| a phase 3, randomized, active-controlled study to assess the safety and tolerability of meningococcal serogroup b vaccine bivalent rlp2086 in healthy adolescents and young adults. | neisseria meningitidis serogroup b (mnb) is an important cause of invasive meningococcal disease (imd). a mnb vaccine (bivalent rlp2086, trumenba(®)) consisting of 2 factor h binding protein variants received accelerated approval in the united states for the prevention of imd caused by mnb in individuals 10-25 years of age. this randomized, active-controlled, observer-blind study further assessed the safety and tolerability of bivalent rlp2086. | 2016 | 26845739 |
| hepatitis a infections among food handlers in the united states, 1993-2011. | we reviewed news reports of hepatitis a virus (hav)-infected food handlers in the united states from 1993 to 2011 using the lexisnexis® search engine. using u.s. news reports, we identified 192 hav-infected food handlers who worked while infectious; of these hav-infected individuals, 34 (18%) transmitted hav to restaurant patrons. news reports of hav-infected food handlers declined from 1993 to 2011. this analysis suggests that universal childhood vaccination contributed to the decrease in repor ... | 2017 | 26843666 |
| enteric viruses in surface water and sediment samples from the catchment area of peri lagoon, santa catarina state, brazil. | this paper aims to quantify human adenovirus (hadv), rotavirus species a (rva), and hepatitis a virus (hav) in surface water and sediments and to determine the viability of hadv in these samples. water and sediment samples were collected, and hadv, rva, and hav were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr); hadv was also evaluated for infectivity by a plaque assay (pa). for the water samples, hadv was detected in 70.8% of the summer collections, with 82.4% containing infectious ha ... | 2016 | 26837838 |
| international linkage of two food-borne hepatitis a clusters through traceback of mussels, the netherlands, 2012. | this report describes an outbreak investigation starting with two closely related suspected food-borne clusters of dutch hepatitis a cases, nine primary cases in total, with an unknown source in the netherlands. the hepatitis a virus (hav) genotype ia sequences of both clusters were highly similar (459/460 nt) and were not reported earlier. food questionnaires and a case-control study revealed an association with consumption of mussels. analysis of mussel supply chains identified the most likely ... | 2016 | 26836217 |
| thermal inactivation of enteric viruses and bioaccumulation of enteric foodborne viruses in live oysters (crassostrea virginica). | human enteric viruses are among the main causative agents of shellfish-associated outbreaks. in this study, the kinetics of viral bioaccumulation in live oysters and the heat stabilities of the predominant enteric viruses were determined both in tissue culture and in oyster tissues. a human norovirus (hunov) gii.4 strain, hunov surrogates (murine norovirus [mnv-1], tulane virus [tv]), hepatitis a virus (hav), and human rotavirus (rv) bioaccumulated to high titers within oyster tissues, with diff ... | 2016 | 26826225 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a and associated factors among 1-15 year old children in eastern turkey. | hepatitis a is a common infectious disease during childhood worldwide. recently, great deal of changes in the epidemiology has been reported. the seroepidemiologic studies of this infection are not sufficient in eastern region of turkey. | 2015 | 26770581 |
| reappraisal of the immunogenicity and safety of three hepatitis a vaccines in adolescents. | although the overall incidence of hepatitis a in korea has been decreasing, adolescents remain highly vulnerable to its outbreaks. this study was conducted to compare the immunogenicity and safety of three hepatitis a vaccines in korean adolescents. healthy anti-hepatitis a virus seronegative subjects aged 13 to 19 yr were randomized in three equal groups to receive two doses of avaxim™, epaxal®, or havrix®, 6 to 12 months apart. seroconversion rates one month after the first dose were 98%, 95%, ... | 2016 | 26770041 |
| hepatitis a in korea from 2011 to 2013: current epidemiologic status and regional distribution. | the hepatitis a virus (hav) has been the leading cause of viral hepatitis in korea since the 2000s. we aimed to describe the current status and regional differences in hepatitis a incidence. we studied the total number of hepatitis a cases reported to the korea centers for disease control and prevention through the national infectious diseases surveillance system between 2011 and 2013. additionally, national health insurance review and assessment service data and national population data from st ... | 2016 | 26770040 |
| dietary plant stanol ester consumption improves immune function in asthma patients: results of a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. | in vitro and ex vivo studies have suggested that plant sterols and stanols can shift the t helper (th) 1/th2 balance toward a th1-type immune response, which may be beneficial in th2-dominant conditions such as asthma and allergies. | 2016 | 26762374 |
| seroprevalence of igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus in at-risk group in benin city, nigeria. | | 2016 | 28349840 |
| cellular localization and effects of ectopically expressed hepatitis a virus proteins 2b, 2c, 3a and their intermediates 2bc, 3ab and 3abc. | in the course of hepatitis a virus (hav) infections, the seven nonstructural proteins and their intermediates are barely detectable. therefore, little is known about their functions and mechanisms of action. ectopic expression of the presumably membrane-associated proteins 2b, 2c, 3a and their intermediates 2bc, 3ab and 3abc allowed the intracellular localization of these proteins and their possible function during the replication cycle of hav to be investigated. in this study, we used rhesus mo ... | 2016 | 26711455 |
| longitudinal study of hepatitis a infection by saliva sampling: the kinetics of hav markers in saliva revealed the application of saliva tests for hepatitis a study. | despite the increasing numbers of studies investigating hepatitis a diagnostic through saliva, the frequency and the pattern of hepatitis a virus (hav) markers in this fluid still remains unknown. to address this issue, we carried on a longitudinal study to examine the kinetics of hav markers in saliva, in comparison with serum samples. the present study followed-up ten patients with acute hepatitis a infection during 180 days post diagnosis (dpd). total anti-hav was detected in paired serum and ... | 2015 | 26690904 |
