| dengue virus type 4 phylogenetics in brazil 2011: looking beyond the veil. | dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are diseases affecting approximately 100 million people/year and are a major concern in developing countries. in the present study, the phylogenetic relationship of six strains of the first autochthonous cases of denv-4 infection occurred in sao paulo state, parana state and rio grande do sul state, brazil, 2011 were studied. nucleotide sequences of the envelope gene were determined and compared with sequences representative of the genotypes i, ii, iii a ... | 2011 | 22216365 |
| a deep insight into the sialotranscriptome of the gulf coast tick, amblyomma maculatum. | saliva of blood sucking arthropods contains compounds that antagonize their hosts' hemostasis, which include platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction and blood clotting; saliva of these organisms also has anti-inflammatory and immunomodullatory properties. perhaps because hosts mount an active immune response against these compounds, the diversity of these compounds is large even among related blood sucking species. because of these properties, saliva helps blood feeding as well as help the establ ... | 2011 | 22216098 |
| malaria parasite carbonic anhydrase: inhibition of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides and its therapeutic potential. | plasmodium falciparum (p. falciparum) is responsible for the majority of life-threatening cases of human malaria, causing 1.5-2.7 million annual deaths. the global emergence of drug-resistant malaria parasites necessitates identification and characterization of novel drug targets and their potential inhibitors. we identified the carbonic anhydrase (ca) genes in p. falciparum. the pfca gene encodes anα-carbonic anhydrase, a zn(2+)-metalloenzme, possessing catalytic properties distinct from that o ... | 2011 | 23569766 |
| epidemiological characteristics of the 2005 and 2007 dengue epidemics in singapore - similarities and distinctions. | we investigated the epidemiological features of the 2007 dengue outbreak to determine the factors that could have triggered it two years after the previous large outbreak in 2005. | 2011 | 23908885 |
| challenges and future perspective for dengue vector control in the western pacific region. | dengue remains a significant public health issue in the western pacific region. in the absence of a vaccine, vector control is the mainstay for dengue prevention and control. in this paper we describe vector surveillance and vector control in the western pacific countries and areas. vector surveillance and control strategies used by countries and areas of the western pacific region vary. vector control strategies include chemical, biological and environmental management that mainly target larval ... | 2011 | 23908883 |
| ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | to determine the ovicidal and repellent activities of methanol leaf extract of ervatamia coronaria (e. coronaria) and caesalpinia pulcherrima (c. pulcherrima) against culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus), aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) and anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi). | 2011 | 23569723 |
| isolation and characterization of a theta glutathione s-transferase gene from panax ginseng meyer. | plants have versatile detoxification systems to encounter the phytotoxicity of the wide range of natural and synthetic compounds present in the environment. glutathione s-transferase (gst) is an enzyme that detoxifies natural and exogenous toxic compounds by conjugation with glutathione (gsh). recently, several roles of gst giving stress tolerance in plants have demonstrated, but little is known about the role of ginseng gsts. therefore, this work aimed to provide further information on the gst ... | 2012 | 23717149 |
| isolation and efficacy of entomopathogenic fungus (metarhizium anisopliae) for the control of aedes albopictus skuse larvae: suspected dengue vector in pakistan. | to isolate the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae (m. anisopliae) in the local environment, and evaluate its efficacy against the suspected dengue vector aedes albopictus in pakistan. | 2012 | 23569917 |
| natural transovarial dengue virus infection rate in both sexes of dark and pale forms of aedes aegypti from an urban area of bangkok, thailand. | transovarial dengue virus infection status of two forms of adult aedes aegypti (dark or ae. aegypti type form and pale or form queenslandensis), reared from field-collected larval and pupal stages, was determined by one-step rt-pcr and dengue viral serotype by nested-pcr. natural transovarial transmission (tot) of dengue virus was detected in the two ae. aegypti forms, and in both adult males and females. male ae. aegypti had a higher rate of tot dengue virus infection than female. the overall m ... | 2012 | 23431820 |
| effects of ribavirin and hydroxyurea on oral infection of aedes aegypti (l.) with dengue virus. | this study was conducted to determine the inhibitory effects of ribavirin and hydroxyurea on dengue virus replication in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. female ae. aegypti mosquitoes were infected with dengue-2 virus and fed ribavirin at a dose of 0.3 mg/ml and/or hydroxyurea at a dose of 6 mg/ml via artificial membrane feeding technique. the virus in infected mosquitoes was isolated using c6/36 cell culture. peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) staining was used to detect dengue-infected c6/36 cells and t ... | 2012 | 23413698 |
| protein expression in the salivary glands of dengue-infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes and blood-feeding success. | mosquito salivary glands (sg) play an essential role in food digestion and pathogen transmission. the function of the salivary components during infection is poorly understood. in this study, female aedes aegypti mosquitoes were infected with dengue virus serotype 2 (denv-2) via an artificial membrane feeding apparatus. the mosquito sgs were examined for denv-2 infection for 14 days post-infection (dpi). the amount of dengue virus increased throughout the 14 dpi. three different meals were provi ... | 2012 | 23413697 |
