| multiple abiotic stimuli are integrated in the regulation of rice gene expression under field conditions. | plants rely on transcriptional dynamics to respond to multiple climatic fluctuations and contexts in nature. we analyzed the genome-wide gene expression patterns of rice (oryza sativa) growing in rainfed and irrigated fields during two distinct tropical seasons and determined simple linear models that relate transcriptomic variation to climatic fluctuations. these models combine multiple environmental parameters to account for patterns of expression in the field of co-expressed gene clusters. we ... | 2015 | 26609814 |
| floury endosperm7 encodes a regulator of starch synthesis and amyloplast development essential for peripheral endosperm development in rice. | in cereal crops, starch synthesis and storage depend mainly on a specialized class of plastids, termed amyloplasts. despite the importance of starch, the molecular machinery regulating starch synthesis and amyloplast development remains largely unknown. here, we report the characterization of the rice (oryza sativa) floury endosperm7 (flo7) mutant, which develops a floury-white endosperm only in the periphery and not in the inner portion. consistent with the phenotypic alternation in flo7 endosp ... | 2016 | 26608643 |
| the impact of elevated co2 and temperature on grain quality of rice grown under open-air field conditions. | rising atmospheric co2 is accompanied by global warming. however, interactive effects of elevated co2 and temperature have not been well studied on grain quality of rice. a japonica cultivar was grown in the field using a free-air co2 enrichment facility in combination with a canopy air temperature increase system in 2014. the gas fumigation (200 µmol mol(-1) above ambient co2 ) and temperature increase (1 °c above ambient air temperature) were performed from tillering until maturity. | 2016 | 26608560 |
| response of two rice cultivars differing in their sensitivity towards arsenic, differs in their expression of glutaredoxin and glutathione s transferase genes and antioxidant usage. | embodied study investigates the role of grx and associated antioxidant enzymes in the detoxification mechanism between arsenic (as) sensitive (usar-3) and tolerant cultivar (pant dhan 11) of oryza sativa against as(iii) and as(v), under gsh enriched, and gsh deprived conditions. the overall growth and physiological parameters in sensitive cultivar were lower than the tolerant cultivar, against various treatments of as(iii) and as(v). the as accumulation in sensitive cv. against both as(iii) and ... | 2016 | 26606179 |
| taxa21-a1 on chromosome 5al is associated with resistance to multiple pests in wheat. | the wheat ortholog of the rice gene osxa21 against bacterial leaf blight showed resistance to multiple pests in bread wheat but different interacting proteins. | 2016 | 26602233 |
| oryza sativa chloroplast signal recognition particle 43 (oscpsrp43) is required for chloroplast development and photosynthesis. | a rice chlorophyll-deficient mutant w67 was isolated from an ethyl methane sulfonate (ems)-induced ir64 (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) mutant bank. the mutant exhibited a distinct yellow-green leaf phenotype in the whole plant growth duration with significantly reduced levels of chlorophyll and carotenoid, impaired chloroplast development and lowered capacity of photosynthesis compared with the wild-type ir64. expression of a number of genes associated with chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast bio ... | 2015 | 26600124 |
| improving key enzyme activities and quality of rice under various methods of zinc application. | zinc (zn) is an important micronutrient for the physiology of plants. it is poorly available to the plants in soil solution. a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of various zn application methods on key enzyme activities and protein content of two contrasting rice genotypes viz., pd16 (zn efficient) and ndr359 (zn inefficient). the treatments were, control (0 mg zn kg(-1) soil), soil application (5 mg zn kg(-1) soil), foliar application (0.5 % znso4 + 0.25 % lime at 30, 60 an ... | 2015 | 26597356 |
| exogenous spermidine alleviates oxidative damage and reduce yield loss in rice submerged at tillering stage. | to figure out whether spermidine (spd) can alleviate oxidative damage on rice (oryza sativa l.) caused by submergence stress, ningjing 3 was used in this study. the results showed that, spraying spd on rice leaves at a concentration of 0.5 mm promoted the growth recovery of rice after drainage, such as green leaves, tillers, and aboveground dry mass. according to physiological analysis, spd accelerate restored chlorophylls damage by submergence, and decreased the rate of [formula: see text] gene ... | 2015 | 26583021 |
| integrated pathway-based and network-based analysis of gc-ms rice metabolomics data under diazinon stress to infer affected biological pathways. | diazinon insecticide is widely applied in rice (oryza sativa l.) fields in iran. however, concerns are now being raised about its potential adverse impacts on rice. in this study, a time-course metabolic change in rice plants was investigated after diazinon treatment using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and subsequently three different methods, metaboanalyst, metabonetwork, and analysis of reporter reactions, as a potential multivariate method were used to find the underlying chang ... | 2016 | 26582432 |
| root aeration improves growth and nitrogen accumulation in rice seedlings under low nitrogen. | in wetland soils, changes in oxygen (o2) level in the rhizosphere are believed to influence the behaviour of nutrients and their usage by plants. however, the effect of aeration on nitrogen (n) acquisition under different n supply conditions remains largely unknown. in this study, the rice cultivars yangdao 6 (yd6, with higher root aerenchyma abundance) and nongken 57 (nk57, with lower root aerenchyma abundance) were used to evaluate the effects of aeration on rice growth and n accumulation. our ... | 2015 | 26578743 |
| tenor: database for comprehensive mrna-seq experiments in rice. | here we present tenor (transcriptome encyclopedia of rice, http://tenor.dna.affrc.go.jp), a database that encompasses large-scale mrna sequencing (mrna-seq) data obtained from rice under a wide variety of conditions. since the elucidation of the ability of plants to adapt to various growing conditions is a key issue in plant sciences, it is of great interest to understand the regulatory networks of genes responsible for environmental changes. we used mrna-seq and performed a time-course transcri ... | 2016 | 26578693 |
| rna-seq reveals differentially expressed genes of rice (oryza sativa) spikelet in response to temperature interacting with nitrogen at meiosis stage. | rice (oryza sativa) is one of the most important cereal crops, providing food for more than half of the world's population. however, grain yields are challenged by various abiotic stresses such as drought, fertilizer, heat, and their interaction. rice at reproductive stage is much more sensitive to environmental temperatures, and little is known about molecular mechanisms of rice spikelet in response to high temperature interacting with nitrogen (n). | 2015 | 26576634 |
| flux balance analysis of genome-scale metabolic model of rice (oryza sativa): aiming to increase biomass. | due to socio-economic reasons, it is essential to design efficient stress-tolerant, more nutritious, high yielding rice varieties. a systematic understanding of the rice cellular metabolism is essential for this purpose. here, we analyse a genome-scale metabolic model of rice leaf using flux balance analysis to investigate whether it has potential metabolic flexibility to increase the biosynthesis of any of the biomass components. we initially simulate the metabolic responses under an objective ... | 2015 | 26564982 |
