| improvement of efficient in vitro regeneration potential of mature callus induced from malaysian upland rice seed (oryza sativa cv. panderas). | a new and rapid protocol for optimum callus production and complete plant regeneration has been assessed in malaysian upland rice (oryza sativa) cv. panderas. the effect of plant growth regulator (pgr) on the regeneration frequency of malaysian upland rice (cv. panderas) was investigated. mature seeds were used as a starting material for callus induction experiment using various concentrations of 2,4-d and naa. optimal callus induction frequency at 90% was obtained on ms media containing 2,4-d ( ... | 2016 | 26858569 |
| comparative analysis of gene expression in response to cold stress in diverse rice genotypes. | cold stress is a major factor affecting rice (oryza sativa) growth and productivity, limiting its distribution worldwide. rice production is affected primarily due to its vulnerability to cold stress at seedling stage, as well as reproductive stage leading to spikelet sterility. we report here the analysis of 21 diverse rice genotypes from the usda mini-core collection for cold tolerance and categorized their tolerance levels on the basis of reduction in growth measured by root and shoot length. ... | 2016 | 26855133 |
| a co-opted hormonal cascade activates dormant adventitious root primordia upon flooding in solanum dulcamara. | soil flooding is a common stress factor affecting plants. to sustain root function in the hypoxic environment, flooding-tolerant plants may form new, aerenchymatous adventitious roots (ars), originating from preformed, dormant primordia on the stem. we investigated the signaling pathway behind ar primordium reactivation in the dicot species solanum dulcamara transcriptome analysis indicated that flooding imposes a state of quiescence on the stem tissue, while increasing cellular activity in the ... | 2016 | 26850278 |
| mitochondrial orf79 levels determine pollen abortion in cytoplasmic male sterile rice. | cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is an important agricultural trait characterized by lack of functional pollen, and caused by ectopic and defective mitochondrial gene expression. the pollen function in cms plants is restored by the presence of nuclear-encoded restorer of fertility (rf) genes. previously, we cloned rf2, which restores the fertility of lead rice (ld)-type cms rice. however, neither the function of rf2 nor the identity of the mitochondrial gene causing cms has been determined in ld ... | 2016 | 26850149 |
| dissipation and effects of tricyclazole on soil microbial communities and rice growth as affected by amendment with alperujo compost. | the presence of pesticides in surface and groundwater has grown considerably in the last decades as a consequence of the intensive farming activity. several studies have shown the benefits of using organic amendments to prevent losses of pesticides from runoff or leaching. a particular soil from the guadalquivir valley was placed in open air ponds and amended at 1 or 2% (w/w) with alperujo compost (ac), a byproduct from the olive oil industry. tricyclazole dissipation, rice growth and microbial ... | 2016 | 26849328 |
| evolution of vrn2/ghd7-like genes in vernalization-mediated repression of grass flowering. | flowering of many plant species is coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. vernalization provides competence to flower after prolonged cold exposure, and a vernalization requirement prevents flowering from occurring prior to winter. in winter wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), three genes vrn1, vrn2, and ft form a regulatory loop that regulates the initiation of flowering. prior to cold exposure, vrn2 represses ft. during cold, vrn1 ... | 2016 | 26848096 |
| fine mapping identifies a new qtl for brown rice rate in rice (oryza sativa l.). | high yield and quality determine the commercial potential of rice variety. brown rice rate (brr) is a key factor ensuring grain yield and quality in rice. so far, there were few reports about the genes that directly controlled the brr in rice. therefore, dissecting the genetic mechanism of the brr genes can facilitate improving effective rice supply or edible grain yield. | 2016 | 26847792 |
| estimation of arsenic in agricultural soils using hyperspectral vegetation indices of rice. | this study systematically analyzed the performance of multivariate hyperspectral vegetation indices of rice (oryza sativa l.) in estimating the arsenic content in agricultural soils. field canopy reflectance spectra was obtained in the jointing-booting growth stage of rice. newly developed and published multivariate vegetation indices were initially calculated to estimate soil arsenic content. the well-performing vegetation indices were then selected using successive projections algorithm (spa), ... | 2016 | 26844405 |
| gips: a software guide to sequencing-based direct gene cloning in forward genetics studies. | the gene identification via phenotype sequencing (gips) software considers a range of experimental and analysis choices in sequencing-based forward genetics studies within an integrated probabilistic framework, which enables direct gene cloning from the sequencing of several unrelated mutants of the same phenotype without the need to create segregation populations. gips estimates four measurements to help optimize an analysis procedure as follows: (1) the chance of reporting the true phenotype-a ... | 2016 | 26842621 |
| genome-wide association and high-resolution phenotyping link oryza sativa panicle traits to numerous trait-specific qtl clusters. | rice panicle architecture is a key target of selection when breeding for yield and grain quality. however, panicle phenotypes are difficult to measure and susceptible to confounding during genetic mapping due to correlation with flowering and subpopulation structure. here we quantify 49 panicle phenotypes in 242 tropical rice accessions with the imaging platform panorama. using flowering as a covariate, we conduct a genome-wide association study (gwas), detect numerous subpopulation-specific ass ... | 2016 | 26841834 |
| white panicle1, a val-trna synthetase regulating chloroplast ribosome biogenesis in rice, is essential for early chloroplast development. | chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own genomes and transcriptional and translational systems. establishing these genetic systems is essential for plant growth and development. here we characterized a mutant form of a val-trna synthetase (osvalrs2) from oryza sativa that is targeted to both chloroplasts and mitochondria. a single base change in osvalrs2 caused virescent to albino phenotypes in seedlings and white panicles at heading. we therefore named this mutant white panicle 1 (wp1). ... | 2016 | 26839129 |
| a comprehensive catalog of the lysine-acetylation targets in rice (oryza sativa) based on proteomic analyses. | lysine acetylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification that plays an important role in the gene transcription regulation. here, we report high quality proteome-scale data for lysine-acetylation (kac) sites and kac proteins in rice (oryza sativa). a total of 1337 kac sites in 716 kac proteins with diverse biological functions and subcellular localizations were identified in rice seedlings. about 42% of the sites were predicted to be localized in the chloroplast. seven puta ... | 2016 | 26836501 |
| heme oxygenase-1 delays gibberellin-induced programmed cell death of rice aleurone layers subjected to drought stress by interacting with nitric oxide. | cereal aleurone layers undergo a gibberellin (ga)-regulated process of programmed cell death (pcd) following germination. heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) is known as a rate-liming enzyme in the degradation of heme to biliverdin ixα, carbon monoxide (co), and free iron ions (fe(2+)). it is a critical component in plant development and adaptation to environment stresses. our previous studies confirmed that ho-1 inducer hematin (ht) promotes the germination of rice seeds in drought (20% polyethylene glycol ... | 2015 | 26834769 |