| battling malaria iceberg incorporating strategic reforms in achieving millennium development goals & malaria elimination in india. | malaria control in india has occupied high priority in health sector consuming major resources of the central and state governments. several new initiatives were launched from time to time supported by foreign aids but malaria situation has remained static and worsened in years of good rainfall. at times malaria relented temporarily but returned with vengeance at the local, regional and national level, becoming more resilient by acquiring resistance in the vectors and the parasites. national dev ... | 2012 | 23391787 |
| chikungunya myeloradiculopathy: a rare complication. | chikungunya, an alpha virus belonging to the family of togaviridae is transmitted to humans by the bite of aedes aegypti mosquito and presents with fever, headache, rash, and severe arthralgia. chikungunya virus is not known to be neurotropic, but cases of meningoencephalitis have been reported during outbreaks. the clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging findings of a 56-year-old man who initially developed chikungunya fever with arthralagia and later on lead to chikungunya myeloradiculopathy, a ... | 2012 | 23326078 |
| feasibility of using 454 pyrosequencing for studying quasispecies of the whole dengue viral genome. | dengue is the world's most common mosquito-borne viral disease. poor proofreading by rna polymerase during its replication results in the accumulation of mutations in its genome. this leads to a diversity of genotypes in the viral population termed quasispecies. quasispecies play an important role in disease severity. the study of quasispecies in dengue has been hindered because of the requirement for large amounts of cloning and sequencing, which could be overcome by 454 pyrosequencing. in this ... | 2012 | 23281804 |
| the native wolbachia symbionts limit transmission of dengue virus in aedes albopictus. | the chikungunya (chik) outbreak that struck la reunion island in 2005 was preceded by few human cases of dengue (den), but which surprisingly did not lead to an epidemic as might have been expected in a non-immune population. both arboviral diseases are transmitted to humans by two main mosquito species, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. in the absence of the former, ae. albopictus was the only species responsible for viral transmission on la reunion island. this mosquito is naturally super-in ... | 2012 | 23301109 |
| detection of the wolbachia-encoded dna binding protein, hu beta, in mosquito gonads. | wolbachia are obligate intracellular bacteria that cause cytoplasmic incompatibility in mosquitoes. in an incompatible cross, eggs of uninfected females fail to hatch when fertilized by sperm from infected males. we used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry to identify wolbachia proteins in infected mosquito gonads. these included surface proteins with masses of 25 and 18 kda and the dna binding protein, hu beta. using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, w ... | 2012 | 23287400 |
| molecular detection of acinetobacter species in lice and keds of domestic animals in oromia regional state, ethiopia. | this study was conducted to determine the presence of acinetobacter and rickettsia species dna in lice and melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) of animals from oromia regional state in ethiopia. from september through november 2011, a total of 207 cattle, 85 sheep, 47 dogs and 16 cats were examined for ectoparasites. results of morphological identification revealed several species of ectoparasites: linognathus vituli (l. vituli), bovicola bovis (b. bovis) and solenopotes capillatus (s. capillatus) on c ... | 2012 | 23285015 |
| neuropeptidomics of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (wiedemann) and related diptera. | insect neuropeptides are the most diverse and important group of messenger molecules that regulate almost all physiological processes, including behavior. in this study, we performed a combination of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (maldi-tof) and electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight (esi-q-tof) mass spectrometry to analyze the peptidome of the brain and the neurohemal organs of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina and compared the data with those ... | 2012 | 23280433 |
| house-to-house human movement drives dengue virus transmission. | dengue is a mosquito-borne disease of growing global health importance. prevention efforts focus on mosquito control, with limited success. new insights into the spatiotemporal drivers of dengue dynamics are needed to design improved disease-prevention strategies. given the restricted range of movement of the primary mosquito vector, aedes aegypti, local human movements may be an important driver of dengue virus (denv) amplification and spread. using contact-site cluster investigations in a case ... | 2012 | 23277539 |
| inhibition of chikungunya virus replication by harringtonine, a novel antiviral that suppresses viral protein expression. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that has reemerged as a significant public health threat in the last decade. since the 2005-2006 chikungunya fever epidemic in the indian ocean island of la réunion, millions of people in more than 40 countries have been infected. despite this, there is currently no antiviral treatment for chikungunya infection. in this study, an immunofluorescence-based screening platform was developed to identify potential inhibitors of chikv infection. ... | 2012 | 23275491 |