| a 1-year study on the detection of human enteric viruses in new caledonia. | human enteric viruses occur in high concentrations in wastewater and can contaminate receiving environmental waters. due to the lack of data on the prevalence of enteric viruses in new caledonia, the presence and the concentrations of enteric viruses in wastewater and seawater were determined. untreated wastewater and seawater samples were collected monthly for 1 year from a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) and from the wwtp's outlet, located directly on a popular recreational beach. samples we ... | 2016 | 26670603 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a viral rna and antibodies among chinese blood donors. | like other developing countries, china was reported to have a relatively high seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis a antibodies (anti-hav). however, no studies have evaluated the prevalence of anti-hav and hav rna among voluntary blood donors with or without elevated serum alanine transaminase (alt) levels. anti-hav antibodies were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was carried out for detection of hav rna. in the cur ... | 2015 | 26662440 |
| modeling the hepatitis a epidemiological transition in thailand. | in most low- and middle-income countries, hepatitis a virus (hav) is shifting or expected to shift from high endemicity to intermediate or low endemicity. a decreased risk of hav infection will cause an increase in the average age at infection and will therefore increase the proportion of infections that results in severe disease. mathematical models can provide insights into the factors contributing to this epidemiological transition. | 2016 | 26657185 |
| persistence of seropositivity among persons vaccinated for hepatitis a during infancy by maternal antibody status: 15-year follow-up. | the effect of passively transferred maternal antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) on the duration of seropositivity after hepatitis a vaccination during infancy and early childhood is unclear. we obtained levels of anti-hav at intervals through age 15-16 years among three groups of alaskan native children who initiated a two-dose inactivated hepatitis a vaccination series at ages 6 months (group 1), 12 months (group 2), and 15 months (group 3), each group randomized according to maternal ant ... | 2016 | 26637987 |
| world health organization global estimates and regional comparisons of the burden of foodborne disease in 2010. | illness and death from diseases caused by contaminated food are a constant threat to public health and a significant impediment to socio-economic development worldwide. to measure the global and regional burden of foodborne disease (fbd), the world health organization (who) established the foodborne disease burden epidemiology reference group (ferg), which here reports their first estimates of the incidence, mortality, and disease burden due to 31 foodborne hazards. we find that the global burde ... | 2015 | 26633896 |
| direct-acting antivirals and host-targeting agents against the hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a major cause of acute hepatitis and occasionally leads to acute liver failure in both developing and developed countries. although effective vaccines for hav are available, the development of new antivirals against hav may be important for the control of hav infection in developed countries where no universal vaccination program against hav exists, such as japan. there are two forms of antiviral agents against hav: direct-acting antivirals (daas) and host-ta ... | 2015 | 26623267 |
| hepatitis a seropositivity among first-year students of the medical university in isfahan, iran. | students of medicine are prone to contact with various infectious agents such as hepatitis a virus (hav). infection with hav may lead to morbidity and in rare cases, mortality. we evaluated the seroprevalence of hav among 1(st)-year medical students to assess the necessity of vaccination/preventive immunoglobulin in this at-risk population. | 2014 | 26622991 |
| novel biomarker candidates for the diagnosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma. | ovarian clear cell carcinoma can arise from endometriosis; however, it is distinct from other types of epithelial ovarian carcinoma in terms of its clinicopathological and molecular features. cancer antigen 125 lacks the sensitivity and specificity required for accurate clinical diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma. therefore, the aim of the current review was to identify novel biomarker candidates for the immunohistochemical and serological diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma. a search of the releva ... | 2015 | 26622542 |
| single-dose universal hepatitis a immunization in argentina: low viral circulation and high persistence of protective antibodies up to 4 years. | single-dose hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination was implemented in all argentinean children aged 12 months in 2005. between 2005 and 2011, a dramatic decline was observed in hav infection rates, fulminant hepatitis, and liver transplantation. this study assessed current viral circulation and estimated protective antibody persistence 4 years after vaccination. | 2015 | 26582885 |
| safety and immunogenicity of human serum albumin-free mmr vaccine in us children aged 12-15 months. | m-m-r(tm)ii (mmrii; merck & co) is currently the only measles-mumps-rubella (mmr) vaccine licensed in the united states. another licensed vaccine would reinforce mmr supply. this study assessed the immunogenicity of a candidate vaccine (priorix(tm), glaxosmithkline vaccines [mmr-rit]) when used as a first dose among eligible children in the united states. | 2015 | 26582873 |
| human hepatitis a virus is united with a host of relations. | | 2015 | 26582796 |
| evolutionary origins of hepatitis a virus in small mammals. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is an ancient and ubiquitous human pathogen recovered previously only from primates. the sole species of the genus hepatovirus, existing in both enveloped and nonenveloped forms, and with a capsid structure intermediate between that of insect viruses and mammalian picornaviruses, hav is enigmatic in its origins. we conducted a targeted search for hepatoviruses in 15,987 specimens collected from 209 small mammal species globally and discovered highly diversified viruses in ... | 2015 | 26575627 |