| somaclonal variation does not preclude the use of rice transformants for genetic screening. | rice (oryza sativa) is one of the world's most important crops. rice researchers make extensive use of insertional mutants for the study of gene function. approximately half a million flanking sequence tags from rice insertional mutant libraries are publicly available. however, the relationship between genotype and phenotype is very weak. transgenic plant assays have been used frequently for complementation, overexpression or antisense analysis, but sequence changes caused by callus growth, agro ... | 2016 | 26833589 |
| a physiological role of cyclic electron transport around photosystem i in sustaining photosynthesis under fluctuating light in rice. | plants experience a highly variable light environment over the course of the day. to reveal the molecular mechanisms of their photosynthetic response to fluctuating light, we examined the role of two cyclic electron flows around photosystem i (cef-psi)--one depending on proton gradient regulation 5 (pgr5) and one on nadh dehydrogenase-like complex (ndh)--in photosynthetic regulation under fluctuating light in rice (oryza sativa l.). the impairment of pgr5-dependent cef-psi suppressed the photosy ... | 2016 | 26832990 |
| characterization of ire1 ribonuclease-mediated mrna decay in plants using transient expression analyses in rice protoplasts. | in some eukaryotes, endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress induces regulated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (ire1)-dependent decay (ridd) of mrnas. recently, the expression levels of the mrnas encoding some secretory proteins were reported to be downregulated by ridd in the vegetative tissues of plants. however, the characteristics of plant ridd have been insufficiently investigated due to difficulty of in planta analyses. here, the ridd susceptibilities of various mrnas that are difficult to analyze in ... | 2016 | 26831622 |
| topological characteristics of target genes regulated by abiotic-stress-responsible mirnas in a rice interactome network. | a great number of micrornas (mirnas) have been identified in responding and acting in gene regulatory networks associated with plant tolerance to abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, and high temperature. the topological exploration of target genes regulated by abiotic-stress-responsible mirnas (asrmirs) in a network facilitates to discover the molecular basis of plant abiotic stress response. this study was based on the staple food rice (oryza sativa) in which asrmirs were manu ... | 2016 | 26830287 |
| light-mediated modulation of helix angle and rate of seminal root tip movement determines root morphology of young rice seedlings. | seminal root growth is one of the factors to determine rice seedling establishment. our previous reports showed light can induce z-type wavy root and coiling root morphology in several rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties, and the regulated z-type and unregulated coil seminal roots were resulted by different circumnutational trajectories. moreover, the light-induced seminal root waving was conducted by an no-dependent signaling pathway. in order to further reveal the difference of root tip movement ... | 2016 | 26829414 |
| loose plant architecture1 (lpa1) determines lamina joint bending by suppressing auxin signalling that interacts with c-22-hydroxylated and 6-deoxo brassinosteroids in rice. | lamina inclination is a key agronomical character that determines plant architecture and is sensitive to auxin and brassinosteroids (brs). loose plant architecture1 (lpa1) in rice (oryza sativa) and its arabidopsis homologues (sgr5/atidd15) have been reported to control plant architecture and auxin homeostasis. this study explores the role of lpa1 in determining lamina inclination in rice. lpa1 acts as a positive regulator to suppress lamina bending. genetic and biochemical data indicate that lp ... | 2016 | 26826218 |
| agronomic nitrogen-use efficiency of rice can be increased by driving osnrt2.1 expression with the osnar2.1 promoter. | the importance of the nitrate (no3-) transporter for yield and nitrogen-use efficiency (nue) in rice was previously demonstrated using map-based cloning. in this study, we enhanced the expression of the osnrt2.1 gene, which encodes a high-affinity no3- transporter, using a ubiquitin (ubi) promoter and the no3--inducible promoter of the osnar2.1 gene to drive osnrt2.1 expression in transgenic rice plants. transgenic lines expressing pubi:osnrt2.1 or posnar2.1:osnrt2.1 constructs exhibited the inc ... | 2016 | 26826052 |
| an improved microtiter plate assay to monitor the oxidative burst in monocot and dicot plant cell suspension cultures. | a screening method for elicitor and priming agents does not only allow detecting new bioactive substances, it can also be used to understand structure-function relationships of known agents by testing different derivatives of them. this can not only provide new lead compounds for the development of novel, more environment-benign, bio-based agro-chemicals, it may eventually also lead to a better understanding of defense mechanisms in plants. reactive oxygen species (ros) are sensitive indicators ... | 2016 | 26819624 |
| combined effects of simulated acid rain and lanthanum chloride on chloroplast structure and functional elements in rice. | acid rain and rare earth element (ree) pollution exist simultaneously in many agricultural regions. however, how ree pollution and acid rain affect plant growth in combination remains largely unknown. in this study, the combined effects of simulated acid rain and lanthanum chloride (lacl3) on chloroplast morphology, chloroplast ultrastructure, functional element contents, chlorophyll content, and the net photosynthetic rate (p n) in rice (oryza sativa) were investigated by simulating acid rain a ... | 2016 | 26815371 |
| combined chlorophyll fluorescence and transcriptomic analysis identifies the p3/p4 transition as a key stage in rice leaf photosynthetic development. | leaves are derived from heterotrophic meristem tissue that, at some point, must make the transition to autotrophy via the initiation of photosynthesis. however, the timing and spatial coordination of the molecular and cellular processes underpinning this switch are poorly characterized. here, we report on the identification of a specific stage in rice (oryza sativa) leaf development (p3/p4 transition) when photosynthetic competence is first established. using a combined physiological and molecul ... | 2016 | 26813793 |
| retraction: "screening of candidate genes and fine mapping of drought tolerance quantitative trait loci on chromosome 4 in rice (oryza sativa l.) under drought stress" by nie, y. y., l. zhang, y. h. wu, h. j. liu, w. w. mao, j. du, et al. | the above article, published online on 15 october 2015 in wiley online library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.1786/abstract), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal editor in chief, allen moore, and john wiley & sons ltd. the authors have requested the retraction of their paper because they mistakenly analyzed the wrong backcross lines. this mistake was only recently discovered and they are now in the process of repeating the experiment using the corre ... | 2016 | 26811799 |
| physiological responses and expression profile of nadph oxidase in rice (oryza sativa) seedlings under different levels of submergence. | flooding due to global climate change is a serious problem that frequently decreases crop yields. rice fields in flood-prone areas often experience full or partial submergence. submergence has an adverse effect on internal oxygen availability, sugar status and survival. complete submergence imposes severe pressure on plants, principally because the excess water in their surroundings deprives them of certain basic resources such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and light for photosynthesis. to better un ... | 2016 | 26810875 |