| cruzipain promotes trypanosoma cruzi adhesion to rhodnius prolixus midgut. | trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of chagas' disease. cysteine peptidases are relevant to several aspects of the t. cruzi life cycle and are implicated in parasite-mammalian host relationships. however, little is known about the factors that contribute to the parasite-insect host interaction. | 2012 | 23272264 |
| visualizing non infectious and infectious anopheles gambiae blood feedings in naive and saliva-immunized mice. | anopheles gambiae is a major vector of malaria and lymphatic filariasis. the arthropod-host interactions occurring at the skin interface are complex and dynamic. we used a global approach to describe the interaction between the mosquito (infected or uninfected) and the skin of mammals during blood feeding. | 2012 | 23272060 |
| wolbachia from the planthopper laodelphax striatellus establishes a robust, persistent, streptomycin-resistant infection in clonal mosquito cells. | the obligate intracellular bacterium, wolbachia pipientis (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), distorts reproduction of its arthropod hosts to facilitate invasion of naïve populations. this property makes wolbachia an attractive "gene drive" agent with potential applications in the control of insect vector populations. genetic manipulation of wolbachia will require in vitro systems for its propagation, genetic modification, amplification, and introduction into target insects. here we show that wolb ... | 2012 | 23271364 |
| theoretical potential of passerine filariasis to enhance the enzootic transmission of west nile virus. | vertebrate reservoirs of arboviruses are often infected with microfilariae (mf). laboratory studies have shown that mf can enhance the infectivity of arboviruses to mosquitoes. soon after being ingested, mf penetrate the mosquito midgut. if the host blood also contains virus (i.e., vertebrate is dually infected), penetrating mf may introduce virus into the hemocoel. this can transform otherwise virus-incompetent mosquito species into virus-competent species and simultaneously accelerate viral de ... | 2012 | 23270173 |
| la crosse virus infection alters blood feeding behavior in aedes triseriatus and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | the effects of la crosse virus (lacv) infection on blood feeding behavior in aedes triseriatus (say) and aedes albopictus (skuse) were investigated in the laboratory by measuring the size of the bloodmeal imbibed and the extent of refeeding by virus-infected and uninfected mosquitoes. lacv-infected ae. triseriatus and ae. albopictus took significantly less blood compared with uninfected mosquitoes. twice as many virus-infected ae. triseriatus mosquitoes refed compared with uninfected individuals ... | 2012 | 23270172 |
| biological and phylogenetic characteristics of yellow fever virus lineages from west africa. | the yellow fever virus (yfv), the first proven human-pathogenic virus, although isolated in 1927, is still a major public health problem, especially in west africa where it causes outbreaks every year. nevertheless, little is known about its genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics, mainly due to a limited number of genomic sequences from wild virus isolates. in this study, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of 24 full-length genomes from yfv strains isolated between 1973 and 2005 in ... | 2012 | 23269797 |
| rna interference targets arbovirus replication in culicoides cells. | arboviruses are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by biting arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and midges. these viruses replicate in both arthropods and vertebrates and are thus exposed to different antiviral responses in these organisms. rna interference (rnai) is a sequence-specific rna degradation mechanism that has been shown to play a major role in the antiviral response against arboviruses in mosquitoes. culicoides midges are important vectors of arboviruses, known to transmit pat ... | 2012 | 23269795 |
| viruses acquired abroad: what does the primary care physician need to know? | viral infections are imported by travelers and immigrants from tropical or subtropical regions. the primary care physician should be able to include these diseases in the differential diagnosis of various clinical conditions. | 2012 | 23264811 |
| storm sewers as larval habitats for aedes aegypti and culex spp. in a neighborhood of merida, mexico. | we report the collection of aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, cx. interrogator, cx. thriambus, cx. coronator, and cx. salinarius larvae from storm sewers within an endemic area for dengue transmission in merida, mexico, during the rainy season of 2011. this is the first record of the dengue vector ae. aegypti breeding in storm sewers in the southeast of mexico. | 2012 | 23833907 |
| [susceptibility of natural populations of dengue vector to insecticides in colombia]. | physiological resistance of natural population of aedes aegypti to insecticides contribute to the decreased efficacy of chemical control as a main control strategy during dengue outbreaks. | 2012 | 23715182 |
| [twenty-year surveillance of insects relevant to public health during the construction of hydroelectric facilities in antioquia, colombia]. | entomological studies conducted in large hydroelectric infrastructure projects are a tool for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. these diseases emerge as a consequence of changes made to the terrain that often increase the natural and artificial mosquito larval habitats. many of these insects are of public health importance and population increases result in an increased risk of disease transmission. | 2012 | 23715181 |