| estimating the critical immunity threshold for preventing hepatitis a outbreaks in men who have sex with men. | several outbreaks of hepatitis a in men who have sex with men (msm) were reported in the 1980s and 1990s in australia and other countries. an effective hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine has been available in australia since 1994 and is recommended for high-risk groups including msm. no outbreaks of hepatitis a in australian msm have been reported since 1996. in this study, we aimed to estimate hav transmissibility in msm populations in order to inform targets for vaccine coverage in such populatio ... | 2016 | 26566273 |
| the prevalence of hepatitis a virus and parvovirus b19 in source-plasma donors and whole blood donors in china. | to compare the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) and human parvovirus b19 (b19v) between source-plasma (sp) donors and whole blood (wb) donors. | 2015 | 26564017 |
| sequence-independent amplification coupled with dna microarray analysis for detection and genotyping of noroviruses. | noroviruses (novs) have high levels of genetic sequence diversities, which lead to difficulties in designing robust universal primers to efficiently amplify specific viral genomes for molecular analysis. we here described the practicality of sequence-independent amplification combined with dna microarray analysis for simultaneous detection and genotyping of human novs in fecal specimens. we showed that single primer isothermal linear amplification (ribo-spia) of genogroup i (gi) and genogroup ii ... | 2015 | 26556029 |
| seropositivity among korean young adults approximately 2 years after a single-dose vaccination against hepatitis a virus. | we previously observed 80.7% seropositivity and a significant interaction between gender and hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine type (havrix vs. epaxal) on the seropositivity approximately 11 months after single-dose hav vaccinations in korean young adults. our objective was to evaluate seropositivity approximately 2 years after a single-dose hav vaccination and the influence of demographic characteristics on seropositivity, including the interaction between gender and vaccine type. seronegative me ... | 2015 | 26540392 |
| viral excretion and antibody titers in children infected with hepatitis a virus from an orphanage in western india. | hepatitis a is endemic in india and mainly causes sporadic infections. however, children in childcare centers, schools and orphanages are vulnerable to common-source outbreaks as they have naive hosts. | 2015 | 26521227 |
| the c-terminal region of the non-structural protein 2b from hepatitis a virus demonstrates lipid-specific viroporin-like activity. | viroporins are virally encoded, membrane-active proteins, which enhance viral replication and assist in egress of viruses from host cells. the 2b proteins in the picornaviridae family are known to have viroporin-like properties, and play critical roles during virus replication. the 2b protein of hepatitis a virus (2b), an unusual picornavirus, is somewhat dissimilar from its analogues in several respects. hav 2b is approximately 2.5 times the length of other 2b proteins, and does not disrupt cal ... | 2015 | 26515753 |
| unilateral adie's tonic pupil and viral hepatitis - report of two cases. | adie's (tonic) pupil is a neuro-ophthalmological disorder characterized by a tonically dilated pupil, which is unresponsive to light. it is caused by damage to postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic innervation of the eye, usually by a viral.or bacterial infection. adie's syndrome includes diminished deep tendon reflexes. | 2015 | 26506756 |
| health economic assessment of universal immunization of toddlers against hepatitis a virus (hav) in mexico. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has shifted from high to intermediate endemicity in mexico, which may increase the risk of clinically significant hav infections in older children, adolescents and adults. the objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-utility of single-dose or 2-dose universal infant hav vaccination strategy in mexico, compared with no vaccination. a previously published dynamic model estimated the expected number of hav cases with each strategy, and a decision model was used to es ... | 2016 | 26503702 |
| intermediate endemicity of hepatitis a virus infection in rural settlement projects of southwest goiás, brazil. | rural populations present an elevated risk of exposure to hepatitis a virus. | 2015 | 26486287 |
| decreasing immunity to hepatitis a virus infection among us adults: findings from the national health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes), 1999-2012. | the clinical course of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is more severe with increased age. in the united states, surveillance data reported to cdc since 2011 indicate increases in both the absolute number of cases and the mean age of cases. total antibody to hav (anti-hav) is a marker of immunity. | 2015 | 26476364 |
| socioeconomic inequities and hepatitis a virus infection in western brazilian amazonian children: spatial distribution and associated factors. | hepatitis a is still a neglected health problem in the world. the most affected areas are the ones with disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions. in brazil, seroprevalence studies showed that 64.7 % of the general population has antibodies against hav (hepatitis a virus), and the amazon region has the highest seroprevalence in the country. | 2015 | 26471064 |
| lysosomes serve as a platform for hepatitis a virus particle maturation and nonlytic release. | early studies on hepatitis a virus (hav) in cell culture demonstrated the inclusion of several viral particles in an intracellular lipid-bilayer membrane. however, the origin of these virus-associated membranes and the mechanism for the non-lytic release of hav into bile are still unknown. analyzing the association of this virus with cell organelles, we found that newly synthesized hav particles accumulate in lysosomal organelles and that lysosomal enzymes are involved in the maturation cleavage ... | 2016 | 26467925 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis a virus in africa among persons aged 1-10 years: a systematic review protocol. | africa is considered an area of high endemicity for hepatitis a virus infection. however, in the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in improving water sources and sanitation which are risk factors for hepatitis a virus infection. recent studies suggest that several african countries could be in epidemiological transitions due to the evident socio-economic development. as a result, there may be a decrease in the exposure to and infection with hepatitis a virus at an early age. un ... | 2015 | 26419360 |