| germination and extrusion as combined processes for reducing phytates and increasing phenolics content and antioxidant capacity of oryza sativa l. whole grain flours. | whole rice (wr) products with low phytic acid (pa) content and enhanced bio-functional components were obtained by the combination of germination and extrusion processes. germination conditions (24 h - 35 °c), with a previous soaking process (24 h - 20 °c), were chosen according to the remnant pa content and germination rate. specific mechanical energy consumption, expansion, sensorial and mechanical hardness, specific volume, solubility, water absorption, free phenolic content (fpc) and antioxi ... | 2015 | 26560879 |
| finding the subcellular location of barley, wheat, rice and maize proteins: the compendium of crop proteins with annotated locations (croppal). | barley, wheat, rice and maize provide the bulk of human nutrition and have extensive industrial use as agricultural products. the genomes of these crops each contains >40,000 genes encoding proteins; however, the major genome databases for these species lack annotation information of protein subcellular location for >80% of these gene products. we address this gap, by constructing the compendium of crop protein subcellular locations called crop proteins with annotated locations (croppal). subcel ... | 2016 | 26556651 |
| toxicological effects of bisphenol a on growth and antioxidant defense system in oryza sativa as revealed by ultrastructure analysis. | the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of bisphenol a (bpa) on rice seedlings grown in a hydroponic system. the obtained results demonstrated that at lower concentration (up to 10µm) bpa had some stimulatory effects on the growth of rice seedlings but at higher doses it significantly inhibited seedlings growth. the photosynthetic pigments were significantly decreased by high doses of bpa. exposure to bpa caused increased membrane permeability in root cells and resulted in increas ... | 2016 | 26547398 |
| exploration of rice pistil responses during early post-pollination through a combined proteomic and transcriptomic analysis. | pollen-stigma interaction is a multi-step and complex physiological process which contains different signaling and biochemical pathways. however, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying this process in rice (oryza sativa). in this study, the changes of gene expression were investigated through a combination study of transcriptome and proteome profiles in rice pistil during pollination. totally, 1117 differentially expressed genes were identified, among which 962 and 167 were det ... | 2016 | 26546731 |
| characterization of 5'utr of rice clpb-c/hsp100 gene: evidence of its involvement in post-transcriptional regulation. | rice (oryza sativa) clpb-c (osclpb-c) protein is expressed upon heat stress in vegetative tissues and constitutively in seeds. we produced stably transformed arabidopsis plants carrying β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene downstream to 1-kb osclpb-c promoter (1kbpro plants). in the 1kbpro plants, expression of gus transcript and protein followed the expression pattern of osclpb-c gene in rice plants, i.e., heat induced in vegetative tissues and constitutive in seeds. next, we produced transgenic ... | 2016 | 26546418 |
| functional and expression analyses of transcripts based on full-length cdnas of sorghum bicolor. | sorghum bicolor is one of the most important crops for food and bioethanol production. its small diploid genome and resistance to environmental stress make sorghum an attractive model for studying the functional genomics of the saccharinae and other c4 grasses. we analyzed the domain-based functional annotation of the cdnas using the gene ontology (go) categories for molecular function to characterize all the genes cloned in the full-length cdna library of sorghum. the sorghum cdna library succe ... | 2015 | 26546227 |
| significant microsynteny with new evolutionary highlights is detected through comparative genomic sequence analysis of maize ccch ix gene subfamily. | ccch zinc finger proteins, which are characterized by the presence of three cysteine residues and one histidine residue, play important roles in rna processing in plants. subfamily ix ccch proteins were recently shown to function in stress tolerances. in this study, we analyzed ccch ix genes in zea mays, oryza sativa, and sorghum bicolor. these genes, which are almost intronless, were divided into four groups based on phylogenetic analysis. microsynteny analysis revealed microsynteny in regions ... | 2015 | 26539461 |
| draft genome sequence of oryza sativa elite indica cultivar rp bio-226. | | 2015 | 26539206 |
| oshal3, a blue light-responsive protein, interacts with the floral regulator hd1 to activate flowering in rice. | in flowering plants, photoperiodic flowering is controlled by a complicated network. light is one of the most important environmental stimuli that control the timing of the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive development. several photoreceptors, including phya, phyb, cry2, and fkf1 in arabidopsis and their homologs (osphya, osphyb, osphyc, and oscry2) in rice, have been identified to be related to flowering. our previous study suggests that oshal3, a flavin mononucleotide-binding p ... | 2016 | 26537047 |
| effect of no-tillage and tillage on the ecology of mite, acarina (oribatida) in two different farming systems of paddy field in cachar district of assam. | the present investigation was carried out in cachar district of assam over a period of one year (january 2011 - december 2011) to understand the seasonal ecology of acarina (oribatida) in rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivated fields. population of oribatida was found to be maximum during august 2011, both in no-tillage (6.32 ± 0.66 no./m2 x 100(2)) and tillage (5.30 ± 0.71 no./m2 x 100(2)) sites in dorgakona area whereas the peak was recorded during august 2011, both in no-tillage (5.38 ± 0.75 no./m ... | 2015 | 26536810 |
| enhanced expression of osspl14 gene and its association with yield components in rice (oryza sativa) under low nitrogen conditions. | nitrogen use efficiency (nue) in rice crop is the need of the hour for reduction of nitrous oxide emission resulting from excess nitrogen (n) fertilizer application and also in reduction of cost of cultivation. ten rice genotypes were grown under low and recommended dose of n application and characterized in terms of parameters related to yield, yield related components and nue indicators. wide genetic variability under low n conditions was observed with significant variation for 15 yield relate ... | 2016 | 26519999 |
| a set of gfp-based organelle marker lines combined with dsred-based gateway vectors for subcellular localization study in rice (oryza sativa l.). | in the post-genomic era, many useful tools have been developed to accelerate the investigation of gene functions. fluorescent proteins have been widely used as protein tags for studying the subcellular localization of proteins in plants. several fluorescent organelle marker lines have been generated in dicot plants; however, useful and reliable fluorescent organelle marker lines are lacking in the monocot model rice. here, we developed eight different gfp-based organelle markers in transgenic ri ... | 2016 | 26519260 |
| brassinosteroid (br) biosynthetic gene lhdd10 controls late heading and plant height in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a brd2 allele suppresses heading date by altering the expression of heading date regulators such as osmads50 , and also negatively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis. heading date and plant height are important determinants of yield in rice (oryza sativa l.). in this study, we characterized a late heading, dwarf mutant known as lhdd10 selected following ethyl methane sulfonate (ems)-treatment of ssp. indica cultivar 93-11. lhdd10 showed late heading, dwarfness and slightly darker-green leaves th ... | 2016 | 26518431 |
