| insertion of the two cleavage sites of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein in sendai virus fusion protein leads to enhanced cell-cell fusion and a decreased dependency on the hn attachment protein for activity. | cell entry by paramyxoviruses requires fusion of the viral envelope with the target cell membrane. fusion is mediated by the viral fusion (f) glycoprotein and usually requires the aid of the attachment glycoprotein (g, h or hn, depending on the virus). human respiratory syncytial virus f protein (f(rsv)) is able to mediate membrane fusion in the absence of the attachment g protein and is unique in possessing two multibasic furin cleavage sites, separated by a region of 27 amino acids (pep27). cl ... | 2008 | 18385247 |
| the viral bronchiolites diagnosis in children by pcr multiplex. | the aim of the study was to determine the etiology of the viral bronchiolites in children by using direct immunofluorescence test and 3 rt-pcr multiplex (s.bellau-pujol) the study was performed on 122 nasal inspirations collected from 3 weeks-6 month old children hospitalizated in the pediatrics service of ch rouen. the results were that the majority (53%) of bronchiolites in children had like etiology rsv and a lot of these infections had double viral etiology (26% rsv+ rhinovirus; 2,7% rsv+hmp ... | 2006 | 18389721 |
| genotyping of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) group a in stockholm, sweden, using pcr and two-dimensional melting curve analysis. | genotyping of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus group a, by means of a novel method based on pcr, fret (fluorescence resonance energy transmission) detection and two-dimensional melting curve analysis, was carried out on 80 rs virus samples of group a collected in stockholm from 1976 to 2005. the tm values were assessed for three different genotypes (ga2, ga5 and ga7) circulating in sweden. two pairs of probes were used and results of subsequent data analysis were plotted in a two-dimensional sys ... | 2008 | 18397467 |
| a molecular switch required for retrovirus assembly participates in the hexagonal immature lattice. | in the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) gag protein, the 25 amino-acid residues of the p10 domain immediately upstream of the ca domain are essential for immature particle formation. we performed systematic mutagenesis on this region and found excellent correlation between the amino-acid side chains required for in vitro assembly and those that participate in the p10-ca dimer interface in a previously described crystal structure. we introduced exogenous cysteine residues that were predicted to form disu ... | 2008 | 18401344 |
| respiratory viruses in laryngeal croup of young children. | to determine the viral cause of laryngeal croup by use of highly sensitive methods, and including recently recognized viruses in the analysis. | 2008 | 18410770 |
| regulation of immunity to respiratory syncytial virus by dendritic cells, toll-like receptors, and notch. | the activation and maintenance of pulmonary viral disease is regulated at multiple levels and determined by the early innate response to the pathogenic stimuli. subsequent activation events that rely directly and indirectly on the virus itself can alter the development and severity of the ensuing immunopathologic responses. in the present review we outline several interconnected mechanisms that rely on the early recognition of viral nucleic acid for the most appropriate anti-viral immune respons ... | 2008 | 18419253 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in a sicilian pediatric population: risk factors, epidemiology, and severity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in young children worldwide. this study evaluated the epidemiological and clinical patterns of rsv infection in infants hospitalized for lrtis in sicily. over a 7-month period (october 1, 2005 to april 30, 2006), all children <2 years of age hospitalized for lrtis were evaluated and tested for respiratory viruses. logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors assoc ... | 2008 | 18430319 |
| [etiology of pneumonia in hospitalized patients less than 3 years of age]. | to understand the etiology of pneumonia in hospitalized patients less than 3 years of age. | 2008 | 18433531 |
| chemokine-receptor upregulation and disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is an important cause of severe infant bronchiolitis, partly due to lower airway inflammation orchestrated by virus-induced chemokine secretion. chemokine receptors may therefore be therapeutic targets. we investigated rsv-induced chemokine receptor (ccr) 1, 2 and 5 surface expressions in a cellular model and in infants. rsv infection increased human monocytic ccr1, 2 and 5 expression, as assessed by facs, via replication-dependent mechanisms. ccr1 and ... | 2008 | 18439876 |
| inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus infections with morpholino oligomers in cell cultures and in mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants, young children, and high-risk adults. currently, there is no vaccine to prevent rsv infection, and the available therapeutic agents are of limited utility. peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (ppmos) are a class of antisense agents that can enter cells readily and interfere with viral protein expression through steric blocking of complementary rna. two antisense ppmos, desig ... | 2008 | 18443602 |
| hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection and invasive pneumococcal disease in danish children aged <2 years: a population-based cohort study. | previous population-based studies have reported a temporal association between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd). we examined this association at an individual level in the danish population. | 2008 | 18444851 |
| what caused lymphopenia in sars and how reliable is the lymphokine status in glucocorticoid-treated patients? | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) outbreak in 2002-03 caused morbidity in over 8000 individuals and mortality in 744 in 29 countries. lymphopenia along with neutrophilia was a feature of sars, as it is in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and ebola infections, to name a few. direct infestation of lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages by sars coronavirus (cov) has been debated as a cause of lymphopenia, but there is no convincing data. lymphopenia can be caused by glucocorticoids, and t ... | 2008 | 18448259 |
| mutations in the spacer peptide and adjoining sequences in rous sarcoma virus gag lead to tubular budding. | all orthoretroviruses encode a single structural protein, gag, which is necessary and sufficient for the assembly and budding of enveloped virus-like particles from the cell. the gag proteins of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) contain a short spacer peptide (sp or sp1, respectively) separating the capsid (ca) and nucleocapsid (nc) domains. sp or sp1 and the residues immediately upstream are known to be critical for proper assembly. using mutagenesis and e ... | 2008 | 18448521 |