| solar water disinfection (sodis): impact on hepatitis a virus and on a human norovirus surrogate under natural solar conditions. | this study evaluates the effectiveness of solar water disinfection (sodis) in the reduction and inactivation of hepatitis a virus (hav) and of the human norovirus surrogate, murine norovirus (mnv-1), under natural solar conditions. experiments were performed in 330 ml polyethylene terephthalate (pet) bottles containing hav or mnv-1 contaminated waters (10(3) pfu/ml) that were exposed to natural sunlight for 2 to 8 h. parallel experiments under controlled temperature and/or in darkness conditions ... | 2015 | 26415666 |
| the sirtuin inhibitor sirtinol inhibits hepatitis a virus (hav) replication by inhibiting hav internal ribosomal entry site activity. | epigenetics plays a role in the regulation of gene expression. epigenetic changes control gene expression at the transcriptional level. our previous study suggested that the la protein, which is mainly localized in the nucleus, was associated with hepatitis a virus (hav) internal ribosomal entry site (ires)-mediated translation and hav replication. the aim of this study was to investigate whether epigenetic compounds have effects on hav ires-mediated translation and hav replication. sirtinol, a ... | 2015 | 26388050 |
| prevalence, severity, and impact of renal dysfunction in acute liver failure on the us liver transplant waiting list. | although renal dysfunction is a known complication of acute liver failure (alf), its frequency, severity, and impact among patients with alf on the us liver transplant list are not well defined. | 2016 | 26386861 |
| experimental evidence of hepatitis a virus infection in pigs. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide, with hav infection being restricted to humans and nonhuman primates. in this study, hav infection status was serologically determined in domestic pigs and experimental infections of hav were attempted to verify hav infectivity in pigs. antibodies specific to hav or hav-like agents were detected in 3.5% of serum samples collected from pigs in swine farms. when the pigs were infected intravenously with 2 × 10(5) 50% t ... | 2016 | 26381440 |
| molecular analysis of hepatitis a virus strains obtained from patients with acute hepatitis a in mongolia, 2004-2013. | despite the high endemicity of hepatitis a virus (hav) in mongolia, the genetic information on those hav strains is limited. serum samples obtained from 935 patients with acute hepatitis in ulaanbaatar, mongolia during 2004-2013 were tested for the presence of hav rna using reverse transcription-pcr with primers targeting the vp1-2b region (481 nucleotides, primer sequences at both ends excluded). overall, 180 patients (19.3%) had detectable hav rna. these 180 isolates shared 94.6-100% identity ... | 2016 | 26369542 |
| validation of new real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of hepatitis a virus rna and parvovirus b19 dna. | to meet european guidelines for plasma for fractionation, plasma fractionators have implemented parvovirus b19 (b19v) and hepatitis a virus (hav) nucleic acid test (nat) screening on test pools. in this study we evaluate recently developed in-house nat assays for b19v dna and hav rna. the b19v nat was designed to target two different regions of the b19v genome. | 2016 | 26354230 |
| genetic characterization of a novel hepatitis a virus strain in irrigation water in south africa. | hepatitis a virus (hav) was detected, by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, in irrigation water from a dam on a commercial fresh produce farm in south africa (sa). the virus was characterized by nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a consensus sequence spanning the vp1 and vp1/p2b genomic regions. amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the hav strain was closely related to hav genotype v and possibly of simian origin. this suggests that a ... | 2016 | 26331799 |
| hepatitis a complicated with acute renal failure and high hepatocyte growth factor: a case report. | a 58-year-old man was admitted to our hospital. laboratory data showed severe liver injury and that the patient was positive for immunoglobulin m anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies. he was also complicated with severe renal dysfunction and had an extremely high level of serum hepatocyte growth factor (hgf). therefore, he was diagnosed with severe acute liver failure with acute renal failure (arf) caused by hav infection. prognosis was expected to be poor because of complications by arf and ... | 2015 | 26327776 |
| synthetic peptides for the immunodiagnosis of hepatitis a virus infection. | vp1, vp2 and vp3 molecules of hepatitis a virus are exposed capsid proteins that have shown to be antigenic and are used for diagnosis in recombinant-antigen commercial kits. in this study, we developed a sequence analysis in order to predict diagnostic peptide epitopes, followed by their spot synthesis on functionalized cellulose paper (pepscan). this paper with synthetic peptides was tested against a sera pool of hepatitis a patients. two peptide sequences, that have shown an antigenic recogni ... | 2015 | 26321053 |
| molecular markers of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular cell damage in patients with chronic kidney disease. | in chronic kidney disease (ckd), progressive nephron loss causes glomerular sclerosis, as well as tubulointerstitial fibrosis and progressive tubular injury. in this study, we aimed to identify molecular changes that reflected the histopathological progression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular cell damage. a discovery set of renal biopsies were obtained from 48 patients with histopathologically confirmed ckd, and gene expression profiles were determined by microarray analysis. the ... | 2015 | 26317775 |
| discovery of a novel hepatovirus (phopivirus of seals) related to human hepatitis a virus. | describing the viral diversity of wildlife can provide interesting and useful insights into the natural history of established human pathogens. in this study, we describe a previously unknown picornavirus in harbor seals (tentatively named phopivirus) that is related to human hepatitis a virus (hav). we show that phopivirus shares several genetic and phenotypic characteristics with hav, including phylogenetic relatedness across the genome, a specific and seemingly quiescent tropism for hepatocyt ... | 2015 | 26307166 |