| specific roles of tocopherols and tocotrienols in seed longevity and germination tolerance to abiotic stress in transgenic rice. | tocopherols and tocotrienols are lipophilic antioxidants that are abundant in plant seeds. although their roles have been extensively studied, our understanding of their functions in rice seeds is still limited. in this study, on the basis of available rnai rice plants constitutively silenced for homogentisate phytyltransferase (hpt) and tocopherol cyclase (tc), we developed transgenic plants that silenced homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (hggt). all the rnai plants showed significantly ... | 2016 | 26810451 |
| genome-wide association mapping revealed a diverse genetic basis of seed dormancy across subpopulations in rice (oryza sativa l.). | seed dormancy is an adaptive trait employed by flowering plants to avoid harsh environmental conditions for the continuity of their next generations. in cereal crops, moderate seed dormancy could help prevent pre-harvest sprouting and improve grain yield and quality. we performed a genome wide association study (gwas) for dormancy, based on seed germination percentage (gp) in freshly harvested seeds (fhs) and after-ripened seeds (ars) in 350 worldwide accessions that were characterized with stro ... | 2016 | 26810156 |
| rearrangement of nitrogen metabolism in rice (oryza sativa l.) under salt stress. | salt stress is an important environmental condition limiting the agricultural production. the reprogram of protein expression is one of the strategies of plants to cope with salt stress. we have previously analyzed the photosynthesis, antioxidant and oxidative phosphorylation involved in the carbon metabolism and the redox metabolism in rice seedlings under salt stress. here, we focused on the proteins involved in nitrogen metabolic response. as it was reported that the nitrite uptake was enhanc ... | 2016 | 26809460 |
| biochemical and molecular changes in rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.) to cope with chromium stress. | chromium (cr) is very toxic to both humans and plants. this investigation aimed to understand the physiological and molecular responses of rice seedlings to cr stress. cr toxicity did not significantly affect morphological features and cr accumulation in roots and shoots in pokkali but not in brri 51, although there was a reduction in chlorophyll concentration in leaves of both genotypes. these results imply that pokkali has mechanisms to cope with cr supplementation. we therefore performed quan ... | 2016 | 26804776 |
| mitochondrial gpx1 silencing triggers differential photosynthesis impairment in response to salinity in rice plants. | the physiological role of plant mitochondrial glutathione peroxidases is scarcely known. this study attempted to elucidate the role of a rice mitochondrial isoform (gpx1) in photosynthesis under normal growth and salinity conditions. gpx1 knockdown rice lines (gpx1s) were tested in absence and presence of 100 mm nacl for 6 d. growth reduction of gpx1s line under non-stressful conditions, compared with non-transformed (nt) plants occurred in parallel to increased h2 o2 and decreased gsh contents. ... | 2016 | 26799169 |
| calcium mitigates arsenic toxicity in rice seedlings by reducing arsenic uptake and modulating the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems and stress markers. | the effect of exogenous calcium (ca) on hydroponically grown rice seedlings was studied under arsenic (as) stress by investigating the antioxidant and glyoxalase systems. fourteen-day-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv. brri dhan29) seedlings were exposed to 0.5 and 1 mm na2haso4 alone and in combination with 10 mm cacl2 (ca) for 5 days. both levels of as caused growth inhibition, chlorosis, reduced leaf rwc, and increased as accumulation in the rice seedlings. both doses of as in growth medium induce ... | 2015 | 26798635 |
| nitric oxide alleviated arsenic toxicity by modulation of antioxidants and thiol metabolism in rice (oryza sativa l.). | nitric oxide (no) is a gaseous signaling molecule and has a profound impact on plant growth and development. it is reported to serve as pro oxidant as well as antioxidant in plant system. in the present study, we evaluated the protective role of no against arsenate (as(v)) toxicity in rice plants. as(v) exposure has hampered the plant growth, reduced the chlorophyll content, and enhanced the oxidative stress, while the exogenous no supplementation has reverted these symptoms. no supplementation ... | 2015 | 26793232 |
| microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of rice plants. | the microbial community in the rhizosphere environment is critical for the health of land plants and the processing of soil organic matter. the objective of this study was to determine the extent to which rice plants shape the microbial community in rice field soil over the course of a growing season. rice (oryza sativa) was cultivated under greenhouse conditions in rice field soil from vercelli, italy and the microbial community in the rhizosphere of planted soil microcosms was characterized at ... | 2015 | 26793175 |
| amyloplast membrane protein substandard starch grain6 controls starch grain size in rice endosperm. | starch is a biologically and commercially important polymer of glucose. starch is organized into starch grains (sgs) inside amyloplasts. the sg size differs depending on the plant species and is one of the most important factors for industrial applications of starch. there is limited information on genetic factors regulating sg sizes. in this study, we report the rice (oryza sativa) mutant substandard starch grain6 (ssg6), which develops enlarged sgs in endosperm. enlarged sgs are observed start ... | 2016 | 26792122 |
| toward integration of genomic selection with crop modelling: the development of an integrated approach to predicting rice heading dates. | it is suggested that accuracy in predicting plant phenotypes can be improved by integrating genomic prediction with crop modelling in a single hierarchical model. accurate prediction of phenotypes is important for plant breeding and management. although genomic prediction/selection aims to predict phenotypes on the basis of whole-genome marker information, it is often difficult to predict phenotypes of complex traits in diverse environments, because plant phenotypes are often influenced by genot ... | 2016 | 26791836 |
| molecular characterization of oryza sativa arsenic-induced ring e3 ligase 1 (osair1): expression patterns, localization, functional interaction, and heterogeneous overexpression. | high levels of arsenic (as) in plants are a serious threat to human health, and arsenic accumulation affects plant metabolism and ultimately photosynthesis, growth, and development. we attempted to isolate as-responsive really interesting new gene (ring) e3 ubiquitin ligase genes from rice, and we have designated one such gene oryza sativa arsenic-induced ring e3 ligase 1 (osair1). osair1 expression was induced under abiotic stress conditions, including drought, salt, heat, and as exposure. resu ... | 2016 | 26788958 |
| landscape and evolutionary dynamics of terminal repeat retrotransposons in miniature in plant genomes. | terminal repeat retrotransposons in miniature (trims) are a unique group of small long terminal repeat retrotransposons that are difficult to identify. thus far, only a few trims have been characterized in the euphyllophytes, and their evolutionary and biological significance as well as their transposition mechanisms are poorly understood. | 2016 | 26781660 |
| involvement of rice histone deacetylase hda705 in seed germination and in response to aba and abiotic stresses. | histone acetylation and deacetylation play crucial roles in the modification of chromatin structure and regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. histone acetyltransferases (hats) and histone deacetylases (hdacs) assist to maintain the balance of chromatin acetylation status. previous studies showed that plant hdacs are key regulators involved in response to development and stresses. in this study, we examined the expression pattern and function of hda705, a member of the rpd3/hda1-type hdac ... | 2016 | 26772883 |