| correlation between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) test data and hospitalization of children for rsv lower respiratory tract illness in florida. | florida experiences year-round outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), but it is unknown if there is a correlation between rsv virology data and disease-related hospitalizations. we analyzed rsv surveillance and hospitalization data for the state of florida to determine if there is an association between seasonal virology data and the incidence of international classification of diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification (icd-9-cm) coded hospitalizations for rsv lower respiratory trac ... | 2008 | 18449062 |
| dual role of nox2 in respiratory syncytial virus- and sendai virus-induced activation of nf-kappab in airway epithelial cells. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a member of the paramyxoviridae family, is the most important viral agent of pediatric respiratory tract disease worldwide. human airway epithelial cells (aec) are the primary targets of rsv. aec are responsible for the secretion of a wide spectrum of cytokines and chemokines that are important mediators of the exacerbated airway inflammation triggered by the host in response to rsv infection. nf-kappab is a key transcription factor responsible for the re ... | 2008 | 18453612 |
| multiple simultaneous viral infections in infants with acute respiratory tract infections in spain. | the clinical significance of the presence of more than one type of virus in the respiratory specimens of children with respiratory infections is not clear. | 2008 | 18455958 |
| [evaluation of seeplex rv detection kit for detecting rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, and coronavirus]. | direct antigen test (dat) and culture are primary tests to diagnose infections by respiratory viruses, but are mainly available for the traditional viral pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus, parainfluenza virus (piv), and adenovirus in clinical laboratories. the objective of this study was to evaluate a multiplex reverse transcriptase-pcr method using seeplex rv detection kit (seegene, korea) for the detection of rhinovirus, coronavirus, and human metapneumovirus ... | 2008 | 18458506 |
| evaluation of promoter strength in mouse and rat primary hepatocytes using adenovirus vectors. | primary cultured hepatocytes are widely used in the studies of basic and clinical hepatology. finding an efficient method for gene transfer into primary hepatocytes will be an important advance for these studies. in the present study, we evaluated the activity of an adenovirus vector including promoters for the rous sarcoma virus (rsv), elongation factor 1alpha, and cytomegalovirus (cmv) as well as the beta-actin promoter/cmv enhancer (ca) using beta-galactosidase as a reporter gene. although rs ... | 2008 | 18468873 |
| etiologic agents and outcome determinants of community-acquired pneumonia in urban children: a hospital-based study. | etiologic clues and prognostic indicators of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) were sought in a 30-month study of under-5 admissions for acute lower respiratory infections (alris). investigative tools included blood culture, hemogram, immunofluorescence and serology. associations of variables were tested using standard statistical tools. of 419 alri, 323 (77%) had pneumonia, 234 (72.4%) bronchopneumonia, 66 (20.4%) lobar pneumonia and 23 (7.1%) both. more than 70% had poor parental socioeconomi ... | 2008 | 18481475 |
| factors associated with increased risk of progression to respiratory syncytial virus-associated pneumonia in young kenyan children. | to identify factors associated with developing severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia and their commonality with all-cause lower respiratory tract infection (lrti), in order to isolate those risk factors specifically associated with rsv-lrti and identify targets for control. | 2008 | 18482199 |
| human respiratory syncytial virus genomic and antigenic variants isolated in two hospitals during one epidemic, in santiago, chile. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection (lri) in children. distinct variants of the viruses have been described. | 2008 | 18485812 |
| similar cytokine profiles in response to infection with respiratory syncytial virus type a and type b in the upper respiratory tract in infants. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading viral cause of severe respiratory illness in infants and young children worldwide. rsv isolates can be divided into 2 subgroups, type a and type b. here, we compare for the first time the nasal profiles of 27 immune mediators in response to both viral subtypes in 14 children infected with rsv/a, 8 children infected with rsv/b, 11 children coinfected with rsv/a plus other respiratory viruses, and finally, 27 control children, all <2 years old ... | 2008 | 18493154 |
| rate-difference method proved satisfactory in estimating the influenza burden in primary care visits. | to compare different methods to estimate the disease burden of influenza, using influenza and respiratory syncytial virus-(rsv) associated primary care data as an example. | 2008 | 18495428 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection provokes airway remodelling in allergen-exposed mice in absence of prior allergen sensitization. | the mechanisms underlying exacerbation of asthma induced by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection have been extensively studied in human and animal models. however, most of these studies focused on acute inflammation and little is known of its long-term consequences on remodelling of the airway tissue. | 2008 | 18498543 |
| sendai virus recombinant vaccine expressing hpiv-3 hn or f elicits protective immunity and combines with a second recombinant to prevent hpiv-1, hpiv-3 and rsv infections. | the human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the leading causes of serious respiratory illness in the human pediatric population. despite decades of research, there are currently no licensed vaccines for either the hpiv or rsv pathogens. here we describe the testing of hpiv-3 and rsv candidate vaccines using sendai virus (sev, murine piv-1) as a vector. sev was selected as the vaccine backbone, because it has been shown to elicit robust and durable immune act ... | 2008 | 18499307 |
| ards in an hiv-positive patient associated to respiratory syncytial virus. | we describe a clinical case of ards in an hiv infected patient. ards was associated to a respiratory syncytial virus infection that triggered a suspected pneumocystis infection that despite missing etiologic proofs was treated with antimycotics. as rather limited information on rsv associated ards in hiv patients is available in the current literature, this case is of significant interest. | 2008 | 18499559 |
