of the human colon and has been associated with appendicitis and other local sites of inflammation in humans. challenge-exposure or prevalence studies in laboratory and other animals have not been reported. b. wadsworthia is closely related phylogenetically to desulfovibrio sp. and lawsonia intracellularis, which are considered colon pathogens. we developed a pcr specific for b. wadsworthia dna. samples of bacterial dna extracted from the feces of pig ... | 2001 | 11283090 |
| first evidence for gene replacement in leptospira spp. inactivation of l. biflexa flab results in non-motile mutants deficient in endoflagella. | leptospira spp. offer many advantages as model bacteria for the study of spirochaetes. however, homologous recombination between introduced dna and the corresponding chromosomal loci has never been demonstrated. a unique feature of spirochaetes is the presence of endoflagella between the outer membrane sheath and the cell cylinder. we chose the flab flagellin gene, constituting the flagellar core, as a target for gene inactivation in the saprophyte leptospira biflexa. the amino acid sequence of ... | 2001 | 11298286 |
| brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae gyrb mutants and interstrain transfer of coumermycin a(1) resistance. | to further develop genetic techniques for the enteropathogen brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the gyrb gene of this spirochete was isolated from a lambdazapii library of strain b204 genomic dna and sequenced. the putative protein encoded by this gene exhibited up to 55% amino acid sequence identity with gyrb proteins of various bacterial species, including other spirochetes. b. hyodysenteriae coumermycin a(1)-resistant (cn(r)) mutant strains, both spontaneous and uv induced, were isolated by plating ... | 2001 | 11319078 |
| new tests for syphilis: rational design of a pcr method for detection of treponema pallidum in clinical specimens using unique regions of the dna polymerase i gene. | a sensitive and specific pcr method to detect treponema pallidum in clinical specimens was developed. pcr primers were designed based on two unique features of the dna polymerase i gene (pola). the first distinctive characteristic is that the region codes for a high cysteine content and has low homology with similar regions of dna polymerase i gene from known microorganisms. the second unique feature is the presence of four insertions in the gene. pcr tests using primers designed on the basis th ... | 2001 | 11326018 |
| the complete genome sequence of the murine respiratory pathogen mycoplasma pulmonis. | mycoplasma pulmonis is a wall-less eubacterium belonging to the mollicutes (trivial name, mycoplasmas) and responsible for murine respiratory diseases. the genome of strain uab ctip is composed of a single circular 963 879 bp chromosome with a g + c content of 26.6 mol%, i.e. the lowest reported among bacteria, ureaplasma urealyticum apart. this genome contains 782 putative coding sequences (cdss) covering 91.4% of its length and a function could be assigned to 486 cdss whilst 92 matched the gen ... | 2001 | 11353084 |
| survival of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and b. pilosicoli in terrestrial microcosms. | the survival of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli was investigated at 10 degrees c in laboratory microcosms consisting of soil, porcine faeces, and in soil mixed with 10% porcine faeces, respectively. by plate spreading, survival of b. hyodysenteriae was found to be 10, 78 and 112 days in soil, soil mixed with 10% faeces, and in porcine faeces, respectively. the identities of the colonies on the plates were confirmed using pcr targeting 23s rdna for specific detection of b. h ... | 2001 | 11356316 |
| cloning and characterization of the flavobacterium johnsoniae gliding motility genes gldd and glde. | cells of flavobacterium johnsoniae move over surfaces by a process known as gliding motility. the mechanism of this form of motility is not known. cells of f. johnsoniae propel latex spheres along their surfaces, which is thought to be a manifestation of the motility machinery. three of the genes that are required for f. johnsoniae gliding motility, glda, gldb, and ftsx, have recently been described. tn4351 mutagenesis was used to identify another gene, gldd, that is needed for gliding. tn4351-i ... | 2001 | 11418556 |
| comparison of cultivation and pcr-hybridization for detection of salmonella in porcine fecal and water samples. | a total of 150 fecal and water samples from four swine farms were tested for the presence of salmonella enterica using different enrichment techniques as follows: (i) 92 fecal samples from nursery and farrowing barns at three swine farms were preenriched overnight in tryptic soy broth (tsb) at 37 degrees c followed by overnight enrichment in rappaport-vassiliadis 10 broth (rv10) at 42 degrees c; (ii) 24 water samples from the third farm were preenriched overnight in 3mc broth at 37 degrees c fol ... | 2001 | 11427557 |
| risk factors for intestinal pathogens in danish finishing pig herds. | the objective of this investigation was to identify risk factors for infection with the intestinal bacteria: lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, serpulina intermedia, brachyspira innocens, brachyspira pilosicoli and swine-pathogenic escherichia coli (serogroups o138, o139, o141 and o149) in danish finishing pig herds.a total of 79 herds was randomly selected and visited during 1998. from each herd, 20 faecal samples were collected from individual pigs weighing 30-50 kg. in tota ... | 2001 | 11448502 |
| transduction by phibb-1, a bacteriophage of borrelia burgdorferi. | we previously described a bacteriophage of the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi designated phibb-1. this phage packages the host complement of the 32-kb circular plasmids (cp32s), a group of homologous molecules found throughout the genus borrelia. to demonstrate the ability of phibb-1 to package and transduce dna, a kanamycin resistance cassette was inserted into a cloned fragment of phage dna, and the resulting construct was transformed into b. burgdorferi ca-11.2a cells. the kan casset ... | 2001 | 11466280 |
| borrelia burgdorferi reva antigen is a surface-exposed outer membrane protein whose expression is regulated in response to environmental temperature and ph. | borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, produces reva protein during the early stages of mammalian infection. b. burgdorferi apparently uses temperature as a cue to its location, producing proteins required for infection of warm-blooded animals at temperatures corresponding to host body temperature, but does not produce such virulence factors at cooler, ambient temperatures. we have observed that b. burgdorferi regulates expression of reva in response to temperature, with the ... | 2001 | 11500397 |