| investigation of hepatitis a outbreak in district of manjung, perak, malaysia, october 2012. | in september 2012, 10 cases suspected to be hepatitis a were notified to the manjung district health department. an investigation was conducted to identify the possible mode of transmission, source of the outbreak and to recommend prevention and control measures. | 2015 | 26306213 |
| human and animal enteric virus in groundwater from deep wells, and recreational and network water. | this study was designed to assess the presence of human adenovirus (hadv), rotavirus-a (rva), hepatitis a virus (hav), and porcine circovirus-2 (pcv2) in groundwater from deep wells, and recreational and network waters. the water samples were collected and concentrated and the virus genomes were assessed and quantified by quantitative pcr (qpcr). infectious hadv was evaluated in groundwater and network water samples by integrated cell culture using transcribed messenger rna (mrna) (icc-rt-qpcr). ... | 2015 | 26300358 |
| production of false-positive immunoglobulin m antibodies to hepatitis a virus in autoimmune events. | | 2016 | 26294798 |
| efficiency of hepatitis a virus removal in six sewage treatment plants from central tunisia. | the efficiency of six tunisian sewage treatment plants (stp) for the removal of hepatitis a virus (hav) from wastewater was analysed in order to evaluate the potential risk for human health linked to reuse or discharge of treated wastewater into the environment. the stp utilize different biological wastewater treatments including primary treatment, which involves the physical removal of organic and inorganic solids, and secondary treatment that involves different processes, such as activated slu ... | 2015 | 26286509 |
| hepatitis a virus antibodies in australian blood donors: implications for immunoglobulin sufficiency. | passive immunisation is an important means of preventing hepatitis a in the most vulnerable populations in the event they are exposed. trends in hepatitis a seroprevalence may impact on the production of effective immunoglobulin products for passive immunisation. | 2015 | 26271824 |
| importance of molecular typing in confirmation of the source of a national hepatitis a virus outbreak in norway and the detection of a related cluster in germany. | in march 2014, after an increase of notifications of domestically acquired hepatitis a virus infections, an outbreak investigation was launched in norway. sequenced-based typing results showed that these cases were associated with a strain that was identical to one causing an ongoing multinational outbreak in europe linked to frozen mixed berries. thirty-three confirmed cases with the outbreak strain were notified in norway from november 2013 to june 2014. epidemiological evidence and trace-back ... | 2015 | 26249822 |
| food-borne diseases associated with frozen berries consumption: a historical perspective, european union, 1983 to 2013. | epidemiological investigations of outbreaks of hepatitis a virus (hav) and norovirus (nov) infections in the european union/european economic area (eu/eea) in the last five years have highlighted frozen berries as a vehicle of infection. given the increasing berry consumption in the eu over the last decades, we undertook a review of the existing evidence to assess the potential scale of threat associated with this product. we searched the literature and four restricted-access online platforms fo ... | 2015 | 26227371 |
| large and prolonged food-borne multistate hepatitis a outbreak in europe associated with consumption of frozen berries, 2013 to 2014. | in may 2013, italy declared a national outbreak of hepatitis a, which also affected several foreign tourists who had recently visited the country. molecular investigations identified some cases as infected with an identical strain of hepatitis a virus subgenotype ia. after additional european union/european economic area (eu/eea) countries reported locally acquired and travel-related cases associated with the same outbreak, an international outbreak investigation team was convened, a european ou ... | 2015 | 26227370 |
| thermal inactivation of foodborne enteric viruses and their viral surrogates in foods. | foodborne viruses, in particular human norovirus and hepatitis a virus, are the most common causes of food-associated infections and foodborne illness outbreaks around the world. since it is currently not possible to cultivate human noroviruses and the wild-type strain of hepatitis a virus in vitro, the use of a variety of viral surrogates is essential to determine appropriate thermal processing conditions to reduce the risk associated with their contamination of food. therefore, the objectives ... | 2015 | 26219377 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a virus associated with a multi-national inner-city nursery in glasgow, scotland. | this report describes an outbreak of hepatitis a virus linked to a nursery which affected a total of 10 individuals. active case finding, using oral fluid testing, helped identify asymptomatic cases. nucleotide sequencing showed that all cases were caused by the same virus, which was most similar to hav strains circulating zimbabwe. interestingly, an asymptomatic child had recently returned from visiting family in that country. standard infection control procedures and vaccination of contacts su ... | 2015 | 26209369 |
| hepatitis a: epidemiology in resource-poor countries. | transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is primarily fecal-oral. symptomatic hepatitis, severe disease, and death are more likely to occur when infection occurs at an older age. improvements in socioeconomic and hygienic conditions have led to a change in its epidemiology worldwide. | 2015 | 26203853 |
| ultraviolet-c efficacy against a norovirus surrogate and hepatitis a virus on a stainless steel surface. | in this study, the effects of 10-300 mws/cm(2) of ultraviolet radiation (uv-c) at 260 nm were investigated for the inactivation of two foodborne viruses: murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1; a human norovirus [nov] surrogate) and hepatitis a virus (hav). we used an experimentally contaminated stainless steel surface, a common food-contact surface, to examine the effects of low doses of uv-c radiation on mnv-1 and hav titers. the modified gompertz equation was used to generate non-linear survival curves an ... | 2015 | 26184763 |