| high frequency oscillatory ventilation for respiratory failure due to rsv bronchiolitis. | to describe the time course of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (hfov) in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | 2008 | 18500423 |
| an optimized electrofusion-based protocol for generating virus-specific human monoclonal antibodies. | we sought to develop and optimize a hybridoma-based technology for generating human hybridomas that secrete virus-specific monoclonal antibodies for clinical diagnosis and therapy. we developed a novel electrofusion protocol for efficiently fusing epstein-barr virus (ebv)-transformed human b cells with myeloma partners. we tested seven myeloma cell lines and achieved highest efficiency when the hmma 2.5 line was used. we optimized the electrofusion process by improving cell treatments before and ... | 2008 | 18514220 |
| [human metapneumovirus]. | the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a new pneumovirinae related to the avian metapneumovirus type c. hmpv genome differs from human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) genome by the gene order and the lack of nonstructural genes. two genetic sub-groups and four sub-types of hmpv are identified. hmpv infections evolve as regular winter outbreaks which have roughly the same size and overlaping rsv epidemics. among hospitalized children in caen, hmpv is detected in 9.7% of the cases after rsv (37%), ... | 2009 | 18515017 |
| pulmonary eosinophilia requires interleukin-5, eotaxin-1, and cd4+ t cells in mice immunized with respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein. | severe illness, type 2 cytokine production, and pulmonary eosinophilia are adverse immune responses resulting from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge of vvgs-immunized mice. we have shown il-4 and il-13 activity must be simultaneously inhibited to reduce disease severity. we now address the contributions of il-5, eotaxin-1, and cd4+ and cd8+ t cells to the induction of disease-enhancing immune responses. depletion of cd4+ t cells during immunization prevented il-4, il-13, and eotaxin-1 ... | 2008 | 18519743 |
| t helper lymphocyte response to respiratory syncytial virus and its components in patients with respiratory allergy and nonatopic controls. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein is involved in th2-shifted immune response, while f protein has a reverse effect on rsv infection in th2-prone balb/c mice. studies on the human t cell response to f or g protein are few, and the relationship between the immune response to g protein and atopy is not known. | 2008 | 18520155 |
| frequent detection of viral coinfection in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. | respiratory viruses are the main cause of acute respiratory tract infection (ari) in children. real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology is highly practicable for the rapid detection of viral pathogens. the simultaneous detection of a broad spectrum of viruses enables the diagnosis and evaluation of viral coinfection in ari. | 2008 | 18520973 |
| clinical predictors of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. | the aim of this study was to develop a clinical prediction model that identifies respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infants and young children. | 2008 | 18533951 |
| respiratory viruses in acute respiratory tract infections in western india. | to study the circulation pattern of respiratory viruses in out patients department (opd) and hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection. | 2008 | 18536887 |
| upper respiratory virus detection without parent-reported illness in children is virus-specific. | viral upper respiratory tract infection (vuri) may or may not present with a cold/flu-like illness (cfli). | 2008 | 18538629 |
| infection of mice with respiratory syncytial virus during neonatal life primes for enhanced antibody and t cell responses on secondary challenge. | primary neonatal immune responses to infection or vaccines are weak when compared with those of adults. in addition, memory responses of neonatally primed animals may be absent, weak or t helper type 2 (th2)-biased. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pathogen of human infants and infection during the neonatal period has been linked to the development of asthma in later life. here we report that acute intranasal infection of neonatal mice with rsv induces significant rsv-specific a ... | 2008 | 18549446 |
| respiratory syncytial virus induces rela release from cytoplasmic 100-kda nf-kappa b2 complexes via a novel retinoic acid-inducible gene-i{middle dot}nf- kappa b-inducing kinase signaling pathway. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a primary cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in children worldwide. rsv infects airway epithelial cells, where it activates inflammatory genes via the nf-kappab pathway. nf-kappab is controlled by two pathways, a canonical pathway that releases sequestered rela complexes from the ikappabalpha inhibitor, and a second, the noncanonical pathway, that releases relb from the 100-kda nf-kappab2 complex. recently we found that the retinoic acid-induci ... | 2008 | 18550535 |
| cellular la protein shields nonsegmented negative-strand rna viral leader rna from rig-i and enhances virus growth by diverse mechanisms. | the la antigen (ss-b) associates with a wide variety of cellular and viral rnas to affect gene expression in multiple systems. we show that la is the major cellular protein found to be associated with the abundant 44-nucleotide viral leader rna (lerna) early after infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus. consistent with this, la redistributes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in rsv-infected cells. upon rna interference knockdown of la, lerna is ... | 2008 | 18550659 |
| genetic delivery of an anti-rsv antibody to protect against pulmonary infection with rsv. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections. protection against infection with rsv can be achieved by monthly administration of the humanized monoclonal antibody palivizumab. the present study analyzes if genetic delivery of a murine version of palivizumab by single administration would achieve high-level and sustained antibody expression to protect mice against pulmonary infection with rsv. a murine version of the palivizumab antibody was con ... | 2008 | 18556039 |
| development and validation of a risk scoring tool to predict respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in premature infants born at 33 through 35 completed weeks of gestation. | the purpose of the study was to develop and validate a clinical instrument predicting the risk of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated hospitalization (rsv-h) in premature infants born at 33 through 35 completed weeks of gestation (33-35ga). | 2008 | 18556643 |