| dietary conjugated linoleic acid modulates phenotype and effector functions of porcine cd8(+) lymphocytes. | in vivo vaccination and challenge studies have demonstrated that cd8(+) lymphocytes are essential for the development of cell-mediated protection against intracellular pathogens and neoplastic cells. depletion of peripheral blood cd8(+) cells interferes with clearance of viruses and intracellular fungi, induction of delayed type hypersensitivity responses and antitumoral activity. in contrast to humans or mice, porcine peripheral cd8(+) lymphocytes are characterized by a heterogeneous expression ... | 2001 | 11533281 |
| motility and chemotaxis in tissue penetration of oral epithelial cell layers by treponema denticola. | the ability to penetrate tissue is an important virulence factor for pathogenic spirochetes. previous studies have recognized the role of motility in allowing pathogenic spirochetes to invade tissues and migrate to sites favorable for bacterial proliferation. however, the nature of the movements, whether they are random or controlled by chemotaxis systems, has yet to be established. in this study, we addressed the role of motility and chemotaxis in tissue penetration by the periodontal disease-a ... | 2001 | 11553571 |
| physiological ecology of clostridium glycolicum rd-1, an aerotolerant acetogen isolated from sea grass roots. | an anaerobic, h(2)-utilizing bacterium, strain rd-1, was isolated from the highest growth-positive dilution series of a root homogenate prepared from the sea grass halodule wrightii. cells of rd-1 were gram-positive, spore-forming, motile rods that were linked by connecting filaments. acetate was produced in stoichiometries indicative of an acetyl coenzyme a (acetyl-coa) pathway-dependent metabolism when rd-1 utilized h(2)-co(2), formate, lactate, or pyruvate. growth on sugars or ethylene glycol ... | 2001 | 11571179 |
| diagnostic examination of human intestinal spirochetosis by fluorescent in situ hybridization for brachyspira aalborgi, brachyspira pilosicoli, and other species of the genus brachyspira (serpulina). | human intestinal spirochetosis, characterized by end-on attachment of densely packed spirochetes to the epithelial surface of the large intestines as a fringe has been associated with the weakly beta-hemolytic spirochetes brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli. in this study, fluorescent in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes targeting 16s or 23s rrna of b. aalborgi, b. pilosicoli, and the genus brachyspira was applied to 40 sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-em ... | 2001 | 11682538 |
| molecular characterization of thermoinduced immunogenic proteins q1p42 and hsp15 of leptospira interrogans. | leptospira interrogans is a mammalian pathogen which must adapt to a range of new environmental conditions including temperature change when it infects new hosts. in vitro studies of organisms cultured at 30 degrees c and shifted to 37 degrees c for 5 to 7 days have confirmed that synthesis of several proteins involved in equine infection is regulated in response to temperature change (j. e. nally, j. f. timoney, and b. stevenson, infect. immun. 69:400-404, 2001). in order to specifically identi ... | 2001 | 11705941 |
| the search for brachyspira outer membrane proteins that interact with the host. | little is known about the outer membrane structure of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli or the role of outer membrane proteins (omps) in host colonization and the development of disease. the isolation of outer membrane vesicles from b. hyodysenteriae has confirmed that cholesterol is a significant outer membrane constituent and that it may impart unique characteristics to the lipid bilayer structure, including a reduced density. unique proteins that have been identified in th ... | 2001 | 11708742 |
| the use of culture, pooled samples and pcr for identification of herds infected with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | the sensitivity of culturing brachyspira hyodysenteriae was determined after sampling with swabs from porcine fecal specimens inoculated with tenfold dilutions of a field strain of these microbes. after storage of swabs, brachyspira hyodysenteriae was recovered throughout the first 3 weeks after inoculation from feces with more than 140 cells/g. viable spirochetes could still be recovered after up to 83 days of storage from feces, with 1.4 x 10(6) cells or more per gram. culture for brachyspira ... | 2001 | 11708745 |
| serologic detection of brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae infections. | swine dysentery (sd) caused by the intestinal spirochete brachyspira hyodysenteriae is an economically important disease in pig-producing countries throughout the world. to date, no specific serologic assay is commercially available for the diagnosis of pigs with sd. several serologic techniques have been identified in the past; however, these tests have all used either whole-cell proteins or lipopolysaccharide (lps) as the antigen. whole-cell antigens are plagued with false-positive reactions d ... | 2001 | 11708746 |
| susceptibility to pleuromutilins in brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae. | the pleuromutilins are the only antimicrobial agents with sufficient minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values left to treat swine dysentery in sweden. other antimicrobials are either not approved for use against swine dysentery or only partly active against brachyspira hyodysenteriae. to date, in sweden two pleuromutilins, tiamulin and valnemulin, are authorized for use in pigs. this study includes a comparison between mics of tiamulin and valnemulin for swedish field isolates of b. hyodyse ... | 2001 | 11708748 |
| minimal prophylactic concentration of dietary zinc compounds in a mouse model of swine dysentery. | dietary supplementation with 6000 mg of zn2+/kg of feed has been shown to modify the clinicopathologic expression of brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection in a laboratory mouse model of swine dysentery. however, this concentration impaired the body weight gain of the mice. the purpose of the present study was to determine a minimal prophylactic concentration of feed-grade zinc compounds that would not affect the growth of mice challenge-exposed with b. hyodysenteriae. a total of 440, 6- to 8-week ... | 2001 | 11708749 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility testing of australian isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae using a new broth dilution method. | the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 76 field isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae from different states of australia were tested in a newly developed broth dilution procedure. the antimicrobial agents used were tiamulin, valnemulin, tylosin, erythromycin, lincomycin and clindamycin. the results from the broth dilution susceptibility testing of 39 of the isolates were compared with results obtained for the same isolates using the agar dilution method. amongst the isolates tested by broth dilu ... | 2002 | 11731165 |
