| evaluation of salmonella rod incidence in poultry in the lublin province over the years 2001-2005. | the researches included geese, broiler chickens and reproductive laying hens. the occurrence of salmonella rods assigned to the serovars in the bird flocks was assessed for the years 2001-2005. in geese, during 2001-2003, s. typhimurium was isolated most frequently, whereas in 2004 - s. enteriditis (42.8%). throughout the research period, in the flocks of reproductive laying hens, the s. enteriditis proved the most commonly reported serovar (67.8%). among broiler chickens in 2001, s. typhimurium ... | 2008 | 18581991 |
| comparative genome analysis of salmonella enteritidis pt4 and salmonella gallinarum 287/91 provides insights into evolutionary and host adaptation pathways. | we have determined the complete genome sequences of a host-promiscuous salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt4 isolate p125109 and a chicken-restricted salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum isolate 287/91. genome comparisons between these and other salmonella isolates indicate that s. gallinarum 287/91 is a recently evolved descendent of s. enteritidis. significantly, the genome of s. gallinarum has undergone extensive degradation through deletion and pseudogene formation. comparison of the ... | 2008 | 18583645 |
| porin biogenesis activates the sigma(e) response in salmonella hfq mutants. | in salmonella enterica, loss of rna chaperon hfq promotes proteolytic cleavage of anti-sigma(e) factor rsea leading to the constitutive induction of the sigma(e)-dependent envelope stress response. seeking to identify the source of the inducing signal, in the present study we measured rsea cleavage and sigma(e)-dependent transcription in strains lacking relevant outer membrane protein (omp) genes. we found removal of the main salmonella porin, ompd, to markedly reduce sigma(e) activation in hfq ... | 2008 | 18585433 |
| effect of thymol on microbial diversity in the porcine jejunum. | thirty two weaned pigs (24 d-old) were fed a diet without or with 1% (w/w) thymol. pigs from each dietary treatment remained unchallenged or were challenged with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. jejunal content was collected and molecular microbial diversity was investigated using 16s rrna gene polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). shannon index analysis showed no differences in diversity but pearson coefficient analysis showed clear clustering of ... | 2008 | 18585810 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg from turkey-associated sources. | salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg strains are frequently associated with food-borne illness, with recent isolates showing higher rates of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. one hundred eighty s. enterica serovar heidelberg isolates, collected from turkey-associated production and processing sources, were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid profile analysis. the potential for the transfer of resistance between ... | 2008 | 18586966 |
| primers specific for the fimbrial major subunit gene stda can be used to detect salmonella enterica serovars. | the feasibility of using two primers internal to the stda gene (which encodes the fimbrial major subunit of the std fimbrial gene cluster in salmonella enterica serovar typhi) to detect salmonella by pcr was explored. the 518-bp stda specific sequence was conserved among 268 strains from 45 serovars of s. enterica. one salmonella bongori ccug 30042 strain and 34 non-salmonella strains did not possess this sequence. a sensitivity test revealed that the stda-specific primer set detected 3.4 x 10(- ... | 2008 | 18592734 |
| salmonella infections in the common raccoon (procyon lotor) in western pennsylvania. | ten salmonella enterica serotypes were isolated from fecal samples collected from anesthetized raccoons (n = 738) trapped in six pennsylvania counties from 2003 to 2005. comparison of raccoon pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) pulse type data with the pennsylvania department of health pfge database revealed that the patterns of seven salmonella serotypes matched those isolated from humans with salmonellosis. | 2008 | 18596136 |
| oral immunization of broiler chickens against necrotic enteritis with an attenuated salmonella vaccine vector expressing clostridium perfringens antigens. | necrotic enteritis (ne) in broiler chickens is caused by clostridium perfringens but currently no effective vaccine is available. our previous study showed that certain c. perfringens secreted proteins when administered intramuscularly protected chickens against experimental infection. in the current study, genes encoding three c. perfringens proteins: fructose-biphosphate-aldolase (fba), pyruvate:ferredoxin-oxidoreductase (pfor) and hypothetical protein (hp), were cloned into an avirulent salmo ... | 2008 | 18597901 |
| an efficient method for conjugation of a lipopolysaccharide from salmonella enterica sv. minnesota with probes bearing hydrazine or amino functional groups. | a conjugation method for coupling probes bearing hydrazine or primary amino groups to a lipopolysaccharide (lps) is described. lps is modified through the hydroxyl groups present in its o-antigen moiety by activation with cyanogen bromide in aqueous acetone using triethylamine to enhance the electrophilicity of cnbr. the method yields conjugates with good labeling ratios, preserving the endotoxic activity of the lipid a moiety, which in blood exerts pleiotropic effects on many tissues and organs ... | 2008 | 18598668 |
| il-17a is produced by th17, gammadelta t cells and other cd4- lymphocytes during infection with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and has a mild effect in bacterial clearance. | t(h)17 cells represent a new pro-inflammatory t(h) cell lineage distinct from t(h)1 and t(h)2 cells. t(h)17 cells have been shown to be involved in extracellular bacterial infection but their role in intracellular infection remains unclear. we found antigen-specific il-17a production during a systemic infection of mice with the facultative intracellular bacterium salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) and examined the function and cellular source of il-17a during the adaptive i ... | 2008 | 18599501 |
| interaction of salmonella enterica serovar typhi with cultured epithelial cells: roles of surface structures in adhesion and invasion. | in this study we investigate the ability of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) surface structures to influence invasion and adhesion in epithelial cell assay systems. in general, s. typhi was found to be less adherent, invasive and cytotoxic than s. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). culture conditions had little effect on adhesion of s. typhi to cultured cells but had a marked influence on invasion. in contrast, bacterial growth conditions did not influence s. typhi apical ... | 2008 | 18599820 |
| autoregulated expression of the gene coding for the leucine-responsive protein, lrp, a global regulator in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | in this study, the lrp gene encoding the leucine-responsive regulatory protein (lrp) in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was found to be negatively autoregulated. its transcription start site was determined by primer extension analysis, showing that the lrp promoter is located at a different site to that inferred previously from the s. typhimurium genome sequence. chromosomal dna fragments that include the promoter region were bound by purified lrp protein in vitro, producing up to four d ... | 2008 | 18599829 |
| antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar dublin from dairy source calves in the central san joaquin valley, california (1998-2002). | the present study describes antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar dublin (s. dublin) in clinical submissions from calves and temporal and farm-type trends in antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolates. a total of 300 isolates of s. dublin were obtained from fecal or internal organs of calves fewer than 120 days of age originating from 84 dairies and 18 calf ranches from july 1998 to december 2002. the isolates were susceptibility tested to a ... | 2008 | 18599857 |
| dangerous liaisons: the apoptotic engulfment receptor ced-1 links innate immunity to the unfolded protein response. | in this issue of developmental cell, haskins et al. describe a molecular link between an apoptotic cell receptor, a branch of the unfolded protein response, and innate immunity. the finding that the plasma membrane phagocytic receptor ced-1 promotes the expression of unfolded response genes suggests a novel regulatory mechanism for the control of this primitive immune system that may couple the presence of pathogen with the production of secreted antimicrobial effectors. | 2008 | 18606133 |
| unfolded protein response genes regulated by ced-1 are required for caenorhabditis elegans innate immunity. | the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, also known as the unfolded protein response (upr), has been implicated in the normal physiology of immune defense and in several disorders, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. here, we show that the apoptotic receptor ced-1 and a network of pqn/abu proteins involved in a noncanonical upr response are required for proper defense to pathogen infection in caenorhabditis elegans. a full-genome microarray analysis indicates that ced-1 ... | 2008 | 18606143 |
| intracellular bacteriolysis triggers a massive apoptotic cell death in shigella-infected epithelial cells. | infected epithelial cells, which act as a first barrier against pathogens, seldom undergo apoptosis. rather, infected epithelial cells undergo a slow cell death that displays hallmarks of necrosis. here, we demonstrate that rapid intracellular lysis of shigella flexneri, provoked by either the use of a diaminopimelic acid auxotroph mutant or treatment of infected cells with antibiotics of the beta-lactam family, resulted in a massive and rapid induction of apoptotic cell death. this intracellula ... | 2008 | 18606244 |
| salmonella enterica serotype typhi in kuwait and its reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. | salmonella enterica serotype typhi continues to be an important public health problem in kuwait. analysis of the isolates from 163 patients, collected between 1995 and 2003, showed that the majority were from patients from the indian sub-continent, including 45 from bangladesh, 38 from india and 30 from pakistan. fifty-four of the strains showed multiple antibiotic resistance (mdr). twenty-five strains were from kuwaitis, with 15 aged <18 years. bacteriophage typing of 20 isolates from kuwaitis ... | 2008 | 18606582 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium conjugative plasmids transferring resistance to antibiotics and their interaction with the virulence plasmid. | in this study, we analysed field isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium for the presence of conjugative plasmids transferring resistances to antibiotics. | 2008 | 18606786 |
| differential attachment to and subsequent contamination of agricultural crops by salmonella enterica. | u.s. salmonellosis outbreaks have occurred following consumption of tomato and cantaloupe but not lettuce. we report differential contamination among agricultural seedlings by salmonella enterica via soil. members of the family brassicaceae had a higher incidence of outbreak than carrot, lettuce, and tomato. once they were contaminated, phyllosphere populations were similar, except for tomato. contamination differences exist among tomato cultivars. | 2008 | 18606796 |
| regulated programmed lysis of recombinant salmonella in host tissues to release protective antigens and confer biological containment. | we have devised and constructed a biological containment system designed to cause programmed bacterial cell lysis with no survivors. we have validated this system, using salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccines for antigen delivery after colonization of host lymphoid tissues. the system is composed of two parts. the first component is salmonella typhimurium strain chi8937, with deletions of asda and arabinose-regulated expression of mura, two genes required for peptidoglycan synthesis an ... | 2008 | 18607005 |
| emerging resistance in salmonella enterica serotype typhi in hong kong. | a total of 182 salmonella enterica serotype typhi isolated from three hospitals in hong kong from 1986 to 1992 were tested for their susceptibility to 21 antimicrobial agents. four percent or less were resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, some of the cephalosporins, nalidixic acid, tetracycline and trimethoprim and 6% to 1024 mg/l sulfamethoxazole. all were susceptible to the aminoglycosides and the 4-quinolones. nineteen isolates were resistant to at least 1, and up to 9, antibiotics. of 8 ... | 1996 | 18611751 |
| serovar distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of nontyphoidal salmonella isolated from pediatric patients in jakarta, indonesia. | a study was conducted during january 2003 through august 2005, at two community health centers in south jakarta, indonesia, to detect nontyphoidal salmonella infections in children with diarrhea. a total of 814 rectal swab samples were collected, of which 56 (6.9%) were positive for salmonella. among the serovars detected, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was found most frequently in 32.1% of all salmonella isolates. antimicrobial susceptibility testing using eight antibiotics showed 5.6% ... | 2007 | 18613551 |
| bacterial apbc can bind and effectively transfer iron-sulfur clusters. | the metabolism of iron-sulfur ([fe-s]) clusters requires a complex set of machinery that is still being defined. mutants of salmonella enterica lacking apbc have nutritional and biochemical properties indicative of defects in [fe-s] cluster metabolism. apbc is a 40.8 kda homodimeric atpase and as purified contains little iron and no acid-labile sulfide. an [fe-s] cluster was reconstituted on apbc, generating a protein that bound 2 mol of fe and 2 mol of s (2-) per apbc monomer and had a uv-visib ... | 2008 | 18616280 |
| intracellular microbes and haemophagocytosis. | haemophagocytosis (hemophagocytosis) is the phenomenon of activated macrophage consumption of red and white blood cells, including professional phagocytes and lymphocytes. it can occur in patients with severe cases of intracellular microbial infection, including avian influenza, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis and typhoid fever. while well-known to physicians since at least the mid-1800s, haemophagocytosis has been little studied due to a paucity of tractable animal and cell culture models. recently ... | 2008 | 18616693 |
| looking for the unusual suspects: a salmonella dublin outbreak investigation. | | 2008 | 18617199 |