| novel synthetic medea selfish genetic elements drive population replacement in drosophila; a theoretical exploration of medea-dependent population suppression. | insects act as vectors for diseases of plants, animals, and humans. replacement of wild insect populations with genetically modified individuals unable to transmit disease provides a potentially self-perpetuating method of disease prevention. population replacement requires a gene drive mechanism in order to spread linked genes mediating disease refractoriness through wild populations. we previously reported the creation of synthetic medea selfish genetic elements able to drive population replac ... | 2012 | 23654248 |
| [cloning and sequence analysis of cdna encoding aquaporin (aqp) gene from anopheles sinensis]. | to clone and analyze the full-length sequence of aquaporin gene of anopheles sinensis (asaqp), so as to provide an insight into its biology functions. | 2012 | 23593837 |
| pharmacological properties of datura stramonium l. as a potential medicinal tree: an overview. | india has a great wealth of various naturally occurring plant drugs which have great potential pharmacological activities. datura stramonium (d. stramonium) is one of the widely well known folklore medicinal herbs. the troublesome weed, d. stramonium is a plant with both poisonous and medicinal properties and has been proven to have great pharmacological potential with a great utility and usage in folklore medicine. d. stromonium has been scientifically proven to contain alkaloids, tannins, carb ... | 2012 | 23593583 |
| dengue related maculopathy and foveolitis. | a 24 year-old malay lady presented with high grade fever, myalgia, generalized rashes, severe headache and was positive for dengue serology test. her lowest platelet count was 45 × 10(9) cells/l. she complained of sudden onset of painlessness, profound loss of vision bilaterally 7 days after the onset of fever. on examination, her right eye best corrected vision was 6/30 and left eye was 6/120. her anterior segment examination was unremarkable. funduscopy revealed there were multiple retinal hae ... | 2012 | 23570008 |
| evaluation of aqueous and ethanol extract of bioactive medicinal plant, cassia didymobotrya (fresenius) irwin & barneby against immature stages of filarial vector, culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). | to evaluate aqueous and ethanol extract of cassia didymobotrya leaves against immature stages of culex quinquefasciatus. | 2012 | 23569999 |
| repellent properties of cardiospermum halicacabum linn. (family: sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. | to determine repellent activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform and methanol extract of cardiospermum halicacabum (c. halicacabum) against culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus), aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) and anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi). | 2012 | 23569979 |
| bioactivity of seagrass against the dengue fever mosquito aedes aegypti larvae. | to identify the larvicidal activity of the seagrass extracts. | 2012 | 23569973 |
| mosquito vector management with botanicals-the most effective weapons in controlling mosquito-borne diseases. | | 2012 | 23569926 |
| residual effects of tmof-bti formulations against 1(st) instar aedes aegypti linnaeus larvae outside laboratory. | to evaluate the effectiveness and residual effects of trypsin modulating oostatic factor-bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (tmof-bti) formulations against aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) (l.) larvae at ukm campus kuala lumpur. | 2012 | 23569922 |
| unusual developing sites of dengue vectors and potential epidemiological implications. | to identify the unusual breeding sites of two dengue vectors, i.e. aedes albopictus (ae. albopictus) and aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti). | 2012 | 23569903 |
| household survey of container-breeding mosquitoes and climatic factors influencing the prevalence of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in makkah city, saudi arabia. | to investigate the prevalence of container breeding mosquitoes with emphasis on the seasonality and larval habitats of aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) in makkah city, adjoining an environmental monitoring and dengue incidence. | 2012 | 23569860 |
| toxicity of a plant based mosquito repellent/killer. | the mission to make humans less attractive to mosquitoes has fuelled decades of scientific research on mosquito behaviour and control. the search for the perfect topical insect repellent/killer continues. this analysis was conducted to review and explore the scientific information on toxicity produced by the ingredients/contents of a herbal product. in this process of systemic review the following methodology was applied. by doing a medline search with key words of selected plants, plant based i ... | 2012 | 23554562 |
| identification of tropomyosin and its immunological properties from larvae of cattle tick, boophilus annulatus. | boophilus annulatus is an obligate blood feeder tick that can cause great losses in animals due to anemia and its ability to injure its host skin directly. the aim of this study was identification of cattle humoral immune response to some tick proteins during experimental infestation. | 2013 | 23914237 |
| rna-seq reveals early distinctions and late convergence of gene expression between diapause and quiescence in the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. | dormancy is a critical adaptation allowing insects to withstand harsh environmental conditions. the pre-programmed developmental arrest of diapause is a form of dormancy that is distinct from quiescence, in which development arrests in immediate response to hardship. much progress has been made in understanding the environmental and hormonal controls of diapause. however, studies identifying transcriptional changes unique to diapause, rather than quiescence, are lacking, making it difficult to d ... | 2013 | 23913949 |
| coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.). | | 2016 | 5026452 |