| transduction-mediated transfer of unmarked deletion and point mutations through use of counterselectable suicide vectors. | a challenge in strain construction is that unmarked deletion and nucleotide substitution alleles generally do not confer selectable phenotypes. we describe here a rapid and efficient strategy for transferring such alleles via generalized transduction. the desired allele is first constructed and introduced into the chromosome by conventional allelic-exchange methods. the suicide vector containing the same allele is then integrated into the mutant chromosome, generating a tandem duplication homozy ... | 2002 | 11741872 |
| biological characterization of lipopolysaccharide from treponema pectinovorum. | this study investigated the endotoxic and biological properties of purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) isolated from an oral spirochete, treponema pectinovorum. endotoxicity, measured by limulus amoebocyte lysate kinetic assay, showed that the lps contained 1.28 endotoxin units per microg of purified lps, which was approximately 4,000 times less than escherichia coli o55:b5 lps. to determine in vivo endotoxicity, lps responder mice were administered lps following galactosamine (galn) sensitization ... | 2002 | 11748185 |
| application of a 5' nuclease assay for detection of lawsonia intracellularis in fecal samples from pigs. | a 5' nuclease assay was developed to detect lawsonia intracellularis in porcine fecal samples. the specific probe and primers were chosen by using the 16s ribosomal dna gene as a target. the 5' nuclease assay was used with a total of 204 clinical samples, and the results were compared to those of immunohistochemistry (im) on ileal sections of the same animals. there was 91% agreement between the results of im and the 5' nuclease assay. in the 5' nuclease assay, 111 (54%) of the pigs tested posit ... | 2002 | 11880427 |
| regional eradication of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from pig herds and documentation of freedom of the disease. | the objectives of this study were to 1) screen all sow herds in a region for m. hyopneumoniae, 2) to effectuate an eradication programme in all those herds which were shown to be infected with m. hyopneumoniae, and 3) to follow the success of the screening and the eradication programmes. the ultimate goal was to eradicate m. hyopneumoniae from all member herds of a cooperative slaughterhouse (153 farrowing herds + 85 farrowing-to-finishing herds + 150 specialised finishing herds) before year 200 ... | 2001 | 11887396 |
| construction and characterization of a chea mutant of treponema denticola. | the treponema denticola chea gene, encoding the central kinase of the general chemotaxis pathway, was analyzed for its role in chemotaxis and tissue penetration. the chea gene was interrupted by insertion of an ermf-ermam gene cassette. reverse transcription-pcr confirmed that the other downstream chemotaxis genes within the same operon (chew, chex, and chey) were still expressed in the chea mutant strain. lack of chea resulted in decreased swarming on soft-agar swarm plates and failure to respo ... | 2002 | 12003957 |
| lsaa, an antigen involved in cell attachment and invasion, is expressed by lawsonia intracellularis during infection in vitro and in vivo. | lawsonia intracellularis has been identified recently as the etiological agent of proliferative enteropathies, which are characterized by intestinal epithelial hyperplasia and associated moderate immune responses. this disease complex has been reported in a broad range of animals, prevalently in pigs, and l. intracellularis has been linked with ulcerative colitis in humans. l. intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterium, and the pathogenic mechanisms used to cause disease are unknown. ... | 2002 | 12010978 |
| identification of brachyspira hyodysenteriae-specific dna fragments using representational difference analysis. | two novel brachyspira hyodysenteriae-specific dna fragments, designated as bh100 and bh400, were identified using representational difference analysis. to isolate the fragments the combined dna of the brachyspira pilosicoli, brachyspira intermedia, brachyspira murdochii and brachyspira innocens reference strains was subtracted from the genome of b. hyodysenteriae strain b204. both fragments were present in a single copy and mapped to different positions on the genome of b. hyodysenteriae b78(t). ... | 2002 | 12044671 |
| differentiation of porcine brachyspira species by a novel nox pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | a novel pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the brachyspira nox gene was developed. the restriction patterns for brachyspira hyodysenteriae, b. pilosicoli, b. intermedia, b. murdochii, and b. innocens were highly distinct with two restriction endonucleases only. the assay proved to be user-friendly and robust. | 2002 | 12089283 |
| nutritional regulation of porcine bacterial-induced colitis by conjugated linoleic acid. | excessive intake of saturated fatty acids and/or linoleic acid favors the induction of an array of lipid mediators and cytokines enhancing inflammatory responses. conversely, dietary supplementation with (n-3) fatty acids or vitamin d ameliorates inflammation and autoimmune diseases. although it was well accepted that conjugated linoleic acid (cla) prevented diseases with a common inflammatory pathogenesis (i.e., cancer and atherosclerosis), no studies were available on the roles of cla in mucos ... | 2002 | 12097686 |
| five-color flow cytometric analysis of swine lymphocytes for detection of proliferation, apoptosis, viability, and phenotype. | the objective of this study was to develop a method to simultaneously examine phenotype, proliferation, apoptosis, and death of antigen-stimulated porcine lymphocytes. | 2002 | 12116360 |
| characterization of pit, a streptococcus pneumoniae iron uptake abc transporter. | bacteria frequently have multiple mechanisms for acquiring iron, an essential micronutrient, from the environment. we have identified a four-gene streptococcus pneumoniae operon, named pit, encoding proteins with similarity to components of a putative brachyspira hyodysenteriae iron uptake abc transporter, bit. an s. pneumoniae strain containing a defined mutation in pit has impaired growth in medium containing the iron chelator ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, reduced sensitivity ... | 2002 | 12117949 |