| the use of maplt and mlva analyses of phenotypically closely related isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the resolving power of multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) was undertaken on 78 phenotypically closely related isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium that were previously analysed with multiple amplification of phage locus typing (maplt) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). isolates were tested with 10 primer sets targeting tandem repeat loci in the s. typhimurium genome. a new primer set targeting the sb21(st64b) locus was also assessed for maplt an ... | 2009 | 18617439 |
| antibiotic marker modifications of lambda red and flp helper plasmids, pkd46 and pcp20, for inactivation of chromosomal genes using pcr products in multidrug-resistant strains. | the red recombinase system of bacteriophage lambda has been used to inactivate chromosomal genes in bacteria using pcr products. in this study, we describe the replacement of the ampicillin resistance marker of helper plasmids pkd46 and pcp20 by a gentamicin resistance gene to disrupt chromosomal genes and then to eliminate frt flanked resistance gene in multiple antibiotic-resistant salmonella enterica strains. | 2008 | 18619499 |
| interplay between mgtc and pagc in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, mgtc and pagc are positively regulated by the phop-phoq two-component system, which is activated under magnesium deprivation. both mgtc and pagc are of unknown function but have been involved in intramacrophage survival. we have found that the amount of pagc is lowered in a deltamgtc mutant strain grown in magnesium depleted medium. however, the effect of mgtc on pagc does not account for the growth defect of a deltamgtc mutant in macrophages since, in ... | 2008 | 18620040 |
| bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus strains isolated from poto poto, a congolese fermented maize product, and genetic fingerprinting of their plantaricin operons. | thirty one bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus isolates were identified among 135 lactobacilli isolated from the congolese fermented maize product poto poto, during the preparation and from the finished product. using species-specific pcr and 16s rrna gene sequencing, 28 and 3 isolates were identified as l. plantarum and l. fermentum, respectively. cluster analysis of rapd-pcr fingerprints revealed two main groups (g1 and g2) plus the l. fermentum isolate c4-13. group g1 contained 23 isolates wi ... | 2008 | 18620772 |
| salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum requires ppgpp for internalization and survival in animal cells. | to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum, we examined the expression of the genes encoded primarily in salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) and spi-2. these genes were found to be induced as cultures entered stationary phase under high- and low-oxygen growth conditions, as also observed for salmonella serovar typhimurium. in contrast, salmonella serovar gallinarum in the exponential growth phase most efficiently internalized cultured animal cells. anal ... | 2008 | 18621899 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bipa exhibits two distinct ribosome binding modes. | bipa is a highly conserved prokaryotic gtpase that functions to influence numerous cellular processes in bacteria. in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, bipa has been implicated in controlling bacterial motility, modulating attachment and effacement processes, and upregulating the expression of virulence genes and is also responsible for avoidance of host defense mechanisms. in addition, bipa is thought to be involved in bacterial stress responses, such as those associ ... | 2008 | 18621905 |
| a comparative study on the pathogenesis of egg contamination by different serotypes of salmonella. | salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis is the predominant serotype associated with egg-borne salmonellosis in humans. apparently this serotype possesses particular characteristics that increase its chance to contaminate eggs. to identify these characteristics, two salmonella serotype enteritidis strains as well as one strain of each of the serotypes salmonella typhimurium, salmonella heidelberg, salmonella virchow and salmonella hadar strain were used to examine different aspects related to eg ... | 2008 | 18622856 |
| persistence of salmonella senftenberg in poultry production environments and investigation of its resistance to desiccation. | most salmonella serovars, including salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar senftenberg (s. senftenberg), are tolerant to desiccation and able to colonize and persist in feed mills. in addition, they may survive cleaning and disinfection procedures used on poultry farms. the present study was conducted to investigate the survival of s. senftenberg in broiler parent stock farms and broiler farms. the isolates from one of the parent stock farms investigated only differed by a single band in fl ... | 2008 | 18622860 |
| transcriptional expression of fljb:z66, a flagellin gene located on a novel linear plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar typhi under environmental stresses. | a previous study identified that z66+ strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhi contains two different flagellin genes, the flic encoding d or j antigen in chromosome and the fljb-like gene encoding z66 antigen in a novel linear plasmid, respectively. the promoter of fljb:z66 is different from that of flic:d/j and z66+ strain alters flagellin expression in only one orientation, from z66 to d orj antigen, raising the suspicion that z66+ strain is a special biphasic strain. to clarify the expres ... | 2008 | 18623990 |
| a comparison of three molecular typing methods for the discrimination of salmonella enterica serovar infantis. | seventy-six epidemiologically unrelated salmonella enterica serovar infantis (s. infantis) isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), multiple amplification of phage loci typing (maplt) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva). pfge, using the restriction endonuclease xbai, generated 23 different profiles for the 76 isolates (di=0.848). maplt was undertaken using a combination of 11 primer sets based on bacteriophage sequences and generated 28 differe ... | 2008 | 18625012 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium nife uptake-type hydrogenases are differentially expressed in vivo. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, a common enteric pathogen, possesses three nife uptake-type hydrogenases. the results from mouse infection studies suggest that the h(2) oxidation capacity provided by these hydrogenases is important for virulence. since the three enzymes are similar in structure and function, it may be expected that they are utilized under different locations and times during an infection. a recombination-based method to examine promoter activity in vivo (rivet) was used ... | 2008 | 18625729 |
| inhibition of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium motility and entry into epithelial cells by a protective antilipopolysaccharide monoclonal immunoglobulin a antibody. | secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) antibodies directed against the o antigen of lipopolysaccharide (lps) are the primary determinants of mucosal immunity to gram-negative enteric pathogens. however, the underlying mechanisms by which these antibodies interfere with bacterial colonization and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells are not well understood. in this study, we report that sal4, a protective, anti-o5-specific monoclonal iga, is a potent inhibitor of salmonella enterica serovar typhimu ... | 2008 | 18625740 |