| fine structure of scolopidia in johnston's organ of female aedes aegypti compared with that of the male. | | 1988 | 1141704 |
| analysis of lipids by gas-liquid chromatography and complementary methods in four strains of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | fatty acid composition of total lipids, neutral lipids and phospholipids of strains of aedes aegypti were determined. the fatty acid composition of the strains differed quantitatively with regard to the relative percentage of commonly occurring fatty acids. gas-liquid chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters showed 18:1 (oleic or elaidic) to be the predominant fatty acid. the fatty acid was identified as oleic by argentation thin-layer chromatography. a modified colorimetric method was used to ... | 2013 | 4017543 |
| sclerotization of mosquito cuticle. | the mode of sclerotization of aedes aegypti pupal and adult cuticle was examined by employing biochemical and radioactive techniques. during larval-pupal metamorphosis, tyrosine is converted to tanning precursors and is incorporated into aryl-amino adducts and beta-crosslinks. the major hydrolysis product of beta-crosslinks in pupal cases is identified to be arterenone. examination of tanning modes in five different mosquito species shows that the ratio of quinone to beta-sclerotization not only ... | 2013 | 3817100 |
| susceptibility of larvae of culex fatigans (wiedmann), anopheles stephensi (liston) and aedes aegypti (linn.) to insecticides in pondicherry. | | 1999 | 94038 |
| rapid isolation of a neurohormone from mosquito heads by high-performance liquid chromatography. | methods were developed for the isolation of the egg development neurosecretory hormone, ednh, from heads of the mosquito aedes aegypti. this hormone stimulates ecdysone production by ovaries. methods used for the successful isolation of insulin-like peptides from vertebrate tissues were modified to develop a four-step procedure involving extraction in acidified ethanol, precipitation by neutralization, followed by sequential separation on size-exclusion, ion-exchange and reversed-phase high-perf ... | 1977 | 1880189 |
| [toxic effects of plant extracts on mosquito larvae]. | vegetable extracts prepared with 530 species belonging to 120 botanical families are biologically screened with fourth stage larvae of aedes aegypti. about twenty species are selected. eight species of convolvulaceae are specially toxic. | 2004 | 527161 |
| histopathology of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae parasitized by reesimermis nielseni (nematoda: mermithidae). | | 2016 | 4761359 |
| the integrated use of toxorhynchites amboinensis and ground-level ulv insecticide application to suppress aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | | 2010 | 2877093 |
| developmental effects of ionizing radiation in aedes aegypti. | | 2015 | 5080436 |
| application of environmental management principles in the program for eradication of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (linneus, 1762) in the republic of cuba, 1984. | | 2010 | 3768599 |
| [a histological study of pathological changes in aedes aegypti l. larvae experimentally infected with mosquito densonucleosis virus]. | | 2005 | 1214642 |
| [action of insect development inhibitors on aedes aegypti l. mosquitoes and on rhodnius prolixus stal. but. ii. the juvenile activity of metoprene and structurally close compounds]. | | 1979 | 353473 |
| topical mosquito repellents xi: carbamates derived from n,n'-disubstituted diamines. | carbamates derived from various n,n'-disubstituted diamines were synthesized and evaluated as repellents for aedes aegypti mosquitoes with an in vitro blood-feeding test system. several compounds were more effective than diethyltoluamide. | 2000 | 34026 |
| chemosterilant (apholate)-induced ultrastructural changes during oogenesis in aedes aegypti. | the effect of chemosterilant, apholate, on-oogenesis has been studied in aedes aegypti. treatment of larvae to 20 ppm of the chemical induced ultrastural changes in the presumptive and primary follicles of the adult ovary. these changes comprised condensation of chromatin, disruption of nuclear envelope and extensive degeneration as evidenced by numerous myelin figures and residual bodies. in some primary follicles, where cellular degeneration was restricted to epithelial cells, no arrest in dev ... | 2002 | 126140 |
| comparison of phospholipid composition of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus cells obtained from logarithmic and stationary phases of growth. | aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus cells were grown in tissue culture and harvested at logarithmic and stationary phases of development. the phospholipids were extracted, separated into lipid classes, and fatty acid composition of each fraction determined. the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction was the major lipid (42-54%). with aging, the a. aegypti cells showed an increase in polyenes in the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions and in monoenes and polyenes in the phosphati ... | 2005 | 1196018 |
| the effects of allatectomy and juvenile hormone replacement on the development of host-seeking behaviour and lactic acid receptor sensitivity in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | host-seeking behaviour in newly emerged aedes aegypti (l.) females is not expressed immediately after adult eclosion but develops gradually over a period of approximately 3-4 days. this development is accompanied by an apparent maturation of the antennal chemosensory afferent neurons involved in the detection of the airborne host attractant lactic acid. since these events coincide in time with juvenile hormone-dependent previtellogenic ovarian growth and since the expression of other reproductio ... | 2008 | 2519647 |
