| hatchability and mortality following infection of chick embryos with subgroup a rous sarcoma virus. | an investigation, using rhode island red, new hampshire, columbian and australorp, was conducted to study the correlation between chorioallantoic membrane (cam)-infection phenotype to challenge with bryan strain of rous sarcoma virus (bs-rsv) of subgroup a and subsequent mortality, following hatching. a total of 806 cams and 438 chicks over nine hatch-replicates in three experiments provided evidence that infection via an inoculation of the cam induced rapid and high mortality, about 72%, averag ... | 1988 | 18766714 |
| influence of b complex versus non b genetic background on cellular resistance and on rous sarcoma virus-induced tumour regression in chickens. | six of eight inbred lines, segregating for the same b complex alleles, permitted a comparison of genetic backgrounds on resistance to bryan high titre rous sarcoma virus (rsv) of subgroups a, b and c. tests were based both on wing web challenge (wwc), using 682 five-week-old chicks, and on the chorioallantoic membranes (cams) of 606 twelve-day-old embryos (cam test). absence of tumour development on wwc and of pock formation on cams indicated cellular resistance to rsv (primary mechanism of gene ... | 1983 | 18766787 |
| integration of rous sarcoma virus dna: a ca dinucleotide is not required for integration of the u3 end of viral dna. | the two ends of rsv linear dna are independently inserted into host dna by integrase in vivo. we previously showed that the range of u3 sequences that are acceptable substrates for integrase appeared to be greater than the range of acceptable u5 sequences in vivo. we have done additional experiments to determine which u3 sequences are good integrase substrates. on the u3 end, there does not appear to be a stringent requirement for the canonical ca, integrase can efficiently remove three nucleoti ... | 2008 | 18768972 |
| age related resistance to avian leukosis virus. iii. infectious virus, neutralising antibody and tumours in chickens inoculated at various ages. | viraemia and neutralising antibodies were determined in chickens of six age-groups following inoculation with leukosis virus of subgroups a and b at the age of 1 day, and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks respectively. the birds were kept in a filtered air positive pressure (fapp) house. a seventh age-group, accommodated in a separate fapp-house, was used as an untreated control. serum samples, received at biweekly intervals between 1-17 weeks post-inoculation, from birds of the groups inoculated at 4, 6, ... | 1982 | 18770194 |
| role of cell-mediated immunity (cmi) in chickens inoculated with avian leukosis/sarcoma virus. | immunosuppression of chickens infected in ovo with avian leukosis virus (rav-1) by the injection of antilymphocyte serum (als) did not significantly (p > 0.05) alter the incidence or distribution of lesions in chickens between 3 and 6 months of age as compared to control groups. antilymphocyte serum treatment of rous sarcoma virus [rsv (rav-2)]-infected chickens significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited tumour regression and enhanced tumour metastasis. it was concluded that cell-mediated immunity was n ... | 1977 | 18770324 |
| polymorphisms of toll like receptors in the genetics of severe rsv associated diseases. | toll like receptors (tlrs) are an essential part of the innate immune response. so far, ten different tlrs were identified in humans. they recognize a wide range of microbial and viral pathogens. infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is still a major health problem, about 2% of all children are hospitalised due to rsv bronchiolitis during their first 2 years of live. tlr4 has already been described in association with rsv associated diseases by us and others. thus we were interested whe ... | 2008 | 18776592 |
| improved outcomes with home-based administration of palivizumab: results from the 2000-2004 palivizumab outcomes registry. | palivizumab outcomes registry data collected during 4 years were examined to assess compliance and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization rates in high-risk children receiving palivizumab prophylaxis at home compared with an outpatient setting. | 2008 | 18776822 |
| [investigations into the relationship of cell susceptibility and antibody formation and its importance in the pathogenesis of avian leukosis]. | crossbred progeny from matings of leghorn males (lines m and g), predominantly susceptible to leukosis infection, and females from a predominantly leukosis-resistant line (line r) showed a high incidence of mortality from spontaneous leukosis. immunological tests revealed that this field infection was caused by a subgroup a leukosis virus. tests for susceptibility to infection and presence of rsv antibodies in embryos and pullets respectively of lines r, g and m yielded the following results: li ... | 1975 | 18777299 |
| an antigen in normal avian cells which confuses virological and serological tests. | a cytoplasmic antigen was detected by fluorescent antibody tests in normal lymphoid and fibroblastic cells from chickens and other avian species when explanted and grown in culture. cells of the bursa of fabricius were consistently positive but cells of a proportion of thymus, spleen, bone marrow, buffy coat and embryo fibroblast cultures also were positive. eight of 19 fluorescein-conjugated chicken sera prepared for other studies on a variety of avian pathogens had antibody against the antigen ... | 1975 | 18777316 |
| genetic control of susceptibility to an a subgroup sarcoma virus in commercial chickens. | sykes line a white leghorn and line b rhode island red embryos had differences in the average pock counts on the chorio-allantoic membrane (cam) after infection with the bryan strain of rous sarcoma virus (bs-rsv). by crossing the two lines 2610 embryos comprising 38 sire families were obtained. after challenge of their cams with bs-rsv analysis of the number of resulting pocks was made to determine whether or not the cam response, a numerical trait, was controlled by simple mendelian inheritanc ... | 1973 | 18777380 |
| mavs and myd88 are essential for innate immunity but not cytotoxic t lymphocyte response against respiratory syncytial virus. | infection by rna viruses is detected by the host through toll-like receptors or rig-i-like receptors. toll-like receptors and rig-i-like receptors signal through the adaptors myd88 and mavs, respectively, to induce type i ifns (ifn-i) and other antiviral molecules, which are thought to be essential for activating the adaptive immune system. we investigated the role of these adaptors in innate and adaptive immune responses against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a common human pathogen. deleti ... | 2008 | 18780793 |