| long-term care facilities: a cornucopia of viral pathogens. | to determine the frequency and types of respiratory viruses circulating in boston long-term care facilities (ltcfs) during a 3-year period. | 2008 | 18557966 |
| role of respiratory pathogens in infants hospitalized for a first episode of wheezing and their impact on recurrences. | in order to evaluate the infectious agents associated with the first episode of severe acute wheezing in otherwise healthy infants and to define the role of each of them in recurrences, 85 patients in italy, aged <12 months, hospitalized because of a first acute episode of wheezing, were prospectively enrolled between 1 october 2005 and 31 march 2006. upon enrollment, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for the real-time pcr detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) types a and b, influenza ... | 2008 | 18558940 |
| nonstructural proteins 1 and 2 of respiratory syncytial virus suppress maturation of human dendritic cells. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important agent of serious pediatric respiratory tract disease worldwide. one of the main characteristics of rsv is that it readily reinfects and causes disease throughout life without the need for significant antigenic change. the virus encodes nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) and ns2, which are known to suppress type i interferon (ifn) production and signaling. in the present study, we monitored the maturation of human monocyte-derived myeloid d ... | 2008 | 18562519 |
| the effects of alternate polypurine tracts (ppts) and mutations of sequences adjacent to the ppt on viral replication and cleavage specificity of the rous sarcoma virus reverse transcriptase. | we previously reported that a mutant rous sarcoma virus (rsv) with an alternate polypurine tract (ppt), duckhepbflipppt, had unexpectedly high titers and that the ppt was miscleaved primarily at one position following a ga dinucleotide by the rnase h of reverse transcriptase (rt). this miscleavage resulted in a portion of the 3' end of the ppt (5'-atgta) being added to the end of u3 of the linear viral dna. to better understand the rnase h cleavage by rsv rt, we made a number of mutations within ... | 2008 | 18562520 |
| wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children. | virus-induced wheezing episodes in infancy often precede the development of asthma. whether infections with specific viral pathogens confer differential future asthma risk is incompletely understood. | 2008 | 18565953 |
| role of human beta-defensin-2 during tumor necrosis factor-alpha/nf-kappab-mediated innate antiviral response against human respiratory syncytial virus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) constitutes a highly pathogenic virus that infects lung epithelial cells to cause a wide spectrum of respiratory diseases. our recent studies have revealed the existence of an interferon-alpha/beta-independent, innate antiviral response against rsv that was dependent on activation of nf-kappab. we demonstrated that nf-kappab inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf) confers potent antiviral function against rsv in an nf-kap ... | 2008 | 18567888 |
| rsv 2007: recent advances in respiratory syncytial virus research. | the sixth international respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) symposium was held from october 25 through october 28, 2007 in marco island, florida. during this conference, over 200 students and investigators representing 16 countries convened to present and discuss recent advancements in rsv research. presentations ranged from bench to bedside studies encompassing aspects of basic virology, pathogenesis, and immunology, as well as therapeutic and vaccine designs. in total, there were 12 invited spea ... | 2008 | 18570587 |
| clinical characteristics of human bocavirus infections compared with other respiratory viruses in spanish children. | human bocavirus (hbov) can be found in a substantial proportion of children with respiratory tract diseases. the relative importance of hbov in viral respiratory tract illnesses is not yet well known. | 2008 | 18574440 |
| study of montelukast for the treatment of respiratory symptoms of post-respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in children. | a pilot study (bisgaard h; study group on montelukast and respiratory syncytial virus. a randomized trial of montelukast in respiratory syncytial virus postbronchiolitis. am j respir crit care med 2003;167:379-383) reported the efficacy of montelukast in post-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitic respiratory symptoms. | 2008 | 18583576 |
| a one-step real time rt-pcr assay for quantifying rice stripe virus in rice and in the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fallen). | rice stripe virus (rsv) is an important pathogen affecting rice production in subtropical and temperate regions. one-step real time rt-pcr methods using the taqman probe are described for quantitative detection of rsv in rice tissues and in laodelphax striatellus fallen, the small brown planthopper (sbph). primers and probe for specific detection of rsv were designed within the conserved region identified within the coat protein (cp) gene sequence. a dna fragment was amplified for mimicking the ... | 2008 | 18586332 |
| effects of repeated respiratory syncytial virus infections on pulmonary dendritic cells in a murine model of allergic asthma. | primary and secondary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection differentially regulates preexisting allergic airway inflammation. | 2008 | 18594149 |
| comparison of bd directigen ez rsv and binax now rsv tests for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus from nasopharyngeal aspirates in a pediatric population. | the bd directigen ez rsv (bd) assay and the binax now rsv (bn) assays are lateral flow immunochromatographic assays used in the rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. a prospective study was undertaken to compare the performance characteristics of the bd and bn assays using 99 fresh nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens from children. all specimens were cultured by tube cultures and r-mix shell vials. culture-negative specimens that tested positive by 1 or both antigen tests ... | 2008 | 18597969 |
| infection with respiratory syncytial virus alters peptidergic innervation in the lower airways of guinea-pigs. | to probe the mechanisms by which respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in early life forms an important risk factor for the development of chronic asthma, an airway hyper-responsiveness (ahr) animal model of guinea-pigs with persistent rsv infection was established by intranasal instillation of 2 x 10(5) plaque-forming units rsv. on days 0, 7, 28, 42 and 60 postinoculation, the rsv copy numbers, airway function and peptidergic innervation were measured in the peripheral airways. the result ... | 2008 | 18603600 |