| thermal inactivation kinetics of hepatitis a virus in homogenized clam meat (mercenaria mercenaria). | epidemiological evidence suggests that hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most common pathogen transmitted by bivalve molluscs such as clams, cockles, mussels and oysters. this study aimed to generate thermal inactivation kinetics for hav as a first step to design adequate thermal processes to control clam-associated hav outbreaks. | 2015 | 26184406 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence in preschool children in assis brazil, acre, brazil, in 2003 and 2010. | the amazon region has the highest seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) in brazil. | 2016 | 26163116 |
| severe bilateral optic neuritis post hepatitis a virus (hav) and typhoid fever vaccination. | | 2015 | 26145200 |
| a single dose of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine promotes hav-specific memory cellular response similar to that induced by a natural infection. | based on current studies on the effects of single dose vaccines on antibody production, latin american countries have adopted a single dose vaccine program. however, no data are available on the activation of cellular response to a single dose of hepatitis a. our study investigated the functional reactivity of the memory cell phenotype after hepatitis a virus (hav) stimulation through administration of the first or second dose of hav vaccine and compared the response to that of a baseline group ... | 2015 | 26144899 |
| cross-sectional study of hepatitis a virus infection in the pantanal population before vaccine implementation in brazil: usage of non-invasive specimen collection. | population-based prevalence studies are essential tools for screening of hepatitis a and provide important data on susceptible groups. however, surveillance in isolated communities is difficult because of the limited access to these areas and the need for blood sample collection. this study aimed to determine the anti-hav prevalence using oral fluid samples to provide an alternative tool for epidemiological studies that might be useful for vaccination-related decisions. the study population was ... | 2015 | 26133128 |
| self-reported hepatitis a vaccination as a predictor of hepatitis a virus antibody protection in u.s. adults: national health and nutrition examination survey 2007-2012. | to estimate the predictive value of self-reported hepatitis a vaccine (hepa) receipt for the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibody (anti-hav) from either past infection or vaccination, as an indicator of hav protection. | 2015 | 26116252 |
| hepatitis a and e viruses in wastewaters, in river waters, and in bivalve molluscs in italy. | several studies have reported the detection of hepatitis a (hav) and e (hev) virus in sewage waters, indicating a possibility of contamination of aquatic environments. the objective of the present study was to assess the occurrence of hav and hev in different water environments, following the route of contamination from raw sewage through treated effluent to the surface waters receiving wastewater discharges . bivalve molluscan shellfish samples were also analyzed, as sentinel of marine pollutio ... | 2015 | 26115693 |
| incidence of human adenoviruses and hepatitis a virus in the final effluent of selected wastewater treatment plants in eastern cape province, south africa. | municipal effluent constitutes a large reservoir of human enteric viruses and bacteria. contemporary monitoring practices rely on indicator bacteria, and do not test for viruses. different viruses, including norwalk-like viruses, hepatitis a virus (hav), adenoviruses, and rotaviruses, are important agents of illnesses in humans. the burden of disease caused by adenoviruses manifests as pneumonia, bronchiolitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis, and tonsillitis, whereas hav infection can manifest as ... | 2015 | 26104284 |
| public health impact and cost-effectiveness of hepatitis a vaccination in the united states: a disease transmission dynamic modeling approach. | to assess the population-level impact and cost-effectiveness of hepatitis a vaccination programs in the united states. | 2015 | 26091589 |
| clinical factors and viral load influencing severity of acute hepatitis a. | clinical manifestations of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection vary from mild to fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) in adults. we investigated the relationship between laboratory findings, including viral load, and clinical outcomes in patients with acute hepatitis a (aha) and evaluated predictive factors for severe acute hepatitis (s-ah). | 2015 | 26090677 |
| seroprevalence and predictors of hepatitis a infection in nigerian children. | hepatitis a infection is prevalent in developing countries where sanitation is still a public health issue. in nigeria, there is no epidemiological data on children for this infection. a community based study was carried out to establish the seroprevalence and predictors of this infection in children. | 2015 | 26090068 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a in iranian adolescents: is it time to introduce a vaccine? | universal vaccination of children for hepatitis a virus (hav) has emerged as a cost-effective strategy to prevent this infection in regions with high incidence of symptomatic disease. age-specific seroprevalence surveys are practical and reliable methods to estimate the rate of susceptibility in populations, and to help the implementation of vaccination policies. we surveyed the age-specific hav seroprevalence in a nationally representative sample of iranian adolescent students aged 10-18 years. ... | 2016 | 26083105 |
| serological markers of autoimmunity in children with hepatitis a: relation to acute and fulminant presentation. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection tends to be a self-limiting disease without serious sequelae, but fulminant hepatitis, with a high mortality, develops in 0.1-0.2% of the cases. sometimes, hav infection precipitates autoimmune hepatitis (aih). we aimed to assess the frequency and clinical significance of serologic markers of autoimmunity during hepatitis a infection with an acute or fulminant presentation compared with those in aih. | 2015 | 26062080 |
| a retrospective pooled analysis assessing the effect of age on the immunogenicity of havrix™ in healthy adults. | over recent decades, the global incidence of hepatitis a virus infection has been reduced by improvements in sanitation infrastructure and through immunization programs. the immunogenicity and field efficacy of the inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (havrix™, gsk, belgium) has been demonstrated in clinical trials, population-impact studies as well as in several outbreak settings. however, immunological data in older populations are limited, with only few studies assessing the immune response of thi ... | 2015 | 26029816 |