| [toll-like receptor 4 expression and function of respiratory syncytial virus-infected airway epithelial cells]. | to observe the epithelial toll like receptor (tlr)4 expression changes and the signaling pathway function after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and to explore the mechanisms of rsv-induced airway inflammation. | 2008 | 18785522 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis: a survey of pediatric solid organ transplant centers. | rsv can cause respiratory illness after sot, yet preventive recommendations are lacking for this population. to ascertain current preventive practices against rsv disease in pediatric sot candidates and recipients, a survey was developed. the survey was mailed to 108 sot programs in the united states (liver, 42; heart, 28; lung, 11; intestinal, 25; and heart-lung, 2). results were tabulated and analyzed using standard methods. sixty-two percent (67/108) of surveys were completed. forty-nine perc ... | 2009 | 18785906 |
| multiple viral respiratory pathogens in children with bronchiolitis. | the aim of the study was to describe the frequency of viral pathogens and relative frequency of co-infections in nasal specimens obtained from young children with bronchiolitis receiving care at a children's hospital. | 2009 | 18785966 |
| the challenge of respiratory virus infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. | respiratory virus infections in hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. while respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovirus, parainfluenzaviruses, and influenza viruses are well known for their potential to cause fatal pneumonia, information has only recently emerged regarding the significance of the newly discovered viruses, such as human coronaviruses nl63 and hku1, and human bocavirus. lymphopenia seems to be the most important r ... | 2008 | 18785968 |
| differential regulation of gm1 and asialo-gm1 expression by t cells and natural killer (nk) cells in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | we previously reported that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection increases lung cd8(+) t cell gm1 expression. the related lipid asialo-gm1 (asgm1) is expressed by t cells in viral infection and by natural killer (nk) cells. the in vivo co-expression of gm1 and asgm1 by immune cells is not defined. here we analyzed lung lymphocyte gm1 and asgm1 expression in rsv-infected mice. gm1 and asgm1 were coordinately upregulated by activated cd8(+) t cells in rsv-infected balb/c and c57bl/6 mice. i ... | 2008 | 18788941 |
| prevalence and clinical aspects of respiratory syncytial virus a and b groups in children seen at hospital de clínicas of uberlândia, mg, brazil. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is well recognized as the most important pathogen causing acute respiratory disease in infants and young children, mainly in the form of bronchiolitis and pneumonia. two major antigenic groups, a and b, have been identified; however, there is disagreement about the severity of the diseases caused by these two types. this study investigated a possible association between rsv groups and severity of disease. reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used ... | 2008 | 18797752 |
| experience with the use of palivizumab together with infection control measures to prevent respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) frequently causes nosocomial outbreaks in general paediatric wards and occasionally in neonatal intensive care units (nicus). conventional infection control measures often fail to prevent the spread of rsv, and it can cause significant morbidity especially in preterm and young infants. we report our experience in preventing an outbreak on a nicu after rsv had been detected in a premature infant. the index case was a 34-day-old premature infant who presented with ... | 2008 | 18799241 |
| association of tnf-alpha with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection and bronchial asthma. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf-)alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine that is important in the innate host defence and thus in the defence of infectious agents. however, in excess it provokes the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. the aim of this study was to test association of tnf with severe rsv bronchiolitis as example of an infectious disease and asthma as representative for a chronic inflammatory condition. the following study populations were genotyped for 4 polymorphisms within tnf- ... | 2009 | 18811622 |
| impairment of the cd8+ t cell response in lungs following infection with human respiratory syncytial virus is specific to the anatomical site rather than the virus, antigen, or route of infection. | a subset of the virus-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) isolated from the lungs of mice infected with human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is impaired in the ability to secrete interferon gamma (ifngamma), a measure of functionality. it was suggested that the impairment specifically suppressed the host cellular immune response, a finding that could help explain the ability of rsv to re-infect throughout life. | 2008 | 18816384 |
| respiratory syncytial virus impairs t cell activation by preventing synapse assembly with dendritic cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is one of the leading causes of infant hospitalization and a major health and economic burden worldwide. infection with this virus induces an exacerbated innate proinflammatory immune response characterized by abundant immune cell infiltration into the airways and lung tissue damage. rsv also impairs the induction of an adequate adaptive t cell immune response, which favors virus pathogenesis. unfortunately, to date there are no efficient vaccines agai ... | 2008 | 18818306 |
| identification of a movement protein of the tenuivirus rice stripe virus. | rice stripe virus (rsv) is the type member of the genus tenuivirus. rsv has four single-stranded rnas and causes severe disease in rice fields in different parts of china. to date, no reports have described how rsv spreads within host plants or the viral and/or host factor(s) required for tenuivirus movement. we investigated functions of six rsv-encoded proteins using trans-complementation experiments and biolistic bombardment. we demonstrate that nsvc4, encoded by rsv rna4, supports the interce ... | 2008 | 18818319 |
| rna interference inhibits respiratory syncytial virus replication and disease pathogenesis without inhibiting priming of the memory immune response. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of morbidity in infants, young children, and the elderly worldwide. currently, there is no effective vaccine, and antiviral drugs to control infection are limited. rna interference is a powerful tool amenable to development of antiviral drugs. using small interfering rna (sirna) targeting the rsv p gene (sirna-p), rsv replication can be silenced both in vitro and in a balb/c model of rsv infection. in this study, we examine the effect of sirna p ... | 2008 | 18818323 |
| current status of vaccines for parainfluenza virus infections. | parainfluenza viruses (piv) have been generally disregarded as pathogens in spite of their importance in pediatric lower respiratory illness. because pivs account for 17% of hospitalized illness associated virus isolation, the development of piv vaccine would be a major advance in preventing lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. we will review in detail several piv vaccine candidates and recent newer approaches to piv vaccine development. intranasally administered bovi ... | 2008 | 18820572 |