| analysis of defectiveness of rous sarcoma virus. iv. kinetics of rsv production. | the growth kinetics of a defective strain of rsv was studied under two different conditions. in the first, helper viruses having different growth rates were added to non-virus-producing rous cells in which infection by rsv without helper virus had been established. in the second, rsv was added to chick embryo cells which had previously been infected with helper virus and which were, therefore, in full production of viral coats. in the first instance, the initial rate of rsv production was regula ... | 1966 | 18611468 |
| immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy: role in the prevention and treatment of repiratory syncytial virus. | it is now apparent that neutralizing antibody may play an important role in ameliorating rsv lower repiratory tract illness. at the present time immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy with polyclonal antibodies show the most promise in the prevention and treatment of rsv illness. several questions remained to be answered. these include the practical application of igiv in prevention and treatment of rsv illness. intravenous lines are often difficult to place and maintain. with the further developme ... | 1993 | 18611528 |
| perspectives for the chemotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major respiratory pathogen in infants and young children. ribavirin is the only antiviral agent approved for the treatment of rsv infections, but its efficacy has remained controversial. in the past few years several compounds have been described that in vitro exhibit marked activity against rsv at a 50% effective concentration that is significantly lower, and with a selectivity index that is significantly higher, than that of ribavirin. among the most po ... | 1996 | 18611756 |
| soluble g protein of respiratory syncytial virus inhibits toll-like receptor 3/4-mediated ifn-beta induction. | monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mdcs) recognize viral rna extrinsically by toll-like receptor (tlr) 3 on the membrane and intrinsically retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) in the cytoplasm to induce type i ifns and mdc maturation. when mdcs were treated with live or uv-irradiated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), early ( approximately 4 h) induction of ifn-beta usually occurs in other virus infections was barely observed. live rsv subsequen ... | 2008 | 18611945 |
| the mechanism of genetic resistance of chick embryo cells to infection by rous sarcoma virus-bryan strain (bs-rsv). | the early steps of rous sarcoma virus-bryan strain (bs-rsv) infection of genetically resistant and susceptible chick embryo cells were investigated. the methods used were the uptake of virus by cells grown in monolayer, and the ability of infected cells to form foci of transformed cells after plating on resistant and susceptible assay plates. it was found that the initial attachment of virus to either genetic type of cells did not differ appreciably. attachment on susceptible cells was immediate ... | 1967 | 18614070 |
| effect of secondhand cigarette smoke, rsv bronchiolitis and parental asthma on urinary cysteinyl lte4. | cysteinyl leukotrienes promote airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction and mucus hypersecretion. cigarette smoking and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis are known to increase urinary cysteinyl leukotriene e4 (ulte4), the end product of the cysteinyl leukotriene biosynthetic pathway. we tested the following hypotheses: (1) secondhand smoke (shs) exposure increases ulte4 in well infants and in those hospitalized for rsv bronchiolitis; (2) length of hospital stay for those with rsv b ... | 2008 | 18615667 |
| cell transformation induced by rous sarcoma virus: analysis of density dependence. | trypsinized chick embryo cells will divide at least once when seeded onto stationary, preexisting cultures of chick cells, but not when seeded onto stationary mouse cells. it is suggested that the mouse cells reconstitute a surface component for the trypsinized chick cells. these findings explain why crowded mouse cell layers, but not chick cell layers, suppress the transformation of chick cells infected with rous sarcoma virus (rsv), since the infected cells must proceed through one cell cycle ... | 1971 | 18619369 |
| [spanish multidisciplinary consensus on the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children]. | a certain degree of feasibility exists in spanish clinical practice with respect to interventions performed to prevent paediatric respiratory infection by rsv, including hygienic measures and intramuscular immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab. this task involves different paediatric specialties that may have a different perception of the magnitude of the problem and different professional criteria regarding the most appropriate actions. | 2008 | 18620681 |
| respiratory syncytial virus uses a vps4-independent budding mechanism controlled by rab11-fip2. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects polarized epithelia, which have tightly regulated trafficking because of the separation and maintenance of the apical and basolateral membranes. previously we established a link between the apical recycling endosome (are) and the assembly of rsv. the current studies tested the role of a major are-associated protein, rab11 family interacting protein 2 (fip2) in the virus life cycle. a dominant-negative form of fip2 lacking its n-terminal c2 domain reduced ... | 2008 | 18621683 |
| a cre-loxp-based mouse model for conditional somatic gene expression and knockdown in vivo by using avian retroviral vectors. | site- and time-specific somatic gene transfer by using the avian sarcoma-leukosis retrovirus rcas (replication-competent avian sarcoma-leukosis virus long terminal repeat with splice acceptor) has been shown to be a powerful tool to analyze gene function in vivo. rcas retroviruses that express the avian subgroup a envelope transduce only mammalian cells genetically engineered to express the avian retroviral receptor, tumor virus a (tva). here, we generated a knockin mouse line termed lsl-r26(tva ... | 2008 | 18621715 |
| cxcl10/cxcr3-mediated responses promote immunity to respiratory syncytial virus infection by augmenting dendritic cell and cd8(+) t cell efficacy. | the induction of inflammatory cytokines during respiratory viral infections contributes to both disease pathogenesis and resolution. the present studies investigated the role of the chemokine cxcl10 and its specific receptor, cxcr3, in the host response to pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. antibody-mediated neutralization of cxcl10 resulted in a significant increase in disease pathogenesis, including airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr), mucus gene expression, and impaired viral ... | 2008 | 18624292 |