| rice arbuscular mycorrhiza as a tool to study the molecular mechanisms of fungal symbiosis and a potential target to increase productivity. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is a monocot model crop for cereal molecular biology. following the emergence of molecular genetics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis in model legumes in the 1990s, studies on rice genetic resources have considerably contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and evolution of root intracellular symbioses.in this review, we trace the history of these studies and suggest the potential utility of am symbiosis for improvement in rice productivity. | 2015 | 26516078 |
| effect of coated urea on cadmium accumulation in oryza sativa l. grown in contaminated soil. | experiments were conducted to determine the effects of three types of coated urea on the accumulation of cadmium (cd) in rice (oryza sativa l.) grown in contaminated soil. pot-culture experiments were conducted in a greenhouse from july to november 2012 on the rice cultivar "hua hang si miao" in guangzhou (china). the experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and three replications. the treatments were control (ck) (n 0 mg/kg), prilled urea (pu) (n 200 mg/kg), polymer-co ... | 2015 | 26514799 |
| comparative analysis of n-glycans in the ungerminated and germinated stages of oryza sativa. | all fundamental information such as signal transduction, metabolic control, infection, cell-to-cell signaling, and cell differentiation related to the growth of plants are preserved in germs. in preserving these information, glycans have a key role and are involved in the development and differentiation of organisms. glycans which exist in rice germ are expected to have an important role in germination. in this study, we performed structural and correlation analysis of the n-glycans in rice germ ... | 2015 | 26513758 |
| evaluation of the effectiveness of sepiolite, bentonite, and phosphate amendments on the stabilization remediation of cadmium-contaminated soils. | a pot trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of sepiolite, bentonite, and phosphate on the immobilization remediation of cadmium (cd)-contaminated soils using a set of variables, namely, physiological traits, sequential extraction procedure, plant growth and cd concentration, and soil enzymatic activities and microbial population. results showed that superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the leaves of oryza sativa l. and catalase activities in soils were stimulated after app ... | 2016 | 26513318 |
| progress and challenges in improving the nutritional quality of rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice is a staple food for more than 3 billion people in more than 100 countries of the world but ironically it is deficient in many bioavailable vitamins, minerals, essential amino- and fatty-acids and phytochemicals that prevent chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancers, and obesity. to enhance the nutritional and other quality aspects of rice, a better understanding of the regulation of the processes involved in the synthesis, uptake, transport, and metabolism of macro-(sta ... | 2017 | 26513164 |
| complex molecular mechanisms underlying seedling salt tolerance in rice revealed by comparative transcriptome and metabolomic profiling. | to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying seedling salt tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.), the phenotypic, metabolic, and transcriptome responses of two related rice genotypes, ir64 and pl177, with contrasting salt tolerance were characterized under salt stress and salt+abscisic acid (aba) conditions. pl177 showed significantly less salt damage, lower na(+)/k(+) ratios in shoots, and na(+) translocation from roots to shoots, attributed largely to better salt exclusion ... | 2016 | 26512058 |
| an a20/an1-type zinc finger protein modulates gibberellins and abscisic acid contents and increases sensitivity to abiotic stress in rice (oryza sativa). | the plant hormones gibberellins (ga) and abscisic acid (aba) play important roles in plant development and stress responses. here we report a novel a20/an1-type zinc finger protein zfp185 involved in ga and aba signaling in the regulation of growth and stress response. zfp185 was constitutively expressed in various rice tissues. overexpression of zfp185 in rice results in a semi-dwarfism phenotype, reduced cell size, and the decrease of endogenous ga3 content. by contrast, higher ga3 content was ... | 2016 | 26512055 |
| polyploidy enhances f1 pollen sterility loci interactions that increase meiosis abnormalities and pollen sterility in autotetraploid rice. | intersubspecific autotetraploid rice (oryza sativa ssp. indica × japonica) hybrids have greater biological and yield potentials than diploid rice. however, the low fertility of intersubspecific autotetraploid hybrids, which is largely caused by high pollen abortion rates, limits their commercial utility. to decipher the cytological and molecular mechanisms underlying allelic interactions in autotetraploid rice, we developed an autotetraploid rice hybrid that was heterozygous (s(i)s(j)) at f1 pol ... | 2015 | 26511913 |
| analysis of a rice fickle spikelet1 mutant that displays an increase in flower and spikelet organ number with inconstant expressivity. | in rice (oryza sativa), floral organs develop in the spikelet, an inflorescence unit unique to grass species. the floral organs, such as carpels, stamens and lodicules, are enclosed by two spikelet organs, the palea and lemma. the number of floral organs is genetically regulated. mutations in the floral organ number (fon) genes cause an increase in the number of carpels and stamens due to an enlargement of the floral meristem. the spikelet organs, such as lemma and palea, are less affected in th ... | 2015 | 26510573 |
| gene expression profiles in rice developing ovules provided evidence for the role of sporophytic tissue in female gametophyte development. | the development of ovule in rice (oryza sativa) is vital during its life cycle. to gain more understanding of the molecular events associated with the ovule development, we used rna sequencing approach to perform transcriptome-profiling analysis of the leaf and ovules at four developmental stages. in total, 25,401, 23,343, 23,647 and 23,806 genes were identified from the four developmental stages of the ovule, respectively. we identified a number of differently expressed genes (degs) from three ... | 2015 | 26506227 |
| diterpenoid phytoalexin factor, a bhlh transcription factor, plays a central role in the biosynthesis of diterpenoid phytoalexins in rice. | rice (oryza sativa) produces diterpenoid phytoalexins (dps), momilactones and phytocassanes as major phytoalexins. accumulation of dps is induced in rice by blast fungus infection, copper chloride or uv light. here, we describe a rice transcription factor named diterpenoid phytoalexin factor (dpf), which is a basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factor. the gene encoding dpf is expressed mainly in roots and panicles, and is inducible in leaves by blast infection, copper chloride or uv. ex ... | 2015 | 26506081 |
| breeding of a target genotype variety based on identified chalkiness marker-qtl associations in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the aim of this study was to breed a target genotype variety based on the identified chalkiness marker-qtl (quantitative trait locus) associations in rice. first, a permanent mapping population of rice that consisted of 525 recombinant inbred lines (rils), which were derived from zhenshan 97/minghui 63, was used to identify qtls with additive effects for rice quantitative traits and percentage of grain chalkiness (pgc). subsequently, based on the identified qtls in rice, the molecular marker 689 ... | 2015 | 26505442 |