| aflp-based analysis of genetic diversity, population structure, and relationships with agronomic traits in rice germplasm from north region of iran and world core germplasm set. | analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of crops is very important for use in breeding programs and for genetic resources conservation. we analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure of 47 rice genotypes from diverse origins using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers and morphological characters. the 47 genotypes, which were composed of four populations: iranian native varieties, iranian improved varieties, international rice research institute (ir ... | 2016 | 26762294 |
| ectopic expression of r3 myb transcription factor gene ostcl1 in arabidopsis, but not rice, affects trichome and root hair formation. | in arabidopsis, a myb-bhlh-wd40 (mbw) transcriptional activator complex activates the homeodomain protein gene glabra2 (gl2), leading to the promotion of trichome formation and inhibition of root hair formation. the same mbw complex also activates single-repeat r3 myb genes. r3 mybs in turn, play a negative feedback role by competing with r2r3 myb proteins for binding bhlh proteins, thus blocking the formation of the mbw complex. by blasting the rice (oryza sativa) protein database using the ent ... | 2016 | 26758286 |
| analysis of the rice adp-glucose transporter (osbt1) indicates the presence of regulatory processes in the amyloplast stroma that control adp-glucose flux into starch. | previous studies showed that efforts to further elevate starch synthesis in rice (oryza sativa) seeds overproducing adp-glucose (adpglc) were prevented by processes downstream of adpglc synthesis. here, we identified the major adpglc transporter by studying the shrunken3 locus of the em1093 rice line, which harbors a mutation in the brittle1 (bt1) adenylate transporter (osbt1) gene. despite containing elevated adpglc levels (approximately 10-fold) compared with the wild-type, em1093 grains are s ... | 2016 | 26754668 |
| molecular dynamics simulation and bioinformatics study on chloroplast stromal ridge complex from rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world and its yield is closely related to the photosynthesis efficiency. the chloroplast stromal ridge complex consisting of psac-psad-psae plays an important role in plant photosynthesis, which has been a subject of many studies. till now, the recognition mechanism between psac and psad in rice is still not fully understood. | 2016 | 26753869 |
| deficiency of starch synthase iiia and ivb alters starch granule morphology from polyhedral to spherical in rice endosperm. | starch granule morphology differs markedly among plant species. however, the mechanisms controlling starch granule morphology have not been elucidated. rice (oryza sativa) endosperm produces characteristic compound-type granules containing dozens of polyhedral starch granules within an amyloplast. some other cereal species produce simple-type granules, in which only one starch granule is present per amyloplast. a double mutant rice deficient in the starch synthase (ss) genes ssiiia and ssivb (ss ... | 2016 | 26747287 |
| rice improvement through genome-based functional analysis and molecular breeding in india. | rice is one of the main pillars of food security in india. its improvement for higher yield in sustainable agriculture system is also vital to provide energy and nutritional needs of growing world population, expected to reach more than 9 billion by 2050. the high quality genome sequence of rice has provided a rich resource to mine information about diversity of genes and alleles which can contribute to improvement of useful agronomic traits. defining the function of each gene and regulatory ele ... | 2016 | 26743769 |
| reduced arsenic accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) shoot involves sulfur mediated improved thiol metabolism, antioxidant system and altered arsenic transporters. | arsenic (as) contamination in rice is at alarming level as majority of rice growing regions are as contaminated such as south east asia. restricting the as in aerial parts of rice plant may be an effective strategy to reduce as contamination in food chain. sulfur (s), an essential element for plant growth and development, plays a crucial role in diminishing heavy metal toxicity. current study is designed to investigate the role of s to mitigate as toxicity in rice under different s regimes. high ... | 2016 | 26741538 |
| emerging importance of helicases in plant stress tolerance: characterization of oryza sativa repair helicase xpb2 promoter and its functional validation in tobacco under multiple stresses. | genetic material always remains at the risk of spontaneous or induced damage which challenges the normal functioning of dna molecule, thus, dna repair is vital to protect the organisms against genetic damage. helicases, the unique molecular motors, are emerged as prospective molecules to engineer stress tolerance in plants and are involved in nucleic acid metabolism including dna repair. the repair helicase, xpb is an evolutionary conserved protein present in different organisms, including plant ... | 2015 | 26734018 |
| silicon decreases both uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of manganese in rice. | silicon (si) is known to alleviate manganese (mn) toxicity in a number of plant species; however, the mechanisms responsible for this effect are poorly understood. here, we investigated the interaction between si and mn in rice (oryza sativa) by using a mutant defective in si uptake. silicon alleviated mn toxicity in the wild-type (wt) rice, but not in the mutant exposed to high mn. the mn concentration in the shoots was decreased, but that in the roots was increased by si in the wt. in contrast ... | 2016 | 26733690 |
| effects of conservation tillage on topsoil microbial metabolic characteristics and organic carbon within aggregates under a rice (oryza sativa l.)-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cropping system in central china. | investigating microbial metabolic characteristics and soil organic carbon (soc) within aggregates and their relationships under conservation tillage may be useful in revealing the mechanism of soc sequestration in conservation tillage systems. however, limited studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between soc and microbial metabolic characteristics within aggregate fractions under conservation tillage. we hypothesized that close relationships can exist between soc and micro ... | 2016 | 26731654 |
| comparative metalloproteomic approaches for the investigation proteins involved in the toxicity of inorganic and organic forms of mercury in rice (oryza sativa l.) roots. | the toxicity mechanisms of rice roots under inorganic mercury (ihg) or methylmercury (mehg) stress were investigated using metalloproteomic approaches. rice seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solutions with ihg or mehg for three weeks. proteins were extracted from the roots and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de). differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using esi-ms/ms and identified by pmf. 26 and 29 protein spots were differentially expressed in the ihg- and mehg-exp ... | 2016 | 26731542 |
| microrna-targeted transcription factor gene rdd1 promotes nutrient ion uptake and accumulation in rice. | fertilizers are often potential environmental pollutants, therefore increasing productivity and the efficiency of nutrient uptake to boost crop yields without the risk of environmental pollution is a desirable goal. here, we show that the transcription factor encoding gene rdd1 plays a role in improving the uptake and accumulation of various nutrient ions in rice. rdd1 was found to be targeted by the microrna mir166. an rdd1 transgene driven by a strong constitutive promoter exhibited a diurnall ... | 2016 | 26729506 |