| virus-specific rna species present in the cytoplasm of rous sarcoma virus-infected chicken cells. | polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated cytoplasmic rna from chicken cells infected with wild-type (wt) and transformation-defective (td) rous sarcoma virus (rsv) were fractionated on sucrose density gradients and hybridized with a [3h]cdna probe complementary to rsv-rna to determine the size distribution of virus-specific rna. two major species of poly (a) -containing viral rna sedimenting at 35 and 21 s were detected in wt and td virus-infected cells. both rna classes were released from polyribos ... | 1977 | 18625472 |
| the distribution of virus-specific rna in rous sarcoma virus-induced hamster tumor cells. | poly(a)-containing cytoplasmic rna and nuclear rna from rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-induced hamster tumor cells was fractionated on sucrose density gradients and hybridized with a [3h]cdna probe to determine the size distribution of virus-specific rna. one size class of viral rna sedimenting at 21 s was detected in cytoplasmic poly(a)-containing rna. nuclear rna contained three species of virus-specific rna sedimenting at 47, 35, and 21 s. sedimentation of nuclear rna under denaturing conditions di ... | 1977 | 18625473 |
| epidemiologic, experimental, and clinical links between respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma. | virtually all children experience respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection at least once during the first 2 years of life, but only a few develop bronchiolitis and more severe disease requiring hospitalization, usually in the first 6 months of life. children who recover from rsv-induced bronchiolitis are at increased risk for the development of recurrent wheeze and asthma in later childhood. recent studies suggest that there is an association between rsv-induced bronchiolitis and asthma withi ... | 2008 | 18625684 |
| clinical relevance of prevention of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in preterm infants born between 33 and 35 weeks gestational age. | premature infants are vulnerable to severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) resulting in hospitalisation and the potential for longer-term respiratory morbidity. whilst the severity and consequence of rsv lrti are generally accepted and recognised in infants born <or=32 weeks gestational age (ga), there is less acknowledgment of the potential consequences in infants born 33-35 weeks ga. however, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that infants ... | 2008 | 18629558 |
| maize stripe virus: characteristics of a member of a new virus class. | an unusual filamentous nucleoprotein about 3 nm in diameter was consistently associated with maize stripe-diseased maize. antiserum to purified nucleoprotein neutralized the infectivity of extracts from maize stripe-diseased plants suggesting that the nucleoprotein was the maize stripe virus (mstpv). the rate-zonal sedimentation pattern of the nucleoprotein on sucrose gradients was polydisperse between 51 and 70 s. cscl isopycnic centrifugation of combined nucleoprotein zones from sucrose gradie ... | 1981 | 18635064 |
| vaccination of calves using the brsv nucleocapsid protein in a dna prime-protein boost strategy stimulates cell-mediated immunity and protects the lungs against brsv replication and pathology. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory disease in both cattle and young children. despite the development of vaccines against bovine (b)rsv, incomplete protection and exacerbation of subsequent rsv disease have occurred. in order to circumvent these problems, calves were vaccinated with the nucleocapsid protein, known to be a major target of cd8(+) t cells in cattle. this was performed according to a dna prime-protein boost strategy. the results showed that dna vaccina ... | 2008 | 18644416 |
| chronological and clinical characteristics of apnea associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection: a retrospective case series. | infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection are at risk for developing apnea. the authors compared patients with rsv infection who develop apnea with those who do not, to help ambulatory physicians risk stratify their patients with rsv infection. | 2008 | 18648081 |
| epidemiologic characteristics and seasonal distribution of human metapneumovirus infections in five epidemic seasons in stockholm, sweden, 2002-2006. | the presence of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was analyzed retrospectively by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in five epidemic seasons, in stockholm, 2002-2006. the occurrence of hmpv was compared with five common respiratory viruses; respiratory syncytial virus, influenza a virus, influenza b virus, parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. with a detection rate of 2.9% (n = 143/4,989) in nasopharyngeal samples over the whole period, hmpv was the fourth most common respiratory ... | 2008 | 18649344 |
| th1 and th2 cytokine levels in nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with human bocavirus bronchiolitis. | human bocavirus (hbov) is regarded as one of the possible etiologic agents in lower respiratory tract infection and bronchial asthma exacerbation in children despite frequent co-detection with other respiratory viruses. the immunologic response in children with hbov infection is still not clear. | 2008 | 18650126 |
| detection of 11 common viral and bacterial pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia or sepsis in asymptomatic patients by using a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay with manual (enzyme hybridization) or automated (electronic microarray) detection. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and sepsis are important causes of morbidity and mortality. we describe the development of two molecular assays for the detection of 11 common viral and bacterial agents of cap and sepsis: influenza virus a, influenza virus b, respiratory syncytial virus a (rsv a), rsv b, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, legionella micdadei, bordetella pertussis, staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcus pneumoniae. further, we report the ... | 2008 | 18650351 |
| pre-existing disease is associated with a significantly higher risk of death in severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | 600,000 deaths worldwide are estimated to be directly or indirectly attributable to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2009 | 18653625 |
| human metapneumovirus in lung transplant recipients and comparison to respiratory syncytial virus. | human metapneumovirus is a newly described virus isolated in 2001 from children with acute respiratory viral infection. it has subsequently been reported globally, although there are limited data in lung transplant recipients. | 2008 | 18658110 |