| development of recombinant sendai virus vaccines for prevention of human parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) are the most important causes of hospitalization for viral respiratory tract diseases in infants and young children. unfortunately, there are currently no licensed vaccines for prevention of these infections. researchers at st. jude children's research hospital are now developing sendai virus (sv), a natural respiratory pathogen of mice, as a jennerian vaccine for hpiv-1, and as a vaccine backbone for the prevention of rsv ... | 2008 | 18820573 |
| respiratory syncytial virus persistence: evidence in the mouse model. | several studies have described a clear association between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection in infancy and the subsequent development of persistent wheezing in children. using the mouse model we demonstrated that rsv induces long-term airway disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity (ahr). the rsv murine model offers great advantages to study the immunopathogenesis of rsv-induced long-term airway disease. mice can be challe ... | 2008 | 18820580 |
| respiratory syncytial virus persistence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is predominantly recognized as a pediatric pathogen although sensitive molecular diagnostic techniques have led to its more frequent detection in some adult settings. in some studies rsv has been detected just as frequently in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients as in those suffering disease exacerbations, leading to the suggestion that rsv may persist in copd. although some studies have found negligible rsv in stable copd, others have d ... | 2008 | 18820581 |
| lung dendritic cells in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, an important respiratory disease in infancy, is thought to be caused by severe inflammation of the small peripheral airways and has been associated with the development of recurrent wheeze, childhood asthma, and early allergen sensitization. both innate and adaptive immune responses are thought to contribute to the development of bronchiolitis in rsv infection. if vaccination and specific therapy for bronchiolitis, which are currently lacking, are ... | 2008 | 18820586 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infections: observations from tissues of fatal infant cases. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus are common causes of infantile lower respiratory tract infection (lrti). it is widely believed that both viral replication and inappropriately enhanced immune responses contribute to disease severity. in infants, rsv lrti is known to be more severe than influenza virus lrti. we compared cytokines and chemokines in secretions of infants surviving various forms of respiratory illness caused by rsv or influenza viruses, to determine which mediat ... | 2008 | 18820587 |
| development of a piv-vectored rsv vaccine: preclinical evaluation of safety, toxicity, and enhanced disease and initial clinical testing in healthy adults. | medi-534 is a bivalent live attenuated vaccine candidate against human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) that was previously shown to be immunogenic and to protect rodents and african green monkeys from wild-type (wt) hrsv challenge. we performed further preclinical evaluations to address the safety of medi-534 prior to human testing. medi-534 did not predispose rodents to enhanced rsv disease following wt-rsv challenge, and the tissue tropism of the ... | 2008 | 18822334 |
| [common viral etiologies of community acquired lower respiratory tract infections in young children and their relationship with long term complications]. | viral lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) and their late complications are important causes of morbidity and mortality in childhood. the aims of this study were the detection of viral agents that cause community-acquired lrtis in young children and investigation of the relationship between viral etiology and bronchiolitis obliterans (bo) which is one of the late complications of lrtis. a total of 151 children (86 male, 65 female; mean age: 2.9 +/- 1.9 years) who were diagnosed to have lrt ... | 2008 | 18822886 |
| [investigation of viral nucleic acids in middle-ear effusion specimens from children with acute otitis media]. | acute otitis media with effusion (ome) is one of the major causes of antibiotic use, indication for operation and hearing loss in children. in two third of the cases the etiologic agents are bacteria. nonetheless, increasing numbers of reports have implicated viruses as etiologic agents that may have some effect on prognosis of ome. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of nucleic acids of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) type a and b, influenza type a virus, adenovirus, cytomeg ... | 2008 | 18822887 |
| isolation, characterization, molecular cloning and modeling of a new lipid transfer protein with antiviral and antiproliferative activities from narcissus tazetta. | a fetuin-binding peptide with a molecular mass of about 9kda (designated ntp) was isolated and purified from the bulbs of chinese daffodil, narcissus tazetta var. chinensis l., by gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography, after removing the mannose-binding proteins by mannose-agarose column. molecular cloning revealed that ntp contained an open reading frame of 354bp encoding a polypeptide of 118 amino acids which included a 26-amino-acid signal peptide. an analysis of the deduc ... | 2008 | 18824058 |
| viral pathogens in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | the objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and other viral respiratory pathogens in emergency department (ed) patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd). copd patients presenting to the ed with <10 days of aecopd symptoms were eligible. we used pcr to test nasal swabs for common viral respiratory pathogens. we completed viral studies on 76 patients from two eds. patients had a mean age of 72 years, and ... | 2008 | 18825480 |
| respiratory syncytial virus persistence in the lungs correlates with airway hyperreactivity in the mouse model. | previous studies in mice showed that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was associated with rsv rna persistence. this study was designed to characterize the significance of rsv rna persistence and its relation to rsv-induced chronic airway disease. | 2008 | 18828742 |
| mixed respiratory virus infections. | mixed respiratory viral infections are double negative common and evidence that they are associated with severe disease is supported by some groups. this controversial observation can be explained by the lack of sensitivity of the assessed methods used for viral identification and by the small number of patients included in the randomized cohorts studied. most studies showed that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is identified in about 70% of hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis during season ... | 2008 | 18829380 |