| typhoid fever. | typhoid fever is one of the most common febrile illnesses encountered by the physicians in bangladesh. diagnosis is not difficult but has lately become a challenge due to changed clinical pattern of the disease, lack of adequate facilities for blood, stool, urine culture, excessive reliance on nonspecific widal test and non availability of any reliable rapid diagnostic tests. further, the indiscriminate and injudicious use of antibiotics for treating fever in undiagnosed febrile illnesses early ... | 2008 | 18626466 |
| [patient with purulent pericarditis caused by salmonella enteritidis complicated by tamponade]. | we report a case of a 64-year-old male patient with a history of advanced chronic heart failure, who was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of decompensated right heart failure. chronic tamponade was diagnosed and conservative treatment was administered. due to the lack of improvement, surgical drainage of the pericardial sack was performed and salmonella enteritidis was cultured from the pericardial fluid. after a month the patient fully recovered and was discharged. | 2008 | 18626836 |
| growth-phase regulation of lipopolysaccharide o-antigen chain length influences serum resistance in serovars of salmonella. | the amount of lipopolysaccharide (lps) o antigen (oag) and its chain length distribution are important factors that protect bacteria from serum complement. salmonella enterica serovar typhi produces lps with long chain length distribution (l-oag) controlled by the wzz gene, whereas serovar typhimurium produces lps with two oag chain lengths: an l-oag controlled by wzz(st) and a very long (vl) oag determined by wzz(fepe). this study shows that serovar enteritidis also has a bimodal oag distributi ... | 2008 | 18628492 |
| is nalidixic acid resistance linked to clinical virulence in salmonella enterica serovar typhi infections? | | 2008 | 18628512 |
| susceptibilities to antimicrobials and disinfectants in salmonella isolates obtained from poultry and swine in thailand. | salmonella enterica isolates from poultry (n=125) and swine (n=132) in thailand were investigated for antibiotic resistance, susceptibility to disinfectants (benzalkonium chloride (bkc), chlorhexidine digluconate (chx), zinc chloride and copper sulfate) and cyclohexane tolerance. forty-two percent were of multiple resistance to antibiotics. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of all antibiotics against isolates from swine were higher than that against the isolates from poultry. there we ... | 2008 | 18628600 |
| regional variations in paneth cell antimicrobial peptide expression along the mouse intestinal tract. | enteric antimicrobial peptides secreted from paneth cells, including alpha-defensins (in mice named cryptdins), are key effector molecules of innate immunity in the small intestine. the importance of paneth cells alpha-defensins emerged from studies of enteric bacterial infection in genetically modified mice, as well as from recent studies linking reduced levels of these alpha-defensins to crohn's disease localized to the ileum. however, analysis of expression of paneth cell alpha-defensins is i ... | 2008 | 18637162 |
| role of the striatum in the humoral immune response to thymus-independent and thymus-dependent antigens in rats. | since the role of striatal gabaergic medium-sized spiny (msp) neurons in the modulation of the immune responses is largely unknown, we evaluated the humoral immune response in rats with bilateral lesion of the striatum caused by quinolinic acid, which destroys msp neurons. sham-operated rats and those with striatal lesions were immunized either with tnp-lps, a t-independent antigen type 1, or one of several t-dependent antigens: ovoalbumin, bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, sheep red blood cells ( ... | 2008 | 18639583 |
| a novel recombinant bacterial vaccine strain expressing dual viral antigens induces multiple immune responses to the gag and gp120 proteins of hiv-1 in immunized mice. | recombinant salmonella enterica serovar typhi can function as a live vector to deliver foreign antigens to the mammalian immune system and induce both mucosal and systemic immunity. in this study, we generated a recombinant salmonella typhi strain pils-pilt-gag+ (pvax1-gp120) harboring the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) gag gene integrated into the bacterial chromosome and gp120 gene carried by a plasmid. mice inoculated with this recombinant bacterium through intranasal route produced high ... | 2008 | 18639586 |
| mediation of cannabidiol anti-inflammation in the retina by equilibrative nucleoside transporter and a2a adenosine receptor. | cannabidiol (cbd), a nonpsychotropic, nontoxic compound has been shown to block diabetes- and endotoxin-induced retinal damage. however, the protective mechanism of this anti-inflammatory cannabinoid is not completely understood. the goal of this study is to determine the role of adenosine signaling in retinal inflammation and its potential modulation by cbd. | 2008 | 18641283 |
| deletion of flagellin's hypervariable region abrogates antibody-mediated neutralization and systemic activation of tlr5-dependent immunity. | tlrs trigger immunity by detecting microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps). flagellin is a unique mamp because it harbors 1) an antigenic hypervariable region and 2) a conserved domain involved in tlr5-dependent systemic and mucosal proinflammatory and adjuvant activities. in this study, the contribution of the flagellin domains in tlr5 activation was investigated. we showed that tlr5 signaling can be neutralized in vivo by flagellin-specific abs, which target the conserved domain. however ... | 2008 | 18641341 |
| characterization of antibiotic resistance genes linked to class 1 and 2 integrons in strains of salmonella spp. isolated from swine. | the aim of this study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance profiles, the integron-associated resistance determinants, and the potential ability of transferring these determinants by conjugation in salmonella enterica isolated from swine. fifty-four strains of salmonella spp. were isolated from healthy swine. the percentages of resistance, determined by the plate dilution method were as follows: oxytetracycline (41%), streptomycin (39%), sulphamethoxazol+trimethoprim (19%), enrofloxacin- ... | 2008 | 18641703 |
| mitracarpus frigidus aerial parts exhibited potent antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and antioxidant effects. | the crude extract and the hexane, ch(2)cl(2), etoac, n-buoh, and hydromethanolic fractions of the aerial parts of mitracarpus frigidus were evaluated against promastigote forms of two species of leishmania (l. chagasi and l. amazonensis), 11 strains of bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica sorovar tythimurium, shigella sonnei, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, enterococcus faecalis, enterobacter cloacae, streptococcus pyogenes and ... | 2009 | 18644325 |
| tlr4-induced ifn-gamma production increases tlr2 sensitivity and drives gram-negative sepsis in mice. | gram-negative bacterial infection is a major cause of sepsis and septic shock. an important inducer of inflammation underlying both syndromes is the cellular recognition of bacterial products through pattern recognition receptors (prrs), including toll-like receptors (tlrs). we identified a novel antagonistic mab (named 1a6) that recognizes the extracellular portion of the tlr4-md-2 complex. if applied to mice before infection with clinical isolates of salmonella enterica or escherichia coli and ... | 2008 | 18644971 |