| seasonality of primary care utilization for respiratory diseases in ontario: a time-series analysis. | respiratory diseases represent a significant burden in primary care. determining the temporal variation of the overall burden of respiratory diseases on the health care system and their potential causes are keys to understanding disease dynamics in populations and can contribute to the rational management of health care resources. | 2008 | 18662391 |
| enhancement of the cd8+ t cell response to a subdominant epitope of respiratory syncytial virus by deletion of an immunodominant epitope. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) are critical for the control of respiratory syncytial virus infection (rsv) in humans and mice. recently, we identified a new h-2k(d)-restricted subdominant epitope in the respiratory syncytial virus m2 protein. in this study, we investigated if modification of anchor residues at positions 2 and 9 in the dominant m2(82-90) epitope in the m2 protein would alter the ctl epitope dominance hierarchy following immunization with plasmid dna encoding m2 proteins. we showe ... | 2008 | 18662734 |
| flip-2 study: risk factors linked to respiratory syncytial virus infection requiring hospitalization in premature infants born in spain at a gestational age of 32 to 35 weeks. | ex-premature infants are more predisposed to complicated primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the aim of the present study was to validate the risk factors found in a previous epidemiologic case-control study regarding hospitalization as a result of rsv infection in premature infants born at 32-35 weeks of gestational age (wga) in spain. | 2008 | 18664927 |
| host species-specific usage of the tlr4-lps receptor complex. | recognition of lps depends on the interaction of at least three molecules forming the lps-receptor complex. the most important ones, cd14, md2 and toll-like receptor (tlr) 4 share a high degree of homology between species. in the present study, we investigated the importance of species-specific restriction on the recognition of lps using stably transfected hek293 cell lines expressing either human or bovine lps-receptor complex components. species-specific md2 appeared to confer lps recognition, ... | 2008 | 18669608 |
| bench-to-bedside review: rare and common viral infections in the intensive care unit--linking pathophysiology to clinical presentation. | viral infections are common causes of respiratory tract disease in the outpatient setting but much less common in the intensive care unit. however, a finite number of viral agents cause respiratory tract disease in the intensive care unit. some viruses, such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and varicella-zoster virus (vzv), are relatively common. others, such as adenovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus, hantavirus, and the viral hemo ... | 2008 | 18671826 |
| purkinje-cell-preferential transduction by lentiviral vectors with the murine stem cell virus promoter. | viral-vector-mediated gene delivery into purkinje cells is a promising method for exploring the pathophysiology of the cerebellum; however, it is generally difficult to achieve sufficiently high levels of gene expression in purkinje cells using viral vectors with a cell-type-specific promoter because of the weakness of transcriptional activity. in this study, we prepared lentiviral vectors that express gfp under the control of various ubiquitous promoters derived from murine stem cell virus (msc ... | 2008 | 18675313 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in children with acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the children's oncology group. | morbidity and mortality related to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (aml) is not known. | 2008 | 18680152 |
| retroviral nucleocapsid proteins display nonequivalent levels of nucleic acid chaperone activity. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) nucleocapsid protein (nc) is a nucleic acid chaperone that facilitates the remodeling of nucleic acids during various steps of the viral life cycle. two main features of nc's chaperone activity are its abilities to aggregate and to destabilize nucleic acids. these functions are associated with nc's highly basic character and with its zinc finger domains, respectively. while the chaperone activity of hiv-1 nc has been extensively studied, less is known ... | 2008 | 18684831 |
| host immunity during rsv pathogenesis. | infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of childhood hospitalization as well as a major health and economic burden worldwide. unfortunately, rsv infection provides only limited immune protection to reinfection, mostly due to inadequate immunological memory, which leads to an exacerbated inflammatory response in the respiratory tract promoting airway damage during virus clearance. this exacerbated and inefficient immune-inflammatory response triggered by rsv, has often ... | 2008 | 18687294 |
| viral infection in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: prevalence, pathogens, and presentation. | the potential role of respiratory viruses in the natural history of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in adults has not been well described since the advent of nucleic amplification tests (nats). | 2008 | 18689592 |
| a patient-centric, internet-based application for the data management of a multi-centre respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis program. | the success of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis programs is partially dependent upon meticulous tracking of at risk infants, and excellent data management. we designed and built an integrated, shared, user-driven but infant-centric data management application that enables an infants healthcare provider to determine an infants rsv prophylaxis status throughout the rsv season. the security and confidentiality of each infants information is protected by rigorous integrity constraints t ... | 2007 | 18693968 |
| [nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections in three cases in a bone marrow transplantation unit]. | here we report the spread of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among three patients, who were hospitalized in an adult hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (hsct) unit because of hematologic diseases, and effects of rsv infection on post-transplant outcome. the patients were placed into reverse isolation for administration of preparative regimens (high dose chemotherapy) in hsct unit with high-energy particulate air (hepa)-filtered single rooms. first case was a 62 years-old man with ... | 2008 | 18697436 |
| young infants can develop protective levels of neutralizing antibody after infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | humoral immunity protects against severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease, but the range and magnitude of antibody responses in rsv-naive children after rsv infection have not been completely defined. we evaluated rsv-neutralizing antibody and immunoglobulin g responses to rsv f and g glycoproteins in 65 rsv-naive navajo and white mountain apache children aged 0-24 months who were hospitalized with rsv infection. in these children, antibody responses developed against rsv f and g and th ... | 2008 | 18702606 |