| human bocavirus infection in children with respiratory tract disease. | human bocavirus (hbov) is a ubiquitous, newly described member of the parvoviridae family frequently detected in the respiratory tract of children, but only few reports provide data proving the link between hbov and respiratory tract disease (rtd). | 2008 | 18833027 |
| inhibition of g1p3 expression found in the differential display study on respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading viral pathogen associated with bronchiolitis and lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. the respiratory epithelium is the primary initiator of pulmonary inflammation in rsv infections, which cause significant perturbations of global gene expression controlling multiple cellular processes. in this study, differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed to examine mrna ... | 2008 | 18838000 |
| oxygen-independent stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor (hif)-1 during rsv infection. | background: hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (hif)-1alpha is a transcription factor that functions as master regulator of mammalian oxygen homeostasis. in addition, recent studies identified a role for hif-1alpha as transcriptional regulator during inflammation or infection. based on studies showing that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is among the most potent biological stimuli to induce an inflammatory milieu, we hypothesized a role of hif-1alpha as transcriptional regulator during infections with ... | 2008 | 18839041 |
| clinical disease and viral load in children infected with respiratory syncytial virus or human metapneumovirus. | the relationship between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) quantity in respiratory secretions and severity of illness in children remains unclear. we assessed the effect of hmpv and rsv viral load as determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on disease characteristics. data were abstracted from medical records of 418 children with rsv and 81 children with hmpv; associations were evaluated in multivariate analyses, both continuously and compari ... | 2008 | 18842376 |
| the secreted form of respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein helps the virus evade antibody-mediated restriction of replication by acting as an antigen decoy and through effects on fc receptor-bearing leukocytes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) readily infects and reinfects during infancy and throughout life, despite maternal antibodies and immunity from prior infection and without the need for significant antigenic change. rsv has two neutralization antigens, the f and g virion glycoproteins. g is expressed in both membrane-bound (mg) and secreted (sg) forms. we investigated whether sg might act as a decoy for neutralizing antibodies by comparing the in vitro neutralization of wild-type (wt) rsv versu ... | 2008 | 18842713 |
| pulmonary immunity and immunopathology: lessons from respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and is an important source of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and immunocompromised. this review will discuss the humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses to rsv infection and how these responses are shaped in the immature immune system of the infant and the aged environment of the elderly. furthermore, we will provide an overview of our current understanding of the role the various arms ... | 2008 | 18844597 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: an important cause of acute respiratory illness among young adults undergoing military training. | military recruits receiving training are vulnerable to acute respiratory disease and a significant proportion of illness is due to unidentified pathogens. while some countries use surveillance programs to monitor such illness, few data exist for recruits of the british armed forces. | 2007 | 18846262 |
| differential recruitment of dendritic cells and monocytes to respiratory mucosal sites in children with influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus infection. | influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are among the most common viruses causing infections of the lower respiratory tract in young children. although there are important differences in the immunopathogenesis of these 2 viral pathogens, little is known about how they affect antigen-presenting cells in children with acute infections. | 2008 | 18847373 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment and nonstructural proteins modify the type i interferon response associated with suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) proteins and ifn-stimulated gene-15 (isg15). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe lower airway disease in infants and young children, but no safe and effective rsv vaccine is yet available. factors attributing to this problem are associated with an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms by which rsv modulates the host cell response to infection. in the present study, we investigate suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs)-1 and socs3 expression associated with the type i ifn and ifn-stimulated gene (isg)-15 respo ... | 2008 | 18851747 |
| protective effect of a rsv subunit vaccine candidate g1f/m2 was enhanced by a hsp70-like protein in mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major respiratory pathogen in newborns. neonate vaccine should induce strong protective immunity. we have engineered a subunit vaccine candidate g1f/m2. a major problem in developing subunit vaccines is their limited immunogenicity. aluminium adjuvants with a long history of use with routine childhood vaccines have some limitations, especially inability to elicit ctl response. there is a need for alternative adjuvants. heat shock proteins (hsps) are charact ... | 2008 | 18851947 |
| human genetic factors and respiratory syncytial virus disease severity. | summary: to explain the wide spectrum of disease severity caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and because of the limitations of animal models to fully parallel human rsv disease, study of genetic influences on human rsv disease severity has begun. candidate gene approaches have demonstrated associations of severe rsv in healthy infants with genetic polymorphisms that may alter the innate ability of humans to control rsv (surfactants, toll-like receptor 4, cell surface adhesion molecules, ... | 2008 | 18854487 |
| comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of 2 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines--nonadjuvanted vaccine or vaccine adjuvanted with alum--given concomitantly with influenza vaccine to high-risk elderly individuals. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been recognized recently as an important adult pathogen. | 2008 | 18855558 |