| characterization of ospm19l1 encoding an awpm-19-like family protein that is dramatically induced by osmotic stress in rice. | the plant-specific awpm-19-domain proteins play important roles in plant development and stress responses. in the current study, ospm19l1 encoding oryza sativa awpm-19-like protein 1 was isolated from rice. tissue-specific gene expression analysis revealed that ospm19l1 was highly expressed in the leaf sheath of rice. interestingly, expression of ospm19l1 was high at the early stage of panicle development and decreased thereafter. qrt-pcr analysis indicated that ospm19l1 was dramatically induced ... | 2015 | 26505346 |
| the isolation of early nuclear endosperm of oryza sativa to facilitate gene expression analysis and screening imprinted genes. | since the quality and yield of rice production depends on endosperm development, previous studies have focused on the molecular mechanism that regulates this developmental process. recently, how this process is epigenetically regulated has become an important topic. however, the gene expression analysis and screening imprinted genes during early endosperm development remain challenging since the isolation of early endosperm has not been possible. here, we report a procedure for the isolation of ... | 2015 | 26500689 |
| overexpression of osdof12 affects plant architecture in rice (oryza sativa l.). | dof (dna binding with one finger) proteins, a class of plant-specific transcription factors, are involved in plant growth and developmental processes and stress responses. however, their biological functions remain to be elucidated, especially in rice (oryza sativa l.). previously, we have reported that osdof12 can promote rice flowering under long-day conditions. here, we further investigated the other important agronomical traits of the transgenic plants overexpressing osdof12 and found that o ... | 2015 | 26500670 |
| diachronic analysis of genetic diversity in rice landraces under on-farm conservation in yunnan, china. | diachronic analysis showed no significant changes in the level of genetic diversity occurred over the past 27 years' domestication, which indicated genetic diversity was successfully maintained under on-farm conservation. rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the earliest domesticated crop species. its genetic diversity has been declining as a result of natural and artificial selection. in this study, we performed the first analysis of the levels and patterns of nucleotide variation in rice genomes u ... | 2016 | 26498440 |
| molecular and phylogenetic characterization of the homoeologous epsp synthase genes of allohexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum (l.). | 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps) is the sixth and penultimate enzyme in the shikimate biosynthesis pathway, and is the target of the herbicide glyphosate. the epsps genes of allohexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, aabbdd) have not been well characterized. herein, the three homoeologous copies of the allohexaploid wheat epsps gene were cloned and characterized. | 2015 | 26492960 |
| aba regulates subcellular redistribution of osabi-like2, a negative regulator in aba signaling, to control root architecture and drought resistance in oryza sativa. | the phytohormone aba is a key stress signal in plants. although the identification of aba receptors led to significant progress in understanding the arabidopsis aba signaling pathway, there are still many unsolved mysteries regarding aba signaling in monocots, such as rice. here, we report that a rice ortholog of atabi1 and atabi2, named osabi-like2 (osabil2), plays a negative role in rice aba signaling. overexpression of osabil2 not only led to aba insensitivity, but also significantly altered ... | 2015 | 26491145 |
| computational identification, target prediction, and validation of conserved mirnas in insulin plant (costus pictus d. don). | insulin plant (costus pictus d. don) is an economically important medicinal plant for the content of its high value secondary metabolites, bioactive compounds, and remarkable flowering features. micrornas are a class of short (∼21 nucleotides), endogenous, noncoding rna molecules that play a vital role in regulating gene expression. here, we used a computer-based homology approach to identify conserved mirnas in transcribed sequence assemblies (tsa) of c. pictus. it led us to identify 42 mirnas ... | 2016 | 26490377 |
| the pleiotropic abnormal flower and dwarf1 affects plant height, floral development and grain yield in rice. | moderate plant height and successful establishment of reproductive organs play pivotal roles in rice grain production. the molecular mechanism that controls the two aspects remains unclear in rice. in the present study, we characterized a rice gene, abnormal flower and dwarf1 (afd1) that determined plant height, floral development and grain yield. the afd1 mutant showed variable defects including the dwarfism, long panicle, low seed setting and reduced grain yield. in addition, abnormal floral o ... | 2016 | 26486996 |
| vln2 regulates plant architecture by affecting microfilament dynamics and polar auxin transport in rice. | as a fundamental and dynamic cytoskeleton network, microfilaments (mfs) are regulated by diverse actin binding proteins (abps). villins are one type of abps belonging to the villin/gelsolin superfamily, and their function is poorly understood in monocotyledonous plants. here, we report the isolation and characterization of a rice (oryza sativa) mutant defective in villin2 (vln2), which exhibits malformed organs, including twisted roots and shoots at the seedling stage. cellular examination revea ... | 2015 | 26486445 |
| correction: genetic diversity and population structure in aromatic and quality rice (oryza sativa l.) landraces from north-eastern india. | | 2015 | 26484662 |
| comparative characterization of aroma volatiles and related gene expression analysis at vegetative and mature stages in basmati and non-basmati rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars. | aroma volatiles in basmati-370, ambemohar-157 (non-basmati scented), and ir-64 (non-scented) rice cultivars were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed at vegetative and maturity stages to study their differential accumulation using headspace solid-phase microextraction, followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (hs-spme-gcms) with selected ion monitoring (sim) approach. in addition, expression analysis of major aroma volatile 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2ap)-related genes, betaine aldehyde ... | 2016 | 26481230 |
| the key regulator of submergence tolerance, sub1a, promotes photosynthetic and metabolic recovery from submergence damage in rice leaves. | the submergence-tolerance regulator, submergence1a (sub1a), of rice (oryza sativa l.) modulates gene regulation, metabolism and elongation growth during submergence. its benefits continue during desubmergence through protection from reactive oxygen species and dehydration, but there is limited understanding of sub1a's role in physiological recovery from the stress. here, we investigated the contribution of sub1a to desubmergence recovery using the two near-isogenic lines, submergence-sensitive m ... | 2016 | 26477688 |
| alanine aminotransferase 1 (osalaat1) plays an essential role in the regulation of starch storage in rice endosperm. | alteration of storage substances, in particular the major storage form starch, leads to floury endosperm. because floury mutants have physical attributes for milling processes, identification and characterization of those mutants are valuable. in this study we identified a floury endosperm mutant caused by a t-dna insertion in oryza sativa alanine-aminotransferase1 (osalaat1). osalaat1 is localized in the cytosol and has aminotransferase enzyme activity. the osalaat1 mutant has less amylose and ... | 2015 | 26475189 |