| healthy but not rsv-infected lung epithelial cells profoundly inhibit t cell activation. | respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), can cause asthma exacerbations and bronchiolitis. both conditions are associated with enhanced cognate immune responses and inflammation and reduced immune regulation. lung epithelial cells (lecs) can contribute to antiviral and allergic immune responses while gut epithelial cells can inhibit effector t cell responses. a study was performed to determine whether healthy lecs regulate antigen-specific t cell responses and if this re ... | 2009 | 18710906 |
| first report on fatal myocarditis associated with adenovirus infection in cuba. | myocarditis is caused frequently by viral infections of the myocardium. in the past, enteroviruses (ev) were considered the most common cause of myocarditis in all age groups. other viruses that cause myocarditis are adenovirus and influenza viruses. parvovirus b19 infection is associated sometimes with myocarditis. members of the herpesviridae family, cytomegalovirus (cmv), and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) have been associated occasionally with myocarditis. during an atypical outbreak of acute f ... | 2008 | 18712847 |
| nef can enhance the infectivity of receptor-pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles. | nef is an accessory protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) that enhances the infectivity of progeny virions when expressed in virus-producing cells. the requirement for nef for optimal infectivity is, at least in part, determined by the envelope (env) glycoprotein, because it can be eliminated by pseudotyping hiv-1 particles with ph-dependent env proteins. to investigate the role of env in the function of nef, we have examined the effect of nef on the infectivity of env-deficient ... | 2008 | 18715908 |
| [human bocavirus-infection (hbov): an important cause of severe viral obstructive bronchitis in children]. | apart from established pathogens of lower respiratory tract infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an increasing number of additional agents has been identified in recent years. in 2005 the human bocavirus (hbov) has been isolated from respiratory tract samples and has been reported worldwide with frequencies ranging from 1.5 to 18.3% in respiratory samples from children with airway infections. | 2008 | 18716982 |
| optimization of plasmid-only rescue of highly attenuated and temperature-sensitive respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine candidates for human trials. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of severe bronchiolitis in infants and young children in the u.s. no licensed rsv vaccines are currently available. established techniques for recovering rsv from cdna utilize mammalian cells, such as hep-2 or bsr t7/5, that are not currently suitable for vaccine manufacture. when using hep-2 cells, co-infection with an attenuated vaccinia virus that expresses t7 rna polymerase is also required. for human clinical trials, processes that ... | 2008 | 18722472 |
| cigarette smoke condensate enhances respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine release by modulating nf-kappa b and interferon regulatory factor activation. | exposure to cigarette smoke is a risk factor contributing to the severity of respiratory tract infections associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). stimulation of airway epithelial cells by either rsv or cigarette smoke condensate (csc) has been shown to induce secretion of the proinflammatory chemokines. however, the effect of coexposure of airway epithelial cells to csc and rsv on inducible chemokine production has not been previously investigated. the results of this study indicate t ... | 2008 | 18723827 |
| tiotropium bromide attenuates respiratory syncytial virus replication in epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection could be related to airway inflammation as well as exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). tiotropium bromide decreases the frequency of exacerbation in patients with copd; however, the mechanisms of tiotropium bromide to reduce the chances of exacerbation have not been defined. one potential mechanism could be that tiotropium bromide protects against rsv infection in epithelial cells. | 2008 | 18728351 |
| oncogenesis by retroviruses: old and new paradigms. | retroviruses are associated with a variety of diseases including an array of malignancies, immunodeficiencies and neurological disorders. in particular, studies of oncogenic retroviruses established fundamental principles of modern molecular cancer biology. studies of avian rous sarcoma virus (rsv) led to the discovery of the viral oncogene src, and this was followed by the discovery of other viral oncogenes in retroviruses of mammals including rodents, cats, monkeys and so forth. studies of the ... | 2008 | 18729235 |
| relevance of viral context and diversity of antigen-processing routes for respiratory syncytial virus cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitopes. | antigen processing of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein epitopes f85-93 and f249-258 presented to cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctls) by the murine major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecule kd was studied in different viral contexts. epitope f85-93 was presented through a classical endogenous pathway dependent on the transporters associated with antigen processing (tap) when the f protein was expressed from either rsv or recombinant vaccinia virus (rvacv). at least in ... | 2008 | 18753229 |
| cytokine response after severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in early life. | immune response after viral infection usually involves t(h)1-mediated response; however, severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection appears to be associated with the development of asthma, a t(h)2-predominant phenotype. | 2008 | 18760461 |
| feather pulp organ cultures for assessing host resistance to infection with avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses. | the purpose of this study was to improve in vitro procedures for detecting cellular resistance to the avian leukosis-sarcoma group of viruses. four feather pulp organ cultures (fpoc) were prepared from each chicken by placing pulp squeezed from feathers in wells of microtitre plates that contained culture medium. two of the four fpoc were inoculated with rous sarcoma virus (rsv) of subgroup a and 5 to 6 days later the fluids from all four cultures were assayed for virus by inoculating chicken em ... | 1987 | 18766632 |