| first detection of human metapneumovirus in children with respiratory infections in romania. | the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was first isolated in 2001 in the netherlands (van der hoogen and collaborators) from a nasopharyngeal aspirate sampled from an infant. based on the morphological, biochemical and genetic characteristics, the hmpv was initially classified in the genus metapneumovirus with the avian metapneumovirus (apv), the agent causing the respiratory infections of the upper tract in turkeys and other birds. subsequently, together with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), it ... | 2007 | 18928061 |
| the cost-effectiveness of palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in premature infants with a gestational age of 32-35 weeks: a canadian-based analysis . | prophylactic therapy with palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, has been shown to reduce the number of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related hospitalizations in preterm infants, including those in the 32-35 weeks' gestational age (ga) subgroup. the cost-effectiveness of this therapy in canada is unknown. | 2008 | 18928643 |
| antiviral activity of nrf2 in a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequent cause of significant lower respiratory illness in infants and young children, but its pathogenesis is not fully understood. the transcription factor nrf2 protects lungs from oxidative injury and inflammation via antioxidant response element (are)-mediated gene induction. | 2009 | 18931336 |
| wheezing illness caused by respiratory syncytial virus and other agents. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and other pathogenic agents cause lower respiratory infection with wheezing in infants (wheezing illness in infancy). wheezing illness in infancy due to rsv can be life-threatening and can induce recurrent wheezing; but these events can also be produced by infection by other pathogenic agents. thus, whether rsv induces more severe wheezing illness in infancy remains poorly understood. | 2008 | 18937754 |
| diversity among isolates of bean pod mottle virus. | abstract isolates of bean pod mottle virus (bpmv), a member of the genus comovirus, collected from soybean fields in kentucky, virginia, arkansas, and iowa were classified into two distinct subgroups, i and ii, based on nucleic acid hybridization analysis using cloned cdna probes to rna-1 from bpmv strains k-g7 and k-ha1. slot blot hybridization analysis using cloned cdna probes to rna-2 from the same two strains (k-g7 and k-ha1), however, revealed that some of the isolates, initially classified ... | 2002 | 18942958 |
| lipopolysaccharide induces il-6 production in respiratory syncytial virus-infected airway epithelial cells through the toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of bronchiolitis in young children. microbial agents such as endotoxin and rsv are implicated in airway inflammation during the development of reactive airway disease (rad) later in childhood. toll-like receptors (tlrs) are involved in an inflammation cascade through pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition including lipopolysaccharide (lps) and viral components. in this study, we investigated the expression of tlrs and cytokine-chemo ... | 2009 | 18948841 |
| respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins uptake occurs through clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a human epithelial cell line. | cell-surface viral proteins most frequently enter the cell through clathrin or caveolae endocytosis. respiratory syncytial virus antigen internalization by immune cells is via caveolin, however, uptake of paramyxovirus cell membrane proteins by non-immune cells is done through clathrin-coated pits. in this work, the uptake of respiratory syncytial virus cell surface glycoproteins by non-immune human epithelial cells was investigated through indirect immunofluorescence with polyclonal anti-rsv an ... | 2008 | 18950517 |
| inhibition of na+ transport in lung epithelial cells by respiratory syncytial virus infection. | we investigated the mechanisms by which respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection decreases vectorial na+ transport across respiratory epithelial cells. mouse tracheal epithelial (mte) cells from either balb/c or c57bl/6 mice and human airway h441 cells were grown on semipermeable supports under an air-liquid interface. cells were infected with rsv-a2 and mounted in ussing chambers for measurements of short-circuit currents (i(sc)). infection with rsv for 24 hours (multiplicity of infection = ... | 2009 | 18952569 |
| potential anti-respiratory syncytial virus lead compounds from aglaia species. | although the global prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, especially among infants and young children is on the increase, there are only limited therapeutic options for treatment of this disease. therefore, the search for novel antiviral inhibitors of rsv has become more intensive. in a pilot screening of eighteen compounds from various aglaia species for anti-rsv activity, we identified dammarenolic acid (ignt1), aglaiol (dupt1) and niloticin (cuct1) as potential anti-rsv c ... | 2008 | 18972843 |
| new strategies for control of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to report on recent progress on the development and implementation of a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), on investigations of the mechanism of action of prophylactic antibodies and the potential for increased efficacy of those antibodies, and on candidate antiviral drugs against rsv. | 2008 | 18978532 |
| macrophage impairment underlies airway occlusion in primary respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most important cause of bronchiolitis in infants, the pathogenesis of rsv disease is poorly described. we studied histopathologic changes in a panel of lung tissue specimens obtained from infants with fatal cases of primary rsv infection. in these tissues, airway occlusion with accumulations of infected, apoptotic cellular debris and serum protein was consistently observed. similar observations were found after rsv infection in new zeal ... | 2008 | 18980502 |
| cutting edge: eosinophils do not contribute to respiratory syncytial virus vaccine-enhanced disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of balb/c mice previously immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus (vacv) expressing the attachment (g) protein of rsv (vacvg) results in pulmonary eosinophilia, which mimics the response of formalin-inactivated rsv-vaccinated children, as well as increased weight loss, clinical illness, and enhanced pause (penh). we show that rsv infection of eosinophil-deficient mice previously immunized with vacvg results in the development of increased weight lo ... | 2008 | 18981084 |
| use of the seeplex rv detection kit for surveillance of respiratory viral outbreaks in toronto, ontario, canada. | the seeplex rv detection kit was used to identify specific respiratory viruses from specimens collected during respiratory outbreaks in the greater toronto area from 1 september 2007 to 1 february 2008. two hundred-thirty-one patient samples (nasopharyngeal swabs) were collected from 63 respiratory outbreaks. the distribution of outbreaks characterized by molecular means was: 30% (n=19) no identification; 52.5% (n=33) one pathogen; 14.5% (n=9) two pathogens; and 3% (n=2) three pathogens. in cont ... | 2008 | 18988931 |