| a retrospective case-control study of risk factors associated with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis infections on dutch broiler breeder farms. | the organized control of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (se) in the dutch poultry sector aims to prevent vertical transmission by the top-down approach, but its effectiveness is now undermined by the increasing role of horizontal transmission, so that preventive hygiene on the poultry farm gains significant importance. in order to assess the actual level of preventive hygiene and to identify risk factors, an inquiry was held among a representative number of broiler breed ... | 1995 | 18645784 |
| evaluation of salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines on host resistance to salmonella enterica ser. gallinarum infection in broiler chicks. | the prophylactic treatment of neonatal broiler chicks with lymphokines derived from s. enteritidis-immurazed chickens (se-ilk) was evaluated for its effect on the birds' resistance to an experimental infection s. enterica ser. gallinarum (sg). on the day of hatch, chicks were injected intraperitoneally with either se-ilk, control non-immune lymphokines (nilk), or were left untreated. thirty minutes later, all chicks were orally gavaged with either 10(4) colony forming units (cfu) or 10(6) cfu sg ... | 1996 | 18645895 |
| correlation between viable counts of salmonella gallinarum in spleen and liver and the development of anaemia in chickens as seen in experimental fowl typhoid. | isogenic strains of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum harbouring rflp variants of the virulence plasmid and the parent strains, were given orally to 1-week-old white leghorn cockerels. differences in viability and pattern of behaviour of the strains in the tissues were observed during the course of infection. viable counts from the spleen and liver, the development of haematological changes in the form of anaemia, and pathological lesions were shown to be correlated. none ... | 1996 | 18645897 |
| fowl typhoid: assessment of a disinfectant oral dose to reduce horizontal spread and mortality. | to determine the most appropriate dose in drinking water of the disinfectant n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (timsen), a fowl typhoid challenge trial was carried out using 21-day-old salmonella-free chickens. in a pretrial, performed with six groups of 10 chickens each, it was shown that the disinfectant was atoxic and safe when administered during 15 days at doses of 0 ppm, 200 ppm, 400 ppm, 800 ppm, 1600 ppm, or 3200 ppm. thereafter, a challenge trial was performed with 390 chickens ... | 2008 | 18646464 |
| comparison of the association of age with the infection of salmonella and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in pekin ducks and roman geese. | nontyphoid salmonella have a broad host range in poultry and mammals, and serovar typhimurium is a threat to public health. in this study, normal and sick ducks and geese were collected from 12 farms in taiwan to investigate the age-associated infection of salmonella and salmonella typhimurium in roman geese (anser anser domesticus) and pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus). in normal birds, the prevalence of salmonella differed between species, and with age [e.g., 1-wk group, 37.5% (30/80 ... | 2008 | 18648047 |
| validation of cooking methods using shell eggs inoculated with salmonella serotypes enteritidis and heidelberg. | salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis has long been associated with eggs, and more recently, salmonella enterica serotype heidelberg has also become associated with eggs. this study was undertaken to determine whether salmonella enteritidis and salmonella heidelberg are effectively eliminated from eggs by various cooking methods. seven cooking methods were chosen--hard and soft cooked, scrambled, over easy, sunny-side up, poached, and free poached--and a pan insert and the free-flowing method ... | 2008 | 18648060 |
| characterization of an outer membrane protein of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium that confers protection against typhoid. | typhoid caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi remains a major health concern worldwide. the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of salmonella with increased virulence, communicability, and survivability leading to increased morbidity and mortality has further complicated its management. currently available vaccines for typhoid have less-than-desired efficacy and certain unacceptable side effects, making it pertinent to search for new immunogens suitable for vaccine formulation. the ou ... | 2008 | 18650399 |
| identification of the genetic determinants of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium that may regulate the expression of the type 1 fimbriae in response to solid agar and static broth culture conditions. | type 1 fimbriae are the most commonly found fimbrial appendages on the outer membrane of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. previous investigations indicate that static broth culture favours s. typhimurium to produce type 1 fimbriae, while non-fimbriate bacteria are obtained by growth on solid agar media. the phenotypic expression of type 1 fimbriae in s. typhimurium is the result of the interaction and cooperation of several genes in the fim gene cluster. other gene products that may als ... | 2008 | 18652702 |
| further evaluation of a multiplex pcr for differentiation of salmonella paratyphi a from other salmonellae. | salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a is a causative agent of paratyphoid fever. the clinical syndrome caused by paratyphoid fever overlaps with other febrile illnesses and cannot be distinguished from typhoid fever. conventional methods used for diagnosis are time consuming, costly, and labor-intensive. we evaluated the specificity, sensitivity, and application of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) previously developed by the method (ou, h.y., teh, c.s.j., thong, k.l., et al., j. mol ... | 2008 | 18653978 |
| subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline affect virulence gene expression in a multi-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. | treatment of salmonellosis with antibiotics is controversial and may prolong carriage and shedding. therefore, this study sought to investigate if exposure to antimicrobials influences the expression of factors involved in virulence and host colonization. the effect of subinhibitory tetracycline treatment (16 microg/ml, 30 min) on a multi-drug resistant salmonella typhimurium dt104 strain was investigated using a targeted microarray. real-time reverse transcriptase pcr was used to confirm and fu ... | 2008 | 18656407 |
| high-throughput sequencing provides insights into genome variation and evolution in salmonella typhi. | isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (typhi), a human-restricted bacterial pathogen that causes typhoid, show limited genetic variation. we generated whole-genome sequences for 19 typhi isolates using 454 (roche) and solexa (illumina) technologies. isolates, including the previously sequenced ct18 and ty2 isolates, were selected to represent major nodes in the phylogenetic tree. comparative analysis showed little evidence of purifying selection, antigenic variation or recombination betw ... | 2008 | 18660809 |