| outbreak of hepatitis a in italy associated with frozen redcurrants imported from poland: a case study. | hepatitis a virus (hav) was detected in a batch of imported non-packaged frozen redcurrants purchased in a bari grocery. sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed the hav strain clustered tightly with the hav strain from the 2013 italian epidemic, providing additional evidence that frozen redcurrants were the main vehicle of the hav outbreak. | 2015 | 26001535 |
| using immunoglobulin y as an alternative antibody for the detection of hepatitis a virus in frozen liver sections. | an increasing amount of research has been conducted on immunoglobulin y (igy) because the use of igy offers several advantages with respect to diagnostic testing, including its easy accessibility, low cost and translatability to large-scale production, in addition to the fact that it can be ethically produced. in a previous work, immunoglobulin was produced and purified from egg yolks (igy) reactive to hepatitis a virus (hav) antigens. in the present work, this anti-hav-specific igy was used in ... | 2015 | 25993400 |
| impact of hepatitis a vaccination with a two-dose schedule in panama: results of epidemiological surveillance and time trend analysis. | in april 2007, panama introduced hepatitis a universal vaccination using a two-dose schedule (havrix(®)junior; gsk vaccines, belgium). we assessed the impact of this hepatitis a vaccine three years after it was recommended for universal mass vaccination in panama. | 2015 | 25981490 |
| comparison of immunogenicity between inactivated and live attenuated hepatitis a vaccines among young adults: a 3-year follow-up study. | a randomized clinical trial of hepatitis a vaccines (1 or 2 doses of inactivated vaccine [healive] or 1 dose of live attenuated vaccine [biovac]) was conducted among adults to evaluate seroprotection rates and geometric mean concentrations of antibody against hepatitis a virus for 36 months. high rates of seroprotection persisted for at least 36 months among adults who received 1 or 2 doses of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine but not among adults who received 1 dose of live attenuated hepatitis a ... | 2015 | 25969561 |
| epidemiological and genetic analysis of a 2014 outbreak of hepatitis a in japan. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is one of the most common causes of feces-transmitted acute hepatitis worldwide. in japan, most of hav infections have been sporadic cases and a relatively low number of cases (approximately 100-150) of acute hepatitis a were reported in 2012 and 2013. however, in 2014, 342 cases were reported as of week 22. in order to characterize the viral agents causing this outbreak, we collected stool or sera (and both for three case) from patients with hepatitis a from many regions ... | 2015 | 25957664 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus in seeded oyster digestive tissue by ricin a-linked magnetic separation combined with reverse transcription pcr. | outbreaks of hepatitis a virus (hav) infections are most frequently associated with the consumption of contaminated oysters. a rapid and selective concentration method is necessary for the recovery of hav from contaminated oysters prior to detection using pcr. in this study, ricin extracted from castor beans (ricinus communis) was tested as an alternative to antibody used in immunomagnetic separation while concentrating hav prior to its detection using reverse transcription pcr. initially, the e ... | 2015 | 25951406 |
| t-helper 17-related cytokines and ige antibodies during hepatitis a virus infection in children. | we determined the serum ige levels and t-helper (th)17-related cytokines during distinct hepatitis a virus (hav)-induced clinical courses in children. a significantly higher concentration of macrophage inflammatory protein 3α, interleukin (il)-17e and il-17f in hav-infected children with intermediate liver injury compared with those with minor liver damage was found. a reduction in the ige levels in those patients who showed the highest levels of il-17f in the group of intermediate liver injury ... | 2015 | 25946253 |
| [persistence of hepatitis a virus antibodies after primary immunization and response to revaccination in children and adolescents with perinatal hiv exposure]. | to assess possible factors associated with the loss of antibodies to hepatitis a 7 years after the primary immunization in children of hiv-infected mothers and the response to revaccination in patients seronegative for hepatitis a. | 2015 | 25918013 |
| epidemiological shift of hepatitis a in central adana, turkey. | the aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological shift that may have occurred in the last 11 years of hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence. | 2014 | 25910370 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus strains in a tertiary care health set up in north western india. | hepatitis a virus usually causes acute viral hepatitis (avh) in the paediatric age group with a recent shift in age distribution and disease manifestations like acute liver failure (alf). this has been attributed to mutations in 5'non-translated region (5'ntr) which affects the viral multiplication. the present study was aimed to carry out the molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis a virus strains circulating in north western india. | 2015 | 25900957 |
| migration pattern of hepatitis a virus genotype ia in north-central tunisia. | hepatitis a virus (hav) epidemiology in tunisia has changed from high to intermediate endemicity in the last decades. however, several outbreaks continue to occur. the last reported sequences from tunisian hav strains date back to 2006. in order to provide an updated overview of the strains currently circulating in tunisia, a large-scale molecular analysis of samples from hepatitis a cases was performed, the first in tunisia. | 2015 | 25886374 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection in northeast india. | the present study was undertaken to screen the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) in northeast india (nei) who are ethnically distinct, tribal dominated and of lower socio-economic status with almost no information available from nei on these aspects. briefly, 3 ml blood was collected from 324 random liver disease cases with jaundice, receiving care at central hospital, n.f. railway, guwahati, assam with informed consent. the patients detected with hav-igm positive status were inc ... | 2015 | 25881081 |