| evaluation of large-intestinal parameters associated with dietary treatments designed to reduce the occurrence of swine dysentery. | diets containing soluble nsp (snsp) and resistant starch (rs) increase hindgut fermentation in pigs, which in turn increases the incidence of swine dysentery (sd) after infection with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. in the present study pigs were fed diets based on either wheat or sorghum, fed either raw or treated by extrusion, and/or with the addition of dietary enzymes to reduce rs and/or snsp content. the aim was to determine the effects of these treatments on pig perf ... | 2002 | 12144719 |
| molecular typing of papillomatous digital dermatitis-associated treponema isolates based on analysis of 16s-23s ribosomal dna intergenic spacer regions. | papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd), an emerging infectious disease of cattle, is characterized by painful, ulcerative foot lesions. the detection of high numbers of invasive spirochetes in pdd lesions suggests an important role for these organisms in the pathogenesis of pdd. pdd-associated spirochetes have phenotypic characteristics consistent with members of the genus treponema: partial 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequence analysis of clonal isolates from california cattle showed that they com ... | 2002 | 12202594 |
| concurrent spirochaetal infections of the feet and colon of cattle in japan. | to describe spirochaetal infections in the feet and colon of cattle affected with papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) and colitis respectively. | 2002 | 12224620 |
| potential rates of fermentation in digesta from the gastrointestinal tract of pigs: effect of feeding fermented liquid feed. | microbial catabolic capacity in digesta from the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed either dry feed or fermented liquid feed (flf) was determined with the pheneplate multisubstrate system. the in vitro technique was modified to analyze the kinetics of substrate catabolism mediated by the standing stock of enzymes (potential rates of fermentation), allowing a quantitative evaluation of the dietary effect on the catabolic capacity of the microbiota. in total, the potential rates of fermentation we ... | 2003 | 12514022 |
| glycerol-3-phosphate acquisition in spirochetes: distribution and biological activity of glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpq) among borrelia species. | relapsing-fever spirochetes achieve high cell densities (>10(8)/ml) in their host's blood, while lyme disease spirochetes do not (<10(5)/ml). this striking contrast in pathogenicity of these two groups of bacteria suggests a fundamental difference in their ability to either exploit or survive in blood. borrelia hermsii, a tick-borne relapsing-fever spirochete, contains orthologs to glpq and glpt, genes that encode glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpq) and glycerol-3-phosphate transporte ... | 2003 | 12562805 |
| construction and evaluation of a plasmid vector for the expression of recombinant lipoproteins in escherichia coli. | outer membrane lipoproteins are emerging as key targets for protective immunity to many bacterial pathogens. heterologous expression of lipoproteins in escherichia coli does not always result in high level expression of acylated recombinant protein. thus, these proteins do not take up their correct membrane topology and are lacking the immunostimulatory properties endowed by the lipid. to this end, we have designed a lipoprotein expression vector (pdump) that results in the production of fusion ... | 2003 | 12583997 |
| brachyspira hyodysenteriae contains eight linked gene copies related to an expressed 39-kda surface protein. | a tandemly linked set of four open reading frames (orfs), identified as vspa-d (variable surface protein) had been identified from previous cloning and sequencing of clones from a genomic library constructed from brachyspira hyodysenteriae strain b204. the predicted translation products of these closely related genes were homologous to (but not identical with) a characterized 39-kda surface-exposed membrane protein from this animal pathogen. additional screening of the genomic library has been p ... | 2003 | 12593966 |
| detection by pcr and isolation assays of the anaerobic intestinal spirochete brachyspira aalborgi from the feces of captive nonhuman primates. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of the anaerobic intestinal spirochetes brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira pilosicoli in the feces of captive nonhuman primates (n = 35) from 19 species housed at the zoological gardens, perth, western australia. both spirochete species are known to infect human beings. dna was extracted from freshly collected feces with a commercially available qiaamp dna stool minikit and subjected to pcr protocols amplifying portions of the 16s rrna ... | 2003 | 12624050 |
| antimicrobial growth promoters used in animal feed: effects of less well known antibiotics on gram-positive bacteria. | there are not many data available on antibiotics used solely in animals and almost exclusively for growth promotion. these products include bambermycin, avilamycin, efrotomycin, and the ionophore antibiotics (monensin, salinomycin, narasin, and lasalocid). information is also scarce for bacitracin used only marginally in human and veterinary medicine and for streptogramin antibiotics. the mechanisms of action of and resistance mechanisms against these antibiotics are described. special emphasis ... | 2003 | 12692092 |
| characterization of a locus encoding four paralogous outer membrane lipoproteins of brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | the identification of brachyspira hyodysenteriae outer membrane proteins (omps) that may stimulate immunity to swine dysentery is important for vaccine development. we report here the analysis of a novel locus, blpgfea, encoding four tandem paralogous proteins of approximately 30 kda from b. hyodysenteriae. the four proteins share 31-39% sequence identity with lipoproteins from several species of bacterial pathogens, but the locus possesses a unique genetic organization. using antisera raised to ... | 2003 | 12706440 |