| analysis of population structure and genetic diversity of egyptian and exotic rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes. | understanding the population structure and genetic diversity is a very important goal to improve the economic value of crops. in rice, a loss of genetic diversity in the last few centuries is observed. to address this challenge, a set of 22 lines from three different regions - india (two), and philippines (six), and egypt (14) - were used to assess the genetic diversity and the features of population structure. these genotypes were analyzed using 106 ssr alleles that showed a clear polymorphism ... | 2016 | 26727453 |
| genetic basis of multiple resistance to the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål) and the green rice leafhopper (nephotettix cincticeps uhler) in the rice cultivar 'asd7' (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica). | the rice cultivar asd7 (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) is resistant to the brown planthopper (bph; nilaparvata lugens stål) and the green leafhopper (nephotettix virescens distant). here, we analyzed multiple genetic resistance to bph and the green rice leafhopper (grh; nephotettix cincticeps uhler). using two independent f2 populations derived from a cross between asd7 and taichung 65 (oryza sativa ssp. japonica), we detected two qtls (qbph6 and qbph12) for resistance to bph and one qtl (qgrh5) f ... | 2015 | 26719745 |
| genetic dissection of seed storability using two different populations with a same parent rice cultivar n22. | seed storability in rice (oryza sativa l.) is an important agronomic trait. two segregating populations with n22 (indica) as a common parent, viz. a set of 122 backcross-inbred lines (bils) derived from the backcross nanjing35 (japonica)/n22//nanjing35 and another population comprising 189 recombinant inbred lines (rils) from the cross of ussr5 (japonica) and n22, were studied to detect quantitative trait loci (qtl) controlling seed storability. germination percentage (gp) was used to evaluate s ... | 2015 | 26719744 |
| genome-wide association mapping focusing on a rice population derived from rice breeding programs in a region. | plant breeding programs in local regions may generate genetic variations that are desirable to local populations and shape adaptability during the establishment of local populations. to elucidate genetic bases for this process, we proposed a new approach for identifying the genetic bases for the traits improved during rice breeding programs; association mapping focusing on a local population. in the present study, we performed association mapping focusing on a local rice population, consisting o ... | 2015 | 26719743 |
| overexpression of cold-inducible wheat galactinol synthase confers tolerance to chilling stress in transgenic rice. | galactinol synthase (gols) is considered to be a key regulator of the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (rfos). accumulation of rfos has been reported to play a role in protection against abiotic stresses. we identified two cdnas encoding galactinol synthase from wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which we designated as tagols1 and tagols2. expression of the two tagols genes was induced by cold stress but not by drought, heat stress or aba treatment in wheat. we generated transgenic l ... | 2015 | 26719738 |
| genome-wide screen of genes imprinted in sorghum endosperm, and the roles of allelic differential cytosine methylation. | imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon referring to allele-biased expression of certain genes depending on their parent of origin. accumulated evidence suggests that, while imprinting is a conserved mechanism across kingdoms, the identities of the imprinted genes are largely species-specific. using deep rna sequencing of endosperm 14 days after pollination in sorghum, 5683 genes (29.27% of the total 19 418 expressed genes) were found to harbor diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms between t ... | 2016 | 26718755 |
| assessment of genetic purity in rice (oryza sativa l.) hybrids using microsatellite markers. | the objective of the present study is to detect genetic impurity in the seed lots of cms lines, restorers and hybrids and to identify signature markers to differentiate parents and hybrids through dna-based assays. furthermore, attempts have been made to find out an alternative to grow-out-test, which is very tedious, time consuming and used conventionally for seed genetic purity testing since beginning of quality seed multiplication chain. fifty-one rice-specific sequence tagged microsatellite ... | 2016 | 28330120 |
| optimization of regeneration using differential growth regulators in indica rice cultivars. | paddy is a staple crop and being grown in major parts of india, but similarly it is facing some major challenges like abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, etc.) by which its productivity is greatly affected. de-husked seeds of 21 cultivars of indica rice were cultured onto ms medium for screening of their micropropagation capabilities. all the selected cultivars are being cultivated by farmers of andhra pradesh and rajasthan states of india, these cultivars bear good quality of grain and high yi ... | 2016 | 28330091 |
| impact of biochar on nitrous oxide emissions from upland rice. | the objective of this research was to assess the emission of nitrous oxide (n2o) from soil amended with biochar in the culture of upland rice. the experiment was conducted in the field in a cerrado haplic plinthosol under randomized block experimental design. the treatments consisted of fertilization with 100 kg n ha(-1) split into two applications, 60% at sowing and 40% at 45 days after crop emergence, combined with four doses of biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 mg ha(-1)), with four replications. the ... | 2016 | 26716573 |
| novel and conserved mirnas in the halophyte suaeda maritima identified by deep sequencing and computational predictions using the ests of two mangrove plants. | although mirnas are reportedly involved in the salt stress tolerance of plants, mirna profiling in plants has largely remained restricted to glycophytes, including certain crop species that do not exhibit any tolerance to salinity. hence, this manuscript describes the results from the mirna profiling of the halophyte suaeda maritima, which is used worldwide to study salt tolerance in plants. | 2015 | 26714456 |
| using rna-seq to profile gene expression of spikelet development in response to temperature and nitrogen during meiosis in rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice reproductive development is sensitive to high temperature and soil nitrogen supply, both of which are predicted to be increased threats to rice crop yield. rice spikelet development is a critical process that determines yield, yet little is known about the transcriptional regulation of rice spikelet development in response to the combination of heat stress and low nitrogen availability. here, we profiled gene expression of rice spikelet development during meiosis under heat stress and diffe ... | 2015 | 26714321 |
| microarray-based gene expression analysis of strong seed dormancy in rice cv. n22 and less dormant mutant derivatives. | seed dormancy in rice is an important trait related to the pre-harvest sprouting resistance. in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy, gene expression was investigated by transcriptome analysis using seeds of the strongly dormant cultivar n22 and its less dormant mutants q4359 and q4646 at 24 days after heading (dah). microarray data revealed more differentially expressed genes in q4359 than in q4646 compared to n22. most genes differing between q4646 and n22 also differe ... | 2016 | 26713549 |
| the complete chloroplast genome of tibetan hulless barley. | we report complete chloroplast genome of the tibetan hulless barely using iilumina hiseq 2000 sequencing technology (iilumina inc., san diego, ca). the chloroplast genome size is 136 462 bp in length that includes two inverted repeats (irs) of 10 528 bp, which are separated by the large single copy (lsc 101 375 bp) and small single copy (ssc 14 030 bp). hulless barely chloroplast genome encodes 76 protein-coding genes, four rrna genes, and 29 trna genes. the maximum-likelihood (ml) phylogenetic ... | 2017 | 26713356 |