| polycyclic aromatic compounds as phototoxic mosquito larvicides. | the phototoxicity of 2-acetylnaphthalene, 1-acetylnaphthalene, 1-naphthalenecarboxaldehyde, 9-xanthenone, 9-thioxanthenone, 9-methylanthracene, anthracene, alpha-terthienyl, pyrene and fluoranthene was tested with larvae of aedes aegypti, ae. taeniorhynchus and culex quinquefasciatus. the larvae were exposed to the chemicals in the presence of sunlight for intervals from 1 to 6 hr and the corresponding lc50 values calculated. the lc50 values determined when the 6-hr exposure was followed by 18 h ... | 2009 | 2904948 |
| improved development of brugia microfilariae following cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen using a technique suitable for field conditions. | a technique for improved cryopreservation at -196 degrees c of brugia spp. microfilariae has been developed by modifications of a procedure previously used with onchocerca spp. a double incubation in ethanediol (ed) solutions, firstly at 37 degrees c in 10% (v/v) ed for 15 min and secondly at 0 degrees c in 40% (v/v) ed for 45 sec followed by plunging into liquid nitrogen, resulted in over 90% of the microfilariae of b. malayi exhibiting normal motility. when used with b. pahangi microfilariae, ... | 2013 | 3726977 |
| [effects of 2 antimetabolites on the development of aedes aegypti larvae]. | | 2015 | 4662010 |
| [effect of temperature on the infectivity of the iridovirus and densonucleosis virus of blood-sucking mosquitoes]. | mosquito densonucleosis virus and iridovirus were used to study the influence of temperature on their infectivity. biological assays of mosquito densonucleosis virus were carried out in larvae of i-ii instar of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, those of mosquito iridovirus in larvae of galleria mellonella. the rate of inactivation was found to be directly dependent on the dose of the heat treatment. treatment at 60 degrees c led to complete loss of iridovirus infectivity; the virus activity declined con ... | 2010 | 2905849 |
| proteinases of female aedes aegypti (l.). preliminary note. | | 1998 | 28658 |
| temperature-dependent development and survival rates of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | development, growth, and survival of culex quinquefasciatus say and aedes aegypti (l.) were determined at six constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 27, 30, 34 degrees c). the sharpe & demichele four-parameter model with high-temperature inhibition described the temperature-dependent median developmental rates of both mosquito species. in both species, body size generally decreased as temperature increased. head capsule widths in all instars in both species were significantly greater at 15 than at 3 ... | 2007 | 2231624 |
| phosphoglucomutase gene in aedes aegypti: a fourth allele and preliminary linkage data. | | 2014 | 4557515 |
| frequency of blood feeding in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | | 2016 | 4937213 |
| adult longevity of certain mosquito species after larval and pupal exposure to sublethal concentration of an insect growth regulator, hexaflumuron. | longevity of the adults of three vector species, culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and aedes aegypti was drastically reduced when they were exposed at larval and pupal stages to sublethal concentrations of an insect growth regulator hexaflumuron. when the three species were exposed to 0.05 mg/l at the pupal stage, males and females of cx. quinquefasciatus suffered a more shortened life span than other species. among the females whose feeding activity was adversely affected by igr trea ... | 2006 | 1523463 |
| magnetic resonance studies of eukaryotic cells. iii. spin labeled fatty acids in the plasma membrane. | xc sarcoma, vero and aedes aegypti plasma membranes have been studied in viable cells and in purified membrane of xc sarcoma cells by the spin label method. the temperature dependence of the order parameter of fatty acid spin labels is found to be linear in all three cells and membrane and shows no evidence of a lipid phase transition. the order parameter of the fatty acid labels substituted at the 5-position is shown to increase as a function of the cholesterol: phospholipid molar ratio in cell ... | 1992 | 206284 |
| esterase polymorphism in aedes aegypti: the genetics and k m values of electrophoretically heterogeneous forms. | | 2016 | 5038250 |
| non-specific esterases in several organs of aedes aegypti (l.) during female adult life. | | 2015 | 4709581 |
| annotation of protein domains reveals remarkable conservation in the functional make up of proteomes across superkingdoms. | the functional repertoire of a cell is largely embodied in its proteome, the collection of proteins encoded in the genome of an organism. the molecular functions of proteins are the direct consequence of their structure and structure can be inferred from sequence using hidden markov models of structural recognition. here we analyze the functional annotation of protein domain structures in almost a thousand sequenced genomes, exploring the functional and structural diversity of proteomes. we find ... | 2011 | 24710297 |
| molecular cloning, expression and biochemical characterisation of a cold-adapted novel recombinant chitinase from glaciozyma antarctica pi12. | cold-adapted enzymes are proteins produced by psychrophilic organisms that display a high catalytic efficiency at extremely low temperatures. chitin consists of the insoluble homopolysaccharide β-(1, 4)-linked n-acetylglucosamine, which is the second most abundant biopolymer found in nature. chitinases (ec 3.2.1.14) play an important role in chitin recycling in nature. biodegradation of chitin by the action of cold-adapted chitinases offers significant advantages in industrial applications such ... | 2011 | 22050784 |