| a novel active respiratory syncytial virus surveillance system in the united states: variability in the local and regional incidence of infection. | to characterize the onset, peak, and duration of the rsv season in major metropolitan areas in the united states as determined from laboratory test data collected by a novel rsv surveillance program (rsv alert), including regional and national trends. | 2008 | 18989237 |
| mechanical ventilation enhances lung inflammation and caspase activity in a model of mouse pneumovirus infection. | severe infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children can progress to respiratory distress and acute lung injury (ali). accumulating evidence suggests that mechanical ventilation (mv) is an important cofactor in the development of ali by modulating the host immune responses to bacteria. this study investigates whether mv enhances the host response to pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), a mouse pneumovirus that has been used as a model for rsv infection in humans. balb/c mice were inocul ... | 2009 | 18996903 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the human respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid protein. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) has a nonsegmented negative-stranded rna genome which is encapsidated by the hrsv nucleocapsid protein (hrsvn) that is essential for viral replication. hrsv is a common cause of respiratory infection in infants, yet no effective antiviral drugs to combat it are available. recent data from an experimental anti-hrsv compound, rsv-604, indicate that hrsvn could be the target site for drug action. here, the expression, purification and preliminary data collec ... | 2008 | 18997331 |
| a serum-free vero production platform for a chimeric virus vaccine candidate. | medimmune vaccines has engineered a live, attenuated chimeric virus that could prevent infections caused by parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), causative agents of acute respiratory diseases in infants and young children. the work here details the development of a serum-free vero cell culture production platform for this virus vaccine candidate. efforts to identify critical process parameters and optimize culture conditions increased infectious virus titers b ... | 2006 | 19002888 |
| effect of variation in rantes promoter on serum rantes levels and risk of recurrent wheezing after rsv bronchiolitis in children from han, southern china. | to investigate the association among rantes (regulated on activation normal t cell expressed and secreted) gene promoter polymorphism, serum rantes levels, and recurrent wheezing after rsv (respiratory syncytial virus) bronchiolitis in children (1-12 months of age) from han, southern china. three hundred twenty children with rsv bronchiolitis and 272 controls were enrolled in the 3-year follow-up study. the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-relp), enzyme-lin ... | 2009 | 19005677 |
| identification of antibody neutralization epitopes on the fusion protein of human metapneumovirus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is genetically related to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv); both cause respiratory tract illnesses ranging from a mild cough to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. the f protein-directed monoclonal antibody (mab) palivizumab has been shown to prevent severe lower respiratory tract rsv infection in animals and humans. we have previously reported on a panel of mabs against the hmpv f protein that neutralize hmpv in vitro and, in two cases, in vivo. here we describe the gener ... | 2008 | 19008400 |
| tlr4 and myd88 control protection and pulmonary granulocytic recruitment in a murine intranasal rsv immunization and challenge model. | an intranasal vaccine composed of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) ligand neisseria meningitidis outer membrane proteins and toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) ligand shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide (lps) (protollin) and enriched respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) proteins (ersv) has been demonstrated to promote balanced th1/th2 responses without eosinophil recruitment and to protect against challenge in mouse models. we used tlr2, tlr4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) knock-out (-/-) mice ... | 2009 | 19013492 |
| characterization of a persistent respiratory syncytial virus showing a low-fusogenic activity associated to an impaired f protein. | in this work we have characterized the virus (rsv(48)) present in passage 48 of a respiratory syncytial virus persistently infected murine macrophage-like cell culture. this virus was noncytopathic in macrophages and had a low-fusogenic activity in rsv-permissive cell lines, although the level of this activity varied among the different cell lines tested. the fusogenic activity of rsv(48) in vero cells, as evaluated by the number and size (nuclei per syncytium) of syncytia, was lower than that s ... | 2009 | 19014983 |
| the number of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific memory cd8 t cells in the lung is critical for their ability to inhibit rsv vaccine-enhanced pulmonary eosinophilia. | children that were administered a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) vaccine experienced enhanced respiratory disease, including pulmonary eosinophilia, after contracting a natural rsv infection. rsv vaccine-enhanced disease can be mimicked in balb/c mice immunized with either fi-rsv or with a recombinant vaccinia virus (vacv) expressing the rsv attachment (g) protein. we have recently demonstrated that memory cd8 t cells directed against the rsv immunodominant m2(82-90) e ... | 2008 | 19017987 |
| respiratory syncytial virus activates innate immunity through toll-like receptor 2. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of infection that is associated with a range of respiratory illnesses, from common cold-like symptoms to serious lower respiratory tract illnesses such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis. rsv is the single most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in children <1 year of age. host innate and acquired immune responses activated following rsv infection have been suspected to contribute to rsv disease. toll-like receptors (tlrs) a ... | 2009 | 19019963 |
| strategies for preventing respiratory syncytial virus. | prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection-crucial for decreasing the burden associated with this disease-is discussed. | 2008 | 19020197 |
| hospital pharmacists' role in the prevention and management of respiratory syncytial virus. | the role pharmacists play in managing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is discussed. | 2008 | 19020199 |
| impact of respiratory syncytial virus in the united states. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is most common in infants and young children, with almost all children experiencing at least one infection by their second birthday. | 2008 | 19020201 |