| overexpression of the potassium channel tpkb in small vacuoles confers osmotic and drought tolerance to rice. | potassium (k(+) ) is the most important cationic nutrient for all living organisms. vacuolar two-pore k(+) (tpk) channels are important players in the regulation of cellular levels of k(+) but have not been characterised in rice. in order to assess the role of ostpkb, a k(+) selective ion channel predominantly expressed in the tonoplast of small vacuoles, we generated overexpressing (ox) lines using a constitutive promoter and compared their phenotypes with control plants. relative to control pl ... | 2016 | 26474307 |
| non-canonical structure, function and phylogeny of the bsister mads-box gene osmads30 of rice (oryza sativa). | bsister mads-box genes play key roles in female reproductive organ and seed development throughout seed plants. this view is supported by their high conservation in terms of sequence, expression and function. in grasses, there are three subclades of bsister genes: the osmads29-, the osmads30- and the osmads31-like genes. here, we report on the evolution of the osmads30-like genes. our analyses indicate that these genes evolved under relaxed purifying selection and are rather weakly expressed. os ... | 2015 | 26473514 |
| plastidial disproportionating enzyme participates in starch synthesis in rice endosperm by transferring maltooligosyl groups from amylose and amylopectin to amylopectin. | plastidial disproportionating enzyme1 (dpe1), an α-1,4-d-glucanotransferase, has been thought to be involved in storage starch synthesis in cereal crops. however, the precise function of dpe1 remains to be established. we present here the functional identification of dpe1 in storage starch synthesis in rice (oryza sativa) by endosperm-specific gene overexpression and suppression. dpe1 overexpression decreased amylose content and resulted in small and tightly packed starch granules, whereas dpe1 ... | 2015 | 26471894 |
| efficacy of rice insecticide seed treatments at selected nitrogen rates for control of the rice water weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae). | seed-applied insecticides are the standard control method used in the united states to minimize rice water weevil (lissorhoptrus oryzophilus kuschel) injury to rice (oryza sativa l.) roots, and often results in greater yields than rice that receives no seed-applied insecticide. yield increases from seed-applied insecticides often occur even when insect pressure is low and should not cause yield loss. the research objective was to evaluate the effect of urea-nitrogen rate and seed-applied insecti ... | 2015 | 26470317 |
| effects of pre-harvest chemical application on rice desiccation and seed quality. | pre-harvest desiccation may increase the efficiency of seed production. field studies were conducted to determine the effects of diquat, paraquat, and ethephon applications on grain moisture, grain weight, and seed germination of hybrid rice yanliangyou 88 (oryza sativa ssp. indica) and conventional rice wuyunjing 7 (oryza sativa ssp. japonica). in 2013, we tested 12 treatments applied at four weeks (yanliangyou 88) and six weeks (wuyunjing 7) after heading. results showed that reductions in moi ... | 2015 | 26465129 |
| transcriptome-wide investigation of circular rnas in rice. | various stable circular rnas (circrnas) are newly identified to be the abundance of noncoding rnas in archaea, caenorhabditis elegans, mice, and humans through high-throughput deep sequencing coupled with analysis of massive transcriptional data. circrnas play important roles in mirna function and transcriptional controlling by acting as competing endogenous rnas or positive regulators on their parent coding genes. however, little is known regarding circrnas in plants. here, we report 2354 rice ... | 2015 | 26464523 |
| rice grain yield and quality responses to free-air co2 enrichment combined with soil and water warming. | rising air temperatures are projected to reduce rice yield and quality, whereas increasing atmospheric co2 concentrations ([co2 ]) can increase grain yield. for irrigated rice, ponded water is an important temperature environment, but few open-field evaluations are available on the combined effects of temperature and [co2 ], which limits our ability to predict future rice production. we conducted free-air co2 enrichment and soil and water warming experiments, for three growing seasons to determi ... | 2016 | 26463894 |
| from early domesticated rice of the middle yangtze basin to millet, rice and wheat agriculture: archaeobotanical macro-remains from baligang, nanyang basin, central china (6700-500 bc). | baligang is a neolithic site on a northern tributary of the middle yangtze and provides a long archaeobotanical sequence from the seventh millennium bc upto the first millennium bc. it provides evidence for developments in rice and millet agriculture influenced by shifting cultural affiliation with the north (yangshao and longshan) and south (qujialing and shijiahe) between 4300 and 1800 bc. this paper reports on plant macro-remains (seeds), from systematic flotation of 123 samples (1700 litres) ... | 2015 | 26460975 |
| core cell cycle regulatory genes in rice and their expression profiles across the growth zone of the leaf. | rice (oryza sativa l.) as a model and crop plant with a sequenced genome offers an outstanding experimental system for discovering and functionally analyzing the major cell cycle control elements in a cereal species. in this study, we identified the core cell cycle genes in the rice genome through a hidden markov model search and multiple alignments supported with the use of short protein sequence probes. in total we present 55 rice putative cell cycle genes with locus identity, chromosomal loca ... | 2015 | 26459328 |
| two tightly linked genes at the hsa1 locus cause both f1 and f2 hybrid sterility in rice. | molecular mechanisms of hybrid breakdown associated with sterility (f2 sterility) are poorly understood as compared with those of f1 hybrid sterility. previously, we characterized three unlinked epistatic loci, hybrid sterility-a1 (hsa1), hsa2, and hsa3, responsible for the f2 sterility in a cross between oryza sativa ssp. indica and japonica. in this study, we identified that the hsa1 locus contains two interacting genes, hsa1a and hsa1b, within a 30-kb region. hsa1a-j (japonica allele) encodes ... | 2016 | 26455463 |
| overexpression of oscyp19-4 increases tolerance to cold stress and enhances grain yield in rice (oryza sativa). | atcyp19-4 (also known as cyp5) was previously identified as interacting in vitro with gnom, a member of a large family of arf guanine nucleotide exchange factors that is required for proper polar localization of the auxin efflux carrier pin1. the present study demonstrated that oscyp19-4, a gene encoding a putative homologue of atcyp19-4, was up-regulated by several stresses and showed over 10-fold up-regulation in response to cold. the study further demonstrated that the promoter of oscyp19-4 w ... | 2016 | 26453745 |
| unraveling the light-specific metabolic and regulatory signatures of rice through combined in silico modeling and multiomics analysis. | light quality is an important signaling component upon which plants orchestrate various morphological processes, including seed germination and seedling photomorphogenesis. however, it is still unclear how plants, especially food crops, sense various light qualities and modulate their cellular growth and other developmental processes. therefore, in this work, we initially profiled the transcripts of a model crop, rice (oryza sativa), under four different light treatments (blue, green, red, and w ... | 2015 | 26453433 |