| new superfamilies of eukaryotic dna transposons and their internal divisions. | despite their enormous diversity and abundance, all currently known eukaryotic dna transposons belong to only 15 superfamilies. here, we report two new superfamilies of dna transposons, named sola and zator. sola transposons encode ddd-transposases (transposase, tpase) and are flanked by 4-bp target site duplications (tsd). elements from the sola superfamily are distributed in a variety of species including bacteria, protists, plants, and metazoans. they can be divided into three distinct groups ... | 2009 | 19174482 |
| prolyl oligopeptidase from the blood fluke schistosoma mansoni: from functional analysis to anti-schistosomal inhibitors. | blood flukes of the genus schistosoma cause schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease that infects over 240 million people worldwide, and for which there is a need to identify new targets for chemotherapeutic interventions. our research is focused on schistosoma mansoni prolyl oligopeptidase (smpop) from the serine peptidase family s9, which has not been investigated in detail in trematodes. | 2015 | 26039195 |
| novel transglutaminase-like peptidase and c2 domains elucidate the structure, biogenesis and evolution of the ciliary compartment. | in addition to their role in motility, eukaryotic cilia serve as a distinct compartment for signal transduction and regulatory sequestration of biomolecules. recent genetic and biochemical studies have revealed an extraordinary diversity of protein complexes involved in the biogenesis of cilia during each cell cycle. mutations in components of these complexes are at the heart of human ciliopathies such as nephronophthisis (nphp), meckel-gruber syndrome (mks), bardet-biedl syndrome (bbs) and joub ... | 2012 | 22983010 |
| abstracts of the fourth international symposium on molecular insect science. may 28-june 2, 2002. tucson, arizona, usa. | | 2002 | 15455051 |
| beyond the fire-hazard mentality of medicine: the ecology of infectious diseases. | | 2003 | 14624236 |
| seasonal population dynamics and behaviour of insects in models of vector-borne pathogens. | | 2004 | 20041037 |
| insight into a conserved lifestyle: protein-carbohydrate adhesion strategies of vector-borne pathogens. | | 2005 | 16299269 |
| an insight into the sialome of the blood-sucking bug triatoma infestans, a vector of chagas' disease. | triatoma infestans is a hemiptera, vector of chagas' disease that feeds exclusively on vertebrate blood in all life stages. hematophagous insects' salivary glands (sg) produce potent pharmacological compounds that counteract host hemostasis, including anticlotting, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory molecules. to obtain a further insight into the salivary biochemical and pharmacological complexity of this insect, a cdna library from its sg was randomly sequenced. also, salivary proteins were submitt ... | 2007 | 18207082 |
| surveillance of arthropod vector-borne infectious diseases using remote sensing techniques: a review. | epidemiologists are adopting new remote sensing techniques to study a variety of vector-borne diseases. associations between satellite-derived environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, and land cover type and vector density are used to identify and characterize vector habitats. the convergence of factors such as the availability of multi-temporal satellite data and georeferenced epidemiological data, collaboration between remote sensing scientists and biologists, and the availabilit ... | 2007 | 17967056 |
| genetic variation in multilocus microsatellite genotypes in two species of woodrats (neotoma macrotis and n. fuscipes) from california. | five microsatellite loci were used to develop multilocus genotypes for neotoma macrotis (n = 128) and n. fuscipes (n = 29). several statistical analyses were used to estimate genetic structure, levels of genetic variability, and degree of relatedness within groups of these 2 species. samples of n. macrotis represented 2 groups and 4 population clusters throughout southern california. samples of n. fuscipes represented 2 regions in northern and southern california. genetic structure was detected ... | 2007 | 19920871 |
| the role of saliva in tick feeding. | when attempting to feed on their hosts, ticks face the problem of host hemostasis (the vertebrate mechanisms that prevent blood loss), inflammation (that can produce itching or pain and thus initiate defensive behavior on their hosts) and adaptive immunity (by way of both cellular and humoral responses). against these barriers, ticks evolved a complex and sophisticated pharmacological armamentarium, consisting of bioactive lipids and proteins, to assist blood feeding. recent progress in transcri ... | 2009 | 19273185 |
| subversion of complement by hematophagous parasites. | the complement system is a crucial part of innate and adaptive immunity which exerts a significant evolutionary pressure on pathogens. it has selected for those pathogens, mainly microorganisms but also parasites, that have evolved countermeasures. the characterization of how pathogens evade complement attack is a rapidly developing field of current research. in recent years, multiple complement evasion strategies have been characterized. in this review, we focus on complement escape mechanisms ... | 2009 | 18762211 |
| meeting the challenges of on-host and off-host water balance in blood-feeding arthropods. | in this review, we describe water balance requirements of blood-feeding arthropods, particularly contrasting dehydration tolerance during the unfed, off-host state and the challenges of excess water that accompany receipt of the bloodmeal. most basic water balance characteristics during the off-host stage are applicable to other terrestrial arthropods, as well. a well-coordinated suite of responses enable arthropods to conserve water resources, enhance their desiccation tolerance, and increase t ... | 2010 | 20206630 |