| identification and management of severe respiratory syncytial virus. | identifying children at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) so that the most appropriate management strategies can be implemented, thereby reducing the morbidity associated with this disease, is discussed. | 2008 | 19020202 |
| innate immune response and bronchiolitis and preschool recurrent wheeze. | bronchiolitis and preschool recurrent wheeze (psrw) are common paediatric problems causing significant morbidity and mortality in the first years of life. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rhinoviruses are the commonest pathogens associated with these illnesses. why some infants are severely affected, requiring admission to hospital, whilst others experience a simple cold is not fully understood: research has suggested that the innate immune response to these viruses is important. the innate ... | 2008 | 19026366 |
| identification of viral and atypical bacterial pathogens in children hospitalized with acute respiratory infections in hong kong by multiplex pcr assays. | acute respiratory tract infection is a leading cause of hospital admission of children. this study used a broad capture, rapid and sensitive method (multiplex pcr assay) to detect 20 different respiratory pathogens including influenza a subtypes h1, h3, and h5; influenza b; parainfluenza types 1, 2, 3, and 4; respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) groups a and b; adenoviruses; human rhinoviruses; enteroviruses; human metapneumoviruses; human coronaviruses oc43, 229e, and sars-cov; chlamydophila pneum ... | 2009 | 19031443 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children admitted to hospital but ventilated mechanically for other reasons. | one thousand five hundred sixty-eight rsv infections were documented prospectively in 1,541 pediatric patients. of these, 20 (1.3%) had acquired the rsv infection while treated by mechanical ventilation for reasons other than the actual rsv infection (group ventilated mechanically). the clinical characteristics of children who were infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection while ventilated mechanically for other reasons are described and compared with a matched control group. six ... | 2009 | 19031467 |
| persistent adenovirus-mediated thymidine kinase gene expression in ovarian cancer cells increases cell killing efficacy over time. | adenovirus (adv)-mediated gene therapy with the thymidine kinase (tk) gene under control of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) promotor followed by the administration of acyclovir has been established in vitro for the treatment of ovarian cancer cells and has been used as the basis for intraperitoneal phase i clinical trials. it is unclear how long a significant degree of transgene translation can be expected after adenovirus-mediated tk transduction, where the transcriptional complex is localized in ... | 2008 | 19035280 |
| antiviral activity of benzimidazole derivatives. i. antiviral activity of 1-substituted-2-[(benzotriazol-1/2-yl)methyl]benzimidazoles. | forty-three 2-[(benzotriazol-1/2-yl)methyl]benzimidazoles, bearing either linear (dialkylamino)alkyl- or bulkier (quinolizidin-1-yl)alkyl moieties at position 1, were evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against viruses representative of two of the three genera of the flaviviridae family, i.e. flaviviruses (yellow fever virus (yfv)) and pestiviruses (bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv)), as hepaciviruses can hardly be used in routine cell-based assays. compounds ... | 2008 | 19035566 |
| molecular characterization of strains of respiratory syncytial virus identified in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant outpatient unit over 2 years: community or nosocomial infection? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is recognized as the leading cause of nosocomial respiratory infection among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. rsv is easily transmitted by contact with contaminated surfaces, and in hsct units, more than 50% of rsv infections have been characterized as of nosocomial origin. from april 2001 to october 2002, rsv was identified by direct immunofluorescent assay in 42 symptomatic hsct recipients. sev ... | 2008 | 19041056 |
| comparison of four nasal sampling methods for the detection of viral pathogens by rt-pcr-a ga(2)len project. | the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and patient discomfort between four techniques for obtaining nasal secretions. nasal secretions from 58 patients with symptoms of a common cold, from three clinical centers (amsterdam, lodz, oslo), were obtained by four different methods: swab, aspirate, brush, and wash. in each patient all four sampling procedures were performed and patient discomfort was evaluated by a visual discomfort scale (scale 1-5) after each procedure. single pathogen rt ... | 2009 | 19041346 |
| association of respiratory virus activity and environmental factors with the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease. | to correlate the incidence rate of invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd) with fluctuations in respiratory virus activity and environmental factors in christchurch, new zealand. | 2009 | 19042025 |
| the impact of laboratory characteristics on molecular detection of respiratory syncytial virus in a european multicentre quality control study. | the performance of nucleic acid amplification techniques for detecting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was evaluated in 25 laboratories across europe by an external quality assessment study. in addition, factors related to the diagnostic performance of laboratories were explored. the results of this quality control study show that the performance of laboratories for rsv diagnosis in europe is good, with an overall correct score of 88%. the type of assay (nested or real-time pcr vs. commercial ... | 2008 | 19046164 |
| immunoprophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with palivizumab in children: a systematic review and economic evaluation. | to systematically review the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of palivizumab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children and examine prognostic factors to determine whether subgroups can be identified with important differences in cost-effectiveness. | 2008 | 19049692 |
| virus-specific ige enhances airway responsiveness on reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus in newborn mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific ige is a component of the host response to rsv infection, but its role in the subsequent enhancement of altered airway responsiveness is unknown. | 2009 | 19056111 |
| overcoming t cell-mediated immunopathology to achieve safe rsv vaccination. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in young children. premature infants, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly exhibit an increased risk for the development of severe disease after rsv infection. currently, there is not a safe and effective rsv vaccine available, in part due to our incomplete understanding of how severe immunopathology was induced following rsv infection of children previously immunized with a formalin-inactivated r ... | 2008 | 19057653 |