| characterization of treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions in dairy cattle. | four spirochete strains were isolated from papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) lesions in iowa dairy cattle and compared with two previously described spirochete strains isolated from dairy cattle in california. these six strains shared an identical 16s ribosomal dna sequence that was 98% similar to treponema phagedenis and 99% similar to the uncultivated pdd spirochete sequence ddlk-4. the whole-cell protein profiles resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of th ... | 2003 | 12791876 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility testing of porcine brachyspira (serpulina) species isolates. | no standardized method for susceptibility testing of brachyspira spp. is currently available. a broth dilution procedure was evaluated and used to test the activities of six antimicrobial agents for 108 isolates of swedish porcine brachyspira spp. representing biochemical groups i, ii, and iii. group i corresponds to brachyspira hyodysenteriae, group ii corresponds to b. intermedia, and group iii corresponds to b. murdochii and b. innocens. a panel was designed with the antimicrobial agents drie ... | 2003 | 12791886 |
| biosynthetic origin of hygromycin a. | hygromycin a, an antibiotic produced by streptomyces hygroscopicus, is an inhibitor of bacterial ribosomal peptidyl transferase. the antibiotic binds to the ribosome in a distinct but overlapping manner with other antibiotics and offers a different template for generation of new agents effective against multidrug-resistant pathogens. reported herein are the results from a series of stable-isotope-incorporation studies demonstrating the biosynthetic origins of the three distinct structural moieti ... | 2003 | 12821448 |
| in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of brachyspira pilosicoli isolates from humans. | the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the anaerobic intestinal spirochete brachyspira pilosicoli was investigated by an agar dilution method. human (n = 123) and porcine (n = 16) isolates were susceptible to metronidazole, ceftriaxone, meropenem, tetracycline, moxifloxacin, and chloramphenicol; erythromycin and ciprofloxacin were not active. resistance to amoxicillin and clindamycin varied. amoxicillin susceptibility was restored by clavulanic acid. | 2003 | 12821498 |
| aspects on feed related prophylactic measures aiming to prevent post weaning diarrhoea in pigs. | the ability of feed related measures to prevent or reduce post weaning diarrhoea (pwd) was examined in a split litter study including 30 pigs from 6 litters allotted into 5 groups. four groups were exposed to 3 pathogenic strains of e. coli via the environment at weaning. three of them were given zinc oxide, lactose+fibres or non-pathogenic strains of e. coil as probiotics. the challenged and the unchallenged control groups were given a standard creep feed. diarrhoea was observed in all challeng ... | 2002 | 12831176 |
| isolation of tetracycline-resistant megasphaera elsdenii strains with novel mosaic gene combinations of tet(o) and tet(w) from swine. | anaerobic bacteria insensitive to chlortetracycline (64 to 256 microg/ml) were isolated from cecal contents and cecal tissues of swine fed or not fed chlortetracycline. a nutritionally complex, rumen fluid-based medium was used for culturing the bacteria. eight of 84 isolates from seven different animals were identified as megasphaera elsdenii strains based on their large-coccus morphology, rapid growth on lactate, and 16s ribosomal dna sequence similarities with m. elsdenii lc-1(t). all eight s ... | 2003 | 12839756 |
| development of a duplex pcr assay for detection of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli in pig feces. | a duplex pcr (d-pcr) amplifying portions of the brachyspira hyodysenteriae nadh oxidase gene and the b. pilosicoli 16s rrna gene was developed and then tested on dna extracted from 178 porcine fecal samples. the feces also underwent anaerobic culture and species-specific pcrs. fecal extraction-d-pcr detected seven additional samples containing b. hyodysenteriae and five more containing b. pilosicoli. | 2003 | 12843096 |
| detection of bacteriophage vsh-1 svp38 gene in brachyspira spirochetes. | vsh-1 is a mitomycin c-inducible, non-lytic, phage-like agent that packages random 7.5-kb fragments of the brachyspira hyodysenteriae genome. vsh-1 is the first recognized mechanism for gene transfer between b. hyodysenteriae cells. to analyze the distribution of vsh-1 among spirochetes, a 344-bp probe for gene svp38, encoding the vsh-1 major head protein, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and used in southern blot hybridizations with genomic dna from various spirochete genera. the svp3 ... | 2003 | 12892886 |
| resistance to the peptidyl transferase inhibitor tiamulin caused by mutation of ribosomal protein l3. | the antibiotic tiamulin targets the 50s subunit of the bacterial ribosome and interacts at the peptidyl transferase center. tiamulin-resistant escherichia coli mutants were isolated in order to elucidate mechanisms of resistance to the drug. no mutations in the rrna were selected as resistance determinants using a strain expressing only a plasmid-encoded rrna operon. selection in a strain with all seven chromosomal rrna operons yielded a mutant with an a445g mutation in the gene coding for ribos ... | 2003 | 12936991 |
| preparation and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against lawsonia intracellularis. | proliferative enteropathy is an intestinal infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis. immunohistochemistry staining has superior sensitivity over hematoxylin and eosin and silver staining for detecting l. intracellularis in histological sections. a l. intracellularis-specific monoclonal antibody (mab) produced in the uk (ig4 mab) has been described in the literature. however, no monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies are commercially available. there ... | 2003 | 14535543 |
| differential requirements for proliferation of cd4+ and gammadelta+ t cells to spirochetal antigens. | alphabeta+ and gammadelta+ t cells have different mechanisms of epitope recognition and are stimulated by antigens of different chemical nature. an immunization model with antigens from the spirochete brachyspira hyodysenteriae was used to examine the requirements for proliferation of circulating porcine cd4+ and gammadelta+ t cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. cd4+ t cells only responded to stimulation with b. hyodysenteriae antigens, whereas gammadelta+ t cells proliferated when cultures were ... | 2003 | 14572799 |