| stable isotope labeling assisted liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for quantitative analysis of endogenous gibberellins. | in the current study, we developed a stable isotope labeling strategy for the absolute quantification of gibberellins (gas) by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-esi-ms/ms). n,n-dimethyl ethylenediamine (dmed) and its deuterated counterpart d(4)-dmed were used to derivatize gas extracted from plant tissue samples and ga standards respectively. the both derivatives of gas were mixed and then subjected to hplc-esi-ms/ms analysis. the absolute quantif ... | 2015 | 26452831 |
| 2d-dige-based proteome expression changes in leaves of rice seedlings exposed to low-level gamma radiation at iitate village, fukushima. | the present study continues our previous research on investigating the biological effects of low-level gamma radiation in rice at the heavily contaminated iitate village in fukushima, by extending the experiments to unraveling the leaf proteome. 14-days-old plants of japonica rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) were subjected to gamma radiation level of upto 4 µsv/h, for 72 h. following exposure, leaf samples were taken from the around 190 µsv/3 d exposed seedling and total proteins were extra ... | 2015 | 26451896 |
| divergent dna methylation patterns associated with gene expression in rice cultivars with contrasting drought and salinity stress response. | dna methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that play an important role in gene regulation in response to environmental conditions. the understanding of dna methylation at the whole genome level can provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying abiotic stress response/adaptation. we report dna methylation patterns and their influence on transcription in three rice (oryza sativa) cultivars (ir64, stress-sensitive; nagina 22, drought-tolerant; pokkali, salinity-tolerant) via an integra ... | 2015 | 26449881 |
| thai red rice extract provides liver protection in paracetamol-treated mice by restoring the glutathione system. | the incidence of drug-induced liver disease associated with oxidant-antioxidant imbalance is increasing. colored rice can potentially improve these hepatic disorders through antioxidative and glutathione-restoring effects. | 2016 | 26449771 |
| revisiting the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway using genome scale metabolic model of oryza sativa japonica. | chlorophyll is one of the most important pigments present in green plants and rice is one of the major food crops consumed worldwide. we curated the existing genome scale metabolic model (gsm) of rice leaf by incorporating new compartment, reactions and transporters. we used this modified gsm to elucidate how the chlorophyll is synthesized in a leaf through a series of bio-chemical reactions spanned over different organelles using inorganic macronutrients and light energy. we predicted the essen ... | 2015 | 26443104 |
| hierarchical additive effects on heterosis in rice (oryza sativa l.). | exploitation of heterosis in crops has contributed greatly to improvement in global food and energy production. in spite of the pervasive importance of heterosis, a complete understanding of its mechanisms has remained elusive. in this study, a small test-crossed rice population was constructed to investigate the formation mechanism of heterosis for 13 traits. the results of the relative mid-parent heterosis and modes of inheritance of all investigated traits demonstrated that additive effects w ... | 2015 | 26442051 |
| understanding salinity responses and adopting 'omics-based' approaches to generate salinity tolerant cultivars of rice. | soil salinity is one of the main constraints affecting production of rice worldwide, by reducing growth, pollen viability as well as yield of the plant. therefore, detailed understanding of the response of rice towards soil salinity at the physiological and molecular level is a prerequisite for its effective management. various approaches have been adopted by molecular biologists or breeders to understand the mechanism for salinity tolerance in plants and to develop salt tolerant rice cultivars. ... | 2015 | 26442026 |
| fine mapping of a palea defective 1 (pd1), a locus associated with palea and stamen development in rice. | key message : pd1, a genetic factor in a 69 kb region between rm11239 and rm11245 on rice chromosome 1, controls stamen number and palea development. spikelets are important organs that store photosynthetic products in rice. spikelet development directly affects grain yield and rice quality. here, we report a palea defective (pd1) mutant identified from selfing progenies of indica cv. 93-11 after (60)co γ ray treatment. pd1 mutant flowers only had four stamens (wild-type has six), but pollen fer ... | 2015 | 26441054 |
| protein repair l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase 1 (pimt1) in rice improves seed longevity by preserving embryo vigor and viability. | damaged proteins containing abnormal isoaspartyl (isoasp) accumulate as seeds age and the abnormality is thought to undermine seed vigor. protein-l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (pimt) is involved in isoasp-containing protein repair. two pimt genes from rice (oryza sativa l.), designated as ospimt1 and ospimt2, were isolated and investigated for their roles. the results indicated that ospimt2 was mainly present in green tissues, but ospimt1 largely accumulated in embryos. confocal visualization ... | 2015 | 26438231 |
| isolation and characterization of three cadmium-inducible promoters from oryza sativa. | cadmium (cd) is an important soil pollutant. developing genetically engineered crops might be a feasible strategy for cd decontamination and damage prevention. both genes and promoters are critical for the effective construction of genetically modified plants. although many functional genes for cd tolerance and accumulation have been identified, few reports have focused on plant cd-inducible promoters. here, we identified three cd-inducible genes in the rice genome: two tau class glutathione s-t ... | 2015 | 26435218 |
| natural variations in slg7 regulate grain shape in rice. | rice (oryza sativa) grain shape, which is controlled by quantitative trait loci (qtl), has a strong effect on yield production and quality. however, the molecular basis for grain development remains largely unknown. in this study, we identified a novel qtl, slender grain on chromosome 7 (slg7), that is responsible for grain shape, using backcross introgression lines derived from 9311 and azucena. the slg7 allele from azucena produces longer and thinner grains, although it has no influence on gra ... | 2015 | 26434724 |
| changes in the activities of starch metabolism enzymes in rice grains in response to elevated co2 concentration. | the global atmospheric co(2) concentration is currently (2012) 393.1 μmol mol(-1), an increase of approximately 42 % over pre-industrial levels. in order to understand the responses of metabolic enzymes to elevated co(2) concentrations, an experiment was conducted using the free air co(2) enrichment (face )system. two conventional japonica rice varieties (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica) grown in north china, songjing 9 and daohuaxiang 2, were used in this study. the activities of adpg pyrophospho ... | 2016 | 26433368 |
| genetics and physiology of cell wall polysaccharides in the model c4 grass, setaria viridis spp. | setaria viridis has emerged as a model species for the larger c4 grasses. here the cellulose synthase (cesa) superfamily has been defined, with an emphasis on the amounts and distribution of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, a cell wall polysaccharide that is characteristic of the grasses and is of considerable value for human health. | 2015 | 26432387 |