| genome analysis of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus from common kestrel (falco tinnunculus): the first non-enteroviral picornavirus with type-i-like ires. | although the number of identified avian-borne picornaviruses (family picornaviridae) is continuously increasing there remains several species-rich avian host groups, such as the order falconiformes (with 290 bird species) from which picornaviruses have not been identified. this study reports the first complete genome of a novel, highly divergent picornavirus, named as falcovirus a1 (kp230449), from the carnivorous bird, the common kestrel (falco tinnunculus, order falconiformes). falcovirus a1 h ... | 2015 | 25864424 |
| high prevalence of symptomatic hepatitis a infection in rural area of chaharmahal va bakhtiari province, iran. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most common cause of hepatitis during childhood and is an important public health problem. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate an outbreak of symptomatic viral hepatitis in children and in young adults in a rural area from chaharmahal va bakhtiari province, iran. | 2015 | 25859451 |
| mathematical model for viral depuration kinetics in shellfish: an useful tool to estimate the risk for the consumers. | enteric virus depuration from shellfish is a complex biological process that may be influenced by biological properties of the mollusc and/or virus species. on the basis of previous experimental data, a mathematical model was developed to characterize the kinetics of viral elimination during the depuration process. the experimental data consisted on twenty depuration trials, each with 60 kg of manila clams (venerupis philippinarum) and mediterranean mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) previously ... | 2015 | 25846934 |
| t-helper 17-related cytokines and ige antibodies during hepatitis a virus infection in children. | we determined the serum ige levels and t-helper (th)17-related cytokines during distinct hepatitis a virus (hav)-induced clinical courses in children. a significantly higher concentration of macrophage inflammatory protein 3α, interleukin (il)-17e and il-17f in hav-infected children with intermediate liver injury compared with those with minor liver damage was found. a reduction in the ige levels in those patients who showed the highest levels of il-17f in the group of intermediate liver injury ... | 2015 | 25830544 |
| consumers' perception and knowledge of food safety: results of questionnaires accessible on izsalimento website. | the present survey was undertaken to investigate consumers' knowledge of the main foodborne agents and dietary regimen during pregnancy. data were collected using monthly questionnaires available on izsalimento website between march 2013 and january 2014. hepatitis a virus questionnaire: 20 respondents (77%) recognized berries as foodstuff linked to the outbreak of hepatitis a. the majority correctly indicated as precautionary advice to boil berries before consumption. botulism questionnaire: 29 ... | 2015 | 27800380 |
| hepatitis a virus genotype distribution during a decade of universal vaccination of preadolescents. | a universal vaccination program among preadolescents was implemented in catalonia, spain, during the period of 1999-2013 and its effectiveness has been clearly demonstrated by an overall significant attack rate reduction. however, reductions were not constant over time, and increases were again observed in 2002-2009 due to the occurrence of huge outbreaks. in the following years, in the absence of large outbreaks, the attack rate decreased again to very low levels. however, an increase of sympto ... | 2015 | 25815599 |
| development of a practical method to detect noroviruses contamination in composite meals. | various methods to detect foodborne viruses including norovirus (nov) in contaminated food have been developed. however, a practical method suitable for routine examination that can be applied for the detection of novs in oily, fatty, or emulsive food has not been established. in this study, we developed a new extraction and concentration method for detecting novs in contaminated composite meals. we spiked nov-gi.4 or -gii.4 stool suspension into potato salad and stir-fried noodles. the food sam ... | 2015 | 25796206 |
| gallbladder hydrops due to viral hepatitis a infection: a case report. | acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is common in the developing countries among children, but hydrops of gallbladder due to hepatitis a infection is an uncommon presentation. | 2015 | 25789130 |
| letter to the editor in response to the editorial commentary by dr kenrad e. nelson entitled, "the changing epidemiology of hepatitis a virus infections in the united states". | | 2015 | 25784730 |
| determination of which virus to use as a process control when testing for the presence of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in food and water. | noroviruses (genogroup i (nov gi) and genogroup ii (nov gii)) and the hepatitis a virus (hav) are frequently involved in foodborne infections worldwide. they are mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route, direct person-to-person contact or consumption of contaminated water and foods. in food virology, detection methods are currently based on identifying viral genomes using real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-qpcr). one of the general requirements for detecting these viruses in food involve ... | 2015 | 25771512 |
| modeling the long-term persistence of hepatitis a antibody after a two-dose vaccination schedule in argentinean children. | long-term seroprotection data are essential for decision-making on the need and timing of vaccine boosters. based on data from longitudinal serological studies, modeling can provide estimates on long-term antibody persistence and inform such decision-making. | 2015 | 25764099 |
| hepatitis a virus in a medical setting in madagascar: a lesson for public health. | | 2015 | 25742156 |
| in memoriam: albert z. kapikian, md, 1930-2014. | | 2015 | 25737559 |
| [population study of seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus in the community of madrid, 2008-2009]. | seroprevalence surveys enable the level of endemicity of hepatitis a (hav) to be assessed. the aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence (sp) antibody against hav by age group, and compare it with those obtained in previous surveys. | 2016 | 25728853 |