| use of mchi encoding immunity to the antimicrobial peptide microcin h47 as a plasmid selection marker in attenuated bacterial live vectors. | live attenuated bacterial strains expressing heterologous antigens represent an attractive vaccine development strategy. however, the use of drug resistance genes for the selection of expression plasmids introduced into live vectors poses theoretical health risks. therefore, we developed a novel approach for plasmid selection based on immunity to the antimicrobial peptide microcin h47 (mcch47). two expression plasmids encoding the reporter green fluorescent protein (gfpuv) were constructed; sele ... | 2008 | 18663003 |
| differential adaptive response and survival of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis planktonic and biofilm cells exposed to benzalkonium chloride. | this study examined the adaptive response and survival of planktonic and biofilm phenotypes of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis adapted to benzalkonium chloride (bc). planktonic cells and biofilms were continuously exposed to 1 microg ml(-1) of bc for 144 h. the proportion of bc-adapted biofilm cells able to survive a lethal bc treatment (30 microg ml(-1)) was significantly higher (4.6-fold) than that of bc-adapted planktonic cells. similarly, there were 18.3-fold more survivors among the ... | 2008 | 18663028 |
| sdia, an n-acylhomoserine lactone receptor, becomes active during the transit of salmonella enterica through the gastrointestinal tract of turtles. | luxr-type transcription factors are typically used by bacteria to determine the population density of their own species by detecting n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls). however, while escherichia and salmonella encode a luxr-type ahl receptor, sdia, they cannot synthesize ahls. in vitro, it is known that sdia can detect ahls produced by other bacterial species. | 2008 | 18665275 |
| comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance characteristics of gram-negative bacteria isolated from laying hens and eggs in conventional and organic keeping systems in bavaria, germany. | by investigating the prevalence and resistance characteristics of gram-negative bacteria from organic and conventional kept laying hens against 31 (campylobacter: 29) different antibiotics using the microdilution method, we determined to what extent different keeping systems influence bacterial resistance patterns. for this purpose, samples from 10 organic and 10 conventional flocks in bavaria (germany) were investigated four times between january 2004 and april 2005. altogether, 799 cloacal swa ... | 2008 | 18667026 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum by plasmid profiling and biochemical analysis. | one-hundred-and-five strains of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum, biovar pullorum and 43 strains of biovar gallinarum were characterized by biochemical reactions, and 95 strains of biovar pullorum and 32 strains of biovar gallinarum were examined for plasmid content. twenty-one (66%) of the strains classified as biovar gallinarum contained a 85-kb virulence plasmid. six of these strains also contained a 2.5-kb plasmid. ten strains (31%) were without plasmids. ninety-three strains (98%) bel ... | 1992 | 18670961 |
| ribotypes of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum. | ninety-four isolates of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum and forty-one isolates of biovar gallinarum were ribotyped using the enzymes, hindiii, ecori and smai, and a digoxigenin-labelled e. coli-derived rrna probe. using hindiii, 13 profile types were observed within biovar gallinarum and 12 within biovar pullorum. the most common types accounted for 39% of biovar pullorum isolates and 47% for biovar gallinarum. ecori digests revealed two profile types within biovar pulloru ... | 1993 | 18671057 |
| salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum in layers: epidemiological investigations of a recent outbreak in denmark. | despite the fact that no firm evidence was obtained, epidemiological investigations of a recent danish outbreak of fowl typhoid indicated that the infection might have been introduced by contaminated crates from a german slaughterhouse. fourteen danish and five german isolates of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum obtained from recent outbreaks in denmark and germany were characterized by phenotypic and genomic methods. phenotypic characters, plasmid profiling, plasmid rest ... | 1994 | 18671116 |
| cooperation of salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 4 is required to breach epithelial barriers. | invasion is an important microbial virulence strategy to overcome the barrier formed by polarized epithelial cells. salmonella enterica is a food-borne pathogen that deploys a type iii secretion system for the manipulation of the actin cytoskeleton and to trigger internalization into epithelial cells. here we show that this function is not sufficient to enter polarized cells and report that penetration of epithelia from the luminal side requires both the type iii secretion system and novel virul ... | 2008 | 18671822 |
| evaluation of vaccination with a commercial subunit vaccine on shedding of salmonella enterica in subclinically infected dairy cows. | to estimate the efficacy of a commercially available salmonella enterica subunit vaccine on the subclinical shedding of s enterica in dairy cattle. | 2008 | 18673036 |
| in vivo expression technology and signature-tagged mutagenesis screens for identifying mechanisms of survival of zoonotic foodborne pathogens. | high-throughput genetic screens provide great insights into the biochemistry and molecular biology of how bacteria sense, respond to, and propagate within their environments. genomics era techniques such as microarrays and proteomics have great potential to increase our understanding of how foodborne pathogens grow and survive within animal and human hosts, in the environment and foods, and during thermal and nonthermal inactivation protocols. while these techniques are incredibly useful for stu ... | 2008 | 18673072 |
| the cora mg2+ channel is required for the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | cora is the primary mg(2+) channel in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. a cora mutant is attenuated in mice and defective for invasion of and replication within epithelial cells. microarray studies show that several virulence effectors are repressed in a cora mutant strain, which ultimately manifests itself as a decrease in virulence. | 2008 | 18676664 |
| regulation of cora mg2+ channel function affects the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the cora mg(2+) channel is the primary source of intracellular mg(2+) in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. in another study, we found that a strain lacking cora was attenuated in mice and also defective for invasion and replication within caco-2 epithelial cells (k. m. papp-wallace, m. nartea, d. g. kehres, s. porwollik, m. mcclelland, s. j. libby, f. c. fang, and m. e. maguire, j. bacteriol. 190:6517-6523, 2008). therefore, we further examined salmonella interaction with caco-2 epithelia ... | 2008 | 18676666 |