| a tyrosine aminomutase from rice (oryza sativa) isomerizes (s)-α- to (r)-β-tyrosine with unique high enantioselectivity and retention of configuration. | a recently discovered 3,5-dihydro-5-methylidene-4h-imidazol-4-one (mio)-dependent tyrosine aminomutase (ostam) from rice [yan, j., et al. (2015) plant cell 27, 1265] converts (s)-α-tyrosine to a mixture of (r)- and (s)-β-tyrosines, with high (94%) enantiomeric excess, which does not change with ph, like it does for two bacterial tams. the k(m) of 490 μm and the k(cat) of 0.005 s(-1) are similar for other tam enzymes. ostam is unique and also catalyzes (r)-β- from (s)-α-phenylalanine. ostam princ ... | 2016 | 26709535 |
| rice stomatal closure requires guard cell plasma membrane atp-binding cassette transporter rcn1/osabcg5. | water stress is one of the major environmental stresses that affect agricultural production worldwide. water loss from plants occurs primarily through stomatal pores. here, we report that an oryza sativa half-size atp-binding cassette (abc) subfamily g protein, rcn1/osabcg5, is involved in stomatal closure mediated by phytohormone abscisic acid (aba) accumulation in guard cells. we found that the gfp-rcn1/osabcg5-fusion protein was localized at the plasma membrane in guard cells. the percentage ... | 2016 | 26708605 |
| polarized defense against fungal pathogens is mediated by the jacalin-related lectin domain of modular poaceae-specific proteins. | modular proteins are an evolutionary answer to optimize performance of proteins that physically interact with each other for functionality. using a combination of genetic and biochemical experiments, we characterized the rice protein osjac1, which consists of a jacalin-related lectin (jrl) domain predicted to bind mannose-containing oligosaccharides, and a dirigent domain which might function in stereoselective coupling of monolignols. transgenic overexpression of osjac1 in rice resulted in quan ... | 2016 | 26708413 |
| rna-seq analysis of urea nutrition responsive transcriptome of oryza sativa elite indica cultivar rp bio 226. | rice yield is greatly influenced by the nitrogen and rice varieties show variation in yield. for understanding the role of urea nutrition in the yield of elite indica rice cultivar rpbio-226, the urea responsive transcriptome was sequenced and analyzed. the raw reads and the transcriptome shotgun assembly project has been deposited at ddbj/embl/genbank under the accession gdkm00000000. the version described in this paper is the first version, gdkm01000000. | 2015 | 26697348 |
| the making of a genomic parasite - the mothra family sheds light on the evolution of helitrons in plants. | helitrons are class ii transposons which are highly abundant in almost all eukaryotes. however, most helitrons lack protein coding sequence. these non-autonomous elements are thought to hijack recombinase/helicase (rephel) and possibly further enzymes from related, autonomous elements. interestingly, many plant helitrons contain an additional gene encoding a single-strand binding protein homologous to replication factor a (rpa), a highly conserved, single-copy gene found in all eukaryotes. | 2015 | 26688693 |
| uptake, translocation and transformation of antimony in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | antimony (sb), as a toxic metalloid, has been gaining increasing research concerns due mainly to its severe pollution in many places. rice has been identified to be the dominant intake route of sb by residents close to the sb mining areas. a hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the difference in uptake, translocation and transformation of sb in rice seedlings of four cultivars exposed to 0.2 or 1.0 mg/l of sb(v). the results showed that mass concentration of iron plaque (mg/kg fw) ... | 2016 | 26686058 |
| knocking down mitochondrial iron transporter (mit) reprograms primary and secondary metabolism in rice plants. | iron (fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, and its reduced bioavailability strongly impairs mitochondrial functionality. in this work, the metabolic adjustment in the rice (oryza sativa) mitochondrial fe transporter knockdown mutant (mit-2) was analysed. biochemical characterization of purified mitochondria from rice roots showed alteration in the respiratory chain of mit-2 compared with wild-type (wt) plants. in particular, proteins belonging to the type ii altern ... | 2016 | 26685186 |
| rice perception of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi requires the karrikin receptor complex. | in terrestrial ecosystems, plants take up phosphate predominantly via association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). we identified loss of responsiveness to amf in the rice (oryza sativa) mutant hebiba, reflected by the absence of physical contact and of characteristic transcriptional responses to fungal signals. among the 26 genes deleted in hebiba, dwarf 14 like is, the one responsible for loss of symbiosis . it encodes an alpha/beta-fold hydrolase, that is a component of an intracellula ... | 2015 | 26680197 |
| distribution and speciation of cu in the root border cells of rice by stxm combined with nexafs. | root border cells (rbcs) serve plants in their initial line of defense against stress from the presence of heavy metals in the soil. in this research, light microscopy and synchrotron-based scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (stxm) combined with near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (nexafs) with a nanoscale spatial resolution were used to investigate the effects of copper (cu) upon the rbcs, as well as its distribution and speciation within the rbcs of rice (oryza sativa l. ... | 2016 | 26679325 |
| genetic variation and association mapping for 12 agronomic traits in indica rice. | increasing rice (oryza sativa l.) yield is a crucial challenge for modern agriculture. the ideal plant architecture is considered to be critical to enhance rice yield. elite plant morphological traits should include compact plant type, short stature, few unproductive tillers, thick and sturdy stems and erect leaves. to reveal the genetic variations of important morphological traits, 523 germplasm accessions were genotyped using the illumina custom-designed array containing 5,291 single nucleotid ... | 2015 | 26673149 |
| a defect in dna ligase4 enhances the frequency of talen-mediated targeted mutagenesis in rice. | we have established methods for site-directed mutagenesis via transcription activator-like effector nucleases (talens) in the endogenous rice (oryza sativa) waxy gene and demonstrated stable inheritance of talen-induced somatic mutations to the progeny. to analyze the role of classical nonhomologous end joining (cnhej) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (altnhej) pathways in talen-induced mutagenesis in plant cells, we investigated whether a lack of dna ligase4 (lig4) affects the kinetics ... | 2016 | 26668331 |
| evolving ideas about genetics underlying insect virulence to plant resistance in rice-brown planthopper interactions. | many plant-parasite interactions that include major plant resistance genes have subsequently been shown to exhibit features of gene-for-gene interactions between plant resistance genes and parasite avirulence genes. the brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens is an important pest of rice (oryza sativa). historically, major resistance genes have played an important role in agriculture. as is common in gene-for-gene interactions, evolution of bph virulence compromises the effectiveness of singl ... | 2016 | 26668110 |