| study of animal-borne infections in the mucosas of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and population-based controls. | crohn's disease may be triggered by an infection, and it is plausible to consider that such an infection may be animal borne and ingested with our food. there has been considerable interest in the past in determining whether mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. avium) might be the etiologic agent in crohn's disease since it causes a disease in cattle that is similar to crohn's disease in humans. we aimed to determine if there was an association between crohn's disease and infection wi ... | 2003 | 14605128 |
| detection of gallibacterium spp. in chickens by fluorescent 16s rrna in situ hybridization. | gallibacterium has recently been included as a new genus of the family pasteurellaceae pohl 1981, which encompasses bacteria previously reported as pasteurella anatis, "actinobacillus salpingitidis," and avian pasteurella haemolytica-like organisms. so far, identification has exclusively relied on phenotypic characterization. we present a method based on a cyanine dye 3.18-labeled in situ hybridization probe targeting 16s rrna to allow specific detection of bacteria belonging to the genus gallib ... | 2003 | 14605154 |
| most human isolates of mycobacterium avium mav-a and mav-b are strong producers of hemolysin, a putative virulence factor. | hemolysin was quantified in 58 isolates of mycobacterium avium from human, animal, and environmental sources. human mav-a and mav-b isolates were the strongest producers; in contrast, animal and environmental mav-a isolates and human, animal, and environmental mav-c organisms were low-level producers. hemolysin production was not restricted to isolates causing invasive infections. | 2003 | 14662971 |
| ribosomal mutations in arcanobacterium pyogenes confer a unique spectrum of macrolide resistance. | four macrolide-resistant arcanobacterium pyogenes isolates contained a2058t, a2058g, or c2611g (escherichia coli numbering) mutations in their 23s rrna genes. while these mutations conferred resistance to erythromycin, oleandomycin, and spiramycin, they did not confer resistance to tylosin. | 2004 | 14982799 |
| physiology and nutrition of treponema primitia, an h2/co2-acetogenic spirochete from termite hindguts. | treponema primitia strains zas-1 and zas-2, the first spirochetes to be isolated from termite hindguts (j. r. leadbetter, t. m. schmidt, j. r. graber, and j. a. breznak, science 283:686-689, 1999), were examined for nutritional, physiological, and biochemical properties relevant to growth and survival in their natural habitat. in addition to using h(2) plus co(2) as substrates, these strains were capable of homoacetogenic growth on mono- and disaccharides and (in the case of zas-2) methoxylated ... | 2004 | 15006747 |
| description of treponema azotonutricium sp. nov. and treponema primitia sp. nov., the first spirochetes isolated from termite guts. | long after their original discovery, termite gut spirochetes were recently isolated in pure culture for the first time. they revealed metabolic capabilities hitherto unknown in the spirochaetes division of the bacteria, i.e., h(2) plus co(2) acetogenesis (j. r. leadbetter, t. m. schmidt, j. r. graber, and j. a. breznak, science 283:686-689, 1999) and dinitrogen fixation (t. g. lilburn, k. s. kim, n. e. ostrom, k. r. byzek, j. r. leadbetter, and j. a. breznak, science 292:2495-2498, 2001). howeve ... | 2004 | 15006748 |
| differences in lymphocyte subpopulations and cell counts before and after experimentally induced swine dysentery. | the aim of this study was to examine the levels of circulating leukocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations before and immediately after experimentally induced swine dysentery. twenty-one healthy crossbred pigs (approximately 22 kg) were orally inoculated with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. blood was sampled before inoculation and when clinical signs of swine dysentery occurred. pigs that remained healthy were sampled when killed. total and differential white blood cell counts were performed, and lymph ... | 2004 | 15017281 |
| experimental swine dysentery: comparison between infection models. | the aim of the present study was to develop a reproducible porcine infection model with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. the influence of different factors was evaluated, namely, age, a diet containing large quantities of soybean meal, housing and administration of cortisol or antacids. furthermore, the synergistic effect of additional bacteria (escherichia coli o141, bacteroides vulgatus or a mixture of bacteroides fragilis, a field isolate of bacteroides and fusobacterium necrophorum) was studied. ... | 2004 | 15017282 |
| further characterization of porcine brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates with decreased susceptibility to tiamulin. | brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery, a severe diarrhoeal disease in pigs. few drugs are available to treat the disease, owing to both antimicrobial resistance and withdrawal of drugs authorized for use in pigs. tiamulin is the drug of choice in many countries, but isolates with decreased susceptibility have recently been reported. the mechanism of tiamulin resistance in b. hyodysenteriae is not known and this facet is essential to understand the dissemination of ... | 2004 | 15017283 |
| decreased susceptibility to tiamulin and valnemulin among czech isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | the agar dilution method was used to investigate the sensitivity to pleuromutilins of 100 isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolated from 63 pig farms between 1997 and 2001. in the period under investigation, mics to both tiamulin and valnemulin increased, with differences between the periods 1997-98 and 1999-2001 being statistically significant (p < 0.001 for tiamulin and p < 0.0001 for valnemulin). between 1997 and 2001, the mic50 and mic90 of tiamulin increased from 0.062 and 0.25 microg ... | 2004 | 15017284 |
| brachyspira hyodysenteriae and other strongly beta-haemolytic and indole-positive spirochaetes isolated from mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | the aims of the current study were to collect intestinal spirochaetes (genus brachyspira) from farmed and wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and to identify and classify those isolates that phenotypically resembled brachyspira hyodysenteriae, an enteric pathogen of pigs. the isolation rate of brachyspira spp. was high from both farmed (93 %) and wild mallards (78 %). in wild mallards, it appeared that brachyspira spp. were more likely to be found in migratory birds (multivariate analysis: rr = 1 ... | 2004 | 15017285 |