| novel insertion sequence- and transposon-mediated genetic rearrangements in genomic island sgi1 of salmonella enterica serovar kentucky. | salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1) is an integrative mobilizable element that harbors a multidrug resistance (mdr) gene cluster. since its identification in epidemic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 strains, variant sgi1 mdr gene clusters conferring different mdr phenotypes have been identified in several s. enterica serovars and classified as sgi1-a to -o. a study was undertaken to characterize sgi1 from serovar kentucky strains isolated from travelers returning from africa. severa ... | 2008 | 18676889 |
| antibiotic-induced perturbations of the intestinal microbiota alter host susceptibility to enteric infection. | intestinal microbiota comprises microbial communities that reside in the gastrointestinal tract and are critical to normal host physiology. understanding the microbiota's role in host response to invading pathogens will further advance our knowledge of host-microbe interactions. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was used as a model enteric pathogen to investigate the effect of intestinal microbiota perturbation on host susceptibility to infection. antibiotics were used to perturb the intes ... | 2008 | 18678663 |
| eradication of salmonella typhimurium infection in a murine model of typhoid fever with the combination of probiotic lactobacillus fermentum me-3 and ofloxacin. | the aim of the study was to detect whether in experimental salmonella enterica typhimurium infection the probiotic lactobacillus fermentum me-3 in combination with fluoroquinolone therapy would eradicate s. typhimurium, prevent the development of liver and spleen granulomas and improve the indices of oxidative stress in the ileum mucosa. the selected bacteriological, histological and biochemical methods were applied. | 2008 | 18680567 |
| aquaculture and florfenicol resistance in salmonella enterica typhimurium dt104. | | 2008 | 18680675 |
| salmonella prevalence in seafood imported into japan. | a total of 353 samples of 29 types of seafood were tested for salmonella prevalence and total microbial population. salmonella enterica serotype weltevreden was isolated from 2 of 47 black tiger prawn samples. the contamination levels of salmonella were in a range of <30 to 40 most probable number per 100 g. in addition, one sample of black tiger prawns and two samples of white shrimp were positive for salmonella inva gene on pcr assay. although the mean aerobic bacterial count was greater than ... | 2008 | 18680947 |
| high-throughput isolation and mapping of c. elegans mutants susceptible to pathogen infection. | we present a novel strategy that uses high-throughput methods of isolating and mapping c. elegans mutants susceptible to pathogen infection. we show that c. elegans mutants that exhibit an enhanced pathogen accumulation (epa) phenotype can be rapidly identified and isolated using a sorting system that allows automation of the analysis, sorting, and dispensing of c. elegans by measuring fluorescent bacteria inside the animals. furthermore, we validate the use of amplifluor as a new single nucleot ... | 2008 | 18682730 |
| modeling the combined effects of enterocins a and b, lactate, and edta on the growth of salmonella at different temperatures. | the effects of enterocins a and b (produced by enterococcus faecium ctc492), lactate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) on the growth of salmonella were modeled together with temperature using the response surface methodology. six serovars of salmonella enterica were inoculated (ca. 10(3) cells/ml) in brain-heart infusion broth with different levels of the studied factors and then incubated at different temperatures. the results showed that while salmonella growth was affected by all th ... | 2008 | 18683627 |
| serum transferrin saturation increase is associated with decrease of antibacterial activity of serum in patients with hfe-related genetic hemochromatosis. | patients with type 1 (hfe-related) genetic hemochromatosis are usually excluded from blood donation on the basis that this disease may facilitate bacterial infections. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum antibacterial effect against salmonella enterica typhimurium lt2 in relation to iron status. | 2008 | 18684194 |
| probiotics protect mice against experimental infections. | our group has concerned itself with the study of the effect of probiotics on the resistance to infections using experimental models. here, we will focus on evidence that the ufv-h2b20 strain of lactobacillus delbrueckii var. bulgaricus may be considered a probiotic and has protective effects on mice against a variety of bacterial infections. | 2008 | 18685501 |
| detection and count of salmonella enterica in pork and poultry meat products. | | 2008 | 18685979 |
| thic is an [fe-s] cluster protein that requires adomet to generate the 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine moiety in thiamin synthesis. | thiamin pyrophosphate is a required cofactor in all organisms. the biosynthesis of thiamin requires the independently synthesized 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate (hmp-pp) and 5-hydroxyethyl-4-methylthiazole phosphate (thz-p) moieties. in bacteria, the pyrimidine moiety is derived from 5-aminoimidazole ribotide (air), and thic is the only gene product known to be required for this conversion in vivo. we report here the purification and characterization of the thic protein ... | 2008 | 18686975 |
| antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of salmonella rissen from animals, food products, and patients in thailand and denmark. | recently we reported increases in both the number of salmonella infections due to salmonella rissen in thailand and the isolation of this serovar from pork products in thailand. the objectives of the present study were to determine the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella rissen isolates recovered from humans, food products, and animals in denmark and thailand. additionally, risk factors due to travel and consumption of specific food products were analyzed and evaluated. ... | 2008 | 18687034 |
| molecular analysis of high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhi and s. paratyphi a: need to expand the qrdr region? | fourteen strains of s. typhi (n=13) and s. paratyphi a (n=1) resistant to ciprofloxacin were compared with 30 ciprofloxacin decreased-susceptibility strains on the basis of qnr plasmid analysis, and nucleotide substitutions at gyra, gyrb, parc and pare. in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains, five s. typhi and a single s. paratyphi a showed triple mutations in gyra (ser83-->phe, asp87-->asn, glu133-->gly) and a novel mutation outside the quinolone resistance determining region (qrdr) (met52-->leu). ... | 2009 | 18687156 |
| a singular case of prophage complementation in mutational activation of recet orthologs in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | a class of mutations that suppress the recombination defects of recb mutants in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain lt2 activates the normally silent recet module of the gifsy-1 prophage. allele sbce21 is a 794-bp deletion within the immunity region of the prophage. concomitant with activating recet, sbce21 stimulates gifsy-1 excision, resulting in unstable suppression. early studies found both recb suppression and its instability to depend on the presence of the related gifsy-2 proph ... | 2008 | 18689471 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model microorganism for investigation of chemotactic behaviors in ecosystem. | motile bacteria sense changes in the concentration of chemicals in environments and respond in a behavioral manner. this behavioral response is called chemotaxis. bacterial chemotaxis can be viewed as an important prelude to metabolism, prey-predator relationships, symbiosis, infections, and other ecological interactions in biological communities. genome analysis reveals that a large number of environmental motile bacteria possess a number of genes involved in chemosensing and chemotatic signal ... | 2008 | 18691523 |