| implication of haematophagous arthropod salivary proteins in host-vector interactions. | the saliva of haematophagous arthropods contains an array of anti-haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules that contribute to the success of the blood meal. the saliva of haematophagous arthropods is also involved in the transmission and the establishment of pathogens in the host and in allergic responses. this survey provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological activity and immunogenic properties of the main salivary proteins characterised in various haematophag ... | 2011 | 21951834 |
| dengue and soluble mediators of the innate immune system. | huge emphasis has been placed on the role of the adaptive immune system in dengue pathogenesis. yet there is increasing evidence for the importance of the innate immune system in regulating dengue infection and possibly influencing the disease. this review focuses on the interplay between the innate immune system and dengue and highlights the role of soluble immunological mediators. type i and type ii interferons of the innate immune system demonstrate non-overlapping roles in dengue infection. ... | 2011 | 22500137 |
| infectious diseases and the liver. | the liver plays an important role in host defense against invasive microorganisms. the effect of microbial pathogens on the liver can vary greatly, presenting with a wide variety of manifestations from asymptomatic increases in aminotransaminases, acute liver failure, hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis. in evaluating the liver manifestations of a potential infectious pathogen, diagnosis of some of the less common infectious pathogens is dependent on a high level of suspicion and recognition of some ... | 2011 | 21111996 |
| drivers, dynamics, and control of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases. | emerging vector-borne diseases are an important issue in global health. many vector-borne pathogens have appeared in new regions in the past two decades, while many endemic diseases have increased in incidence. although introductions and emergence of endemic pathogens are often considered to be distinct processes, many endemic pathogens are actually spreading at a local scale coincident with habitat change. we draw attention to key differences between dynamics and disease burden that result from ... | 2012 | 23200503 |
| rnai in arthropods: insight into the machinery and applications for understanding the pathogen-vector interface. | the availability of genome sequencing data in combination with knowledge of expressed genes via transcriptome and proteome data has greatly advanced our understanding of arthropod vectors of disease. not only have we gained insight into vector biology, but also into their respective vector-pathogen interactions. by combining the strengths of postgenomic databases and reverse genetic approaches such as rnai, the numbers of available drug and vaccine targets, as well as number of transgenes for su ... | 2012 | 24705082 |
| west nile virus: biology, transmission, and human infection. | west nile virus was introduced into the western hemisphere during the late summer of 1999 and has been causing significant and sometimes severe human diseases since that time. this article briefly touches upon the biology of the virus and provides a comprehensive review regarding recent discoveries about virus transmission, virus acquisition, and human infection and disease. | 2012 | 23034323 |
| ixodes scapularis jak-stat pathway regulates tick antimicrobial peptides, thereby controlling the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. | ixodes scapularis transmits the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, among other pathogens. the mechanisms used by the tick to control anaplasma phagocytophilum are not known. we demonstrate that the i. scapularis janus kinase (jak)-signaling transducer activator of transcription (stat) pathway plays a critical role in a. phagocytophilum infection of ticks. the a. phagocytophilum burden increases in salivary glands and hemolymph when the jak-stat pathway is suppressed by rna interference. t ... | 2012 | 22859824 |
| natural product studies of u.s. endangered plants: volatile components of lindera melissifolia (lauraceae) repel mosquitoes and ticks. | the number of endangered plant species in the u.s. is significant, yet studies aimed towards utilizing these plants are limited. ticks and mosquitoes are vectors of significant pathogenic diseases of humans. repellents are critical means of personal protection against biting arthropods and disease transmission. the essential oil and solvent extracts from lindera melissifolia (walt.) blume (lauraceae) (pondberry) drupes were gathered and analyzed by gc and gc-ms. the essential oil obtained from t ... | 2012 | 22704653 |
| heparan sulphate, its derivatives and analogues share structural characteristics that can be exploited, particularly in inhibiting microbial attachment. | heparan sulphate (hs) and the related polysaccharide, heparin, exhibit conformational and charge arrangement properties, which provide a degree of redundancy allowing several seemingly distinct sequences to exhibit the same activity. this can also be mimicked by other sulphated polysaccharides, both in overall effect and in the details of interactions and structural consequences of interactions with proteins. together, these provide a source of active compounds suitable for further development a ... | 2012 | 22473323 |
| mayaro virus infection in traveler returning from amazon basin, northern peru. | | 2012 | 22469145 |
| macroevolutionary immunology: a role for immunity in the diversification of animal life. | an emerging picture of the nature of immune systems across animal phyla reveals both conservatism of some features and the appearance among and within phyla of novel, lineage-specific defense solutions. the latter collectively represent a major and underappreciated form of animal diversity. factors influencing this macroevolutionary (above the species level) pattern of novelty are considered and include adoption of different life styles, life histories, and body plans; a general advantage of bei ... | 2012 | 22566909 |