| immunomagnetic separation of the intestinal spirochaetes brachyspira pilosicoli and brachyspira hyodysenteriae from porcine faeces. | porcine intestinal spirochaetes are fastidious anaerobic organisms and, as a consequence, it has been necessary to develop various protocols to enhance their isolation from or detection in faeces. immunomagnetic separation (ims) is a method developed recently to improve separation of target cells from mixed cell suspensions. the purpose of the present study was to compare the relative sensitivity of ims for isolation of brachyspira pilosicoli and brachyspira hyodysenteriae with current routine d ... | 2004 | 15017286 |
| comparative genomics of two leptospira interrogans serovars reveals novel insights into physiology and pathogenesis. | leptospira species colonize a significant proportion of rodent populations worldwide and produce life-threatening infections in accidental hosts, including humans. complete genome sequencing of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni and comparative analysis with the available leptospira interrogans serovar lai genome reveal that despite overall genetic similarity there are significant structural differences, including a large chromosomal inversion and extensive variation in the number and di ... | 2004 | 15028702 |
| genome features of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. | we report novel features of the genome sequence of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni, a highly invasive spirochete. leptospira species colonize a significant proportion of rodent populations worldwide and produce life-threatening infections in mammals. genomic sequence analysis reveals the presence of a competent transport system with 13 families of genes encoding for major transporters including a three-member component efflux system compatible with the long-term survival of this organ ... | 2004 | 15064809 |
| in vitro susceptibility of 21 antimicrobial agents to 37 isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolated from pigs in okinawa prefecture. | the in vitro susceptibilities to 21 antimicrobial agents, of 37 isolates of brachyspira (b.) hyodysenteriae isolated from pigs in okinawa meat center and a pig farm in okinawa prefecture, japan, were determined by the agar dilution method. carbadox was the most active of all the agents tested against the isolates (mic: <0.003 to 0.05). all the isolates were highly susceptible to olaquindox, tiamulin, dimetridazole, efrotomycin and valnemulin with mics ranging from </=0.1 to 1.6 microg/ml. penici ... | 2004 | 15107563 |
| the decrease in flaa observed in a flab mutant of borrelia burgdorferi occurs posttranscriptionally. | the lyme disease bacterium borrelia burgdorferi is a motile spirochete with a flat-wave morphology. the periplasmic flagella, which are situated between the outer membrane sheath and cell cylinder, are essential for both the cell's wavy shape and motility. here we focus on the structure and regulation of its periplasmic flagella. previous studies have suggested that the periplasmic flagella consist of a polymer of the major filament protein flab and a minor protein, flaa. we used immunoprecipita ... | 2004 | 15175283 |
| specific response of a novel and abundant lactobacillus amylovorus-like phylotype to dietary prebiotics in the guts of weaning piglets. | using 16s rrna gene-based approaches, we analyzed the responses of ileal and colonic bacterial communities of weaning piglets to dietary addition of four fermentable carbohydrates (inulin, lactulose, wheat starch, and sugar beet pulp). an enriched diet and a control diet lacking these fermentable carbohydrates were fed to piglets for 4 days (n = 48), and 10 days (n = 48), and the lumen-associated microbiota were compared using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis of amplified ... | 2004 | 15240251 |
| molecular and ultrastructural characterization of porcine hippurate-negative brachyspira pilosicoli. | brachyspira pilosicoli, the causative agent of porcine intestinal spirochetosis, usually has hippurate-cleaving capacity. we have regularly isolated hippurate-negative b. pilosicoli from cases of porcine diarrhea. in this study, we show that these biochemically atypical b. pilosicoli isolates can be classified as b. pilosicoli. 16s ribosomal dna was partially sequenced from eight hippurate-negative and two hippurate-positive b. pilosicoli-like isolates from seven herds. the differences in nucleo ... | 2004 | 15243075 |
| comparison of methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and mic values for pleuromutilin drugs for brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolated in germany. | in germany treatment of swine dysentery is hampered by brachyspira hyodysenteriae strains showing elevated mic values to the few antibiotics licensed. therefore, susceptibility testing of clinical isolates is an important service to the swine practitioner. this study compares the established agar dilution procedure for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of this fastidious anaerobe to the broth microdilution test newly developed [anim. health res. 2 (2001) 59; vet. microbiol. 84 (2002) 123; j. ... | 2004 | 15288924 |
| protection of pigs from swine dysentery by vaccination with recombinant bmpb, a 29.7 kda outer-membrane lipoprotein of brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | swine dysentery (sd) is an important endemic infection in many piggeries, and control can be problematic. in this study the efficacy of bmpb, a 29.7 kda outer-membrane lipoprotein of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, was evaluated as an sd vaccine. non-lipidated bmpb was expressed in escherichia coli as a histidine-tagged protein (his6-bmpb), or as an 8 kda carboxy-terminal portion fused to maltose-binding protein (mbp-bmpb-f604). the purified proteins were emulsified with oil-based adjuvants for intr ... | 2004 | 15288932 |
| enteritis associated with porcine circovirus 2 in pigs. | this report describes the diagnosis of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2)-associated enteritis in 6 weaned pigs without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by histopathology, virus isolation, and in situ hybridization. the most unique lesions were granulomatous inflammation affecting peyer's patches, characterized by infiltrates of epithelioid macrophages and giant multinucleated cells. large, multiple, basophilic or amphophilic, grape-like intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were often seen in th ... | 2004 | 15352548 |