| evaluation of nanogen mgb alert detection reagents in a multiplex real-time pcr for influenza virus types a and b and respiratory syncytial virus. | a multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay that detects influenza a, influenza b and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using the mgb alert influenza a&b/rsv detection reagent ruo (nanogen, san diego, ca) was developed. the nanogen detection reagents consist of pcr primers and minor groove binder-conjugated hybridization probes for each virus and an internal control. virus typing was determined by post-pcr melt curve analysis. a non-competitive armored rna internal control was co-extracted with each samp ... | 2009 | 19061916 |
| prevalence of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis in infants presenting to the emergency department with bronchiolitis. | the clinical presentation of bordetella pertussis can overlap with that of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and coinfection does occur, but management differs. | 2011 | 19062227 |
| palivizumab: where to from here? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of respiratory tract infections. in severely immunosuppressed patients rsv can cause significant morbidity and mortality. the only fda-approved drug for rsv is aerosolized ribavirin. given the high morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations and inconsistent results with aerosolized ribavirin, new strategies for prevention and treatment of rsv are being sought. palivizumab is an rsv-specific monoclonal antibody. a randomized, double-blind, ... | 2009 | 19063700 |
| a predictive model for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalisation of premature infants born at 33-35 weeks of gestational age, based on data from the spanish flip study. | the aim of this study, conducted in europe, was to develop a validated risk factor based model to predict rsv-related hospitalisation in premature infants born 33-35 weeks' gestational age (ga). | 2008 | 19063742 |
| antiviral activities of extracts from hong kong seaweeds. | we extracted six hong kong brown seaweed species with hot water for their antiviral properties. the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of these extracts were tested by mtt [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenlytetrezolium bromide] method, cytopathic effect reduction assay, and plaque reduction assay. the antiviral effect was further determined by flow cytometric analysis. the results showed that most of these extracts inhibited the propagation of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 an ... | 2008 | 19067465 |
| [action of an active compound rg2-1 from radix gentianae on antirespiratory syncytial virus in vitro]. | to observe an action of an active compound rg2-1 from radix gentianae on the antirespiratory syncytial virus(rsv) in vitro. | 2008 | 19069662 |
| excess drug prescriptions during influenza and rsv seasons in the netherlands: potential implications for extended influenza vaccination. | influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are responsible for considerable morbidity, mortality and health-care resource use. for the netherlands, we estimated age and risk-group specific numbers of antibiotics, otologicals and cardiovascular prescriptions per 10,000 person-years during periods with elevated activity of influenza or rsv, and compared these with peri-season rates. data were taken from the university of groningen in-house prescription database (www.iadb.nl) and vi ... | 2009 | 19071185 |
| protective t cell immunity against respiratory syncytial virus is efficiently induced by recombinant bcg. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the leading causes of childhood hospitalization and a major health burden worldwide. unfortunately, because of an inefficient immunological memory, rsv infection provides limited immune protection against reinfection. furthermore, rsv can induce an inadequate th2-type immune response that causes severe respiratory tract inflammation and obstruction. it is thought that effective rsv clearance requires the induction of balanced th1-type immunity, involvi ... | 2008 | 19075247 |
| lack of antibody affinity maturation due to poor toll-like receptor stimulation leads to enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants. a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine was used to immunize children and elicited nonprotective, pathogenic antibody. immunized infants experienced increased morbidity after subsequent rsv exposure. no vaccine has been licensed since that time. a widely accepted hypothesis attributed the vaccine failure to formalin disruption of protective antigens. here we show that the lack of protection was not due to alterations ... | 2009 | 19079256 |
| high seroprevalence of human metapneumovirus infection in children in chongqing, china. | the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a newly discovered respiratory viral pathogen that was first isolated in 2001 in the netherlands. its global distribution and long history of infection in humans have been well documented. in this study, we assessed the seropositivity of hmpv igg antibodies in children in chongqing, china. | 2008 | 19080178 |
| [evolution of the number of rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections in children hospitalised in a french university hospital between 1998 and 2005]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rotavirus infections represent up to 30% of cross infections in pediatric units. as they are a major public health problem, we studied their evolution and distribution at the dijon university hospital. | 2010 | 19081201 |
| comprehensive detection of causative pathogens using real-time pcr to diagnose pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. | we have developed a real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) method to detect 13 respiratory viruses: influenza virus a and b; respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroup a and b; parainfluenza virus (piv) 1, 2, and 3; adenovirus; rhinovirus (rv); enterovirus; coronavirus (oc43); human metapneumovirus (hmpv); and human bocavirus (hbov). the new method for detection of these viruses was applied simultaneously with real-time pcr for the detection of six bacterial pathogens in clinical samples f ... | 2008 | 19089556 |
| structural characterization of the rous sarcoma virus rna stability element. | in eukaryotic cells, an mrna bearing a premature termination codon (ptc) or an abnormally long 3' untranslated region (utr) is often degraded by the nonsense-mediated mrna decay (nmd) pathway. despite the presence of a 5- to 7-kb 3' utr, unspliced retroviral rna escapes this degradation. we previously identified the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) stability element (rse), an rna element downstream of the gag natural translation termination codon that prevents degradation of the unspliced viral rna. ins ... | 2009 | 19091866 |