| c-terminal extension of calmodulin-like 3 protein from oryza sativa l.: interaction with a high mobility group target protein. | a large number of calmodulin-like (cml) proteins are present in plants, but there is little detailed information on the functions of these proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.). here, the cml3 protein from rice (oscml3) and its truncated form lacking the c-terminal extension (oscml3m) were found to exhibit a ca2+-binding property and subsequent conformational change, but the ability to bind the cam kinase ii peptide was only observed for oscml3m. changes in their secondary structure upon ca2+-bindi ... | 2015 | 26423116 |
| seed priming with polyethylene glycol regulating the physiological and molecular mechanism in rice (oryza sativa l.) under nano-zno stress. | the present study was designed to highlight the impact of seed priming with polyethylene glycol on physiological and molecular mechanism of two cultivars of oryza sativa l. under different levels of zinc oxide nanorods (0, 250, 500 and 750 mg l(-1)). plant growth parameters were significantly increased in seed priming with 30% peg under nano-zno stress in both cultivars. whereas, this increase was more prominent in cultivar qian you no. 1 as compared to cultivar zhu liang you 06. significant inc ... | 2015 | 26419216 |
| hygromycin b-induced cell death is partly mediated by reactive oxygen species in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the aminoglycoside antibiotic hygromycin b (hyg) inhibits prokaryotic, chloroplast and mitochondrial protein synthesis. because of the toxic effect of hyg on plant cells, the hpt gene, encoding hygromycin phosphotransferase, has become one of the most widely used selectable markers in plant transformation. yet the mechanism behind hyg-induced cell lethality in plants is not clearly understood. in this study, we aimed to decipher this mechanism. with hyg treatment, rice calli exhibited cell death ... | 2015 | 26415870 |
| exploring the tertiary gene pool of bread wheat: sequence assembly and analysis of chromosome 5m(g) of aegilops geniculata. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) provides a powerful tool for the discovery of important genes and alleles in crop plants and their wild relatives. despite great advances in ngs technologies, whole-genome shotgun sequencing is cost-prohibitive for species with complex genomes. an attractive option is to reduce genome complexity to a single chromosome prior to sequencing. this work describes a strategy for studying the genomes of distant wild relatives of wheat by isolating single chromosomes fro ... | 2015 | 26408103 |
| analysis of population structure and genetic diversity in rice germplasm using ssr markers: an initiative towards association mapping of agronomic traits in oryza sativa. | genetic diversity is the main source of variability in any crop improvement program. it serves as a reservoir for identifying superior alleles controlling key agronomic and quality traits through allele mining/association mapping. association mapping based on ld (linkage dis-equilibrium), non-random associations between causative loci and phenotype in natural population is highly useful in dissecting out genetic basis of complex traits. for any successful association mapping program, understandi ... | 2015 | 26407693 |
| involvement of mir528 in the regulation of arsenite tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | tens of mirnas were previously established as being arsenic (as) stress responsive in rice. however, their functional role in as tolerance remains unclear. this study demonstrates that transgenic plants overexpressing mir528 (ubi::mir528) were more sensitive to arsenite [as(iii)] compared with wild-type (wt) rice. under normal and stress conditions, mir528-5p and -3p were highly up-regulated in both the roots and leaves of transgenic plants, which exhibited a negative correlation with the expres ... | 2015 | 26403656 |
| exploring the rice dispensable genome using a metagenome-like assembly strategy. | the dispensable genome of a species, consisting of the dispensable sequences present only in a subset of individuals, is believed to play important roles in phenotypic variation and genome evolution. however, construction of the dispensable genome is costly and labor-intensive at present, and so the influence of the dispensable genome in genetic and functional genomic studies has not been fully explored. | 2015 | 26403182 |
| mapping quantitative trait loci for nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency in rice (oryza sativa l.) at different nitrogen fertilizer levels. | genetic improvement is the fundamental basis for improving nitrogen-use efficiency. a better understanding of genetic factors controlling nitrogen uptake and utilization is required for crop genetic improvement. in this study, we identified the quantitative trait loci (qtls) associated with traits of nitrogen uptake and utilization by using the single-sequence repeat marker method and a recombinant inbred line (ril) population derived from a super hybrid xieyou9308. all the traits investigated w ... | 2015 | 26400271 |
| the plasma membrane nadph oxidase osrboha plays a crucial role in developmental regulation and drought-stress response in rice. | plasma membrane nadph oxidases are major producers of reactive oxygen species (ros) in plant cells under normal growth and stress conditions. in the present study the total activity of rice nadph oxidases and the transcription of osrboha, which encodes an oryza sativa plasma membrane nadph oxidase, were stimulated by drought. osrboha was expressed in all tissues examined throughout development. its mrna was upregulated by a number of factors, including heat, drought, salt, oxidative stress and m ... | 2016 | 26400148 |
| photosynthesis performance, antioxidant enzymes, and ultrastructural analyses of rice seedlings under chromium stress. | the present study was conducted to examine the effects of increasing concentrations of chromium (cr(6+)) (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μmol) on rice (oryza sativa l.) morphological traits, photosynthesis performance, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes. in addition, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts in the leaves of hydroponically cultivated rice (o. sativa l.) seedlings was analyzed. plant fresh and dry weights, height, root length, and photosynthetic pigments were decreased by cr-induced t ... | 2016 | 26396015 |
| genome-wide cataloging and analysis of alternatively spliced genes in cereal crops. | protein functional diversity at the post-transcriptional level is regulated through spliceosome mediated pre-mrna alternative splicing (as) events and that has been widely demonstrated to be a key player in regulating the functional diversity in plants. identification and analysis of as genes in cereal crop plants are critical for crop improvement and understanding regulatory mechanisms. | 2015 | 26391769 |
| systematic analysis of rice (oryza sativa) metabolic responses to herbivory. | plants defend against attack from herbivores by direct and indirect defence mechanisms mediated by the accumulation of phytoalexins and release of volatile signals, respectively. while the defensive arsenals of some plants, such as tobacco and arabidopsis are well known, most of rice's (oryza sativa) defence metabolites and their effectiveness against herbivores remain uncharacterized. here, we used a non-biassed metabolomics approach to identify many novel herbivory-regulated metabolic signatur ... | 2016 | 26386366 |