| ectopic expression of pgrab7 in rice plants (oryza sativa l.) results in differential tolerance at the vegetative and seed setting stage during salinity and drought stress. | in this work, we have overexpressed a vesicle trafficking protein, rab7, from a stress-tolerant plant, pennisetum glaucum, in a high-yielding but stress-sensitive rice variety pusa basmati-1 (pb-1). the transgenic rice plants were tested for tolerance against salinity and drought stress. the transgenic plants showed considerable tolerance at the vegetative stage against both salinity (200 mm nacl) and drought stress (up to 12 days after withdrawing water). the protection against salt and drought ... | 2017 | 26666551 |
| oswrky74, a wrky transcription factor, modulates tolerance to phosphate starvation in rice. | the wrky transcription factor family has 109 members in the rice genome, and has been reported to be involved in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stress in plants. here, we demonstrated that a rice oswrky74 belonging to group iii of the wrky transcription factor family was involved in tolerance to phosphate (pi) starvation. oswrky74 was localized in the nucleus and mainly expressed in roots and leaves. overexpression of oswrky74 significantly enhanced tolerance to pi starvation, whereas tran ... | 2016 | 26663563 |
| the knowns and unknowns of phosphorus loading into grains, and implications for phosphorus efficiency in cropping systems. | inefficient use of phosphorus (p) in agriculture adds to production costs, increases the risk of eutrophication of waterways, and contributes to the rapid depletion of the world's non-renewable rock phosphate supplies. the removal of large quantities of p from fields in harvested grains is a major driver in the global p cycle, but opportunities exist to reduce the amount of p in harvested grains through plant breeding. using rice (oryza sativa l.) as a model crop, we examine our current understa ... | 2016 | 26662950 |
| plant cytosolic acyl-coa-binding proteins. | a gene family encoding six members of acyl-coa-binding proteins (acbp) exists in arabidopsis and they are designated as atacbp1-atacbp6. they have been observed to play pivotal roles in plant lipid metabolism, consistent to the abilities of recombinant atacbp in binding different medium- and long-chain acyl-coa esters in vitro. while atacbp1 and atacbp2 are membrane-associated proteins with ankyrin repeats and atacbp3 contains a signaling peptide for targeting to the apoplast, atacbp4, atacbp5 a ... | 2016 | 26662549 |
| interactive effects of straw-derived biochar and n fertilization on soil c storage and rice productivity in rice paddies of northeast china. | impacts of biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and c sequestration in agricultural soils have been considered as the key to mitigate climate change. there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of rice straw-derived biochar and interaction with n fertilization on soil c sequestration and rice productivity in fertile paddy fields. a 2-year (2013 and 2014) consecutive field trial was performed using straw treatment (5.05 t ha(-1)) and biochar amendment (0, 1.78, 14.8 and 29.6 t ha(-1)) with or ... | 2016 | 26657366 |
| zinc-dependent protection of tobacco and rice cells from aluminum-induced superoxide-mediated cytotoxicity. | al(3+) toxicity in growing plants is considered as one of the major factors limiting the production of crops on acidic soils worldwide. in the last 15 years, it has been proposed that al(3+) toxicity are mediated with distortion of the cellular signaling mechanisms such as calcium signaling pathways, and production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ros) causing oxidative damages. on the other hand, zinc is normally present in plants at high concentrations and its deficiency is one of the mos ... | 2015 | 26648960 |
| proteomic analysis of isogenic rice reveals proteins correlated with aroma compound biosynthesis at different developmental stages. | fragrant rice has a potent flavor compound, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2ap). a better understanding of the 2ap biosynthetic pathway is gained by proteomic analysis of two isogenic lines of thai jasmine rice, oryza sativa l. cv. khao dawk mali 105, which differ only in the aromatic gene os2ap. the protein profiles of two lines, from six growth stages, seedling to grain filling, had 41 identifiable protein spots. four of these spots were betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, a key enzyme responsible for 2ap ... | 2016 | 26646386 |
| association mapping of quantitative trait loci for mineral element contents in whole grain rice (oryza sativa l.). | mineral elements in brown rice grain play an important role in human health. in this study, variations in the content of iron (fe), zinc (zn), selenium (se), cadmium (cd), and lead (pb) in 378 accessions of brown rice were investigated, and association mapping was used to detect the quantitative trait loci (qtls) responsible for the variation. among seven subpopulations, the mean values of zn and cd in the japonica group were significantly higher than in the indica groups. the population structu ... | 2015 | 26641542 |
| application of brown planthopper salivary gland extract to rice plants induces systemic host mrna patterns associated with nutrient remobilization. | insect saliva plays an important role in modulation of plant-insect interactions. although this area of research has generated much attention in recent years, mechanisms of how saliva affects plant responses remain poorly understood. to address this void, the present study investigated the impact of the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens, stål; hereafter bph) salivary gland extract (sge) on rice (oryza sativa) systemic responses at the mrna level. differentially expressed rice mrnas were gene ... | 2015 | 26641488 |
| screening of candidate genes and fine mapping of drought tolerance quantitative trait loci on chromosome 4 in rice (oryza sativa l.) under drought stress. | due to severe water resource shortage, genetics of and breeding for dt (drought tolerance) in rice (oryza sativa l.) have become one of the hot research topics. identification of grain yield qtls (quantitative trait loci) directly related to the dt trait of rice can provide useful information for breeding new drought-resistant and water-saving rice varieties via marker-assisted selection. a population of 105 advanced bils (backcross introgression lines) derived from a cross between zhenshan97b a ... | 2015 | 26640678 |
| integrated physiological, biochemical, and molecular analysis identifies important traits and mechanisms associated with differential response of rice genotypes to elevated temperature. | in changing climatic conditions, heat stress caused by high temperature poses a serious threat to rice cultivation. a multiple organizational analysis at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels is required to fully understand the impact of elevated temperature in rice. this study was aimed at deciphering the elevated temperature response in 11 popular and mega rice cultivars widely grown in india. physiological and biochemical traits specifically membrane thermostability (mts), antioxid ... | 2015 | 26640473 |
| set domain group 708, a histone h3 lysine 36-specific methyltransferase, controls flowering time in rice (oryza sativa). | as a key epigenetic modification, the methylation of histone h3 lysine 36 (h3k36) modulates chromatin structure and is involved in diverse biological processes. to better understand the language of h3k36 methylation in rice (oryza sativa), we chose potential histone methylation enzymes for functional exploration. in particular, we characterized rice set domain group 708 (sdg708) as an h3k36-specific methyltransferase possessing the ability to deposit up to three methyl groups on h3k36. compared ... | 2016 | 26639303 |
| genomic survey and gene expression analysis of the vdac gene family in rice. | the voltage-dependent anion channel (vdac), also known as a mitochondrial porin, plays an important role in the regulation of metabolic and energetic functions of mitochondria, as well as in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is of major economic importance for commercial hybrid production and a research model for the interaction be-tween nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes. recent research has revealed that cms is associated with programmed cell death. here, we used t ... | 2015 | 26634536 |