| antimicrobial resistance in brachyspira pilosicoli with special reference to point mutations in the 23s rrna gene associated with macrolide and lincosamide resistance. | a point mutation in the 23s rrna gene causes macrolide and lincosamide resistance in brachyspira hyodysenteriae. the possible occurrence of a similar mutation in brachyspira pilosicoli was studied and the mics of six antimicrobial agents for swedish field isolates of b. pilosicoli were determined. of 10 isolates with high mics of macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics, six had a mutation in nucleotide position 2058 or 2059 in the 23s rrna gene as compared to the wild type of escherichia coli, whe ... | 2004 | 15383163 |
| outer membrane proteins of pathogenic spirochetes. | pathogenic spirochetes are the causative agents of several important diseases including syphilis, lyme disease, leptospirosis, swine dysentery, periodontal disease and some forms of relapsing fever. spirochetal bacteria possess two membranes and the proteins present in the outer membrane are at the site of interaction with host tissue and the immune system. this review describes the current knowledge in the field of spirochetal outer membrane protein (omp) biology. what is known concerning bioge ... | 2004 | 15449605 |
| genome-wide transposon mutagenesis of borrelia burgdorferi for identification of phenotypic mutants. | the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of lyme disease, the leading vector-borne illness in the united states. many of the genetic factors affecting spirochete morphology and physiology are unknown due to the limited genetic tools available and the large number of open reading frames with unknown functions. by adapting a mariner transposon to function in b. burgdorferi, we have developed a random mutagenesis system that tags the mutated locus for rapid identification. transpo ... | 2004 | 15466540 |
| occurrence of lawsonia intracellularis and brachyspira spp. infection in swine suffering from diarrhoea. | principal aim of this study was to examine fecal samples from pigs suffering from diarrhea for the presence of lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli. the molecular techniques such as pcr and nested pcr were employed to detect the presence of p78 fragment of genomic dna specific for lawsonia intracellularis as well as fragment of tlya gene specific for brachyspira hyodysenteriae and 16s rdna gene of brachyspira pilosicoli. we assumed that about 25% of pig ... | 2004 | 15478867 |
| influence of cereal non-starch polysaccharides on ileo-caecal and rectal microbial populations in growing pigs. | the effect of cereal non-starch polysaccharides (nsp) on the gut microbial populations was studied in 5 growing pigs between 39-116 kg body weight according to a latin square design. the diets were composed to contain different nsp levels. the control diet had a normal nsp content (139 g/kg dry matter (dm)), 2 diets had a low total amount of nsp (95 and 107 g/kg dm) and 2 diets had a high amount of total nsp (191 and 199 g/kg dm). furthermore, one of the diets within each category had a content ... | 2004 | 15535089 |
| the effect of antimicrobial growth promoter withdrawal on the health of weaned pigs in finland. | the use of the antimicrobial growth promoters (agps) carbadox and olaquindox has been banned in the european union (eu) since september 1999. we studied the effects of the withdrawal on the health of weaned piglets on two types of piglet-producing farms (farrowing herds and farrow-to-finish herds) from the different regions of finland. farms with no major problems with post-weaning diarrhoea were selected for the study to better evaluate the effect of agps alone. data on production, medication a ... | 2004 | 15579342 |
| [distribution of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and lawsonia intracellularis in healthy and diarrhoeic pigs]. | although brachyspira (b.) hyodysenteriae and lawsonia (l.) intracellularis are widely distributed in pigs in germany, there exists limited information on their clinical relevance. to get more insight into their potential role in swine diarrhoeal disease, in 2002 and 2003 faecal specimens from healthy pigs (n=1445) as well as from diarrhoeic pigs (n=2002) were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of both agents. of the specimens from healthy pigs l. intracellularis and b. hy ... | 2004 | 15584431 |
| rapid isolation of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli from pigs. | the aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the time required to isolate brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli from porcine faeces. this was done using previously described selective media (spectinomycin) s400, (colistin, vancomycin and spectinomycin) cvs and (spectinomycin, vancomycin, colistin, spiramycin and rifampin with swine faecal extract) bj, compared with the method based on blood agar modified medium, with spectinomycin and rifampin (bam-sr), including a pre-treat ... | 2004 | 15708820 |
| identification of a new borrelia species among small mammals in areas of northern spain where lyme disease is endemic. | the role of small mammals as reservoir hosts for borrelia burgdorferi was investigated in several areas where lyme disease is endemic in northern spain. a low rate of infestation by ixodes ricinus nymphs was found in the small mammal populations studied that correlated with the near-absence of b. burgdorferi sensu lato in 184 animals tested and with the lack of transmission of b. burgdorferi sensu lato to i. ricinus larvae that fed on them. in contrast, questing ticks collected at the same time ... | 2005 | 15746336 |
| cd4+ t-cell responses and distribution at the colonic mucosa during brachyspira hyodysenteriae-induced colitis in pigs. | the spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae causes swine dysentery, a severe colitis characterized by mucosal enlargement as a result of crypt elongation and epithelial necrosis. most efforts to understand the pathogenesis of this disease have focused on the aetiological agent and its virulence factors. however, the host immune response has been considered an important factor in disease development. previous research has shown that b. hyodysenteriae induces systemic cd4(+) and gammadelta t-cell r ... | 2005 | 15819705 |
| application of nox-restriction fragment length polymorphism for the differentiation of brachyspira intestinal spirochetes isolated from pigs and poultry in australia. | sixty-nine intestinal spirochetes isolated from pigs and poultry in eastern australia were selected to evaluate the effectiveness of a species-specific pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the brachyspira nox gene. for comparative purposes, all isolates were subjected to species-specific pcrs for the pathogenic species brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli, and selected isolates were examined further by sequence analysis of the nox and 16s ribosom ... | 2005 | 15825489 |