| ammonium-induced architectural and anatomical changes with altered suberin and lignin levels significantly change water and solute permeabilities of rice (oryza sativa l.) roots. | non-optimal ammonium levels significantly alter root architecture, anatomy and root permeabilities for water and nutrient ions. higher ammonium levels induced strong apoplastic barriers whereas it was opposite for lower levels. application of nitrogen fertilizer increases crop productivity. however, non-optimal applications can have negative effects on plant growth and development. in this study, we investigated how different levels of ammonium (nh4 (+)) [low (30 or 100 μm) or optimum (300 μm) o ... | 2016 | 26384983 |
| aquaporin plays an important role in mediating chloroplastic co2 concentration under high-n supply in rice (oryza sativa) plants. | our previous studies demonstrated that chloroplastic co2 concentration (cc) is not sufficient under high-nitrogen (n) supply in rice plants. in this research, we studied how aquaporins- (aqps) mediated cc under different n-supply levels. a hydroponic experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with three different n levels (low n, 0.71 mm; intermediate n, 2.86 mm; and high n, 7.14 mm) in a rice cultivar (oryza sativa cv. shanyou 63) and with an ospip1;1 mutant (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare). the pho ... | 2015 | 26382720 |
| water deficit and aluminum interactive effects on generation of reactive oxygen species and responses of antioxidative enzymes in the seedlings of two rice cultivars differing in stress tolerance. | aluminum (al) is a major constraint to crop productivity in acid soils, whereas water deficit severely limits crop production in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. the objective of the present study was to examine the effects of both stresses, al excess and water deficit, individually and in combination on the production of the reactive oxygen species (ros) superoxide anion (o2˙(-)), hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), hydroxyl radical, and lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes ... | 2016 | 26374546 |
| map-based cloning of seed dormancy1-2 identified a gibberellin synthesis gene regulating the development of endosperm-imposed dormancy in rice. | natural variation in seed dormancy is controlled by multiple genes mapped as quantitative trait loci in major crop or model plants. this research aimed to clone and characterize the seed dormancy1-2 (qsd1-2) locus associated with endosperm-imposed dormancy and plant height in rice (oryza sativa). qsd1-2 was delimited to a 20-kb region, which contains osga20ox2 and had an additive effect on germination. naturally occurring or induced loss-of-function mutations of the gibberellin (ga) synthesis ge ... | 2015 | 26373662 |
| identification of four functionally important microrna families with contrasting differential expression profiles between drought-tolerant and susceptible rice leaf at vegetative stage. | developing drought-tolerant rice varieties with higher yield under water stressed conditions provides a viable solution to serious yield-reduction impact of drought. understanding the molecular regulation of this polygenic trait is crucial for the eventual success of rice molecular breeding programmes. micrornas have received tremendous attention recently due to its importance in negative regulation. in plants, apart from regulating developmental and physiological processes, micrornas have also ... | 2015 | 26369665 |
| osmapk6, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, influences rice grain size and biomass production. | grain size is an important agronomic trait in determining grain yield. however, the molecular mechanisms that determine the final grain size are not well understood. here, we report the functional analysis of a rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant, dwarf and small grain1 (dsg1), which displays pleiotropic phenotypes, including small grains, dwarfism and erect leaves. cytological observations revealed that the small grain and dwarfism of dsg1 were mainly caused by the inhibition of cell proliferation. m ... | 2015 | 26366992 |
| advanced backcross qtl analysis reveals complicated genetic control of rice grain shape in a japonica × indica cross. | grain shape is an important trait for improving rice yield. a number of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for this trait have been identified by using primary f2 mapping populations and recombinant inbred lines, in which qtls with a small effect are harder to detect than they would be in advanced generations. in this study, we developed two advanced mapping populations (chromosome segment substitution lines [cssls] and bc4f2 lines consisting of more than 2000 individuals) in the genetic backgrounds ... | 2015 | 26366113 |
| characterization of rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes on the basis of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits grown under aerobic situation in rainfed ecosystem . | the objective of the present study was to examine the effect of aerobic situation on yield, physiological and biochemical traits of advanced breeding lines of rice. experiment was conducted with two set of rice genotypes under two water regimes (aerobic and irrigated), during three consecutive wet seasons 2010-2012. significant decrease in yield was observed in rice genotypes grown under aerobic situation as compared to the irrigated ones. promising rice genotypes having the ability to maintain ... | 2015 | 26364481 |
| real time pcr expression analysis of gene encoding p5cs enzyme and proline metabolism under naci salinity in rice. | regulation of proline accumulation in seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. lunishree) was investigated. the increasing concentration of nacl from 85 mm to 425 mm nacl progressively increased proline content in rice. the maximum increase in proline content was recorded at 425 mm nacl concentration as compared to control and other concentrations of nacl. the highest significant activity of proline synthesizing enzymes, delta1-pyrrolline-5-carboxylate synthetase, delta1-pyrrolline-5-carboxylate r ... | 2015 | 26364475 |
| diterpenes from the roots of oryza sativa l. and their inhibition activity on no production in lps-stimulated raw264.7 macrophages. | two new pimarane diterpenoids, momilactone d (3) and momilactone e (5), along with three known diterpenoids, momilactone a (1), sandaracopimaradien-3-one (2), and oryzalexin a (4) were isolated from oryza sativa roots. the chemical structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic data analysis. the isolated diterpenoids were evaluated for their ability to inhibit no production and inos mrna and protein expression in lps-stimulated raw264.7 macrophages. compound 4 showed strong inhibi ... | 2015 | 26363880 |
| effects of cadmium on bioaccumulation and biochemical stress response in rice (oryza sativa l.). | this study investigated the effects of various cd concentrations on the bioaccumulation, antioxidative defense, and stress responses of rice (oryza sativa l.). the distribution characteristics of cd in rice were in the following order: roots>stems>grains. the bioconcentration factor values of cd increased at concentrations lower than 3.00 mg cd/kg and approximately decreased to a constant value at concentrations higher than 3.00 mg cd/kg. rice showed a higher cd accumulation potential at low cd ... | 2015 | 26363148 |
| proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses reveal extensive phosphorylation of regulatory proteins in developing rice anthers. | anther development, particularly around the time of meiosis, is extremely crucial for plant sexual reproduction. meanwhile, cell-to-cell communication between somatic (especial tapetum) cells and meiocytes are important for both somatic anther development and meiosis. to investigate possible molecular mechanisms modulating protein activities during anther development, we applied high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses for developing rice (oryza sativa) ant ... | 2015 | 26360816 |