| [emergence of salmonella typhimurium monophasic serovar: determinants of antimicrobial resistance in porcine and human strains]. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a common cause of non-typhoideal salmonellosis in humans and animals; since the end of '90 a monophasic serovar defined by the antigenic formula 4,5:i:- has been emerged. this study shows occurrence of monophasic serovar in italy (lombardia region) and analyses antimicrobial resistance of 147 s. typhimurium and 45 monophasic strains. multiple drug resistance (mdr) has been detected in 94,5% and 76,6% of 55 porcine and 137 human isolates ... | 2008 | 18693398 |
| rama confers multidrug resistance in salmonella enterica via increased expression of acrb, which is inhibited by chlorpromazine. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sl1344, in which efflux pump genes (acrb, acrd, acrf, tolc) or regulatory genes thereof (mara, soxs, rama) were inactivated, was grown in the presence of 240 antimicrobial and nonantimicrobial agents in the biolog phenotype microarray. mutants lacking tolc, acrb, and rama grew significantly worse than other mutants in the presence of 48 agents (some of which have not previously been identified as substrates of acrab-tolc) and particularly poorly in the pre ... | 2008 | 18694955 |
| salmonella enterica serotype typhi from a case of breast abscess. | enteric fever is an acute systemic febrile infection caused by salmonella enterica serotype typhi. breast abscess due to s. typhi infection is a rare sequelae. we report here a classical case of salmonella typhi infection in a rare clinical form of a breast abscess in a non-lactating immuno-compromised female. | 2007 | 18697587 |
| accumulation of mutants in "aging" bacterial colonies is due to growth under selection, not stress-induced mutagenesis. | several bacterial systems show behavior interpreted as evidence for stress-induced mutagenesis (adaptive mutation), a postulated process by which nongrowing cells temporarily increase their general mutation rate. theoretical considerations suggest that periodic stress-induced general mutagenesis would not be advantageous in the long term, due to the high cost of deleterious mutations. alternative explanations have been tested for very few of the systems used as evidence for stress-induced mutati ... | 2008 | 18701713 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis for subtyping of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis is a major food-borne pathogen that caused most of salmonella infections worldwide. s. enteritidis phage type 4 (pt4) especially presents a real challenge for the classical typing methods. we developed a simple multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) assay based on three hypervariable variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) loci for subtyping of salmonella enteritidis. testing an arbitrary chosen strain collection of 110 s ... | 2009 | 18706857 |
| improvement of the live vaccine strain salmonella enterica serovar typhi ty21a for antigen delivery via the hemolysin secretion system of escherichia coli. | the attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain ty21a (ty21a) is the only attenuated live oral vaccine against typhoid fever. ty21a is also an attractive carrier for the delivery of heterologous antigens. we have used ty21a for antigen delivery via the hemolysin (hlya) secretion system of escherichia coli, the prototype of the type i secretion system (t1ss). in this study, we identified by genetic complementation that the specific mutation of rpos correlated with the hemolysin production ... | 2009 | 18706861 |
| effects of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis on cellular recruitment and cytokine gene expression in caecum of vaccinated chickens. | although vaccination of poultry is a suitable method to limit human food borne gastroenteritis caused by salmonella (s.), the immune mechanisms responsible for a longer lasting protection against salmonella infection in birds are not completely understood. to reveal unique protection-related immune parameters, day-old chicks were vaccinated with a commercial live s. enteritidis vaccine and challenged with wild-type s. enteritidis 147n at day 56 of life. the bacterial cell count was determined in ... | 2008 | 18706948 |
| membrane topology of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium group b o-antigen translocase wzx. | the o-antigen translocase, wzx, is involved in translocation of bacterial polysaccharide repeat units across the cytoplasmic membrane, and is an unusually diverse, highly hydrophobic protein, with high numbers of predicted alpha-helical transmembrane segments (tms). the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium group b o-antigen wzx was an ideal candidate for topological study as the o-antigen gene cluster is one of only a few that have been well characterized. the topology profile prediction for ... | 2008 | 18707624 |
| non-typhoidal salmonella septic arthritis in an immunocompetent child with a pharyngeal streptococcal infection. | we report the case of an immunocompetent child who showed monoarticular arthritis and fever, preceded by pharyngitis and arthralgias. because group a beta-hemolytic streptococcus had been detected in the pharyngeal swab, erythromycin was given on admission. however, based on ultrasound examination, therapy with ceftriaxone and joint fluid drainage were promptly performed, and a rapid and full recovery followed. meanwhile, salmonella enterica infection was revealed in blood and joint fluid. our c ... | 2009 | 18707909 |
| outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype newport in a beef cow-calf herd associated with exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus. | severe disease and death in cows and calves affected 1 of 3 separate groups (a, b, and c) of cattle on a commercial cow-calf operation. | 2008 | 18710321 |
| [zoonoses transmitted by mouse and rat maintained as laboratory or pet animals]. | large numbers of mice (mus spp.) and rats (rattus spp.) are maintained for scientific reasons and as pet animals in germany. while laboratory animals are monitored for pathogenic agents, the hygienic status of pet animals is usually completely unknown. despite great efforts, zoonotic infections were reported even in laboratory settings, e.g. with hantavirus (seoul virus), streptobacillus moniliformis, and trichphyton mentagrophytes. however, in current reports, zoonotic infections were transmitt ... | 2008 | 18712260 |
| impact of compounding error on strategies for subtyping pathogenic bacteria. | comparative-omics will identify a multitude of markers that can be used for intraspecific discrimination between strains of bacteria. it seems intuitive that with this plethora of markers we can construct higher resolution subtyping assays using discrete markers to define strain "barcodes." unfortunately, with each new marker added to an assay, overall assay robustness declines because errors are compounded exponentially. for example, the difference in accuracy of strain classification for an as ... | 2008 | 18713065 |