| cloning and characterization of up-regulated hbsina4 gene induced by drought stress in tibetan hulless barley. | hulless barley is an important crop cereal in tibetan, china. drought is a major abiotic stress in barley production. in this study, we cloned the drought-related hbsina4 gene from the variety 'himalaya 10' and analyzed its expression patterns under different drought and rehydration conditions. the cdna of hbsina4 was 1052 bp long, including an open reading frame of 771 bp that encoded a protein of 256 amino acids. the molecular weight of hbsina4 protein was predicted to be 29.53 kda and the the ... | 2015 | 26634495 |
| assessment of the phytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles on two crop plants, maize (zea mays l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.). | in this study, the phytotoxicity of seven metal oxide nanoparticles(nps)-titanium dioxide (ntio₂), silicon dioxide (nsio₂), cerium dioxide (nceo₂), magnetite (nfe₃o₄), aluminum oxide (nal₂o₃), zinc oxide (nzno) and copper oxide (ncuo)-was assessed on two agriculturally significant crop plants (maize and rice). the results showed that seed germination was not affected by any of the seven metal oxide nps. however, at the concentration of 2000 mg·l(-1), the root elongation was significantly inhibit ... | 2015 | 26633437 |
| autotetraploid rice methylome analysis reveals methylation variation of transposable elements and their effects on gene expression. | polyploidy, or whole-genome duplication (wgd), serves as a key innovation in plant evolution and is an important genomic feature for all eukaryotes. neopolyploids have to overcome difficulties in meiosis, genomic alterations, changes of gene expression, and epigenomic reorganization. however, the underlying mechanisms for these processes are poorly understood. one of the most interesting aspects is that genome doubling events increase the dosage of all genes. unlike allopolyploids entangled by b ... | 2015 | 26621743 |
| the potential for carbon bio-sequestration in china's paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) as impacted by slag-based silicate fertilizer. | rice is a typical silicon-accumulating plant. silicon (si), deposited as phytoliths during plant growth, has been shown to occlude organic carbon, which may prove to have significant effects on the biogeochemical sequestration of atmospheric co2. this study evaluated the effects of silicate fertilization on plant si uptake and carbon bio-sequestration in field trials on china's paddy soils. the results showed (1) increased si concentrations in rice straw with increasing application rates of sili ... | 2015 | 26621377 |
| generation of artificial drooping leaf mutants by crispr-cas9 technology in rice. | crispr-cas9 technology, which uses an rna-guided nuclease, has been developed as an efficient and versatile genome-editing method to induce mutations in genes of interest. to examine the feasibility of this method in developmental studies of a model monocot, rice (oryza sativa), we introduced the construct gdl-1, which produced a guide rna targeting the drooping leaf (dl) gene. dl regulates midrib formation in the leaf and carpel specification in the flower. because loss of function of dl causes ... | 2016 | 26617267 |
| digestion property and synergistic effect on biological activity of purple rice (oryza sativa l.) anthocyanins subjected to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. | anthocyanins, a group of polyphenolic pigments, have been proved to possess various bioactivities. however, they are unstable in the small intestine and absorbed with low bioavailability. the discrepancy between the low bioavailability of anthocyanins and their good bioactivities has not been illuminated yet. moreover, information about the digested property and stability of purple rice anthocyanins in the alimentary tract is still limited. thus, the present work was designed to study the digest ... | 2015 | 28433272 |
| differential expression of genes of the calvin-benson cycle and its related genes during leaf development in rice. | to understand how the machinery for photosynthetic carbon assimilation is formed and maintained during leaf development, changes in the mrna levels of the calvin-benson cycle enzymes, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase and two key enzymes for sucrose synthesis were determined in rice (oryza sativa l.). according to the patterns of changes in the mrna levels, these genes were categorized into three groups. group 1 included most of the genes involved in the carboxyl ... | 2016 | 26615032 |
| apoplasmic loading in the rice phloem supported by the presence of sucrose synthase and plasma membrane-localized proton pyrophosphatase. | although oryza sativa (rice) is one of the most important cereal crops, the mechanism by which sucrose, the major photosynthate, is loaded into its phloem is still a matter of debate. current opinion holds that the phloem loading pathway in rice could involve either a symplasmic or an apoplasmic route. it was hypothesized, on the basis of a complementary body of evidence from arabidopsis, which is an apoplasmic loader, that the membrane specificity of proton pyrophosphatases (h(+)-ppases; ovps) ... | 2016 | 26614751 |
| analysis of recombinant proteins in transgenic rice seeds: identity, localization, tolerance to digestion, and plant stress response. | rice seeds are an ideal production platform for high-value recombinant proteins in terms of economy, scalability, safety, and stability. strategies for the expression of large amounts of recombinant proteins in rice seeds have been established in the past decade and transgenic rice seeds that accumulate recombinant products such as bioactive peptides and proteins, which promote the health and quality of life of humans, have been generated in many laboratories worldwide. one of the most important ... | 2016 | 26614293 |
| quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of early seed development in rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice (oryza sativa l.) seed serves as a major food source for over half of the global population. though it has been long recognized that phosphorylation plays an essential role in rice seed development, the phosphorylation events and dynamics in this process remain largely unknown so far. here, we report the first large scale identification of rice seed phosphoproteins and phosphosites by using a quantitative phosphoproteomic approach. thorough proteomic studies in pistils and seeds at 3, 7 day ... | 2016 | 26613898 |
| polychlorinated biphenyl (pcbs) in rice grains and straw; risk surveillance, congener specific analysis, distribution and source apportionment from selected districts of punjab province, pakistan. | the current study presents health risk surveillance by investigating the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in rice (oryza sativa l.) grains and rice straw. samples were collected from four districts (okara, sahiwal, lahore and sheikhpura) of punjab province, pakistan for congener specific analysis of pcbs, and to observe the spatial distribution pattern and point sources. level of σ30 pcb (ng g(-1)) in rice grains and rice straw ranged from 4.31 to 29.68 and 6.11-25.35, respectively. te ... | 2016 | 26613515 |
| uncovering novel loci for mesocotyl elongation and shoot length in indica rice through genome-wide association mapping. | totally, 23 loci were detected, and 383 candidate genes were identified, and four of these candidate genes, os01g0392100, os04g0630000, os01g0904700 and os07g0615000, were regarded as promising targets. direct-seeding cultivation is becoming popular in rice (oryza sativa l.)-planting countries because it is labor- and time-efficient. however, low seedling establishment and slow seedling emergence have restricted the application and popularity of the technique. mesocotyl elongation and shoot leng ... | 2016 | 26612069 |